“the renaissance” renaissance means “rebirth” it was a cultural movement that began in italy...
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“The Renaissance”
• Renaissance means “Rebirth” • It was a cultural movement that began
in Italy (Florence) in the Middle Ages, which later spread to the rest of Europe.
• Between 14th-17th Centuries• Before the Renaissance, Europeans lived
in a period we call the Middle Ages.
During the Middle Ages:• Europeans were concerned with the church
and religion. • Everyone's activities centered around getting
to heaven rather than life here on earth. • The Black Death, a plague that killed one
third of Europe's people (an estimated of 34 million people) made daily European life scary and dangerous.
• To escape the danger, at least in their minds, people turned to God and the church.
EFFECTS:• Caused massive depopulation and change
in social structure.• Weakened influence of Church.
Characteristics of the Middle Ages Art,( the period before the Renaissance):• Most art in Europe featured heavenly figures
devoted to the worship of Christ.
• Because the people in Medieval paintings were citizens of heaven, and the artists painting these pictures had never actually seen heaven, the background was left to the imagination and the teachings of the church. Gold backgrounds were very common, as the air in heaven surely must be precious.
Duccio di Buoninsegna
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saintsfrom Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy
1308-1311tempera on wood
7 ft. x 13 ft.
Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi
Annunciation
1333tempera and gold leaf on wood
Cimabue
Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets
1280-1290tempera on wood
12 ft. 7 in. x 7 ft. 4 in.
MAP OF EUROPE IN 1470
MAP OF ITALY-1400’S
A change of view on Humankind begins:• The worth of the human being • Humankind is God’s greatest creation, as opposite of
the beliefs during the Middle Ages: Men is only important to serve God and to seek salvation of the soul.
• The ability of Humankind was recognized.• Optimism.
In ART:• When people became more interested in the world
around them and the ideas of other people rather than heaven and the teachings of Christ and the saints, landscapes and buildings began to show up in paintings, copying real life (beginning of the Renaissance).
Types of Renaissance• Proto Renaissance in Italy
• Northern Renaissance (1400-1525)Jan van Eyck, Van der Weyden, Hieronymus Bosch
• Early Renaissance in Italy
• Early Renaissance in France
• High Renaissance in Italy (1425-1525)Da Vinci, Bellini, Michelangelo, Rafael, Titian
• German Renaissance
• Characteristics of the REINASSANCE• Painters needed to be able to translate the three-dimensional
world around them onto the two-dimensional surface of a painting, called the "picture plane."
• Use of "linear perspective“ discovered by architect Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446). Idea that converging lines meet at a single vanishing point.
• Part of this change was influenced by the study of ancient Greek and Roman writings on scientific matters, government, philosophy, and art.
• Scholars turned away from traditional areas of study such as religion, medicine and the law and became interested in other areas of science, the natural world, biology and astronomy. People now studied mathematics, engineering, and architecture.
• Artists, writers, musicians and composers began creating work outside of the church. Artists signed their work and authors wrote autobiographies and memoirs — stories about themselves.
The holy family of Mary, Joseph and baby Jesus are joined here by shepherds and an angel in the center playing a lute. The landscape around them is earthly rather than heavenly.
Giovanni AgostinoThe Adoration of the Shephards1510. Oil on panel