biuletyn iwp nr. 5

8/14/2019 Biuletyn IWP nr. 5

1/48

-1- >999Lpmdg YgbczapsjgJmdjq~s" p j{~|h jgk| p|`~|pg_gba{| jmdjq~smpa`m {~|nq ymz|sjlpgdlg y~moaj{ppzm~dlcz|ce>>Jmdjq~s dg kasl`d sjgkp zasymbmd|cekbg YJY Ld{a~cl{| >3Abnla{g Mylg@k|dlg kasl`dah s{ml_gy~mszadla dg LL @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s Kdl Kasl`dqJ~gop Dgkng{|cjlce

>6 Pg~sz{g{| kbg y~moaj{gd{p 7370 blycg ymkczgs @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s

>0Jg{g~z|dg Kmhg`gbsjgY~moaj{mpgdla ymbsjla`m nlzdasqS{~g{a`la ~hmpa l kasl`d39

Pgda {~z| bg{gJ{m l cm hma z|sjg" nlm~c qkzlg p _gy~moaj{qoSpo _|sj 33Nag{g NmcelsjgOgj dla s{~gcl p czgsgce j~|z|sq=3;Lpmdg YgbczapsjgHmdl{m~ld` ld{a~gj{|pd| Ngkgh| ymzlmh pzm~dlc{pg dg ymbsjlh ~|djq36Jg{g~z|dg ^q{jg

Pgdl bqkzla p slaclSmpdlj Y~moaj{gd{p Ymbsjlce mdblda mkdm{mpg{|slczda`m q|{jmpdljg35J~z|sz{mf NlabsjlMs{~mdg m~jlas{~gcog[~z| hmkaba nlzdasmpa p y~gj{|ca \vasg Neg~g;9Apg SlahlasjgKasl`da~ ^mjq p Lds{|{qclaP|s{gpg kmn~|ce y~gj{|j [mhgszg ^qkjlaplczg;>_gymplakzl LPY;;Nlnblm{ajg kasl`dq


4/48

9;

Ymbgc| dgobayslp Aq~myla'

Nag{g Nmcelsjg" y~azas LPY

nag{g]nmceldsjgIlpy$cmh$yb

S{ggh sl zg`m~zg jlnlcj l dla zhladl {a`m qhlg~jmpgd| sqjcas m~(`gdlzgc|od| Aq~m >97> gdl s{gd dgszao Bl`ll Yljg~sjlao$ Dmpg jmdjq(~adcog" j{~ ymjmcegbl hmkzl Ymbgc| l qy~gplgo o z zgygah" oas{ hlnblsjg ogj hgm j{~g dgqjg$ Dgqjg `~'

44 Jlbjg bg{ {ahq zgy|{gdm y~mfasm~g BaszjgNgbca~mplczg" ppczgs szafg DNY" cm oas{ kbg~mzpmoq Ymbsjl dgols{m{dlaosza= [ad mkympla(kzlg" a akqjgcog" g zg~gz ym{ah ~afm~h| yg(s{pg$ _pg|psz|" a dla mkymplgkg hldls{a~akqjgcol" gdl dgpa{ dgqjl" g szaf dgsza`m ngd(jq cad{~gbda`m" mkymplak hm`g zgs{gdmpl$Kzladdljg~z dla n| oakdgj dg {|ba pdljblp|" n|{ahg{ jmd{|dqmpg l zgy|{g sjk {g zgsjgjqo(cg mkymplak= G n|g {m mkymplak jbqczmpg$44 Pakq` ngkg Aq~ms{g{ %mkymplakdljg@QS p sjgbl Aq~my|, Ymbsjg oas{ dg yla~psz|hhlaoscq p Aq~myla %', ymk pz`bkah blczandm(cl s{qkad{p m~gz msn z p|sz|h l ~akdlhp|jsz{gcadlah$ Psz|sc| sl kzlslgo jsz{gc bqnkmjsz{gcgo" l sqszdla" nm {~zang plakzla" ogjha{mk y~gcmpg" ogj mcadlg afaj{| y~gc|" ogj fm~hqmpg sgha caba" ogjla s{msmpg dgobayszadg~zkzlg p y~gc|$ [~zang {gja plakzla" og(jlce jmhya{adcol sl dla hg" `kzla l q jm`m lceszqjg" n| y~za{~pg ymkczgs ~msdcao dg ~|d(jq jmdjq~adcol$ [~zang kg smnla szgds$ Kzlslgo

~h| cm~gz ~zgkzlao jmylqo cqkza ~mzplzgdlg"plakz" a zg pszabj cad {~zang sl p|~dl"n| zms{g zgqpgmd|h$ Fl~h| kqa l hga ldpa(s{qo p ~mzpo spmlce bqkzl" qbayszgo ha{mk|y~gc|" y~gcqo z jmdsqb{gd{ghl" cecc z|sjgdmp plakz m {|h" ogj l cm ~mnl$ Dg~aszcla'

Dmp| kms{gpcg44 Dlaj{~a ~h| oq plakz" cza`m dla pla(kz" gba cm pgdlaosza? plakz" kzla kzl szqjgpsyg~clg$ Oakd|hl z yla~psz|ce" j{~a sl kmdgs z`msl| ym psyg~cla" s kqa ~h| z mnszg(~q qsq` yqnblczd|ce$ @k| ~mzymcz|dgblh| m~(`gdlzgco jmdjq~sq kbg YJY Ld{a~cl{| dg y~moaj{jmdcayc|od| dg kasl`d sjgkp zasymbmd|ce"bajjm k~ablh|" cz| {gj ympgd| jmdjq~s qkgsl sy~gpdla y~zay~mpgkzl" cz| jblad{ nkzlamkymplakdlm y~z|`m{mpgd| m~gz cz| s{qklg y~m( oaj{mpa ymkmgo p|zpgdlq= _g~pdm jmdjq~s" ogj l czmda pg~sz{g{| kbg ~h| l y~moaj{gd{pymjgzg|" ogj pla{dla hma p ymbsjlce pg~qd(jgce y~zanla`g y~mcas y~mfasomdgbda`m ymz|(sjgdlg y~moaj{q$

Akqjgcog jblad{g44 Ymzg {|h" a jsz{gc sl cm~gz baysl km(s{gpc|" jsz{gcl sl {a jblad{$ S{~qj{q~g p|jsz{g(cadlg jmdsqhad{g hg kbg {pm~zadlg s{~g{a`llhg~ja{ld`mpao ~h fqdkghad{gbda zdgczadla$[ad dmp|" cm~gz blczdlaosz| jblad{ nkzla hlgsym~m dmp|ce cace" mczajlpg" qhlao{dmclj~|{|czdao mcad| l zgsmndlaosz| ym~{fab" gba cmzg cm? nkzla ng~kzlao p|hg`goc|$44 Kbg dla`m {~zang nkzla s{pm~z| zdgczdlang~kzlao p|~g dmpgd mfa~{$ J~|{|czd| zh|s


5/48

91

m~gz qhlao{dm gdgblz| jblad{g dla ymzpmbl dgmfa~mpgdla nazjsz{g{d|ce ymk~naj$

Dmp| jblad{44 Oas{ `~qyg jblad{p" j{~g nqkzl ms{g{dlmho ymkzlp l dgkzlao dg ~agbd zhlgd dgszao~zacz|pls{mcl$ S {m badlc|$ Y~gcmpdlc| Bg(sp Ygs{pmp|ce y~z|plzgdl km {~gk|coll {~gj{qoc| sp y~gc ng~kzm ympgdla" mkym(plakzlgbdla l hls|odla" hgo plabj plgkmhmzhladlgocao sl ~zacz|pls{mcl$ [m dlj{ ldd|"{|bjm cm~gz baylao p|akqjmpgd| q|{jmpdlj %p{|h y~z|ygkjq badlj, ceca dmp|ce hqdkq(~p? p|`mkdlaosz|ce" qsz|{|ce z kmn~|ce" {zp$ld{abl`ad{d|ce hg{a~lgp" j{~a qhmblpl hqsy~gpdlaosz y~gc p {a~adla$ Badlc| cadl hlsol {~gk|co zgpmkq" g oakdmczadla plkz spmoahlaosca y~gc| ogjm dmpmczasda" y~z|ogzda ~m(kmplsjq l hlmdljmh dg{q~|$ Cec ymcz| ~m(kzlh {~gk|co z dmpmczasd fqdjcomdgbdmcl$Cec zhlgd|$44 Ngkgdlg" j{~a pa psyy~gc| z M~mk(jlah ^mzpmompm(Pk~madlmp|h Bgsp Yg(s{pmp|ce p Nakmdlq y~zay~mpgkzlg dgszg

syacogbls{jg ymjgzg|" ogj plabjl {m y~moaj{" ogj zmmd| p jmd{ajcla pk~madlg" g ng`g{abgmnaohqoa >9 {|slc| y~z|sz|ce q|{jmpdljp$Y~moaj{ {~pg" h| qhlacegh| sl" s|szc myldla~mkah z ymy~zakdlao aymjl" m {|h" ogj p Ymbscadla hg ymy|{q dg y~moaj{|$44 Ymz|sjlpgdla dmpao plakz| nqkzl dmp|gya{|{ l ymkdmsl gk~adgbld$ Kbg ymbsjlao" dm(pao ld{abl`adcol akqjgcog s{gg sl dg~mkmp|hsym~{ah l oas{ah yapdg" a p|dljl" ogjla p {|hsym~cla msl`dlah|" nk hlg| kbg dgs pljszazdgczadla l y~zamadla dg ~mzpo `msymkg~cz|dl AQ^M >97>$ L m {m cemkzlm y~azasmpl DNY`k| mkymplgkg dg y|{gdla" cm kbg `msymkg~jl oas{ dgopgdlaosza$

Nag{g Nmcelsjg" y~azas LPY

Psz|sc| sl kzlslgo jsz{gc

bqn kmjsz{gcgo" l sqszdla"nm {~zang plakzla" ogj ha{mk y~gcmpg" ogj mcadlg afaj{| y~gc|" ogj fm~hqmpg sgha caba"

ogjla s{msmpg dgobayszadg~zkzlg p y~gc|$

[~zang {gja plakzla" ogjlce jmhya{adcol sldla hg" `kzla l q jm`mlce szqjg" n| y~za{~pgymkczgs ~msdcao dg ~|djqjmdjq~adcol$ [~zang kgsmnla szgds$


6/48

96

44 P|h|bmda y~zaz sla E&H jm~z|s{gdlaz dgzplsjg caban~|{| gbnm s|dda`m y~moaj{gd({g kbg ymkdlasladlg pg~{mcl jmbajcol" g n~q{gbdlahplc" p cabq pg{mpda`m ymkdlasladlg hg~(|" oas{ kzl s{msmpgda dg plabj sjgb$ P|kgpg(mn| sl" a ymplzgdla z kasl`da~ah {m oak|dla~qce hg~ja{ld`mp|" Y^(mp|" spmls{g hmkg dgdgzplsjm$ P {|h ~mjq szcza`bdla gj{|pd| oas{Oglha Eg|md" j{~| y~moaj{qoa l s|`dqoa spmlhdgzplsjlah hanba" ym~cabgd" bghy|" j~|sz{g|"

mnqpla$ Ymp{~jg za S{g~cjg$ Clajgpa" a {mpgdla hg~jl z dlsjlao l ~akdlao yjl zgy~gszgokm psyy~gc| zdgd|ce kasl`da~p l dgs{yqoa"dlajmdlaczdla z ympmkq j~|z|sq" cm~gz pljszgkahmj~g{|zgcog kasl`dq$ Y~z|jgk lkzla z `~| y~gcqoc| z dgobaysz|hl plabc| `l`gdcl ka{g(bq" ogj LJAG" Egnl{g{ cz| HQOL" spmo ymz|coblka~p ~|djq zgpkzlczgo pgdla mk~ndmclpzm~dlczao$44 Y~gpkzlp kahmj~gco dg ~|djq zgy~mym(dmpg ymdgk 19 bg{ {ahq Ld`vg~ Jghy~gk" {pm(~zc LJAG$ Oa`m ymh|s ymba`g dg ymczadlqkasl`dq z dlsj cad$ _gy~msl km psyy~gc|

dgoyla~p ~mkzlh|ce y~moaj{gd{p" ydlao s{my(dlmpm ~mzsza~zg zasy m {p~cp z ~d|ces{~md plg{g$ Oakad z dgos|ddlaosz|ce y~mkqj{pLJAG" fm{ab YMD@" zms{g zgy~moaj{mpgd| y~zaOgymcz|jg" Dmnm~q Dgjghq~g$ Dlazgbadla mksl| jmdca~dq" s{msmpgdlg s{~g{a`ll kms{ydmcl{gdlce hg{a~lgp l qpz`bkdlgdlg hmblpmcly~mkqjc|od|ce fgn~|j" {m pgdla kmn~| kasl`ds{g sl dgopgdlaosz sl dgykmp l ~kahz|sjp LJAG$44 S{pm~zmd| y~zaz Sl~ [a~adcg Cmd~gdgp 7


7/48

90

km zhladlgocao sl kpg ~gz| km ~mjq jmbajcol$Egnl{g{ jmog~z| sl psz|s{jlh z kmn~|h y~moaj ({mpgdlah l p|smj ogjmcl$44 Ogymsjg sla HQOL sgp zgpkzlczg dla{|bjm y~ms{|h" fqdjcomdgbd|h" zkgpgmn| sldm(dgha l dm(bm`my~mkqj{mh" gba {gja slba dg(zplsjg plabjla`m y~moaj{gd{g" Dgm{m Fqjgsgpg"j{~| zgy~moaj{mpg kbg HQOL mk{pg~zgcz CK"g ym{ah plaba ldd|ce y~zakhlm{p cmkzladda`mq|{jq$ Oghas L~vlda l Jmds{gd{ld @~clc {m jmbao(da `plgzk|" j{~a HQOL ymy~mslm m psyy~gc$S|dd| [emda{ p|y~mkqjqoa kbg slacl dmpa j~za(sm$ Fl~hg jmdsajpad{dla ~mzsza~zg spmo mfa~({ m jmbaoda y~mkqj{| zgy~moaj{mpgda syacogbdlakbg dlao$44 Kzl oq dla p|s{g~cz| kmn~| jmdcay{ sjba(yq" plaa bm`m l hg~jg$ P {ad symsn kzlggplaba ~h dg placla" an| y~z|ymhdla {|bjmzdgda psz|s{jlh szpgocg~sj sla Nq{{ba~s cz|szpakzjl @^GDL[$ Gn| `ada~mpg p|sza z|sjlp placla pszacem`g~dlgocao dgky~mkqjcol" ym({~zanda s dgy~gpk kmn~a y~moaj{|$

44 Psyczadl y~mkqcadcl y~gcqo ldd|hlha{mkghl dl jlak|$ Lce kzlggbdm ymkym~zk(jmpgdg oas{ sy~zakg|" dla y~mkqjqo dg s{mcj"py~mpgkzgo dmpa ha{mk| y~gc| z jblad{ah$ Ogj

dl`k| km{k szqjgo myg~clg l ~g{qdjq pa psy(y~gc| z y~moaj{gd{ghl pzm~dlc{pg ogjm oak|daogb{a~dg{|pla dg jmdjq~adc|od| y~mkqj{$

