lessons learned from past notable disasters the caribbean part 2: severe windstorms
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS THE CARIBBEAN PART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters. Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric interactions create situations favorable for - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
THE CARIBBEANPART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric interactions create situations favorable for
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASINDISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASINDISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRAD-ATION
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
The Caribbean: long referred to as the West
Indies, includes more than 7,000 islands; of these, 13
are independent island countries
ISLANDS POSSESSING MINOR VOLCANIC FEATURES
• Aruuba, Barbados, Bahamas, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Saint Croix, and Antigua
ISLANDS POSSESSING RUGGED MOUNTAIN RANGES
• Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, ,Dominica, Montserrat, Saba, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Thomas, Saint John, Tortola, Grenada, Saint Vincent, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Trinidad and Tobago
PAST HURRICANE SEASONS
NOTE: The number and intensity of storms vary each year as a function of the presence or absence of El Nino
(a cooling effect in the Pacific)
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF SEVERE ELEMENTS OF SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK WINDSTORM RISK
ELEMENTS OF SEVERE ELEMENTS OF SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK WINDSTORM RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND FIELD
• STORM SURGE
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION
• TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)
WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM
INTERACT WITH A CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S COMMUNITIES
A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM
INTERACT WITH A CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S COMMUNITIES
A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., windstorms, floods,…) intersect at a point in space and time.
Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
NOW MORE THAN 1325 DYNAMIC LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING
• EACH HURRICANE TEACHES IMPORTANT TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL LESSONS ABOUT HURRICANE DISASTER RESILIENCE.
HURRICANE DEAN: A CATEGORY 2-3 STORM ON AUGUST 17
• The eye of hurricane Dean, the first of the North Atlantic season, passed between the Caribbean islands: Saint Lucia and Martinique, on Friday, August 17.
• The two islands, less than 80 km (50 mi) apart were, were struck with winds of 165 - 200 km per hour (100 - 125 mi per hour), storm surge, and heavy rain.
ONE OF 2001’S WORST DISASTERS
ONE OF 2001’S WORST DISASTERS
• 6. HURRICANE MICHELE (CARIBBEAN)
• $1,000 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS WITH $200 MILLION INDEMNIFIED BY INSURANCE
• 16 DEATHS
• $1,000 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS WITH $200 MILLION INDEMNIFIED BY INSURANCE
• 16 DEATHS
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A SEVERE WINDSTORM
DISASTER IS
SEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A SEVERE WINDSTORM
DISASTER IS
SEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S ISLAND’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S ISLAND’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• WINDSTORM HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
WINDSTORM RISK WINDSTORM RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
WINDSTORM DISASTER WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-STORMS
PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL THE LIKELY SEVERE WIND-STORM HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-STORMS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WINDSTORMS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
SEVERE WINDSTORMS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN ARE INEVITABLE
SEVERE WINDSTORMS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN ARE INEVITABLE
• ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT.
STRATEGIC COLLABORATION FOR BECOMINMG
WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT
STRATEGIC COLLABORATION FOR BECOMINMG
WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE
• MONITORING FOR WARNING AND EVACUATION
• PROTECTION
• PURPOSE
• MONITORING FOR WARNING AND EVACUATION
• PROTECTION
• TECHNIQIE
• DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION
• WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION
• TECHNIQIE
• DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION
• WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE
• LAND USE CONTROL
• COMMUNITY PROTECTION
• PURPOSE
• LAND USE CONTROL
• COMMUNITY PROTECTION
• TECHNIQIE
• COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
• DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS
• TECHNIQIE
• COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
• DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE
• TEMPORARY SHELTER
• INSURANCE and (SELF-INSURANCE)
• PURPOSE
• TEMPORARY SHELTER
• INSURANCE and (SELF-INSURANCE)
• TECHNIQIE
• SAFE HAVENS FOR EVACUEES
• FACILITATE RECOVERY
• TECHNIQIE
• SAFE HAVENS FOR EVACUEES
• FACILITATE RECOVERY
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
• REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS
• MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION)
• REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS
• MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION)
• DATABASES• WIND ENGINEERING • MAPS: STORM SURGE• DISASTER SCENARIOS• STORM CHASER
PLANES/DRONES• WARNING SYSTEMS• RISK MODELING (E.G.,
HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• DATABASES• WIND ENGINEERING • MAPS: STORM SURGE• DISASTER SCENARIOS• STORM CHASER
PLANES/DRONES• WARNING SYSTEMS• RISK MODELING (E.G.,
HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)