LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS.

TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS,

FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK

EARTHQUAKES

TYPHOONS

FLOODS

LANDSLIDES

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

TYPHOONS

TAIWAN IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE

TYPHOONSTYPHOONS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS

STORM SURGE

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS

FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

TAIWAN’STAIWAN’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

TAIWAN’STAIWAN’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•TYPHOON HAZARDS•BLDG. INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: TYPHOON GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES

LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS

SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS

PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING

GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

Physics Of A Typhoon

HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)

• WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)]

• DEBRIS

• STORM SURGE

• HEAVY PRECIPITATION

• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

• COSTAL EROSION

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT

ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS.

• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

TYPHOON MORACOT

Morakot was the most devastating storm of the

deadly 2009 Pacific typhoon season and was also the

deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history

MORACOT’S FLOODING

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

MORACOT’S IMPACTS

• Morakot dumped a total of 2.5 meters (100 inches) of rain on the island.

TYPHOON MORACOT: FLOODING CHIATUNG CO.

TYPHOON MORACOT: SUBMERGED HOUSE

TYPHOON MORACOT: COLLAPSE OF HOTEL

TYPHOON MORACOT: RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGED

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR

INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE WORKERS

TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION BY MILITARY

TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION OF ELDERLY

OTHER NOTABLE TYPHOONS IMPACTING

TAIWAN

NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003 NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003

• TYPHOON DUJUAN TIAWAN

• 1-3 SEPTEMBER

• THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED

• AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST

• $320 M LOSS• $-- 0 INSURED LOSS• 42 DEATHS

• THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED

• AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST

• $320 M LOSS• $-- 0 INSURED LOSS• 42 DEATHS

NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001

NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001

TYPHOON NARI (TIAWAN)

• $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS

• PARTIAL INDEMNIFI-CATION BY INSURANCE

• 93 DEATHS

• $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS

• PARTIAL INDEMNIFI-CATION BY INSURANCE

• 93 DEATHS

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NATURAL HAZARDS

• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

TYPHOON MORACOT: DEBRIS IN FUGANG HARBOR

MAIN INSIGHTS FROM SEVERE WINDSTORMS

• EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY ARE VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES

• WIND ENGINEERING PROTECTS BUILDINGS

• WIND INSURANCE POOLS SPREADS RISK

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

• EVENTEVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COSTCOST

• BENEFITBENEFIT

•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

TYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN

ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOONS AND EARTHQUAKES

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES

LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS

SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS

PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING

GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

MORACOT’S IMPACTS

• At least 40 people dead, many as the result of a village being buried by a landslide (mudslide) during the storm..

TYPHOON MORACOT: LANDSLIDE; AUGUST 2009

TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE FROM MUDSLIDE AREA

LANDSLIDE EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND

RAIN APRIL 26, 2010

Following several days of rain, a hillside collapsed onto a three-lane highway over a 300-meter stretch, burying three cars and

disrupting traffic.

LANDSLIDE AFTER EARTHQUAKE

SEARCH AND RESCUE