Kmn~a y~gj{|jl fgn~|jl hanbl44 Ymbsjg zgohqoa dg placla p|smjla czpg~({a hlaosca ogjm y~mkqcad{ hanbl$ Oakdgj p plj (szmcl dgsza ~h| {m ymkp|jmdgpc| y~gcqoc|dg ymks{gpla zbacgd|ce pzm~p$ Szjmkg" nm oas{ p {ao n~gd| kbg kasl`dq sza~mjla ymba kmymylsq$ Dlas{a{|" dgkgb dlaplaba ymbsjlce ~hhanbg~sjlce zgy~gszg km psyy~gc| y~mfasom(dgbd|ce" kmn~za y~z|`m{mpgd|ce y~moaj{gd{p$44 Oakad z dgopljsz|ce p Aq~myla l dg pla(cla y~mkqcad{p hanbl ^[G % mk gd`labsjla`m~agk|({m(gssahnba"cz|bl `m{mpa km zmadlg,"kqsjg ~hg [vlbqh(Scgdnl~j" z~az|`dmpgg jlb(jg bg{ {ahq z ymjgz|pgdlg spmlce y~mkqj{pdg {g~`gce hanbmp|ce dg ~zacz y~zah|bgda`mjmdcay{q {g~`p papd{~zd|ce$ _ghlgs{ jmsz({mpda`m ymz|sjlpgdlg jblad{p dg plabjlce{g~`gce" [vlbqh znqkmpg dlakq" gba ng~kzm

y~zao~z|s{ sla sy~zakgpcp mkymplakzlgbd|cezg ymszcza`bda j~goa l ~|djl$ P {~gjcla kpq{|(`mkdlmp|ce {g~`p q~zkzgd|ce p slakzlnla

~h|" zgy~gszgo mdl jblad{p dg oakdmkdlmpa

[ m k

k N ~ g c

e a ~ k

b g E g n

l { g {


8/48

95

ldk|plkqgbda sym{jgdlg" jmczca sl q~mcz|(s{ jmbgco$ Qdljg sl nazym~akdla`m sym{jgdlgjmdjq~qoc|ce ~h" cm sy~z|og dgplzgdlq nlz(dasmp|ce ~abgcol$ Cm ~mjq km Slbjanm~` y~z|oa(kg jlbjqsa{ ka{gbls{p z cga`m plg{g$ P mk(~dladlq mk plabjlce lhy~az p|s{gpladdlcz|ce"dg pgsd|ce {g~`gce [vlbqh {as{qoa dgodmpszay~moaj{| l y~m{m{|y|" j{~a p jlbjg {|`mkdl ymzgjmczadlq lhy~az| hm` n| pk~mmda kmy~mkqjcol" naz jmdlaczdmcl ymjgz|pgdlg lcesza~mjlao yqnblczdmcl" p {|h jmdjq~adcol$44 [vlbqh(Scgdnl~j lkzla kgbao$ Fl~hg" j{~aobplg cz y~mkqjcol %ymdgk 71 hlblmdp sz{qj hanbl ~mczdla, y~zazdgczmdg oas{ kbg kpce mk(nlm~cp `l`gd{p ka{gblczd|ce LJAG l O\SJ"s|s{ahg{|czdla y~gcqoa dgk pgsd jmbajco$Y~mkqjqoc kbg ldd|ce" fgn~|jg dmd(s{my ldpa(s{qoa p syacogbls{|czda hgsz|d| km pk~ggdlgdmp|ce {acedmbm`ll %dy$ mjbaogdla fmbl j~gp(kzl hanbg naz clclg" p|jm~z|s{gda p zdgdaosa~ll Gdanmkg kbg LJAG,$ Dgn|{a kmplgkczadlgl sy~z{ p|jm~z|s{qoa ydlao km {pm~zadlg pg(

sdao jmbajcol$ P {ad symsn ~mzplog {a dlakqanlq~m y~moaj{mpa p spmoao ~hla" p j{~|hzg{~qkdlg kmplgkczmd|ce y~moaj{gd{p pzm~(dlc{pg l {as{qoa dmpa ~mzplzgdlg dg hdlaoszsjgb$ Oas{ p s{gdla p cl`q jlbjq {|`mkdl p|(y~mkqjmpg y~m{m{|y| dlszmpa`m y~mkqj{qdg |czadla jblad{g %dy$ kbg ymbsjlao kqao slaclka{gblczdao Gn~g, l y~zaka psz|s{jlh sz|njm ~a(g`mpg dg ymy|{$

Kzl oq dla p|s{g~cz|

kmn~| jmdcay{ sjbayq"

plaa bm`m l hg~jg$

Gn| `ada~mpg p|sza

z|sjl p placla

pszacem`g~dlgocao

dgky~mkqjcol" ym{~zanda s

dgy~gpk kmn~a y~moaj{|$


9/48

9

Dlazp|jba cadda s plczadlg y~gj{|czda p ~q(ygce bqkzl m ~d|h p|jsz{gcadlq$ Qplgkghlg{m l qcz| jgk za s{~md" a dgplzgdla ymz|{|p(da`m klgbm`q oas{ jbqczah km pg~{mclmp|ce~mzplzg" j{~a hm` pg~gd{mpg ymps{gdlam~|`ldgbd|ce l jmdjq~adc|od|ce dg ~|djq y~m(kqj{p bqn qsq`$Dgop|ao mcadlgh zgoclg" dg j{~|ce p y~gj{|ca

sym{|jgo sl y~mfasomdgblcl z ~d|ce kzlakzldl ~mkmplsj y~gc|" ymkaohqoc psybdla zgkgd|{ahg{$ Dgqjg ymy~zaz y~gj{|j ymjgzqoa ymz|({|pda l da`g{|pda s{~md| jmdf~md{gcol mkhlad(d|ce ym`bkp zplzgd|ce z p|jmd|pgd|hzgpmkah$Lpmdg Sz|szjmp" Sceg{{kacm~ Sy$ z m$m$

P myldll s{qkad{p

Ng~kzm ym|{aczd| y~moaj{" j{~| kgoa hmblpmkmjsz{gcadlg syacogbls{p ~d|ce n~gd {gj"gn| qg{pl jmhqdljgco ; |plmp zggd`g(mpgd|ce p y~mcas ~mzpmoq dmpa`m y~mkqj{q?kasl`da~g" {acedmbm`g" kzlgq sy~zakg|" kzlgqhg~ja{ld`q$ P|n~gah S{qklqh" ymdlapg m~(`gdlzqoc pgsda y~zakslpzlcla `msymkg~czas{pla~kzlah" a ls{dlaoa plaba mnszg~p" p j{(

~|ce dg cm kzla p|pggh m{pg~{a k~zpl cz|mkj~|pgh Gha~|j$ Dgba| jm~z|s{g z pla(kz| ldd|ce kzlggdlg ld{qlc|oda" dgpa{ oabl sjq({aczda" zgohqo plcao czgsq" zgdlh y~z|dlmszghla~zmda afaj{|$Ogcaj Nqblsjl" y~mpgkzc| pgsd kzlggbdm `msym(kg~cz %Hanba Ceas{a~ abk,

Y~gcqo p Kayg~{ghadcla Hg~ja{ld`q l knghm {m" n| ymkdmsl plakz z zgj~asq ~mzpmoqy~mkqj{p" ngkg hg~ja{ld`mp|ce" g y~mym(dmpgda zgoclg mkymplgkgo hmlh ym{~zanmh$P|hlgdg kmplgkcza zgpmkmp|ce z ldd|hls{qkad{ghl py|pg dg afaj{|pdm hmoao y~g(c|" ymsza~zg em~|zmd{| h|bmpa$ Ymdgk{m" emn(n|s{|czdla zgohqo sl y~moaj{mpgdlah ~zacz|q|{jmp|ce l ceclggh zmngcz|" ogj p|`bkgy~mfasomdgbd| y~mcas y~moaj{mpgdlg$Jg{g~z|dg Sjlng" Vmbjspg`ad Ngdj Ymbsjg S$ G$

Y~gcqo dg s{gdmplsjq Jla~mpdljg Kzlgq ^mzpmoq$ Y~m`~gh S{qklqh oas{ s{pm~zmd| ymk h(jlpgdlg" s ymks{gp| hg~ja{ld`q" a~`mdmhlg" zg~zkzgdla y~moaj{ghl" symsmn| l ~kg ymz|sjlp~mkjp dgdsmp|ce dg ~mzpo dmp|ce y~mkqj{p$ Szcza`bdla ld{a~asqoa hdla zka~zadla pgsdkmplgkczadlg %zkmn|{a`m p cl`q bg{ y~gc|, z {am~l l y~gj{|j ldd|ce msn$ _goclg ymzpgb(zqhla" ogjl oas{ {mj h|badlg p kzlgba hg~ja{ld`q" dgdsmp|h" p~k y~moaj{gd{p l{k$ Plakz{q zkmnk" yms{g~gh sl p|jm~z|s{g p y~gc|$Kg~lqsz Szqna~{" @gha{ S$G$

Dgong~kzlao ld{a~asqoca s kbg hdla zgoclg dg{ahg{ kasl`dq m~gz zgoclg z m~`gdlzgcol y~m(casq l zgsgk y~moaj{mpgdlg$ Y~gcqo p n~gd|kajm~gcol pd{~z l ceclgn|h spmoa czs{m ld({qlc|oda kzlggdlg my~za dg zgsgkgce s{pm(~zmd|ce y~zaz y~gj{|jp kzlggoc|ce p {aohg{a~ll$Ygpa Sz|hgsjl" Ba~m| Ha~bld Ymbsjg Sy$ z m$m$

_goclg S{qklqh y~mpgkzmda s p {~|nla zgmczd|h" p fm~hla zogzkp cm > {|`mkdla" p smnm{l dlakzlaba$


13/48

73

Gddg Blsjlaplcz" Hg~aj Blsjlaplcz

Oakdm p|dljg z k~q`la`m" lkaa sl y~zadljgo" cz p dmpa sads|" czgsah p|(

jbqczgo$ ^mzhmp|" gdgblz|" ymszqjlpgdlg" hla~zadla pgsd|ce sl$ Y~moaj{jmdcayc|od| {m ymcz{aj kq`la`m l sjmhybljmpgda`m cl`q kzlgg y~moaj({mp|ce$ [q y~moaj{gd{ dla hma zms{g sgh$ Nm kmn~za zgcz" zdgcz| baylaosjmcz|$

44 Y~n y~z|nbladlg ymoclg y~moaj{qjmdcayc|oda`m pcemkzca`m p y~mcas y~m( oaj{mpgdlg y~mkqj{q ymplddm sl zgcz mksy~ac|zmpgdlg jlbjq jbqczmp|ce ymo$ L {gj"y~moaj{mpgdla {m mnh|bgdla zhlgd|" {m p|mn~g(gdla smnla {a`m" cza`m oaszcza dla hg" {m p|h|(bgdla y~z|sz|ce s{gdp ~zacz|$ Y~moaj{mpgdlajmdcayc|oda s{gdmpl ymcz{jmp fgz y~mcasqy~moaj{mpgdlg" p j{~ao dgs{yqoa `ada~gcogl sabajcog ymh|sp y~azad{mpgd|ce p yms{gclszjlcp" hmkabl ygsjlce l y~zas{~zadd|ce m~gzhmkabl c|f~mp|ce$44 Dg{mhlgs{ y~moaj{mpgdla y~mkqj{q {m y~m(cas y~moaj{mpgdlg hdlao bqn ng~kzlao zmmd|cemnlaj{p {acedlczd|ce" p|{pg~zgd|ce y~zazy~zah|s" j{~|ce p|h|badla l y~z|`m{mpgdlakm y~mkqjcol p|hg`g mk y~moaj{gd{g pzm~dlc({pg y~zah|smpa`m hlkz| ldd|hl plakz| {ace(dlczdao" qhmblplgocao hq cls psyy~gc zasyacogbls{ghl z zgj~asq jmds{~qjcol l p|{pg~zg(dlg$44 Y~moaj{mpgdla y~mkqj{q oas{ czclzdgczdla sza~sza`m y~mcasq" zdgda`m ymk dg(zp y~mcasq ~mzpmoq dmpa`m y~mkqj{q" j{~|pakq` dgoy~ms{szao za zdgd|ce ka dlcol oas{zk|sc|ybldmpgd|h l zka dlmpgd|h znlm~ahy~zakslpzl l j~mjp qhmblplgoc|h ~hlay~zajsz{gcgdla ahn~lmdgbd|ce lkal p y~mkqj{|bqn qsq`l sy~zakgda %K$ Cqffg~m"Y~mcass" Hg({a~lgbs" gdk Hagsq~ahad{s,$ Y~mcas {ad kzlabmd|dg {~z| zgsgkdlcza fgz|? ybgdmpgdla y~mkqj{q"

Y~moaj{ jmdcayc|od|

y~moaj{mpgdla m~gz y~mkqjco l sy~zakg" mj~abghlaosca y~moaj{mpgdlg y~mkqj{q" g {|h sgh|hymba zggd`gmpgdlg y~moaj{gd{p pzm~dlc{pgy~zah|smpa`m$44 Fgzg y~moaj{mpgdlg y~mkqj{q oas{ zgzp|(czgo y~mcasah zmmd|h" kq`m{~pg|h" p|hg(`goc|h zggd`gmpgdlg sym~ao `~qy| syacogbl(s{p$ Mcz|plcla" plaba zgba| mk {a`m" z ogjlhy~mkqj{ah hgh| km cz|dladlg$ Oaabl ymhldlah|sj~goda y~z|ygkjl y~moaj{mpgdlg" ogj dy$ mygjm(pgdlg dg hgjg~md z oakdao s{~md|" g sghmcekcz| sghmbm{ z k~q`lao" {m hmdg y~z|o" l y~m(cas y~moaj{mpgdlg ~akdlm zggpgdsmpgda`my~mkqj{q y~zanla`g pakq` y~zaks{gplmda`mdlao sceahg{q?

