review renaissance and reformation 1350-1600. renaissance renaissance = “rebirth” began in...
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ReviewReview
Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance and Reformation 1350-16001350-1600
RenaissanceRenaissance
RenaissanceRenaissance = “rebirth” = “rebirth” Began in Italian City-StatesBegan in Italian City-States Revival of Commerce and Town Building Revival of Commerce and Town Building
was more intense in Italywas more intense in Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on ItalyFeudalism had less of a grip on Italy Presence of antiquity was stronger in Presence of antiquity was stronger in
Italy than elsewhere in EuropeItaly than elsewhere in Europe
RenaissanceRenaissance
Renaissance = “rebirth”Renaissance = “rebirth” HumanismHumanism a program of study based on the a program of study based on the
“classics” = ancient Greece and Rome“classics” = ancient Greece and Rome Petrarch – father of humanism Petrarch – father of humanism Civic HumanismCivic Humanism - use classical education for - use classical education for
the public’s goodthe public’s good Revival of Ancient Latin and Greek allowed Revival of Ancient Latin and Greek allowed
ancient text to be translatedancient text to be translated
Heritage of HumanismHeritage of Humanism
Improved command of LatinImproved command of Latin Restored Greek language/learningRestored Greek language/learning Developed new ways to study ancient Developed new ways to study ancient
world.world. Used past to illustrate human behavior Used past to illustrate human behavior
and find moral examples.and find moral examples. Reformed educationReformed education
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Artist as individuals, not craftsmenArtist as individuals, not craftsmen
New Techniques - PaintingNew Techniques - Painting Fresco – wet plasterFresco – wet plaster Oil PaintingOil Painting Chiaroscuro – contrast light and dark to Chiaroscuro – contrast light and dark to
create 3D imagescreate 3D images Single Point PerspectiveSingle Point Perspective
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
ArchitectureArchitecture Classical Motifs (Greek and Rome)Classical Motifs (Greek and Rome)
-- Columns, Domes Columns, Domes
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Late RenaissanceLate Renaissance Mannerism Mannerism
-- Distorted images and confusing themesDistorted images and confusing themes
-- Reflect growing religious and political Reflect growing religious and political crises in Italycrises in Italy
Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci
““Renaissance Man” Renaissance Man”
-- Architect, sculptor, engineer, inventor, Architect, sculptor, engineer, inventor, painter scientist painter scientist
RaphaelRaphael
School Of AthensSchool Of Athens – links – links renaissance with the renaissance with the pastpast
Single point perspectiveSingle point perspective
MichelangeloMichelangelo
David -David -MasterpieceMasterpiece Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel
-- Ceiling represents High Renaissance, Ceiling represents High Renaissance, Altar Represents Late Renaissance styleAltar Represents Late Renaissance style
Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
Northern HumanistNorthern Humanist Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus Criticized the Church Criticized the Church In Praise of FollyIn Praise of Folly Emphasized inner faith as opposed to Emphasized inner faith as opposed to
outer worshipouter worship Sir Thomas MooreSir Thomas Moore Utopia Utopia critical of contemporary societycritical of contemporary society All property should be held in commonAll property should be held in common
Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
ArtArt Influenced by Italian RenaissanceInfluenced by Italian Renaissance Albrecht Durer Albrecht Durer – woodcuts– woodcuts Geoffrefy Chaucer- Geoffrefy Chaucer- Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales William Shakespeare William Shakespeare
Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
Printing PressPrinting Press Johannes GutenbergJohannes Gutenberg
EffectsEffects Cheaper to produce booksCheaper to produce books Increase in literacyIncrease in literacy New ideas spread fasterNew ideas spread faster
Reformation Reformation
John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe Questioned wealth of churchQuestioned wealth of church Miracle of transubstantiation Miracle of transubstantiation IndulgencesIndulgences Urged followers to read and interpret Urged followers to read and interpret
bible for themselvesbible for themselves ““Lollards”Lollards”
ReformationReformation
Jan HusJan Hus Horrified by immorality of clergyHorrified by immorality of clergy Urged that who congregation should be Urged that who congregation should be
given the cup during communiongiven the cup during communion Called before Called before Council of ConstanceCouncil of Constance Burned at the stake as a hereticBurned at the stake as a heretic Followers staged a rebellionFollowers staged a rebellion
ReformationReformation
Martin LutherMartin Luther Protested the selling of indulgencesProtested the selling of indulgences Posted Posted 95 Theses95 Theses Quickly spread via printing pressQuickly spread via printing press Diet of Worms- banned him and his works from Diet of Worms- banned him and his works from
HREHRE Questioned papal authority, sacraments, Questioned papal authority, sacraments,
monasticism, celibacy of clergymonasticism, celibacy of clergy Had several childrenHad several children
ReformationReformation
Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg Legalized Lutheranism in areas ruled by Legalized Lutheranism in areas ruled by
Lutherans Lutherans
ReformationReformation
AnabaptistAnabaptist Denied infant baptismDenied infant baptism
Ulrich ZwiligiUlrich Zwiligi Denied all of the sacramentsDenied all of the sacraments
John CalvinJohn Calvin Predestination of the soulPredestination of the soul No free willNo free will
ReformationReformation
English ReformationEnglish Reformation Henry VIII wanted a divorceHenry VIII wanted a divorce Made head of Church of EnglandMade head of Church of England
Counter ReformationCounter Reformation
Council of TrentCouncil of Trent Educate clergyEducate clergy End selling of church officesEnd selling of church offices Upheld traditional Catholic teachingsUpheld traditional Catholic teachings
Baroque Art Baroque Art - more intensely religious - more intensely religious than mannerist stylethan mannerist style
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