review renaissance and reformation 1350-1600. renaissance renaissance = “rebirth” began in...

ReviewReview

Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance and Reformation 1350-16001350-1600

RenaissanceRenaissance

RenaissanceRenaissance = “rebirth” = “rebirth” Began in Italian City-StatesBegan in Italian City-States Revival of Commerce and Town Building Revival of Commerce and Town Building

was more intense in Italywas more intense in Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on ItalyFeudalism had less of a grip on Italy Presence of antiquity was stronger in Presence of antiquity was stronger in

Italy than elsewhere in EuropeItaly than elsewhere in Europe

RenaissanceRenaissance

Renaissance = “rebirth”Renaissance = “rebirth” HumanismHumanism a program of study based on the a program of study based on the

“classics” = ancient Greece and Rome“classics” = ancient Greece and Rome Petrarch – father of humanism Petrarch – father of humanism Civic HumanismCivic Humanism - use classical education for - use classical education for

the public’s goodthe public’s good Revival of Ancient Latin and Greek allowed Revival of Ancient Latin and Greek allowed

ancient text to be translatedancient text to be translated

Heritage of HumanismHeritage of Humanism

Improved command of LatinImproved command of Latin Restored Greek language/learningRestored Greek language/learning Developed new ways to study ancient Developed new ways to study ancient

world.world. Used past to illustrate human behavior Used past to illustrate human behavior

and find moral examples.and find moral examples. Reformed educationReformed education

Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

Artist as individuals, not craftsmenArtist as individuals, not craftsmen

New Techniques - PaintingNew Techniques - Painting Fresco – wet plasterFresco – wet plaster Oil PaintingOil Painting Chiaroscuro – contrast light and dark to Chiaroscuro – contrast light and dark to

create 3D imagescreate 3D images Single Point PerspectiveSingle Point Perspective


ArchitectureArchitecture Classical Motifs (Greek and Rome)Classical Motifs (Greek and Rome)

-- Columns, Domes Columns, Domes


Late RenaissanceLate Renaissance Mannerism Mannerism

-- Distorted images and confusing themesDistorted images and confusing themes

-- Reflect growing religious and political Reflect growing religious and political crises in Italycrises in Italy

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci

““Renaissance Man” Renaissance Man”

-- Architect, sculptor, engineer, inventor, Architect, sculptor, engineer, inventor, painter scientist painter scientist

RaphaelRaphael

School Of AthensSchool Of Athens – links – links renaissance with the renaissance with the pastpast

Single point perspectiveSingle point perspective

MichelangeloMichelangelo

David -David -MasterpieceMasterpiece Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel

-- Ceiling represents High Renaissance, Ceiling represents High Renaissance, Altar Represents Late Renaissance styleAltar Represents Late Renaissance style

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance

Northern HumanistNorthern Humanist Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus Criticized the Church Criticized the Church In Praise of FollyIn Praise of Folly Emphasized inner faith as opposed to Emphasized inner faith as opposed to

outer worshipouter worship Sir Thomas MooreSir Thomas Moore Utopia Utopia critical of contemporary societycritical of contemporary society All property should be held in commonAll property should be held in common


ArtArt Influenced by Italian RenaissanceInfluenced by Italian Renaissance Albrecht Durer Albrecht Durer – woodcuts– woodcuts Geoffrefy Chaucer- Geoffrefy Chaucer- Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales William Shakespeare William Shakespeare


Printing PressPrinting Press Johannes GutenbergJohannes Gutenberg

EffectsEffects Cheaper to produce booksCheaper to produce books Increase in literacyIncrease in literacy New ideas spread fasterNew ideas spread faster

Reformation Reformation

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe Questioned wealth of churchQuestioned wealth of church Miracle of transubstantiation Miracle of transubstantiation IndulgencesIndulgences Urged followers to read and interpret Urged followers to read and interpret

bible for themselvesbible for themselves ““Lollards”Lollards”

ReformationReformation

Jan HusJan Hus Horrified by immorality of clergyHorrified by immorality of clergy Urged that who congregation should be Urged that who congregation should be

given the cup during communiongiven the cup during communion Called before Called before Council of ConstanceCouncil of Constance Burned at the stake as a hereticBurned at the stake as a heretic Followers staged a rebellionFollowers staged a rebellion


Martin LutherMartin Luther Protested the selling of indulgencesProtested the selling of indulgences Posted Posted 95 Theses95 Theses Quickly spread via printing pressQuickly spread via printing press Diet of Worms- banned him and his works from Diet of Worms- banned him and his works from

HREHRE Questioned papal authority, sacraments, Questioned papal authority, sacraments,

monasticism, celibacy of clergymonasticism, celibacy of clergy Had several childrenHad several children


Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg Legalized Lutheranism in areas ruled by Legalized Lutheranism in areas ruled by

Lutherans Lutherans


AnabaptistAnabaptist Denied infant baptismDenied infant baptism

Ulrich ZwiligiUlrich Zwiligi Denied all of the sacramentsDenied all of the sacraments

John CalvinJohn Calvin Predestination of the soulPredestination of the soul No free willNo free will


English ReformationEnglish Reformation Henry VIII wanted a divorceHenry VIII wanted a divorce Made head of Church of EnglandMade head of Church of England

Counter ReformationCounter Reformation

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent Educate clergyEducate clergy End selling of church officesEnd selling of church offices Upheld traditional Catholic teachingsUpheld traditional Catholic teachings

Baroque Art Baroque Art - more intensely religious - more intensely religious than mannerist stylethan mannerist style

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