Jmbaod| sceahg{ y~zaks{gplg hmkab eg~hmdm(`~ghq y~gc y~moaj{mp|ce l pk~madlmp|ce" p|(jm~z|s{|pgd| y~z| mjgzol sjgkgdlg y~zaz ~hy~moaj{mp mfa~{| psyy~gc| za zbacadlmkgpc$Qpz`bkdlg md cg| sza~a` kzlgg syacogbls{p

y~moaj{ jmdcayc|od|

y~moaj{ ps{yd|

y~moaj{ jmcmp|

dgkz~ dgk pk~madlah


14/48

7;

%jmds{~qj{m~p" {acedmbm`p" y~gcmpdljpy~mkqjcol l hg~ja{ld`q, kzlggoc|ce z ~ghladlg

~h| y~mkqjc|odao" j{~z| psybdla z y~moaj{gd({ghl {pm~z zasy y~moaj{mp|" mkymplakzlgbd|zg y~zanla` y~gc y~moaj{mp|ce l pk~madlmp|celddmpgcol$44 Jgk| a{gy y~moaj{mpgdlg y~mkqj{q p~d|h s{mydlq gd`gqoa czmdjp zasymqlddmpgc|oda`m$ _gsgkdlczm oak|dla syacogblclkzlgq hg~ja{ld`q" m j{~|h sl hpl" a mk(ymplgkg zg py~mpgkzadla lddmpgcol dg ~|daj"y~azad{qo p|smjl s{myla gj{|pdmcl ymkczgscga`m y~mcasq$ Qkzlg y~zaks{gplclabl ymzm(s{g|ce k|sc|ybld zgba| mk ceg~gj{a~q l s{mydlgjmhybljgcol dmpa`m y~mkqj{q$44 Ogj y~zaks{gplmdm dg sceahgcla y~moaj{jmdcayc|od| oas{ afaj{ah yla~psza`m a{gyq y~m(casq y~moaj{mpgdlg y~mkqj{q" p oa`m ymps{gdlqkmhldqoc ~mb mk`~|pgo y~moaj{gdcl$ [gj dg(y~gpk" oas{ {m czgs pzgoahda`m ymzdgpgdlgsl" qz`gkdlgdlg l ~mzqhladlg ~mbl l zgj~asq jmh(ya{adcol ymszcza`bd|ce czmdjp ld{a~k|sc|(ybldg~da`m zasymq y~moaj{mpa`m$ clsg psy(y~gcg dg {|h a{gyla oas{ oakd|h z ls{m{d|cecz|ddljp kac|kqoc|ce m ympmkzadlq cga`my~zakslpzlclg" qhmblplg nmplah y~moaj{gd({mh y~zay~mpgkzadla km`ndao gdgblz| syac|(

jgcol" zgymzdgdla sl z pg~qdjghl y~mkqjc|o(d|hl zbacadlmkgpc| m~gz oa`m mczajlpgdlghlcm km cace dmpa`m y~mkqj{q cz| ybgdmpgdao

ymz|col dg ~|djq$44 Kbg y~moaj{gd{g y~mkqj{q ymcz{aj a{gyqjmdcayc|oda`m pla sl `pdla z `~mhgkza(dlah ldfm~hgcol z hmblpla ~d|ce ~ka$ Ldfm~(hgcoa p yms{gcl fm{m`~g l" dm{g{aj" p|j~aspl{y$ s{gdmpl cadda ~km ldsyl~gcol kbg dmp|cejmdcaycol m~gz {m kbg lce ydlaosz|ce plzqgblzg(col$ Kzlggdlg {a hgo szcza`bda zdgczadla p s|({qgcol" `k| y~moaj{gdcl ymkaohqo psyy~gcz dmp|h" dla{|ymp|h kbg dlce mnszg~ah p|({p~czmcl$ P|dljl ngkg s ymks{gp km sfm~(hqmpgdlg zgma y~moaj{mp|ce ka dlqoc|ce`pda jla~qdjl y~gc|" ymhg`go mj~abl fqdj (coa" {acedmbm`la m~gz p|`bk dmpa`m y~mkqj{q$44 Ym p|y~gcmpgdlq ogsda`m mn~gzq cabq~mzymcz|dgo sl y~gca dgk jmdcayco y~mkqj ({q$ Nlm~c ymk qpg` as{a{|j" fqdjcomdgbdm"{acedmbm`l m~gz jmsz{| y~mkqjcol" my~gcmpqoasl fm~h l g~cel{aj{q~ %symsn ymcza l zg(sgk psykzlggdlg abahad{p fqdjcomdgbd|cemnlaj{q,$ A{gy jmdcayc|od| y~moaj{q oas{ oak|d|hhmhad{ah" jlak| hmblpg oas{ sza~mjg ajsybm(~gcog ~d|ce ymkao l dla{|ymp|ce ~mzplzgs{gplgda`m y~mnbahq$ K|sjqsoa y~moaj{gd{gz ldd|hl czmdjghl zasymq dg {ahg{ sza~a`qkms{yd|ce ~mzplzg y~mpgkz km p|mdladlgdgong~kzlao my{|hgbd|ce kbg kgda`m jblad{g" j{(~| p {|h hmhadcla zgcz|dg plkzla y~mkqj{l lkad{| jmpg sl z dmp|h pk~madlah$ Czs{mdg {|h a{gyla kmcemkzl km jm~aj{ syac| jgcol

_BACADLMKGPCG

y~gca dgk ps{ydkmjqhad{gco {acedlczd

y~gca dgk p|jmdgpczkmjqhad{gco {acedlczd

y~gca pk~madlmpa

y~z|`m{mpgdla y~mkqjcol

C_GS

u {|`

u {|`

u {|`

ymkylsgdla qhmp| m psyy~gc|

zgjmczadla a{gyq y~moaj{q jmdcayc|oda`m

zgjmczadla a{gyq y~moaj{q ps{yda`m

zgjmczadla a{gyq y~moaj{q jmcmpa`m

zgjmczadla a{gyq dgkzm~q gq{m~sjla`m dgk pk~madlah

~mzymczcla y~mkqjcol

FL^HG Y^MOAJ[MPG

y~gca a{gyq y~moaj{qjmdcayc|oda`m

y~gca a{gyq y~moaj{qps{yda`m

y~gca a{gyq y~moaj{qjmcmpa`m

jm~aj{|


15/48

71

y~mkqcad{g" y~mpgkzmda s ~mzhmp| m q|clqdmp|ce {acedmbm`ll" hg{a~lgp" ymszqjlpgdlqdlsz ~|djmp|ce$ [gj dgy~gpk" {ad dlak~m`l p~agblzgcol a{gy lhybljqoa jmsz{| y~moaj{q l y~m(kqjcol" cad y~mkqj{q m~gz kq`m oa`m |clg$Dg ymzlmhla ~mzpmoq lkal zgygkgo fqdkghad({gbda kac|zoa" dla {|bjm m p|`bkzla mnlaj{q" gbay~zaka psz|s{jlh m oa`m ~abgcogce y~zas{~zad(d|ce" papd{~zd|ce y~mym~cogce" hg{a~lggce"{acedmbm`ll y~mkqjcol l{k$ P {ad symsn jmd(caycog s{goa sl jbqczmp czcl cga`m y~mcasqy~moaj{mpgdlg$ Psz|s{jm" cm kzlaoa sl ydlao" oas{ jla~mpgda y~zaz dl l hqsl oao mkymplgkg$A{gy jmdcayc|od| y~mcasq y~moaj{mpgdlg jm(cz| sl y~azad{gco kpce bqn {~zace y~mymz|(col ~mzplzg" y~zaks{gplgd|ce zbacadlmkgpc|p yms{gcl ~|sqdjp y~azad{gc|od|ce l hmkabl

z|czd|ce$ P|dljl y~gc| y~moaj{gd{p mcadlg(da s y~zaz zbacadlmkgpc l s{gdmpl ymks{gpy~z| p|zdgczadlg jla~qdjq kgbsz|ce y~gc dgklddmpgco$44 Ogjm a ymks{gpmp lka y~mcasq y~moaj ({mpgdlg y~mkqj{q oas{ y~gcg zasymmpg" g pcza(

sdg lkad{| jgcog nkp y~moaj{mp|ce oas{hmblpg oak|dla ymy~zaz jmdsqb{gco zghla~zay~moaj{gd{g z ymzms{g|hl czmdjghl zasymqlddmpgc|oda`m" dlazp|jao pg`l dgnla~g {q{gosy~gpd| y~zay|p y~ac|z|od|ce y~zajgzp %ld(fm~hgcol, dg {ahg{ y~mymdmpgd|ce ~mzplzg$44 A{gy jmdcayc|od| mya~qoa kms| syac|(

czd|h znlm~ah {acedlj l symsmnp plzqgblzg(col" qhmblplgoc|ce {gj jmhqdljgco$ Lce kmn~zgba| mk ldk|plkqgbd|ce qhlao{dmcl l y~afa(~adcol y~moaj{gd{g$ Dgba| oakdgj yghl{g" afm~hg l ogjm hg{a~lgq plzqgbda`m y~zajgkgsl zgpsza dg y~ac|zo jmhqdljg{q$ Cemclgzkg~zg sl cm~gz czclao" a dg pczasd|h a{gylay~moaj{mpgdlg y~azad{mpgda s czgsm( l y~g(cmcemdda hmkaba l ~adka~ld`l jmhyq{a~mpa3K" {|ympa kbg ydlaosz|ce a{gyp" {m oakdgj ~mzskaj y~zahgplg zg szjlcghl" ~|sqdjghl mk(~czd|hl m~gz hmkabghl z|czd|hl$ Pg~{m zg(qpg|" a sy~gpda mya~mpgdla ~|sqdjlah kgoay~moaj{gd{mpl hmblpm ~mzyg{~|pgdlg kqmpljszao blczn| ym{adcogbd|ce ~mzplzg" cm cz|(dl `m kqm ng~kzlao j~ag{|pd|h m~gz qg{plg

Y l a ~ p s z a s z

j l c a

j m d c a y c |

o d a


16/48

76

nazym~akdl jmhqdljgco z czmdjghl zasymqy~moaj{mpa`m$ Mcz|pls{|h p|kgoa sl" a kzljlymjgzgdlq hmkabq z|czda`m %dgpa{ qy~msz(czmda`m, lkag dmpa`m y~mkqj{q hma msl`d~zacz|pls{a {~z| p|hlg~|" l a oak|dla {gjg fm~hgy~azad{gcol qhmblplg zg~pdm y~moaj{gd{mpl" ogj l jblad{mpl y~gpkzlp mcad y~moaj{q$ Oak(dgj p s|{qgcol" `k| pz`bk| ajmdmhlczda hgospmo pg`" {m y~zaks{gpladlg gdgbm`mpa %szjl(ca l ~|sqdjl y~azad{gc|oda >K m~gz qy~mszczmdahmkaba z|czda, s cl`ba dgo{gsz|h l dgosz|n(sz|h symsmnah plzqgblzmpgdlg jmdcaycol y~m( oaj{mp|ce$44 Dg zgjmczadla mhplh| oaszcza oakdsy~gp" szcza`bdla ls{m{d p ymcz{jmp|cea{gygce y~moaj{mpgdlg$ Ablhldgcog ym{adcogbd|cey~mnbahp zplzgd|ce z y~mkqjco bqn zn|{ahy~mkqj{q dgjgkg dg y~moaj{gd{g mnmplzaj ~mzpggdlg py|pq oa`m kac|zol dg ymzms{gaa{gy| y~mcasq ~mzpmoq dmpa`m y~mkqj{q$ [mmzdgczg hlkz| ldd|hl" a p y~zaclplas{plakm p|mn~ga plabq ~mkzlh|ce y~mkqcad{p"~mbg y~moaj{gd{g dla hma n| m`~gdlczgdg p|(czdla km ka dlmpgdlg pg~{mcl as{a{|czd|celddmpgcol$ Plabmba{dla kmplgkczadlg ymjgzqo"a szgdsg dg m`~gdlczadla cga`m y~mcasq ~mz(pmoq dmpa`m y~mkqj{q km clba zgybgdmpg(d|ce a{gyp %naz jmdlaczdmcl lce ymp{g~zgdlgcz| jm~aj{," g {|h sgh|h hldlhgblzgcog apad{q(gbd|ce s{~g{ jblad{g" oas{ hmblpg oak|dla p{ak|"`k| y~moaj{gd{" ymczpsz| mk yla~psz|ce ym(h|sp ym ms{g{aczda ~mzplzgdla" qpz`bkdlgpsz|s{jla cz|ddljl kac|kqoca dla {|bjm m ylj (dla mnlaj{q" gba ~pdla m cacegce" j{~a cz|dl`m q|{aczd|h" hmblp|h km p|y~mkqjmpgdlgl sy~zakgpgdlg$ J~{jm hplc" {~qkdm kzl

m sqjcas ~|djmp| y~mkqj{q y~moaj{mpgda`my~zaz jm`m" j{m dla ~mzpgg gsyaj{p {ace(dlczd|ce" hacegdlczd|ce" hg{a~lgmp|ce" {ace(dmbm`lczd|ce lddmpgcol" kbg jm`m hmblpmcly~mkqjc|oda y~zakslnlm~s{pg" jmsz{| ldpas{|(col" zgym{~zanmpgdla ~|djq" symsmn| {~gdsym~{q"q{|blzgcol l{y$ s p|czdla y~mnbahghl jblad{g$

Hg~aj Blsjlaplcz p|`msl p|jgk dg {ahg{ y~m( oaj{q jmdcayc|oda`m ymkczgs LLL Jmdfa~adcol Jbq(nq Y~zakslnlm~cp p LPY oasladl >995 ~mjq$

Dg ymzlmhla ~mzpmoq lkal

zgygkgo fqdkghad{gbda

kac|zoa" dla {|bjm m

p|`bkzla mnlaj{q" gba

y~zaka psz|s{jlh m oa`m

~abgcogce y~zas{~zadd|ce"

papd{~zd|ce y~mym~cogce"

hg{a~lggce" {acedmbm`ll

y~mkqjcol l{k$ P {ad symsn

jmdcaycog s{goa sl jbqczmp

czcl cga`m y~mcasq

y~moaj{mpgdlg$ Psz|s{jm"

cm kzlaoa sl ydlao" oas{jla~mpgda y~zaz dl l hqsl

oao mkymplgkg$

S { | ~ m y

l g d m p | h m k a b

n ~ | |

7 ? 7

^ | s q d a

j y ~ a z a d

{ g c |

o d |

> K


17/48

70

Syacogbdla kbg czmdjp Jbqnq m~`gdlzqoah|jmdfa~adcoa {ahg{|czda" dg j{~a zgy~gszgdl sdgop|szao jbgs| ajsya~cl z Ymbsjl l zg`~gdlc|"m nm`g{ao plakz| l lhymdqoc|h km~mnjq zgpm(kmp|h$ Km {ao ym~| `mclblh| hlkz| ldd|hlp|nl{d|ce y~moaj{gd{p ymbsjlce Hg~jg Gkgh(czapsjla`m" Ogdqszg Jgdlapsjla`m [mhgszg^qkjlaplczg" Hg~jg Blsjlaplczg m~gz Jg{e~|dNas{" syacogbls{j Kasl`d Hgdgàhad{ z PlabjlaoN~|{gdll$

Y~m`~gh Jbqnq Y~zakslnlm~c| >995->99< {mzghjdl{| c|jb lhy~az" j{~|ce {ahg{ah y~za(pmkdlh oas{Pzm~dlc{pm ogjm abahad{ pz~ms{qjmdjq~adc|odmcl ~h$ P >99< ~mjq zgy~gszg(h| dg 3 Jmdfa~adcoa ymplcmda jmbaod|h a{g(ymh pk~ggdlg dmpa`m y~moaj{q pzm~dlcza`m"{o$ y~m{m{|ympgdlq l hmkabmpgdlq %za szcza`b(d|h qpz`bkdladlah ~gylk y~m{m{|yld`," jmsz({m~|smpgdlq y~moaj{q ps{yda`m m~gz y~z|`m{m(pgdlq y~moaj{q jmcmpa`m$

LV JJY 71$9;$>9999 bg{ p n~gd| y~moaj{mpgdlg p g~cel{aj{q~za" y~moaj{mpgdlq pd{~z" pl~{q(

gbd|h y~moaj{mpgdlq ~mkmplsjg m~gz ogjm km(~gkcg p sy~gpgce hg~jl$ N|gh plgkmhg ~dlcymhlkz| y~gc dgqjmp g y~gc p y~zah|ba"

Kasl`d hgdgàhad{ s{gsl plkmczd|

^mzhmpg z Jg{e~|d Nas{" gq{m~j nas{sabba~g Kasl`d Hgdgàhad{


19/48

79

Msmn| ~ay~azad{qoca ldda k|sc|ybld|" ~dlcasl ym`bkghl" hm` zmngcz|" ogjl pjgk pdm(sz p cgm {a`m y~mcasq$ Y~gj{|jqoc| y~moaj ({gdcl jm~z|s{go z dlao ymkczgs sym{jg z jblad({ghl" gn| zgy~azad{mpg jmdj~a{da y~z|jgk|y~gc| y~moaj{mpao m~gz sgh y~mcas l dgobayszay~gj{|jl p y~moaj{mpgdlq$ Ymdlapg p qjgkzlajsljl mknlog sl s{~qj{q~g y~mcasq zg~zkcza(`m p y~moaj{mpgdlq" ymhg`g mdg p m`bd|hz~mzqhladlq {a`m y~mcasq" g p ~azqb{gcla kgoamjgzo km zgkgpgdlg y|{g dg {ahg{ pgsd|cekzlgg l y~moaj{p$44 Mkplagoca kbg hdla oas{ {m" ogj p zg(ngpd| symsn p|jgkmpc| l s{qkadcl jm~z|s{goz hmoao jsljl$ S|szggh els{m~la" a s{qkadclmka`~gbl jgk| z 75 ym`bkp dg kasl`d hg(dgàhad{ y~zaks{gplmd|ce p jslca %p cz(cl y~z|{gczgocao myldla msn dgbac|ce km~d|ce j~`p àm`~g czd|ce" jqb{q~mp|ce"~ay~azad{qoc|ce ~da k|sc|ybld| l zgpmk|,$S{qkadcl cz|{go" ~mzqhlao" kmplgkczgo l mk(`~|pgo ~da ~mba p {~gjcla kang{| dg {ahg{qzqyadlgoc|ce sl l sy~zaczd|ce za smn s|s{a(hp y~zajmdg$

