lessons learned from past notable disasters part iii b: china’ typhoons

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

PART III B: CHINA’ TYPHOONS

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK

FLOODS

TYPHOONS

EARTHQUAKES

LANDSLIDESS

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

CHINA’SCHINA’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

CHINA’SCHINA’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•TYPHOON HAZARDS•BLDG. INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: TYPHOON GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

• EVENTEVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COSTCOST

• BENEFITBENEFIT

•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

TYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES

TYPHOONS

CHINA IS AT RISK FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING EVERY YEAR IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE

TYPHOONSTYPHOONS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS

STORM SURGE

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS

FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

20O5’S TYPHOON MATSA(second of eight to make landfall in China in 2005)

Matsa made landfall late on August 5 near Yuhuan in the southern region of Zhejiang

Province.

STORM TRACK OF MATSA AUGUST 2005

IMPACTS OF MATSA

• In the People's Republic of China, heavy rain fall in combination with strong wind destroyed about 59,000 houses and damaged more than 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi) of croplands; causing 25 fatalities and $18 billion in damage[

2011’S SUPER TYPHOON MUIFA

““A RAIN BOMB”A RAIN BOMB”

--- AND THE WORST TYPHOON SINCE --- AND THE WORST TYPHOON SINCE TYPHOON MATSA IN 2005TYPHOON MATSA IN 2005

STORM TRACK OF MUIFAJULY 27 - AUGUST 10, 2011

STORM TRACK OF MUIFAJULY 27 - AUGUST 10, 2011

IMPACTS OF MUIFA

• On August 6, as super typhoon Muifa approached Mainland China, over 200,000 people were evacuated from low-lying areas.

• 1.35 million people were evacuated from Shanghai and other locations as the storm approached landfall in northern China.

IMPACTS MUIFA

• Heavy rain (“the rain bomb”) and strong winds affected more than 10 provinces of China for three days, beginning on August 7

IMPACTS OF MUIFA

• Muifa battered the provinces of Liaoning, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, affecting 1.74 million residents, and damaging 101,000 hectares of farmland, with estimated economic losses of US $480 million.

2012’S TYPOONS WITH A FOCUS OF THOSE

AFFECTING CHINA

STORM TRACKS AS OF SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

THE FORECAST UNDER-ESTIMATED THE 2012 SEASON

The actual season EXCEEDED the forecast, which was based on the expectation of El Nino’s impacts in the Pacific.

But, as forecast, China was significantly impacted.

NAMES OF 2012’S STORMS

• PAKHAR – March 27

• MARWAR – May 31-June 6

• TALIM – June 8

• DOKSURI – June 25-30

• VICENTE – July 24-25

• SAOLA – July 28

• DAMREY – August 1

NAMES OF 2012’S STORMS

• HAIKUI – August 6

• KIROGI – August 9

• TAI-TAK – August 16

• TEMBIN – August 18

• BOLAVEN – September 4

• SAMBA – THE WORST, September 12

• JELAWAT – September 20

NAMES OF THE STORMS OF 2012

• EWINIAR – September 24

• MALEKSI – September 29

• GAEMI – September 29

• PRAPIROON – October 7

• MARIA – October 14

• SON-TINH – October 19

• BOPHA – Nov. 29-Dec. 5

As of August 22, 15 typhoons had formed in the

northwest Pacific Ocean and south China Sea, with six of them making landfall

in China, more than twice as many as in 2011.

CONSECUTIVE INPACTS IN CHINA: JULY-SEPTEMBER: 2012

• Consecutive tropical storms/typhoons (Vicente, Talim, Saola, Damrey, Haikui, Kai-Tak, Talem, and Bolaven) left at least 51 died, displaced over 4.1 million people, and caused direct economic losses exceeding 1 billion USD.

TROPICAL STORM DOKSURI: JUNE 25-30

DOKSURI IMPACTED THE PHILIPPINES, TAIWAN, AND CHINA

• Over $54 million in wind and water damage.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS

• PREPAREDNESS MEANS THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH VELOC-ITY WIND FIELDS AND RAIN AND PLAN IN ADVANCE.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT

ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF MANY BUILDINGS.

TYPHOON VINCENTE CAUSES RECORD FLOODING IN BEIJING,

CHINA AREA

JULY 24-25, 2012

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS.

• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

VICENTE

VICENTE’S PATH ENROUTE TO GUONGDONG, CHINA

SOLDIERS WITH SANDBAGS: FANGSHAN DISTRICT

VICENTE: A CAT 4 STORM

• After landfall in Guangdong, China on July 24th, Vincente became a rainmaker across China

VICENTE: A CAT 4 STORM WITH A REGIONAL IMPACT

• After landfall on July 24th in Guangdong, China, Vicente became a big rainmaker, causing regional flooding in diverse places like Beijing (the capitol) and Hong Kong.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR

INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

VINCENTE CAUSES FLOODING IN BEIJING

BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY; JULY 24, 2012

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR

RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY; CLEANING UP

BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY: CLEANING UP

Vicente’s flooding was devastating in spite of flood

control measures added since the 1940’s: dams, 280 000 km of embankments, 86 000 reservoirs, and 97 flood

retention areas

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

• Worst deluge in 61 years

• One day of rainfall in the Beijing area (18 inches) was equal to 6 months of normal rainfall

• 100 dead; 38 in Beijing area

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

• $1.6 billion in urban damage

• 57,000 forced from homes

• Over 12,000 hectares of agricultural food crops impacted,

TYPHOON SAOLA: JULY 28

TYPHOON DAMREY: AUGUST 1

TYPHOON HAIKUI: AUGUST 6

TYPHOON TAI-TAK (HELEN): AUGUST 15

Typhoon Kai-Tak left three people dead, one person missing and forced over

111,500 people to evacuate their homes in southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang

autonomous region

TYPHOON BOLAVEN: SEPTEMBER 4

TYPHOON BOLAVEN: CHINA

• Typhoon Bolaven triggered heavy flooding in China's northeastern region, driving thousands from their homes.

TROPICAL STORM TALIM: CHINA; JULY 8, 2012