renaissance and reformation 1350-1600. rebirth 1350-1550 considered the italian renaissance...
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Renaissance and Reformation 1350-1600
Chapter 12
“rebirth”1350-1550 considered the Italian
RenaissanceImportant characteristics
Large urban societyAge of recovery from the disasters of 14th
centuryHigh regards of human worth and what
individuals could achieve
The Renaissance
Italy had no central monarch stateSeveral small city-states
Milan, Venice, and FlorenceProspered from trade
Power of city states would cause trouble among Italian states
30 yrs French and Spanish would battle to dominate the Italy country
The Renaissance
3 social classesNobility
3 characteristics of perfect nobleBorn, not madeHad to be warriorFollow certain
standard of conductAim of perfect noble
was to serve his prince in an effective and honest ways
The Renaissance
Peasants50-90% of populationSerfdom continued to decreaseBy 1500 more peasants were becoming free
TownspeopleMade up rest of populationPatricians burghers workers
unemployed
The Renaissance
The Renaissance
Family and Marriage Family bond – great
security Parents arranged
marriages – dowry Father was center of
family made all decisions – authority over children
Mother supervised the household
Intellectual movement of Renaissance was humanism
Father of humanism – Petrarch
Humanist emphasis on classical Latin
Writers wrote in the vernacularDante and Chaucer would
make vernacular literature more popular
Ideas and Art of Renaissance
EducationHumanists believed education could
dramatically change human beingsThey wrote books and opened schools based on
their ideasCore – liberal studies
Study liberal education to produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom
Humanist education was a practical preparation for life
Ideas and Art of Renaissance
Artists wanted viewers to see the reality in their subjects
Techniques in paintingsFresco – painting done on fresh, wet plaster
with water-based paintsFamous artist – Masaccio
He created the illusion of three dimensionsRealistic style
Italian Renaissance Art
2 developments1. Technical side of painting2. Investigation of movement and human
anatomyChief aim of this era was human madeFlourished between 1490 and 1520 – High
RenaissanceLeonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
Italian Renaissance Art
Protestant ReformationName given to the religious reform movement
that divided the Western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups
Corruption was a call for reformSeries of popes failed to meet the church’s
spiritual needs
The Protestant Reformation
Martin LutherHe thought different about achieving
salvationInstead of doing good work you are to have
more faith in God – justificationHe would lead a religious movement95 Theses
Lutheranism be new religious serviceGerman rulers began taking control of the
churchesLuther would be dependent on German
states to help his church grow
The Protestant Reformation
German states accepted division between Christianity and Lutheranism
Each give the same rights
The Protestant Reformation