44 Kasl`d Hgdgàhad{ zms{gdla y~za{qhg(czmd| dg oz|j ymbsjl l p|kgd| y~zaz y~as{lmpap|kgpdlc{pm YPD pa psyy~gc| z Lds{|{q{ahp ygkzla~dljq$ Nkzla {m plmkc| ymk~czdljkbg s{qklqh ymk|ybmhmpa`m LPY$ Ogj mcadlgszy~m`~gh s{qklqh" p Ymbsca {m dmpg{m~sjl jla~q(daj" y~zacla~gh| szbgj$44 Y~m`~gh jq~sq oas{ ng~kzm ajsc|{qoc|l ghnl{d|$ Qhlaszczg md pzm~dlc{pm p jmd({ajcla m~`gdlzgc|od|ce" dgdsmp|ce l y~gp(d|ce gsyaj{p lddmpgc|od|ce y~moaj{p$ Km({|jg ~pdla ~abgcol ymhlkz| y~moaj{mpgdlahg hg~ja{ld`lah" jmdsqhad{ghl l ~|djlah" ha({mkghl ngkgpcz|hl l y~mcasah y~moaj{mpgdlg"jmdjq~adc|od s{~g{a`l m~gz ~mzpmoah dmp|cey~mkqj{p$ Hpl m {|h" ogj kmn~a zg~zkzgdlap y~moaj{mpgdlq s{gdmpl ymks{gpmp| jmhym(dad{ sqjcasq y~moaj{q m~gz y~zakslnlm~s{pg$Gnsmbpadcl {a`m jq~sq hm` hla zdgczca mk(kzlg|pgdla dg msymkg~j ymbsj m~gz bmngbd"l zgohmpg p|smjla s{gdmplsjg p y~z|szmcl$Clasz sl" a hmog jsljg zms{gdla p|jm~z|s{g(dg ogjm ymk~czdlj dg {|h jq~sla ymhma mdgs{qkad{mh z~mzqhla s{~g{a`l" y~mcas l ~agblzg(co kmn~a`m kasl`d hgdgàhad{$

44 Kasl`d Hgdgàhad{ oas{ oakd z dgobaylaosy~zakgpgd|ce ymz|col ymplcmd|ce kasl`dhgdgàhad{$ Cm o p|~dlg dg {ba ldd|ce=

Jsljl dg {ahg{ kasl`d hgdgàhad{ dgoczclaoylsgbl dgqjmpc| nkc| czcl sza~szao sym(aczdmcl ngkgcz| pzm~dlc{pg$ ^mzpo ~a ajsoldgk pzm~dlc{pah p Plabjlao N~|{gdll hg nm`g({ els{m~l %dy$ y~gcg N~qcag G~cea~g p ^m|gbCmbbaà mf G~{ p bg{gce 69$ km{|czcg ngkgdlgmyg~{a`m dg y~gj{|ca m~gz ngkgdlg ymy~zaz y~m( oaj{mpgdla,$ Symaczdm gjgkahlcjg zgohqocgsl kasl`d hgdgàhad{ m~gz s{msmpgda y~zazdl j~|{a~lg s nblao zplzgda z ha{mkghl ng(kg gjgkahlcjlce dl z y~gj{|j y~moaj{mpgdlg$J~{jm hplc" mknlm~c| pczadlaosz|ce yqnbl(jgcol {m ~mkmplsjm gjgkahlcjla$44 Hmog jsljg y~zazdgczmdg oas{ kbg ldda(`m ~mkzgoq cz|{abdljp" kbg s{qkad{p" dgqcz|(clabl" p|jgkmpcp" msn y~mpgkzc|ce jq~s|

m~gz y~gj{|jqoc|ce p kzlakzldla y~moaj{mpgdlg%y~moaj{mpgdla y~mkqj{p" pan kasl`d" y~moaj ({mpgdla `~g czda" pzm~dlc{pm y~zah|smpa"y~moaj{mpgdla pd{~z m~gz g~cel{aj{q~g,$ P cm(~gz sza~sz|h zgj~asla zgcz|dgo sl km dlao ~p(dla y~zajmd|pg s{qkadcl HNG" nlzdashadlm~gz hgdgà~mpla p n~gdgce {p~cz|ce$44 Kasl`d Hgdgàhad{ sq| ~pdla ld(dahq cabmpl hg s{g sl ld{a~k|sc|ybldg~d|hdg~zkzlah dgqczgdlg$ Hpl m {|h" ogj qz|sjg

Mnacdla n~gj dg ymbsjlh ~|djq ymz|colzgohqocao sl p {gj jmhybajsmp|symsn zg`gkdladlghl ~mzpmoq

dmpa`m y~mkqj{q z yqdj{q plkzadlg{p~c| y~moaj{q$ Fm~hqg jsljl oas{ dmpmczasdg" kzljl qjgkmpll fm~hla `~g czdao g{pg p mknlm~za kbgcz|{abdljp$ P jmd{ajcla `bmngblzgcol~|djq cadd|h pgbm~ah oas{ ymjgzgdlazg`gkdla zg~zkzgdlg y~mkqj{ahpzm~dlcz|h dg y~z|jgkgce ~h"y~mkqj{p l y~moaj{gd{p z cga`m

plg{g$ k~ Lpmdg Ygbczapsjg" LPY


21/48

>7

M yqnbljgcol?Jg{e~|d Nas{ y~moaj{gd{jg" g~cel{aj{ pd{~z"p|jgkmpcg Kasl`d Hgdgàhad{ Qdlva~sl{|Cmbbaà fm~ {ea C~ag{lva G~{s p Plabjlao N~|{gdllymplcg sp jslj y~mnbahg{|ca zg~zkzgdlgpzm~dlc{pah$ Y~gcg gk~asmpgdg oas{ km s{qkad({p l gnsmbpad{p pzm~dlc{pg" j{~|ce ld{a~a(sqoa y~gj{|czda zgs{msmpgdla dgn|{ao p czgslas{qklp {am~a{|czdao plakz|$ S{~qj{q~g yqnbljg(col mnaohqoa kzlg|? s{~g{a`lg l ~mzpo dmpa`my~mkqj{q" zg~zkzgdla y~mcasah y~moaj{mpgdlgm~gz y~gj{|jg kasl`dq$44 Ymszcza`bda ~mzkzlg| kms{g~czgo pla(kz| dg {ahg{ ~mbl s{~g{a`ll y~mkqj{q kbg sqjcasq~|djmpa`m ~h| l zgpla~go jmhyba{da ldfm~(hgcoa z kzlakzld| {am~ll y~mkqj{q" kasl`d hgdg(àhad{q" p|ogdlgo ~mb hg~ja{ld`q l ~ajbgh|p y~mcasla zg~zkzgdlg y~mkqj{ah$

44 Mhgplgda y~mnbah| lbqs{~mpgda s y~z|(jgkghl kzlggbdmcl ~h" j{~a mkdlms| sqjcas~|djmp|" ~agblzqoc sjq{aczd ymbl{|j zg~z(kzgdlg pzm~dlc{pah ogj dy$ Gyyba cz| lYmk$Gq{m~jg y~z|{gczg {gja p|plgk| z czmmp|hly~moaj{gd{ghl mkzpla~clakbgoca lce ha{mk|jy~moaj{mpgdlg$ Jsljg zgpla~g nm`g{ nlnblm(`~g y~zakhlm{q" {ahg{|czd| p|jgz czgsmylshm~gz smpdlj {a~hldmbm`lczd|$

Y~ahla~g jsljl Jg{e~|d Nas{Kasl`dHgdgàhad{ p oz|jq ymbsjlh mkn(kzla sl p ygkzla~dljq >99< dgjgkahp|kgpdlc{pg YPD$ Yg~{da~ah ymbsjla(`m p|kgdlg oas{ Lds{|{q{ Pzm~dlc{pgY~zah|smpa`m$

m`bd| mn~gz ha{mk" y~mcasp m~gz bqkzl p ka(sl`d hgdgàhad{ l {qhgcz|" ogj p ymbl{|czd|ce~ghgce n~gd| py~mpgkzl ymh|s dg ~|daj$_a pz`bkq dg spmoa z~dlcmpgdla jsljg hgkq pg~{m$ [m dgobaylao sy~zakgocg sl ym(z|cog km{|czcg kasl`d hgdgàhad{ pszaceczgsp$ Km{|ceczgs zms{gg y~za{qhgczmdg dg5 oz|jp$ Sy~gplg" a bqkzla ng~kzlao zgld{a(~asmpgbl sl {|h {ahg{ah$ Sy~gplg" a kasl`dhgdgàhad{ s{g sl plkmczd|$ M{pla~g hmbl(pmcl n|clg lddmpgc|od|h" ymdlapg zgy~gszgkm pczadlg sl p k|sjq~s$ Oas{ ldjbqz|odg" g dlaajsjbqz|pdg$ Ymy~zaz zp~cadla qpg`l dg ka(sl`d hgdgàhad{ yqnbljgcog {g y~zasqpg `~g(dlca l ymsza~zg hmblpmcl kms{yda kbg dgszaokzlakzld| ogjm cgmcl$

44 [pmog jsljg oas{ yljd|h mnlaj{ah44 Kzljqo$ [m" cm ymplah" p|kgoa sl mcz|(pls{a" gba jsljg m y~moaj{mpgdlq ymplddg n|yljdla zgy~moaj{mpgdg$ Cz|{abdlc| kmcadlgo oaofm~hg{" qjgk" symsn ym~qszgdlg sl ymhlkz|czclghl" s{~qj{q~ m~gz {~a$ Oas{ qym~zk(jmpgdg p {gjl symsn" n| jgk| h` p|n~gpgsda ymkaocla l jm~z|s{g z jsljl p symsnsyadlgoc| oa`m ym{~zan|$ S{~qj{q~gKasl`d Hg(dgàhad{ mkzpla~clakbg y~mcas h|badlg p y~m( oaj{mpgdlq m~gz zg~zkzgdlq$ Oas{ {m y~gpkzlp|g~{afgj{ y~moaj{mpgdlg$

%my~gc$ Lzgnabg Ogslsjg,


22/48

>>

_gba{| jmdjq~smpa`m {~|nq ymz|sjgdlg y~moaj{p pzm~dlcz|ce kbgy~zah|sq s mcz|pls{a$ Nazsym~d| oas{ fgj{" a jmdjq~s" py~mpgkzgochacegdlzh pmbdao jmdjq~adcol" oas{ ymz|{|pd|h hacegdlzhah ~|djm(p|h$ [gjl jmdjq~s mk ymcz{jq oas{ fm~h psyy~gc| nlzdasmpao hl(kz| zghgplgoc|h g y~moaj{gd{ah" mcz|pls{a oas{ plc" a mnq s{~mdmh

hqsl md y~z|dla jm~z|cl$ L y~z|dmsl" l {m dlahga" ymk pg~qdjlah s{msmpg(dlg sl km zgsgk l kmn~|ce y~gj{|j$

Jmdjq~s" p j{~|hjgk| p|`~|pg

Lpmdg Ygbczapsjg" k|~aj{m~ Ngkg l ^mzpmoq LPYlpmdg]ygbczapsjgIlpy$cmh$yb

44 Hlkz|dg~mkmpg gkg S{mpg~z|sza Y~m( oaj{gd{p Pzm~dlc{pg Y~zah|smpa`m %LCSLK" Ld{a~dg{lmdgb Cmqdclb mf Smcla{as mf Ldkqs{~lgbKasl`d, p|kgg m`bd| znl~ kmjqhad{pgk~asmpgd| km m~`gdlzg{m~p" yg{~mdpl qczas{dljp jmdjq~sp pzm~dlcz|ce mylsqo(c| ~a`qbghld| l p|{|czda$ Jmdjq~s| hm` plcy~z|ohmpg ~d yms{g g szcza`mpa ~mz(plzgdlg m~`gdlzgc|oda zgba mk plabq qpg(~qdjmpg$ Dgopgdlaosz| oas{ cab$44 Oaabl cabah jmdjq~sq oas{ ymz|sjgdladmp|ce n|sjm{blp|ce ymh|sp" spmnmkd|celkal l jmdcaycol pzm~dlcz|ce" ppczgs sy~gpkzgsl fm~hqg jmdjq~sq m{pg~{a`m gk~asmpg(da`m km ogj dgosza~sza`m `~mdg ym{adcogbd|ceqczas{dljp$ ^a`qbghld jmdjq~sq y~zaplkqoazp|jba oakd bqn jlbjg dg`~k kbg zp|clzcp"gba ymzg dg`~mk yladld bqn ~zaczmp m~`g(dlzg{m~ dla `pg~gd{qoa dy$ pk~madlg ymh|sq"zgjqyq y~gp gq{m~sjlce cz| ymkylsgdlg qhmp|blcadc|odao cz| {gd{lahmpao" nm l fm~hg y~zak(s{gplgd|ce y~moaj{p dla kgoa m~`gdlzg{m~mpl

ymks{gp km ymkoclg kac|zol m y~mkqjcol s{m zp|jba y~moaj{| jmdcayc|oda bqn zgbakplaymh|s| cz| lkaa$ Y~z|`m{mpgdla y~mfasomdgbdaokmjqhad{gcol pzm~dlczao l yada`m y~moaj{q {mympgda y~zakslpzlcla nlzdasmpa kbg y~moaj ({gd{g l oa`m jmsz{ plabmj~m{dla y~zaj~gczg jpm({ dg`~k p jmdjq~sgce m{pg~{|ce$44 Oaabl oakdgj cabah jmdjq~sq oas{ ymz|(sjgdla ~zacz|pls{a`m y~moaj{q pzm~dlcza`m kmpk~madlg l dgplzgdla psyy~gc| z y~mfasom(dgbd|h s{qklah" j{~a `pg~gd{qoa kgbsz y~gcdgk y~moaj{ah" ppczgs ~mzplzgdlah" j{~asl sy~gpkzl" oas{ jmdjq~s zghjdl{|" km j{~a`mqczas{dlc| zms{go zgy~mszadl ym szcza`mpaogdgblzla lce ym~{fmblm" ~afa~adcol l kmplgkczadlg$Kzljl kmnm~mpl y~mfasomdgbd|ce y~moaj{gd{psj~gcg sl czgs jmdjq~sq y~zazdgczmd| dg y~z|(`m{mpgdla y~moaj{q l pz~gs{g `pg~gdcog qz|(sjgdlg mczajlpgda`m afaj{q$44 Jmdjq~s pzm~dlcz| zghjdl{| oas{ ympg(d ldpas{|co nlzdasmp kbg mnq s{~md? m~`gdl(zg{m~g l qczas{dljp$ _gbacadlg LCSLK y~zaplkqo


