lessons learned from past notable disasters the caribbean part 2: severe windstorms

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS THE CARIBBEAN PART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS THE CARIBBEAN PART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters. Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric interactions create situations favorable for - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

THE CARIBBEANPART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters

Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric interactions create situations favorable for

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASINDISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASINDISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

FLOODS

WINDSTORMS

EARTHQUAKES

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRAD-ATION

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES

GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES

THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

The Caribbean: long referred to as the West

Indies, includes more than 7,000 islands; of these, 13

are independent island countries

ISLANDS POSSESSING MINOR VOLCANIC FEATURES

• Aruuba, Barbados, Bahamas, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Saint Croix, and Antigua

ISLANDS POSSESSING RUGGED MOUNTAIN RANGES

• Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, ,Dominica, Montserrat, Saba, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Thomas, Saint John, Tortola, Grenada, Saint Vincent, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Trinidad and Tobago

PAST HURRICANE SEASONS

NOTE: The number and intensity of storms vary each year as a function of the presence or absence of El Nino

(a cooling effect in the Pacific)

2012’S STORM TRACKS

2009’S STORM TRACKS

2003’S STORM TRACKS

ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS

ELEMENTS OF SEVERE ELEMENTS OF SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK WINDSTORM RISK

ELEMENTS OF SEVERE ELEMENTS OF SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK WINDSTORM RISK

EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE

VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION

RISKRISKRISKRISK

THE SEVERE WINDSTORM HAZARDS

ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)

• WIND FIELD

• STORM SURGE

• HEAVY PRECIPITATION

• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

• COSTAL EROSION

• TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS

STORM SURGE

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS

FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE

POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM

INTERACT WITH A CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S COMMUNITIES

A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE

POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM

INTERACT WITH A CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S COMMUNITIES

A DISASTER is ---

--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., windstorms, floods,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause

extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,

joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

EXAMPLES OF PAST SEVERE WINDSTORM

DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN

NOW MORE THAN 1325 DYNAMIC LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING

• EACH HURRICANE TEACHES IMPORTANT TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL LESSONS ABOUT HURRICANE DISASTER RESILIENCE.

CAT 5 HURRICANE DEAN: PRESSURE = 918; 13-23 AUGUST

HURRICANE DEAN: CATEGORY 4 STORM ON AUGUST 17, 2007

HURRICANE DEAN: A CATEGORY 2-3 STORM ON AUGUST 17

• The eye of hurricane Dean, the first of the North Atlantic season, passed between the Caribbean islands: Saint Lucia and Martinique, on Friday, August 17.

• The two islands, less than 80 km (50 mi) apart were, were struck with winds of 165 - 200 km per hour (100 - 125 mi per hour), storm surge, and heavy rain.

PATH OF HURRICANE DEAN: AUGUST 13 – AUGUST 23

ONE OF 2001’S WORST DISASTERS

ONE OF 2001’S WORST DISASTERS

• 6. HURRICANE MICHELE (CARIBBEAN)

• $1,000 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS WITH $200 MILLION INDEMNIFIED BY INSURANCE

• 16 DEATHS

• $1,000 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS WITH $200 MILLION INDEMNIFIED BY INSURANCE

• 16 DEATHS

THE ALTERNATIVE TO A SEVERE WINDSTORM

DISASTER IS

SEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

THE ALTERNATIVE TO A SEVERE WINDSTORM

DISASTER IS

SEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S ISLAND’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S ISLAND’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• WINDSTORM HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

WINDSTORM RISK WINDSTORM RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

WINDSTORM DISASTER WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WIND-STORMS

PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL THE LIKELY SEVERE WIND-STORM HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WIND-STORMS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL WINDSTORMS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

SEVERE WINDSTORMS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN ARE INEVITABLE

SEVERE WINDSTORMS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN ARE INEVITABLE

• ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT.

STRATEGIC COLLABORATION FOR BECOMINMG

WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT

STRATEGIC COLLABORATION FOR BECOMINMG

WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT

STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PURPOSE

• MONITORING FOR WARNING AND EVACUATION

• PROTECTION

• PURPOSE

• MONITORING FOR WARNING AND EVACUATION

• PROTECTION

• TECHNIQIE

• DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION

• WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION

• TECHNIQIE

• DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION

• WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION

STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PURPOSE

• LAND USE CONTROL

• COMMUNITY PROTECTION

• PURPOSE

• LAND USE CONTROL

• COMMUNITY PROTECTION

• TECHNIQIE

• COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

• DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS

• TECHNIQIE

• COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

• DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS

STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PURPOSE

• TEMPORARY SHELTER

• INSURANCE and (SELF-INSURANCE)

• PURPOSE

• TEMPORARY SHELTER

• INSURANCE and (SELF-INSURANCE)

• TECHNIQIE

• SAFE HAVENS FOR EVACUEES

• FACILITATE RECOVERY

• TECHNIQIE

• SAFE HAVENS FOR EVACUEES

• FACILITATE RECOVERY

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

• REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS

• MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION)

• REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS

• MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION)

• DATABASES• WIND ENGINEERING • MAPS: STORM SURGE• DISASTER SCENARIOS• STORM CHASER

PLANES/DRONES• WARNING SYSTEMS• RISK MODELING (E.G.,

HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)

• DATABASES• WIND ENGINEERING • MAPS: STORM SURGE• DISASTER SCENARIOS• STORM CHASER

PLANES/DRONES• WARNING SYSTEMS• RISK MODELING (E.G.,

HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)