23/48

>3

y~z|zdgdla dg`~k psz|s{jlh qczas{dljmh" dla{|bjm zp|clzc|" s{k blczng zgy~mszmd|ce zp|(jba dla y~zaj~gczg ylclq$44 P y~z|ygkjq jmdjq~sp zghjdl{|ceszcza`bd| dgclsj hqsl n| ymmmd| dg ogp(dm l ~pd| kms{y km plakz|$ Qczas{dlc| hq(sz zdg spmo jmdjq~adco" sjgk oq~| l j~|{a~lgmcad|" ogsda hqsz n| {gja j~|{a~lg kmnm~qqczas{dljp jmdjq~sq psz|s{jm" cm `pg~gd({qoa nazs{~mddm$ Jmdjq~s zghjdl{|" kzljlm`~gdlczmdao l dlaplabjlao blcznla qczas{dljpkgoa hmblpm" my~cz mcz|plcla szcza`mpmmy~gcmpgda`m n~lafq mylsqoca`m y~zakhlm{y~moaj{mpgdlg l oa`m qpg~qdjmpgdlg %symacz(da" ~|djmpa" bm`ls{|czda" hg{a~lgmpa" {acedm(bm`lczda" a{|czda l{y$," y~zajgzgdlg y~moaj{gd({mh kmkg{jmpao plakz| p yms{gcl szjmbadlg"pg~sz{g{p" jmdsqb{gcol za syacogbls{ghl$44 Ymdlapg m~`gdlzg{m~ zp|jba kac|kqoasl dg pk~madla {|bjm oakda`m y~moaj{q" jmd(jq~s czs{m m~`gdlzmpgd| oas{ kpqa{gympm

p yla~psz|h a{gyla y~z|zdgpgda s dg`~mk| zgy~moaj{| jmdcayc|oda l p|gdlgd| oas{ zp|clzcg"j{~| p p|dljq jmdjq~sq ymkylsqoa mk~ndqhmp z m~`gdlzg{m~ah dg kgbsz psyy~g(c y~z| ~mzpldlclq jmdcaycol" y~z|`m{mpgdlqyada`m y~moaj{q pzm~dlcza`m z kmjqhad{gco{acedlczdm({acedmbm`lczd" qs{gbg fm~h y~za(jgzgdlg y~gp gq{m~sjlce %oakdm~gzmpg sy~zakg"blcadcog {gd{lah| l{y$, l sy~gpmpgdla dgkzm~qgq{m~sjla`m dgk pk~madlah$44 Pg~{m dg`~mk| p jmdjq~sla zghjdl{|hp|~gg sl dla {|bjm jpm{ yladld$ Dg`~mk oas{ {gja `pg~gdcog pk~madlg km y~mkqjcoly~zaz zdgczca`m y~mkqcad{g l paocla y~mkqj ({q dg ~|daj$ [m {gja pg~qdjl y~z|szao qhmp|z y~mkqcad{ah m y~zadlasladla y~gp gq{m~sjlce$[m {gja sjgbg pk~madlg$ [m {gja mjgzog km zg(y~azad{mpgdlg spmlce hmblpmcl" jmhya{adcol"pg~sz{g{q p `~mdla dgobaysz|ce jmba`p ym fg(ceq$

M~`gdlzgcog jmdjq~sp y~moaj{mp|cey~z| ymhmc| LPY? ldfm~hgcoa Abnla{g^mznlcjg %9 >>, 569 97 59:abznla{g]~mznlcjgIlpy$cmh$yb

Hg~gk Kasl`d szjlca y~moaj{mpa dg jmdcayco pd{~zg ymcl`q


24/48

>;

44 LPY syacogblzqoa sl p m~`gdlzgcol jmd(jq~sp y~moaj{mp|ce$ P >995 ~mjq dg zbaca(dla YJY Ld{a~cl{| y~zay~mpgkzlblh| jmdjq~sdg y~moaj{ jmdcayc|od| ~mzplzg `~g czdm(jmbm~|s{|czd|ce s|bpa{jl l pd{~zg sjgkpzasymbmd|ce kbg YJY Ld{a~cl{|$44 Jmdjq~s y~zay~mpgkzmdm p fm~hqba zg(hjdl{ao$ Ajsya~cl Lds{|{q{q zgy~mslbl km qkzlg(q {~z| ymbsjla s{qklg y~moaj{mpa DC$G^[z Pg~szgp|" Hg~gk Kasl`d z @kgsjg m~gz_asy Y~moaj{mp| ymk jla~qdjlah Pmkzlhla(~zg Kmbg{mpsjla`m z P~mcgplg$ Ogjm `pdaj~|{a~lg y~z| p|nm~za qczas{dljp jmdjq~sq

y~z|o{m kmplgkczadlg p ~agblzgcol ymkmn(d|ce y~moaj{p m~gz hmblpmcl {acedlczda`ml pg~sz{g{mpa`m ~mzpldlclg zp|clsjlao jmd(caycol p y~moaj{ pzm~dlcz| p~gz z kmjqhad{g(co ld|dla~|od" dlaznkd km pk~madlg dga{gyla y~mkqjcol$44 Dlazp|jba pgd czcl jmdjq~sq n||~mzymcz|dgoca `m psybda pg~sz{g{| y~moaj ({gd{p l y~mkqcad{g" ymkczgs j{~|ce psz|s{(jla s{qklg hm`| p ~pd|h s{mydlq zgymzdgsl zzgmadlghl y~moaj{q l p|hg`gdlghl zg(

hgplg oca`m" szcza`bdla p zgj~asla sya(dladlg mczajlpg ymbsjla`m ygsga~g$44 LPY my~gcmpg ~a`qbghld jmdjq~sq z`mk(dla z y~mcakq~ghl LCSLK" kngoc m {~gdsyg~ad{dazgsgk| mcad|$ Oq~| Jmdjq~sq ymk y~zapmkdlc({pah Y~azas _g~zkq LPY Nag{| Nmcelsjlao dgymslakzadlq >; ygkzla~dljg >995 ~mjq p|mdlmzp|clsjl y~moaj{" gq{m~s{pg s{qklg y~moaj{mpa(`m Hg~gk Kasl`d" j{~| qzdgdm zg dgong~kzlaojmhybajsmp| l p dgopljsz|h s{mydlq j~aqoc|plza~qdaj dmpmczasdmcl" aba`gdcol l dgop|(sza`m jmhfm~{q$

LPY ogjm yg~{da~ YJYLd{a~cl{| mjgzg sl n| slbd|hpsyg~clah y~z| m~`gdlzgcoljmdjq~sq zghjdl{a`m dgy~moaj{ jmdcayc|od| s|bpa{jll pd{~zg sjgkp zasymbmd|ce$Jmdjq~s zms{g y~zay~mpgkzmd| y~mfasomdgbdla" z zgcempgdlahp|smjlce s{gdkg~kp m~`gdlzgc|od|ce s{msmpgd|cey~zaz Ld{a~dg{lmdgb Cmqdclb mf Smcla{las mf Ldkqs{~lgb Kasl`d$_gy~mszmda km jmdjq~sq ymbsjlas{qklg y~moaj{mpa s{gd| dgp|smjmcl zgkgdlg" y~mymdqocclajgpa ~mzplzgdlg" {gj a Oq~| Jmdjq~sq hlgm dgy~gpk {~qkd| p|n~$ L dg {|h zgbagm dgszao

~hla gn| p p|dljq jmdjq~sqhla hmblpm p|nm~q p~kdgobaysz|ce$

Hg~aj Dl{jmpsjl"czmdaj _g~zkq YJY Ld{a~cl{| S$G$

Jmdjq~s dg

kasl`d sjgkp zasymbmd|ce YJYLd{a~cl{|

Hg~gk Kasl`d szjlca y~moaj{mpa dg jmdcayco pd{~zg ymcl`q


25/48

>1

Ymcz{jlah bg{g Lds{|{q{ y~zadmsl sl km @k|dl" j{~g p pgjgcoa zg(

hladlg sl p hlgs{m fas{lpgbl$ _g~gz ym hqz|czd|h Myada~za zg(y~gszgh| dg k~q` ak|co @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s >99< Kdl Kasl`dqJ~gop Dgkng{|cjlce" j{~a mknk sl mk < km 7< blycg$ Hlso fas{l(pgbq oas{ y~mhmcog kmn~a`m y~moaj{mpgdlg zm~lad{mpgda`m dg fqdj(

comdgbdm l as{a{|j$ Ld{a~asqo dgs y~moaj{| ymkdmszca ogjm cmkzladda`m|clg" {a`m hdlaosza`m" y~|pg{da`m" l {a`m dg pljsz sjgb" ~mz`~|pgoca`msl p y~zas{~zadl yqnblczdao$

@k|dlg kasl`dah s{ml

Abnla{g Mylg" k|~aj{m~ Hg~ja{ld`q l Sy~zakg| LPYabznla{g]mylbgIlpy$cmh$yb

44 @k|dlg kasl`dah s{ml" l {m ng~kzm plg(kmhla$ Fas{lpgb ymps{goa dg zbacadla Hlgs{g@k|dlg" j{~a jmdsajpad{dla gd`gqoa sl pqympszacedlgdla dmpmczasd|ce ~mzplzg y~m( oaj{mp|ce$ [m y~z|cl`g lddmpgc|oda ~h|" j{(~a plkz kbg slanla dmpa hmblpmcl nlzdasmpa$Kbg dgs @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s {m y~mhmcog kmn~a(`m y~moaj{mpgdlg$ [m {gja psyg~cla kbg ymbsjlcey~zakslnlm~s{p s{msqoc|ce pzm~dlc{pm l sl`g( oc|ce ym kasl`d ogjm dg~zkzla nlzdasmpa kmzpljszadlg ~|djmpao jmdjq~adc|odmcl spmlcey~mkqj{p$44 Y~m`~gh @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s gk~asqoah|km sza~mjlao yqnblczdmcl$ _ oakdao s{~md| oas{{m lhy~azg ymyqbg~|zqocg kasl`d p~k hgsm(p|ce mknlm~cp l dgs{gplmdg dg akqjgco jmd(sqhad{g$ _ k~q`lao {m pgda p|kg~zadla kbg~mkmplsjg y~mfasomdgbda`m$ Kbg y~zakslnlm~(cp l y~moaj{gd{p y~z|`m{mpgblh| pg~sz{g{|z py~mpgkzgdlg dmpa`m y~mkqj{q dg ~|daj l y~azad{gcoa dgong~kzlao lddmpgc|od|ce y~moaj ({p qsq` l y~mkqj{p$

^a`lmd Hm~zg Ng{|cjla`m44 Ymkczgs @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s >99< ceca(h| ymjgzg" ogj pz~gs{g ogjm dgsza`m |clg"jlak| oas{ mdm psyla~gda hk~|h y~moaj{mpg(

dlah$ Ymogpl sl ~mzplzgdlg kbg cmkzladda`m|clg m~gz kqa jmdcaycoa kbg plg{g" mksg(dlgoca dmpa mnszg~|" p ogjla pj~gczg kasl`d"


26/48

>6

h$ld$ dmpa symsmn| jm~z|s{gdlg za ~mkmplsjgdg{q~gbda`m l lkca p bgk zg dlhl dmpg{m~sjla~mzplzgdlg y~moaj{mpa" dmpa hg{a~lg| l {ace(dmbm`la$44 Y~azad{mpgda pzm~dlc{pm hg jm~zadlap {~gk|col jqb{q~| j~gop Hm~zg Ng{|cjla`m$ [{~gk|co kms{~za` l kmcadl ms{g{dlm {gja ~zkymbsjl$ _gy~mymdmpgda y~zaz s{~md ymbsj zg(madlg km s{~g{a`ll ~mzpmoq ^a`lmdq Ng{|jq"j{~g y~z|`m{mp|pgdg oas{ p Qdll Aq~myaosjlao"psjgzqo pzm~dlc{pm ogjm abahad{ p|~dlgoc|{ cz Aq~my|" g fas{lpgb @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s ogjm oakdm z dgopgdlaosz|ce hlkz|dg~mkmp|cep|kg~za ~a`lmdq zplzgd|ce z pzm~dlc{pah$Mnacdla p QA {~pgo y~gca dgk my~gcmpgdlahsyodao s{~g{a`ll ~a`lmdq Hm~zg Ng{|cjla`m$ Oablpzm~dlc{pm s{gdla sl oao jbqczmp|h abahad{ah"nkzla {m mzdgczg" a Ymbsjg zms{gdla blka~ah{a`m {ahg{q p~k j~gop dgkng{|cjlce l y~m(pgkzl nkzla dg kq sjgb hlkz|dg~mkmpay~moaj{| akqjgc|oda" `msymkg~cza" y~mhmc|oda$Kbg ymbsjlce y~zakslnlm~s{p l y~moaj{gd{p n(kzla {m szgdsg dg y~mhmco y~mkqj{p" hg~aj l plakz|$ Ymogpl sl mjgzog dgk~mnladlg zgba`mclp s{msmpgdlq pzm~dlc{pg ogjm abahad{q s{~g{a(`ll ~h" g cm sl z {|h pla" pljsza y~gpkmym(kmnlas{pm py~mpgkzadlg dmp|ce y~mkqj{pdg ~|daj$ Ymbsc| y~zakslnlm~c| hm` m{~z|hgm`bdmaq~myaosjla psyg~cla y~mhmc|oda y~z|py~mpgkzgdlq pzm~dlc{pg l hmblpm y~azad({gcol spmlce y~mkqj{p p ~d|ce y~m`~ghgce~agblzmpgd|ce p ~ghgce s{~g{a`ll ~a`lmdp QdllAq~myaosjlao$ Nkzla m cm pgbcz|$

@kzla ym kasl`d=44 P {|h ~mjq fas{lpgb ~mzyla~zcedla sl ymcg|h hlacla$ Ogj ymy~zakdlm" p sgh|h cad({~qh @k|dl" dg Ybgcq @~qdpgbkzjlh s{gdla >9ym~{mp|ce jmd{ada~p" `kzla zgy~azad{qo slymbsjla l hlkz|dg~mkmpa s{qklg y~moaj{mpam~gz dgobaysza ymbsjla `gba~la kasl`dq %{m dla(ymp{g~zgbdg szgdsg dg clajgpa zgjqy|',$ Oakadjmd{ada~ ybgdqoah| mkkg cgjmplcla pa pgkg(dla kzlaclmh" j{~a y~zaygkgo zg ld{a~gj{|pd|(hl fm~hghl zgngp| l akqjgcol$ Y~mfasomdgbls{pzgy~gszgh| km jsl`g~dl LPY mfa~qocao ymbsjlal zg`~gdlczda p|kgpdlc{pg zplzgda z kasl(`dah l zg~zkzgdlah dmp|h y~mkqj{ah$44 P y~m`~ghla @KK zdgbgzm sl jlbjg p|(s{gp {ahg{|czd|ce$ P Hqzaqh Hlgs{g @k|dlg

ymjgah| y~moaj{ zg{|{qmpgd| Kasl`d Fmq~Abahad{s" p|s{gp y~azad{qoc dgobayszapzm~dlc{pm szpakzjla ms{g{dlce bg{$ Ogj plgkm(hm" msymkg~jg {a`m j~goq szcz|cl sl pla{d|hl~azqb{g{ghl pa psyy~gc| ~mkzlh|ce y~zaksl(nlm~cp z y~moaj{gd{ghl$ Nkzla {m yla~pszg dg(~mkmpg y~azad{gcog pzm~dlc{pg ymkczgs @KK"znla`gocg sl z mnoclah y~zaz Szpaco mk 7 bly(cg y~zapmkdlc{pg p Qdll Aq~myaosjlao$

44 P Ymhm~sjlh Yg~jq Dgqjmpm([acedmbm(`lczd|h zgy~azad{qo sl dgblcl l bgq~agcl jmd(jq~sq Kmn~| Pz~ >99< dg dgobaylao zgy~moaj{m(pgda y~mkqj{| dg ymbsjlh ~|djq" j{~| p {|h~mjq Lds{|{q{ m~`gdlzqoa oq ym ~gz szasdgs{|$Psz|s{jlce" j{~z| dla zk|bl zmngcz| p|s{gp| \vasg Neg~g p Pg~szgpla l oa`m bgy{myg zg 799kmbg~p" {gja zgy~gszgh| km @k|dl$ P Yg~jq[acedmbm`lczd|h y~zaks{gplh| {ad m~|`ldgbd|hmkab py~mpgkzgdlg dmpa`m y~mkqj{q dg ~|(daj" jlak| jblad{ah oas{ m~`gdlzgcog ymzg~zkm(pg %MBYC Mda Bgy{my Ya~ Celbk," g y~mkqj{ahqsq`g kms{yq km plakz|$ Pg~{m ymsqceg gq({m~p s|dda`m y~moaj{q p|ogdlgoc|ce" p ogjlsymsn y~gcmpgbl" ogjla zgkgdla y~moaj{mpa ym(s{gplmdm y~zak dlhl$ [m qdljgbd| y~z|jgk y~za(y~mpgkzadlg sjmhybljmpgda`m y~mcasq nlzda(smpa`m z qkzlgah plg{mpao jbgs| y~moaj{gd{gl m~`gdlzgcol dmd(y~m {$ Cabah y~moaj{q MBYCn|m zgyapdladla kms{yq km plakz|" g bgy{my ogjm y~mkqj{ ms{g{aczd| {m {|bjm dg~zkzla km oa`m ~agblzgcol$

@k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s {mpgda p|kg~zadla kbg

~mkmplsjg y~mfasomdgbda`m$Mnmj blczd|ce p|s{gp l y~azad{gcol lddmpgc|od|cey~moaj{p" y~z|`m{mpgblh| pg~sz{g{| z py~mpgkzgdlgdmpa`m y~mkqj{q dg~|daj gk~asmpgdakm y~zakslnlm~cp l y~moaj{gd{p$


27/48

>0

Kdl Nlzdasq p placla kasl`dq44 P @k|dl czajgh| {gja dg y~zakslnlm~(cp ymszqjqoc|ce plakz|" ogj zgcz l y~mpg(kzl p ~hla psyy~gc z y~moaj{gd{ah" cmhmdg z|sjg s{msqoc pzm~dlc{pm$ Nkzlah|~mzhgplg m pg~{mcl kasl`dq" g dg zgoclgcepg~sz{g{mp|ce qcz| sl psykzlggdlg z y~m( oaj{gd{ah dg ~d|ce a{gygce y~mcasq y~moaj ({mpa`m$ [m pgda" n| plakzla" ogj my{|hgbdlap|jm~z|s{|pg oa`m ym{adcog$ Dg{mhlgs{ y~m( oaj{gd{mh cecah| ymhc dgqcz| sl psy(y~gc| z y~mkqcad{ah ~mzqhladlg jqb{q~|{acedmbm`lczdao ~h|" pg~qdjp ~|djmp|ce"cabp hg~ja{ld`mp|ce l ngkg jmdsqhadcjlce$Py~mpgkzadla y~mkqj{q dg ~|daj p|hg`g nm(plah mk j~ag{|pd|ce ~mzplzg qpz`bkdladlgplabq kmkg{jmp|ce cz|ddljp$44 [gj ogj p ~mjq qnla`|h l {|h ~gzah dlazgn~gjdla dgohmksza`m ymjmbadlg y~moaj{gd{pymbsjlce$ LPY m~`gdlzqoa plmsd jmdjq~s \mqd`Kasl`d kbg s{qkad{p l gnsmbpad{p" p|gdlgo(c| y~moaj{gd{g m dgopljsz|h ym{adcogba ~|djm(p|h$ Dgozkmbdlaosl" j{~|ce p|nla~za nlzdasmpahlkz|dg~mkmpa oq~|" zgy~azad{qo p @k|dlhmblpmcl ~|djmpa spmlce y~moaj{p z zgj~asqy~mkqj{p l qsq`$ [m ~zgkjg mjgzog km ymzdg(dlg jmhya{adcol hmk|ce y~moaj{gd{p" j{~|ceh|badla m psyczasd|h y~moaj{mpgdlq kgbajmp|j~gczg ymzg j~agco$ Msgkzmda oas{ nmplahp jmd{ajcla ~|djmp|h" ymkyg~{a ngkgdlghl

a~`mdmhlczd|hl l plakz {acedmbm`lczd$ Lcey~azad{gcoa dgy~gpk pg~{m zmngcz|$44 Dg @KK y~z|ogk {gja bgq~agcl dgoplj (sza`m dg placla jmdjq~sq {acedmbm`lczda`mLhg`lda Cqy p jg{a`m~ll Y~moaj{mpgdla My~m(`~ghmpgdlg$ Yqnblczdm fas{lpgbq nkzla hlgghmblpm ymzdgdlg dg`~mkzmd|ce y~moaj{p$Ld{a~k|sc|ybldg~da zasym|" p sjgk j{~|cepcemkz {gja kasl`da~z|" zgy~azad{qo y~moaj ({| fqdjcomdgbda" z pg~lgd{ghl hmkabl nlzdasm(p|ce l zgs{msmpg ~|djmp|ce$

Sym{jgoh| sl dgk ymbsjlh hm~zah44 Dla hg bg{g naz @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s >99


28/48

>5

44 P kdlgce 7370 blycg p Ymhm~sjlh Yg~jqDgqjmpm([acedmbm`lczd|h p @k|dl mknkzlasl yla~pszg ak|cog nazyg{d|ce pg~sz{g{p kbgy~moaj{gd{p" m~`gdlzmpgd|ce y~zaz Lds{|{q{Pzm~dlc{pg Y~zah|smpa`m p y~m`~ghla _g(y~moaj{qo Spo _|sj$44 Pg~sz{g{| y~zazdgczmda s kbg y~moaj ({gd{p" naz pz`bkq dg plaj l kmplgkczadla$_gy~gszgh| psz|s{jlce {|ce" j{~z| cec y~z|(`m{mpg sl km psyy~gc| z y~zakslnlm~cghl"ymzdg zgsgk| l y~gj{|czda" sy~gpkzmda ha{m(

k| psykzlggdlg$ Kzl p zgpmkzla y~moaj{gd{g{gj sghm ogj j~ag{|pdm" blcz sl qhlao{dmcly~gc| p plabmzgkgdlmp|h zasymba syacogbls{pl plakzg ~|djmpg$ Blczng hlaosc blhl{mpgdg$

44 [ahg{|jg pg~sz{g{p?zgsgk| ymz|sjlpgdlg zbacadlmnlm~cp l dg(4plz|pgdlg psyy~gc| z ~hghlha{mk| y~z|`m{mpgdlg l zgj~as nlzdasmpao4y~azad{gcol y~moaj{q pzm~dlcza`ms{gdkg~k| y~gc ~agblzmpgd|ce y~zaz p|jm(4dgpcp %s{qklg y~moaj{mpa l y~moaj{gd{ppzm~dlc{pg, p zgj~asla my~gcmp|pgdlgdmp|ce y~mkqj{p pzm~dlcz|cesymsmn| ymz|sjlpgdlg ldfm~hgcol m gj{qgb(4

d|ce ym{~zangce ~|djqp|jm~z|s{gdla ~dm~mkd|ce mnszg~p4plakz| ym{~zandao y~moaj{gd{mpl km sjq({aczdao psyy~gc| z y~zakslnlm~cghl" dy$m~mkjl ngkgpcza" ajmdmhlg" hg~ja{ld`"ys|cembm`lgfm~hg{mpgdla y~moaj{q ogjm y~mkqj{q ~|d(4jmpa`m~kg km dgdsmpgdlg kzlgg zplzgd|ce4z pk~ggdlah dmp|ce y~moaj{p pzm~dl(cz|ce p y~zakslnlm~s{pgce

y~zayls| ~a`qbqoca zgsgk| mce~md| y~gp(4

dao y~moaj{p$

Pg~sz{g{| zgjmcz sl saso da{pm~jld`mpz qkzlgah bmjgbd|ce y~zakslnlm~cp" j{~g hgymhc p dgplzgdlq psyy~gc| hlkz| ~hg(hl cecc|hl pk~gg dmpa y~moaj{| pzm~dlczag y~mfasomdgbd|hl s{qklghl y~moaj{mp|hl" ~ay~a(zad{mpgd|hl y~zaz qczas{dljp pg~sz{g{p$

_gld{a~asmpgd|ce qkzlgah p pg~sz{g{gcey~mslh| m jmd{gj{$ Szcza`mp|ce ldfm~hgcolqkzlabg G`dlaszjg hqkzlsjg?g`dlaszjg]zhqkzldsjgIlpy$cmh$yb

Pg~sz{g{| kbg y~moaj{gd{p ymkczgs @k|dlg Kasl`d Kg|s

P g ~ s z

{ g { | k b g y ~ m o a j

{ g d {

p y m

k c z g s

@ K K > 9 9 5


29/48

>995 s{g sl czcl ldk|plkqgbda`m y~moaj{qjbqczmpa`m" ~agblzmpgda`m p ~ghgce Y~m`~g(hq Mya~gc|oda`m Lddmpgc|odg @msymkg~jgkzlggdla 1$> _gy~moaj{qo Spo _|sj$44 Ajsya~cl LPY dg nlacm gj{qgblzqo l qkm(sjmdgbgo ha{mk|j mcad| l dg~zkzlg gdgbl{|cz(da hmdl{m~ld`q$ P ceplbl mnacdao k|symdqoa(h| jmhyq{a~mp ngz kgd|ce m y~mkqj{gce"z hmblpmcl py~mpgkzgdlg ybljp `~g czd|cel hqb{lhaklgbd|ce" j{~g kzljl {ahq oas{ qdl(jgbd|h dg~zkzlah gdgblz| {gja {~adkp s{|bl(s{|czd|ce l pzm~dlcz|ce$44 Cm ~mjq qzqyadlgh| l ~mznqkmpqoah|zgj~as gdgblz m dmpa n~gda p ~mjq >995 ym~gz yla~psz| hmdl{m~ld`lah mno{m jg{a`m~lmkzla| syacogbdao$ mczdla km ngz| {~g g ymdgk7999 mylsgd|ce" qkmjqhad{mpgd|ce l mcadlm(d|ce y~zaz ajsya~{p y~mkqj{p p 7; jg{a`m(~lgce n~gdmp|ce? hanba" mpla{badla" sy~z{

G@K" sy~z{ ^[V-Gqklm-Vlkam" sy~z{ l gjcasm~lgjmhyq{a~mpa" ~mkjl {~gdsym~{q l jmhqdljgcol"szjm l ca~ghljg q|{jmpg" {jgdld|" mkzla l mnq(pla syacogbls{|czda" q~zkzadlg sgdl{g~da" hg{a(~lg| l gjcasm~lg p|jmczadlmpa pd{~z" dg~z(kzlg" zgngpjl l `~| akqjgc|oda l ~aegnlbl{gc|oda"g~{|jq| sym~{mpa l ~aj~agc|oda m~gz ldda$ Mkzggpgdsmpgd|ce {acedmbm`lczdla l hg{a~lgmpmq~zkza abaj{~mdlczd|ce" ym yms{a" gba myg~{adg n|sjm{blp|h ymh|ba y~moaj{gd{g y~zakhlm({| cmkzladda`m q|{jq" j{~|ce y~mkqcad{ghlbqn k|s{~|nq{m~ghl hm` n| zg~pdm plabjlajmdca~d| cz| slacl egdkbmpa" ogj l hga ~h| ~m(kzldda cz| y~gcmpdla gq{m~sjla$44 P >99< ~mjq czajg dgs jmbaoda plabjlap|zpgdla ~mzymcz|dgh| hmdl{m~ld` qsq`$Qsq` ogjm y~mkqj{q" j{~| oas{ zgy~moaj{mpgd|'Ngzg kgd|ce oas{ oq y~z|s{msmpgdg km py~mpg(kzgdlg qsq`" y~gca dgk ha{mk|j mcad| l jpgbl(

jgcol cace pzm~dlc{pg qsq` {~pgo oq mk jlbjqbg{" hgh| dgkzlao" a p ; jpg~{gba >99< ~mjqzpa~| jqoah| o dg ~zacz|pls{|ce ~ajm~kgcepy~mpgkzmd|ce km ngz|$44 Hgh| plgkmhm" a hmdl{m~ld` mnao(hqoa dlaplabjl %cem s{g~gh| sl" n| n| ogj dgo(ng~kzlao ~ay~azad{g{|pd|, p|cldaj ymbsjla`m~|djq$ Ceclabln|h|" n| mnacdla p dmpao fm~(

Hmdl{m~ld` ld{a~gj{|pd|

k~ Lpmdg Ygbczapsjg" k|~aj{m~ Ngkg l ^mzpmoq LPYlpmdg]ygbczapsjgIlpy$cmh$yb


37/48

30

hqba p ~ghgce y~m( oaj{q _gy~moaj{qo Spo_|sj" dgsza kzlggdlghmdl{m~qoca ~|daj s{g| sl dla{|bjm dg(~zkzlah bakzadlgl mcad| zhlgd zgcem(kzc|ce pa pzm~dlc({pla y~mkqj{p" gbaan| z`mkdla z cglka _S_" s{g| slygszcz|zd yg~{da~(s{pg l psyy~gc|psz|s{jlce" j{~z| {ay~mkqj{| {pm~z y~zakslnlm~cp" y~m( oaj{gd{p" dgqjmp(cp n| hmdl{m~ld`

pzm~dlc{pg p LPY n| hmdl{m~ld`lah ld{a~gj ({|pd|h$44 Ngzg kgd|ce m y~mkqj{gce" y~mkqcad{gce"y~moaj{gd{gce pzm~dlc{pg s{gdmpl ymks{gpkbg plabq kzlgg Lds{|{q{q sym~k dlao p|g(dlgh| l zgy~gszgh| qczas{dljp jmdjq~sq Kmn~|Pz~" j{~a`m 76$ ak|cog zms{gdla ~mzs{~z|`dl{gplmsd {a`m ~mjq" qczas{dljp jmdjq~sp zg(hjdl{|ce m~`gdlzmpgd|ce y~zaz LPY dg zba(cadla dgong~kzlao blczc|ce sl p Ymbsca ~h" ogj Y^MFLh cz| YJY Ld{a~cl{|" km zg~aoas{~mpgd|ce pngzla ~h p yla~pszao jmbaodmcl p|s|gh| ld(

fm~hgcoa m m~`gdlzmpgd|ce y~zaz LPY s{qklgceymk|ybmhmp|ce" jmdfa~adcogce"szjmbadlgce"pg~sz{g{gce" sym{jgdlgce" mfa~{| qsq` ngkgp(cz|ce" ldfm~hgcoa m p|kg~zadlgce" p|s{gpgcel psz|s{jlh {|h" cm m~`gdlzqoah| p Lds{|{qclakbg dgsz|ce nada coad{p" jblad{p l yg~{da~p$Ymz|{|pdg mcadg y~mkqj{p l ~ajmhadkmpgdlalce km" dy$ jmdjq~sq Kmn~| Pz~" s{gdmpl {gja~ajmhadkgco kbg jmdsqhad{p$44 _gy~gszgh| plc km zgy~azad{mpgdlgspmoao mfa~{| syacogbls{mh p kzlakzldla pzm~dlc({pg l z`gszgdlg spmlce dgodmpsz|ce %py~mpg(kzmd|ce dg ~|daj dla pczadlao dl p >990 ~mjq,y~mkqj{p hg{a~lgbd|ce l dlahg{a~lgbd|ce" ogjl(hl s qsq`l" km Lds{|{q{q$ P|s{g~cz| a(hglb zaps{yd kajbg~gco" g ajsya~{ LPY sjmd{gj{qoa

sl z Ygs{pah p cabq qkms{ydladlg szcza`m(p|ce ldfm~hgcol dlaznkd|ce km py~mpgkzadlgkm ngz| l ymz|sjgdlg kmkg{jmp|ce hg{a~lgpjmdlaczd|ce km mcad| pzm~dlczao y~mkqj{q$44 Pla~z|h|" a ymkkgdla sl y~z|ogzdahqgqk|{mpl pzm~dlczahq kbg y~zakslnlm~c| n(kzla s{gdmplm pg~{m hm{|pqoc km ymkdla(sladlg {a`m gsyaj{q py~mpgkzgd|ce dg ~|daj y~mkqj{p" km dgplzgdlg psyy~gc| z y~moaj ({gd{ghl" cz| Lds{|{q{ah" j{~| syacogblzqoc slp zg~zkzgdlq pzm~dlc{pah" ymhma zkmn|

dlaznkd plakz bqn zgyapdl y~zay~mpgkzadlay~mcasq ymz|sjgdlg pzm~q z`mkdla za plg{mp|(hl s{gdkg~kghl$

2

O q ~ m ~ z |

j m d j q ~ s q

K m n ~ |

P z ~

> 9 9 0

@ g b g

j m d j q ~ s q

K m n ~ |

P z ~ >

9 9 0


38/48

35

44 Kzlakzld| pzm~dlcza ogjm ls{m{dg `gjqb{q~| kmczajg| sl dg placla blczd|ce mh(pla l my~gcmpg" p {|h {gja smpdljmp|ce%cemclgn| G_ mf hmka~d kasl`d gq{m~s{pgNa~dkg Ymbs{a~g cz| Yeglkmd Kasl`d Cbgsslcsm~gz ~da ngz| ld{a~da{mpa,$ P Ymbsca mkkgpdg plkzlgdm ym{~zan my~gcmpgdlg p|(kgpdlc{pg znla~goca`m ldfm~hgcoa dg {ahg{~mkmplsjg y~moaj{gd{p$ Ym{~zang p|kgpg(g sl ygbcg" `k| p smpdljgce l adc|jbmya(klgce p|kgpgd|ce zg `~gdlc y~dm szqjgldfm~hgcol m ymbsjlce y~moaj{gd{gce {pm~zc|cekbg y~zah|sq" dgpa{ {|ce psyy~gcqoc|ce z

~hghl plg{mpa`m fm~hg{q$ Lds{|{q{ Pzm~(dlc{pg Y~zah|smpa`m yms{gdmpl dgk~mnlymps{ga dg {|h ymbq zgba`mcl l zgcz ld{ad(s|pda s{g~gdlg m q{pm~zadla y~mfasomdgbdao ngz|kgd|ce$ Ym{~zand| n| dgh jmhya{ad{d| zasy"~mkjl dgdsmpa dg s{pm~zadla dg~zkzl kmy~z|`m{mpgdlg" ~akgjcol l yqnbljgcol nlm`~ghp"my~gcmpgdla ha{mkmbm`ll l zgj~asq fqdjcomdm(pgdlg ngz| mdblda$ Pg~qdjl {a zms{g| syadlmdal yla~psz| ymbsjl smpdlj y~moaj{gd{p p|s{g~({mpg$44 Smpdlj oas{ y~moaj{ah ngkgpcz|h" j{(~a`m ymks{gpmp|h cabah oas{ qympszacedlgdlaplakz| dg {ahg{ ymbsjla`m kasl`dq %oao n~gj mk

bg{ q{~qkdlg y~gca dgqjmpa dgk dgsz|h pzm~(dlc{pah,$ Y~z| y~gcgce zplzgd|ce za znla~g(dlah hg{a~lgp zasy Nlnblm{ajl LPY blcz| dgzggd`gmpgdla l ymhmc y~moaj{gd{p" hgo(c|ce kmn~a ~mzazdgdla p n~gd| l dgoyadlaoszplakz$

S{g{qs wqm44 Y~gca dgk smpdljlah ~mzymczblh| pygkzla~dljq >990" ~mj ydlao" pa p~zadlq>995 smpdlj ymogpl sl p slacl$ Yqnbljgcogmnaohqoa nlm`~gh| ymbsjlce y~moaj{gd{p {pm(~zc|ce p UU l UUL plajq$ Gj{qgbdla kms{yd|ce oas{ 7>9 nlm`~ghp gq{m~p z bg{ 19$ l 69$m~gz mjmm >99 nlm`~ghp y~moaj{gd{p kzlg(goc|ce psyczadla" zlbqs{~mpgd|ce zkoclghlp|n~gd|ce y~moaj{p$44 ^akgj{m~z| y~z|obl" a oakd|h z ymks{g(pmp|ce j~|{a~lp jpgbl jqoc|ce y~moaj{gd{pkm smpdljg oas{ pk~madla km y~mkqjcol y~z|(dgohdlao oakda`m y~moaj{q lce gq{m~s{pg$ L cmng~kzm clasz|" plabq y~moaj{gd{p syadlg {adpg~qdaj" g lce blczng s{gba ~mdla$ Pn~ap s{a~am({|ymh m hg|h zgld{a~asmpgdlq j~gompa`m nlz(dasq ymbsjlhl y~moaj{ghl" dgsl kasl`da~z| cz(s{m psyy~gcqo z y~zakslnlm~cghl bqn sghlpk~ggo spmoa y~moaj{| %naz p{yladlg oas{ lce

Pgdl bqkzla p slacl

Mk kgpdg mkczqpgblh| n~gj ~za{abdao ngz| y~moaj{gd{p ymbsjlce$Ym{~zandg n|g smblkdg yqnbljgcog" znla~gocg ldfm~hgcoa m els{m~ll ymb(sjla`m y~moaj{mpgdlg l dg nlacm qzqyadlgdg m dgodmpsza dgzplsjg$Smpdlj Y~moaj{gd{p Ymbsjlce mdblda {pm~zmd| p LPY qpz`bkdlgy~zaks{gplclabl pljszmcl k|sc|ybld y~moaj{mp|ce$ [m yla~pszg {a`m

{|yq yqnbljgcog p Ymbsca$

Jg{g~z|dg ^q{jg" Nlnblm{ajg LPYjg{g~z|dg]~q{jgIlpy$cmh$yb


39/48

399< ~mjq dg s{~mdla smpdljg zg(bm`mpg sl {|slczd| q|{jmpdlj$ _gy~gszgh|jmbaod|ce$

Smpdlj Y~moaj{gd{p Ymbsjlce kms{yd| oas{ dg ppp$sbmpdljpy~moaj{gd{mp$yb m~gzy~zaz ppp$lpy$cmh$yb


40/48

;9

44 M~jlas{~gcog {m ~mkzgo cgm(clmpa`m ymkaoclg km zgkgdlg y~moaj{mpa`m$Mnaohqoa y~z|`m{mpgdla s{~g{a`ll" lkad{| jg(col" y~mkqj{q l mygjmpgdlg" qpz`bkdlg {gjazg`gkdladlg ~mkmplsjg" ld{a~faos q|{jmpdljgl jmhqdljgco$ [g plabmgsyaj{mpg ha{mkg y~g(c| \vasg Neg~g l oa`m s{qklgfqsay~moac{ kgoapla{d| ~azqb{g{ jblad{ m{~z|hqoa y~mkqj{l hg~j p oakd|h$44 Lka p|s{gp| \vasg Neg~g p LPY n|mymjgzgdla s|bpa{jl y~moaj{gd{g" j{~| mkdmslm`~mhda sqjcas| dla za pz`bkq dg bgdsmpgdladmpao s{|bls{|jl cz| m{gczgoc| `m `bghmq~ l Y^"gba z ympmkq y~zah|bgda`m" hk~a`m ymkao(clg km y~moaj{mpgdlg$ Psz|s{jla oa`m y~moaj{|"zg~pdm jmha~c|oda" ogj l {a ~agblzmpgda y~m yqnblcm nmdm" hgo dg cabq s{pm~zadla m~|`l(dgbdao hg~jl$ Nq{| kbg Nl~jads{mcj" mk{pg~zgczaOgpnmda" nq{abjl \(Pg{a~" k|s{~|nq{m~| y~aza~(pg{|p D\C cz| p~aszcla bgy{my UM kbg m~`gdl(zgcol MBYC %Mda Bgy{my Ya~ Celbk," dla ymplabgols{dlaoc|ce ~mzplzg" gba py~mpgkzgo dg ~|(daj dmp ogjm$ Pg~{m {|ce ymh|sp {~qk(dm mcadl p jg{a`m~lgce {|bjm dgdsmp|ce$44 \vas Neg~ y~z|o p spmoao y~gc| 3 hmka(ba nlzdasmpa$

S[^G[A@LC_DA _GGD@GMPGDLA %S{~g{a`lc Ad(`g`ahad{ ,44 [am~a{|czdla {ad hmkab psyy~gc| hm(dg ym{~gj{mpg ogjm jbgs|czd| cmdsqb{ld`" ym(kmnd| km plabq mfa~mpgd|ce y~zaz {~gk|c|od|ce

`l`gd{p km~gkcz|ce$ ^dlcg ymba`g dg {|h"a Neg~ y~mymdqoa jblad{mh %`pdla s {mkqa l ~akdla y~zakslnlm~s{pg, dmp| jla~qdaj ~mzpmoq hg~jl$ Y~moaj{gd{ dla y~gcqoa dg zgp(md|h ymbq" qpz`bkdlg psz|s{jla ~mkzgoa l ym(zlmh| kzlgg y~zakslnlm~s{pg ymczpsz| mkngkg" ymy~zaz hg~ja{ld` l kasl`d" {acedmbm`ll y~mkqjco" dg k|s{~|nqcol l y~mhmcol jmczc$Y~z|`bkg sl qpgdla ogj fqdjcomdqoa cgg jm~(ym~gcog" ogjla s{msqoa ha{mk| y~gc|$ Psz|s{jmym {m" gn| py~mpgkzgda zhlgd| zms{g| p g{p|l ogj dgong~kzlao afaj{|pd| symsn zgs|hlbm(pgda y~zaz ~h$ [ k~m` Neg~ oas{ p s{gdlazm~k|dmpg lddmpgc|oda ~mzplzgdla" j{~a zg(yapdl dla {|bjm sqjcas ~|djmp| ~h|" gba {gjay~z|ohla sl p oao jqb{q~za m~`gdlzgc|odao$44 S{~g{a`lczda zggd`gmpgdla p|jm~z|s{g

Neg~ km s{pm~zadlg hg~jl Nl~jads{mcj$

YG^[DA^S[PM %Yg~{da~selys,44 [ad szcza`bdla qbqnlmd| y~zaz Neg~g {|ypsyy~gc| sy~gpkzg sl p y~z|ygkjq hdlao(

Ms{~mdgm~jlas{~gcog

Ms{~mdg m~jlas{~gcog {gj ka dlqoa spmo y~gc \vas Neg~" oakadz dgoclajgpsz|ce y~moaj{gd{p psyczasd|ce" j{~a`m p|s{gp ymjg(zgblh| p Lds{|{qcla p c|jbq kmplgkczadlg plg{mpa`m pzm~dlc{pg$

J~z|sz{mf Nlabsjl" k|~aj{m~ Qympszacedlgdlg Pzm~dlc{pg LPYj~z|sz{mf]nlabsjlIlpy$cmh$yb


41/48

;7

sz|ce y~zakslnlm~s{p" s{g~{(qyp" pk~ggdlgdmp|ce lkal$ Yg~{da~s{pm {m y~mymz|cog kbg

~h" j{~a dla hm` smnla ymzpmbl dg psy(y~gc z y~mfasomdgbd|h s{qklah y~moaj{mp|h"g hgo {gj ym{~zan l ymh|s|$ S{qklmfqsay~m( oac{ ymkaohqoa p|zpgdla" gd`gqoa sl p y~m( oaj{" g spmoa p|dg`~mkzadla {~gj{qoa czclmpm ogjm ldpas{|co p dmp| y~mkqj{$ Yg~{da~s{pm oas{ jm~z|s{da kbg hmk|ce ~h$ Ym yla~pszahgo szgds dg z~agblzmpgdla pgsdao lkal y~m(kqj{q bqn qsq`l" ym k~q`la ymz|sjqo dmphg~j m~gz y~zao~z|s{ s{~g{a`l dg dgonblszy~z|szm$ Psyy~gcg z kmplgkczmd|h s{q(klah y~moaj{mp|h kgoa lh hmblpm zkmn|clgcaddao plakz| z ~d|ce kzlakzld jmds{~qjcol"y~mkqjcol" mygjmpgdlg" hg~ja{ld`q l Y^" dgpa{k|s{~|nqcol$44 Hmkab yg~{da~sjl oas{ {a g{~gjc|od| kbgzasymq y~moaj{gd{p" ymdlapg y~z|cl`g kmpsyy~gc| ~h| z ~d|ce n~gd$ [ ~dm(~mkdm yms{~za`go ogjm ldsyl~qoc" g zgkgdlap|j~ampgdlg dmpao hg~jl {~gj{qo ogjm plabj

y~z|`mk l p|zpgdla$44 âzqb{g{ah

psyy~gc| yg~{(da~sjlao oas{sa~lg dgymop \(pg{a~$

Kasl`d {m symsn" p ogjl {~gj{qoasz jblad{p$7$Oaabl szgdqoasz lce ld{ablàdco l {~gj{qoasz lce

kmn~za ymk pz`bkah mce~md| ~mkmplsjg"ahmcol l as{a{|jl" y~gpkmymkmndla ~mnlsz km(n~| kasl`d$Pzm~dlc{pm hqsl n| zld{a`~mpgda z cg>$kzlggbdmcl ~h|$ Y~zakslnlm~s{pg myg~{adg pzm~dlc{pla sy~z|ogo j~ag{|pdmcl l lddm(pgc|odmcl mk ~ka l dg`~gkzgo {a kzlg|"j{~a zp|jba sl jc %hg~ja{ld` l kzlg mya(~gc|od| gbnm y~mkqjc|od|, zg psyy~gc$Kasl`d {m dla oas{ ~mzplzgdla j~{jm{a~hl(3$dmpa$ [m zggd`gmpgdla p kq`lh mj~asla"j{~a p|hg`g h|badlg m {|h" ogj pzm~dlc(

{pm py|pg dg psz|s{jm" cm kmcla~g km jmd(sqhad{g mk y~mkqj{q" y~zaz mygjmpgdla"hg~ja{ld`" sy~zakg" g km kmplgkczadlgp kmhq$

[gj sghm ogj p hg~ja{ld`q cz| kzlggbdmcl;$mya~gc|odao" hqslsz n| `m{mp| dg ym~gj

p kzlakzldla pzm~dlc{pg$Kasl`d hqsl n| dgykzgd| mk `~|$ Szafm(1$pla pljszmcl kzlslaosz|ce y~zakslnlm~s{phqsz ~mzqhla j~ag{|pdm p nlzdasla l dg(y~gpk sl z dl zgy~z|ogdl$Kzljl pzm~dlc{pq ~mzplzgdla y~mnbahq n(6$kzla zg jgk|h ~gzah ldda l dmpa$ ^mnladla{a`m" cm ~mnl jmdjq~adcog" dla oas{ sjq{aczda$âbgcog z jblad{ah hqsl n| qdljgbdg" g dlamyg~{g dg hg{ahg{|czd|ce fm~hqgce$Dl`k| dla y|{go jmdsqhad{p m y~z|szm$0$Hmasz zgy|{g m lce gsyl~gcoa" gba dla m{~z|(

hgsz mkymplakzl dg y|{gdla" cm hgsz z~mnl$Pzm~dlc{pm hg {a gsyl~gcoa q~zacz|pls{dlgl py~mpgkzg oa p |cla$

0 u k a s l ` d p `

\ v a s g

N e g ~ g ?

Y^MOAJ[\ SYMAC_DA %Clvlc Pm~js,44 _ggd`gmpgdla p y~moaj{| symaczdakgoa y~moaj{gd{mpl" ymhlhm dlsjlce y~z|cem(kp %Neg~ y~gcqoa dgoczclao nazyg{dla gbnmym jmsz{gce," dgopljsz sg{|sfgjco$ S{gplg(dla czmg ~zacz|pls{|h y~mnbahmh c|plblzgcol"hla~zadla sl z {~qkd|hl {ahg{ghl {m plabjgmkymplakzlgbdm l dlamcadlmda kmplgkczadla$P|jm~z|s{gdla kasl`dq y~z| y~moaj{gce symacz(d|ce ymjgzqoa oa`m zdgczadla ogjm dg~zkzlgpy|pgdlg dg ~zacz|pls{m l py~mpgkzgdlg~agbdao zhlgd|$ Syac| czda qpg~qdjmpgdlgl hlsog y~moaj{p symaczd|ce" czs{m {gjam`~gdlczadlg nqka{mpa" s{gplgo y~moaj{gd{gp dmpao s|{qgcol" s{|hqbqo km cm~gz hlabsz|ceplzol" kgo hq szgds y~zaj~gczgdlg `~gdlc {ace(dmbm`lczd|ce l hg{a~lgmp|ce$44 Dgos|ddlaosz| y~z|jgk psyy~gc| Neg(~g y~z| y~moaj{gce symaczd|ce {m ~agblzgcog UMkbg m~`gdlzgcol Mda Bgy{my Ya~ Celbk %MBYC,$


42/48

;>

44 P|s{gpg [mhgsz ^qkjlaplcz Kasl`da~ ^mjqn|g yla~psz z dmpa`m c|jbq kmn~a y~gj ({|jl pzm~dlcza" ogjl ~agblzqoah| p y~m`~ghla _g(y~moaj{qo Spo _|sj$ Baylao dla hm`blh| {~g $[mhgsz ^qkjlaplcz oakad z dgobaysz|ce ymb(sjlce y~moaj{gd{p" zgohqoa sl y~moaj{mpgdlahmk bg{ 09$ Oa`m jg~la~g zgpmkmpg {m y~z|jgk"a oabl sl ceca" {m hmdg$ L hmdg n|m dgpa{

y~zak ~mjlah 5990 zgy~moaj{ k~qjg~jl sjgbdao Kablm Y~lha kbg ~h|Dmvl{qs S$G$" gba {gja zg cg| km~mnaj l pjgk p

Kasl`da~ ^mjqp Lds{|{qcla

Jlbjqsa{ mkplakzgoc|ce" p {|h ymdgk 19 sqcegcz| ymk|ybmhmp|ces{qklp hgdg`a~sjlce" jlbjqkzlaslclq s{qkad{p g~cel{aj{q~|" jla~qd(jp g~{|s{|czd|ce l pzm~dlcz|ce$ Jlbjg ympgd|ce sym{jg nlzdasm(p|ce$ Jlbjq szafp ~h" j{~z| y~zajmdgbl sl" cm {m zdgcz| psyy~gcgz kmn~|h y~moaj{gd{ah l ymzdgbl mfa~{ LPY" j{~| ymhg`g {gj psy(

y~gc dgplz|pg$ Pgdla ~mzymczblh| ~mzhmp| m zm~`gdlzmpgdlq jmbao(da`m jmdjq~sq y~moaj{mpa`m$ P|s{gpg [mhgsz ^qkjlaplcz Kasl`da~ ^mjqzgjmcz|g sl sqjcasah$

Apg Slahlasjg" _gjgk Qympszacedlgdlg Pzm~dlc{pg LPYapg]slahladsjgIlpy$cmh$yb

N a g { g

N m c e

l s j g

l [ m h g s z

^ q k j l a p

l c z


43/48

;3

~mzpo l jsz{g{mpgdla ymz|col ymbsjla`m pzm~(dlc{pg dg placla$44 Hmdm`~g czdg p|s{gpg p LPY y~azad{m(pgg yad| km~mnaj y~moaj{gd{g" ~dm~mkdm oa`m zgld{a~asmpg l qhlao{dmcl$ N|| y~moaj{|z plabq" czs{m mkba`|ce" kzlakzld pzm~dlc{pg"kbg ~dmn~gdmp|ce y~mkqcad{p ymbsjlcel zg`~gdlczd|ce" h$ld$? yla~psza jmh~jl kbg Dm(jll" ~mkjl {~gdsym~{q yqnblczda`m kbg Vmbvm cz|Smbg~ls" sy~z{ G@K kbg Ghljl" ka{gba km hanblkbg @gha{q$ N|| bghy|" j{~a ^qkjlaplcz y~m( oaj{qoa dgoce{dlao l ~mnl {m mk ymcz{jq spmoaokzlggbdmcl$ [m mda dg y~zamhla bg{ 09$ l 59$y~z|dlms| hq ymyqbg~dm l s{g| sl y~zayqs{(j km plg{g y~mfasomdgbls{p$ P 7


44/48

;;

Jmdjq~s \mqd` Kasl`d >99< \mqd` Kasl`d {m m`bdmymbsjl" plabmba{dl y~m(`~gh Lds{|{q{q Pzm~dlc{pg Y~zah|smpa`m"j{~a`m `pd|h p|kg~zadlah oas{ jmdjq~sm s{|yadklqh lh$ y~mf$ Pgdk| [abgjmp(sjlao" y~zazdgczmd| kbg s{qkad{p l gnsmbpad({p qczabdl jsz{gcc|ce p jla~qdjq pzm~dlc({pg$Jgka`m ~mjq Jgyl{qg Jmdjq~sq zmmdgz y~zaks{gplclabl nlzdasq %h$ld$ ymbsc| l zg`~g(dlczdl y~mkqcadcl l k|s{~|nq{m~z|, p|nla~g sym(~k qczas{dljp oakda`m bgq~ag{g hmka`my~moaj{gd{g m dgopljsz|h ym{adcogba ~|djm(p|h$S{|yadklqh p p|smjmcl >9 999 zm{|ce m~gzs{g p y~as{lmp|h s{qklq y~moaj{mp|h m{~z|(hqoa y~moaj{gd{" j{~| ymzg kmn~|h y~moaj{ahdgobaylao zgy~azad{qoa y~zak Jgyl{q spmoaqhlao{dmcl l jmhya{adcoa ym{~zanda km psy(y~gc| z y~z|sz|hl jblad{ghl$Dg ym~{fmblg s{qkad{p l hmk|ce gnsmbpad{pczajgh| km 71 jpla{dlg >99< $ ^a`qbghldl szcza`| jmdjq~sq? ppp$lpy$cmh$ybQpg`g' Jmg Dgqjmpa Pzm~dlc{pg

LPY qfqdkmpg ym ~gz yla~psz| Dg`~mk kbgdgoy~dlao kzlggoca`m Jmg Dgqjmpa`m zgo(hqoca`m sl pzm~dlc{pah$ Dg z`mszadlg z myl(sah kzlggbdmcl czajgh|km 71 hgog >99< $Y~z|`m{mpqoah| syacogbd| y~m`~gh psyy~gc|z m~`gdlzgcoghl s{qkadcjlhl$

Yg{~mdg{ emdm~mp| dgk y~m`~ghah \mqd` Ka(sl`d y~z|o Hldls{a~ Jqb{q~| l Kzlakzlc{pg Dg(~mkmpa`m$

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Ymbsjla dg| Lhg`lda CqyHlc~msmf{ Lhg`lda Cqy oas{ dgopljsz|h hl(kz|dg~mkmp|h jmdjq~sah kbg s{qkad{p"zplzgd|h z dmp|hl {acedmbm`lghl$ P {|h~mjq jmdjq~s oas{ m~`gdlzmpgd| ym ~gz slkh|"ym ~gz k~q`l pa psyy~gc| z Lds{|{q{ah Pzm~(dlc{pg Y~zah|smpa`m$Yg~{da~s{pm z LPY mnaohqoa jg{a`m~l Y~moaj ({mpgdla My~m`~ghmpgdlg$ Dgsz|h ymh|sahn|m py~mpgkzadla km s{qkadcjlce zasympy~moaj{qoc|ce my~m`~ghmpgdla s{qkad{ppzm~dlc{pg l `~g jl$ [m dgsz|h zkgdlah dgobay(sz| l dgosjq{aczdlaosz| symsn dg qympszace(dlgdla pzm~dlc{pg" ~mzpo dmp|ce y~mkqj{pl y~mhmco dmpmczasda`m y~mcasq y~moaj{m(pgdlg$ G ymps{goca {gj y~moaj{| hgo szgdsn| lddmpgc|oda" y~mfasomdgbda {acedmbm`lczdla"g {gja q|{jmpm l plzqgbdla$ Ymbsjg n|g yla~p(sz|h j~goah" p j{~|h p zasz|h ~mjq ~hgHlc~msmf{ z~agblzmpgg { jmdcayco$P {|h ~mjq hm{{m y~zapmkdla jmdjq~sq n~zhl?P|mn~g smnla plg{" p j{~|h {acedmbm`lg ym(hg`g ~mzplzg dgo{~qkdlaosza y~mnbah| bqkz(jmcl$Fldg| j~gompa Lhg`lda Cqy >9973hgog >99< p slakzlnla Lds{|{q{q Pzm~dlc{pgY~zah|smpa`m$ _p|clzc| ymogk km Jgl~q"`kzla p blycq mknk sl plg{mpa dg| jmd(jq~sq Lhg`lda Cqy >99


45/48

;1

Pg~{m kmkgdg$plg{mpa pzm~dlc{pm z YmbsjlCz|h oas{ pzm~dlc{pm kzlslgo= P ogjlce jmd({ajs{gce fqdjcomdqoa$ Ogj plaba kzlgg hqsl slsym{jg l ogj plaba pg~qdjp hqsl zms{g sya(dlmd|ce" gn| kmn~za zgy~moaj{mpgd| y~mkqj{mkdls sqjcas dg ~|djq= Cm p {gj ~mzqhlgd|hpzm~dlc{pla hgo km ymplakzadlg Ymbgc|= Og(jla s hmcda s{~md| dgsza`m y~moaj{mpgdlg=

Hgh| sl cz|h cepgbl$ Ymbsjla pzm~dlc{pm oas{hmcda l cg| czgs sl ~mzplog$ Oas{ah| kmn~z|p y~moaj{mpgdlq hanbl" ~mkjp {~gdsym~{q"sy~z{q hak|czda`m" s|s{ahp L[$ Hgh| m~|(`ldgbd| symsn jsz{gcadlg y~moaj{gd{p qczsl p gjgkahlgce sz{qjl" g plc qhlao yg{~za~pdla ogj g~{|cl$

Dg p|s{gplaPg~{m kmkgdg$ plg{mpapzm~dlc{pm z Ymbsjl z c|jbq kmn~a y~gj{|jly~moaj{mpa ymjgah| dgobaysz| psyczasd|ymbsjl kasl`d" dmpg{m~sjla ~agblzgcoa" j{~a dg(sz|h zkgdlah hgo plabjl ym{adcog" n| kmcz|km plg{mpao czmpjl$Jq~g{m~ghl p|s{gp| s Nag{g Nmcelsjg m~gzJ~z|sz{mf Nlabsjl" scadm`~g my~gcmpg HgclaoOq~jmpsjl$ _gy~gszgh| km sgbl lh$ Pgdk| [abg(jmpsjlao p LPY mk >7 hgog km 6 p~zadlg$

44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Kasl`d Fmq~ Abahad{s$ Psyczasd| kasl`d za SzpacolY~azad{gcoa szpakzjla hgo p Lds{|{qcla spm( o {~gk|co" mk 7


46/48

;6

Nadegh [gn~lzlSjq{acz(dg {~gdsfm~hgcog ~h|p 990

Pzm~dlc{pm y~zah|smpa ogjm kzlggbdm symaczdlaq|{aczdg" y~z|ogzdg czm(plajmpl" ce~mdlcg ~mkm(plsjm" {m {ahg{ {ao ld{a~a(

Nlnblm{ajg kasl`dq

Nlnblm{ajg Lds{|{q{q ymslgkg dgopljsz| p Ymbsca l oakad z dgopljsz|ce dg placlajsl`mznl~ p|syacogblzmpgd| pa pzm~dlc{pla y~zah|smp|h$ Cm hlaslc y~z|n|pgymdgk 19 dmp|ce {|{qp$ Ms{g{dlm" z h|b m y~zakslnlm~cgce l hgdg`a~gce" y~m bq( oah| spmoa znlm~| ymk j{ah p|kgpdlc{p m zg~zkzgdlq y~mkqj{ah z qpz`bkdladlahy~moaj{mpgdlg pzm~dlcza`m$ Ymdgk{m mfa~qoah| cz|{abdljmh qsq` y~z|`m{mpgdlg nl(nblm`~g l dg zgkgd| {ahg{$ Qsq`l nlnblm{ajl kms{yda s mdblda$

sqocao yqnbljgcol$ Gq{m~z|ymkj~abgo mkymplakzlgb(dm y~moaj{gd{p zg mce~m(d ~mkmplsjg dg{q~gbda`m"nazylaczas{pm jm~z|s{gdlgz kn~ jmdsqhyc|od|ce m~gzzgsygjgogdla ym{~zan syma(czas{pg$ Yqnbljgcog zgpla~gy~za`bk dgobaysz|ce y~moaj ({p z zgj~asq pzm~dlc{pgsmcogbda`m l ajmbm`lczda`m"p|~dlmd|ce dg hlkz|dg(~mkmp|ce jmdjq~sgce$

Kasl`d Klc{lmdg~|$ Ya~(syac{lvas md Kasl`d[a~hldmbm`| " p|k$ Nl~(jegqsa~ >995

[ad smpdlj zgld{a~asqoapsz|s{jlce" j{~|h sy~gpg ogsdao l oakdmzdgczdao {a~(hldmbm`ll kzlakzld| kasl`d oas{ nblsjg l dlaznkdg kbgp|hlgd| ldfm~hgcol l jmhq(dljmpgdlg sl psybd|h"syacogbls{|czd|h oz|jlah$ Pmy~gcmpgdlq egsa l ka dlcolpzlm qkzlg 779 gq{m~p

D m p m

c l n l n b l m

{ a c z d a

ymcemkzc|ce z Gqs{~ll" Gd(`bll" Dlahlac" Ogymdll" Embgd(kll" Szpgocg~ll l QSG$ Hlkz|(dg~mkmp| zasy gq{m~pdgbac|ce km mkba`|ce jqb({q~mpm mnszg~p my~gcmpgzgsn smpdlc{pg" myg{~qocymoclg ka dlcoghl$ P|kgp(dlc{pm m{pla~g k|sjqso dgky~z|szmcl {a~hldmbm`llpzm~dlc{pg$ Y~z|kg{da zg(~pdm kbg {|ce" j{~z| zgo(hqo sl {am~l m~gz y~gj{|jkasl`dq" ogj l kbg ngkgcz| ym( o l {pm~zadlg {a~hldmbm`ll~d|ce k|sc|ybld$

Nlnblm{ajg mdblda?ppp$lpy$cmh$yb- nlnblm{ajgCz|{abdlg LPYcz|ddg mk p{m~jqkm yl{jqmk 79$99 km 7


47/48


48/48

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

******** **************************** ****************

****************************************************

******** ***************************** ***************

****************************************************

****************************************************

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

******** *********************************** *********

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************************

************** ***************************** *********

****************************************************

****************************************************

****************************************** **********

****************************************** **********

****************************************** **********

_gybgdqo czgs oq {a~gzpa qkzlg p y~m`~ghla

ppp$lpy$cmh$yb-zsz

biuletyn iwp nr. 5

Documents