saptahik nov. 23, 2007 gda/ jfggda/...

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jif{ !# c+s @& sf7df8f} +, z'qmaf/, d+l;/ &, @)^$ SAPTAHIK Nepali National Weekly Friday, Nov. 23, 2007 k[i7 @$ d"No ?= *÷– -l;Gb"/_ dfq 5 . cf]cf/hL dfu{sf] tYofª\sn] sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] sflGTfk'/ ;dfrf/ tyf dx rf}tf/LnfO{ cTolws nf]slk|o -s'n 6]lnlehg bz{ssf] $) k|ltzt_ dfg] klg tL sfo{qmd bLks/fh lu/Lsf] tLtf] ;To -&@ k|ltzt_ eGbf k5fl8 g} 5g\ . bLks/fh lu/Lsf] of] nf]slk|otf;“u} pgsf] cfo 6]lnlehgsdL{x¿dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . s'g} a]nf kqsf/ ljhos'df/ ;a}eGbf dx“uf 6]lnlehgsdL{ lyP, clxn] bLks/fh lu/Ln] ljhos'df/sf] sdfOnfO{ klg pl5g]sf 5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, s'g} a]nf bLkssf] syfdf bLkf>L lg/f}nfsf] k|j]z gx'g] xf] eg] Tof] syf ck"/f] x'G5 . 6]lnlehgsf] kbf{df bLks/fh lu/L tyf bLkf>L lg/f}nfsf] clego b]v]kl5 w]/}n] pgLx¿nfO{ >Ldfg\–>LdtL g} dfG5g\ . ;fKtflxssf sltko kf7sn] bLks–bLkf>L >Ldfg\– >LdtL x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ eg]/ k|Zg klg ;f]Wg] u/]sf 5g\ . bLks tLg 5f]/f5f]/Lsf a'af tyf Pp6f >LdtLsf klt ePsf] yfxf ePkl5 pgLx¿sf sltko km\ofg lg/fz klg ePsf 5g\ . …o;af6 xfd|F] hf]8L ;'xfPsf] 5 eGg] k|:6 x'G5 .Ú nueu Pp6} z}nLdf bLks / bLkf eG5g\, …xfdLn] cfkm\gf] sfdk|lt slt Wofg lbPsf 5f} +, of] /fd|f] pbfx/0f xf] .Ú h;/L dbg s[i0f / xl/j+z Ps–csf{sf k"/s dflgG5g\, g]kfnL bz{sn] bLks / bLkf>LnfO{ klg To:t} hf]8L dfg]sf 5g\ . of] kbf{aflx/ dfq xf]Og, kbf{k5fl8 klg hd]sf] hf]8L xf] . pgLx¿ klg Ps–csf{nfO{ slt;Dd glhs dfG5g\ eg] bLksn] ;a}h;f] b'Mvsf s'/f bLkf;“u ;f6\5g\ eg] bLkfsf] klg b'Mv la;fpg] rf}tf/L bLks g} x'g\ . …d]/f] Jofj;flos hLjgdf bLkfsf] 7"nf] dxŒj 5, kfl/jfl/s hLjgdf d]/L >LdtLsf] h:t} .Ú bLkf / bLks ;fKtflxs;“u klxnf]kN6 bLkf;“usf] ;DaGwdf v'n]/ s'/f ub} { bLksn] eg], …bLkfdf ToxL s'/f 5, h'g sdhf]/L ddf 5 .Ú bLkfdf snfsf/ Joj:yfkg Ifdtf, k|fljlws 1fg Pj+ sfdk|lt nufj ePsf] bLks atfp“5g\ . …d cgfjZos efj's 5' . To;nfO{ /f]Sg dnfO{ bLkfh:t} ;fyLsf] vf“rf] lyof] .Ú otf bLkf klg cfkm\gf] hLjgdf bLkssf] Jojxf/n] 7"nf] kl/jt{g NofPsf] :jLsf/ ul5{g\ . …;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] d]/f] ljjfx clxn];Dd x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f g} xfd|f] Jofj;flos ;DaGw xf] .Ú bLkf elG5g\, …xfd|f] ;DaGwnfO{ a'em\g g;Sg] k'?if;“u d ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg“ . d]/f nflu d]/f] j}jflxs hLjgeGbf d]/f] 6Ld dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . cem :ki6 eGg] xf] eg] bLkshL dxŒjk"0f{ x'g'x'G5 .Ú of] Jofo;flos ;DaGwsf af/]df bLkssf s]xL ;fyLefOn] 3/df s'/f nufP/ pgLx¿sf] ;DaGw laufg]{ k|of; gu/]sf xf]Ogg\, t/ bLkssL >LdtL d]g'sf lu/L elG5g\, …d d]/f] >Ldfg\nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf ljZjf; u5'{ . pxf“ aflx/ s] ug' {x'G5, To;sf] ;/f]sf/ dnfO{ x'“b}g, lsgeg] pxf“ ;a}sf] snfsf/ xf] . af“sL k[i7 ^ df af“sL k[i7 ^ df cldt kn;“u km';{bsf] s'/fsfgL k[i7 !) df a]aL clZjgL sf]O/fnf snfsf/ ePkl5 sf] slt gDa/df 5 eg]/ u0fgf ug] { rng ljZjJofkL 5 . oBlk bLks/fh lu/LnfO{ o:tf] gDal/ª dg kb} {g . pgnfO{ dg gk/]/ s] ef] < tYof+sn] pgnfO{ gDal/ª u/]sf] u¥o} 5 . h:tf], pgL 6]lnlehg ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf cufl8 5g\ . pgsf] sfo{qmd tLtf] ;To clxn] g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ 6]lnlehg sfo{qmddWo] ;a}eGbf cufl8 5 . s]xL ;doklxn];Dd g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] ;dfrf/ ;a}eGbf a9L x]l/g] sfo{qmd lyof] . clxn] tLtf] ;Ton] ;dfrf/nfO{ klg pl5g]sf] 5 . cf]cf/hL dfu{n] u/]sf] tfhf ;j] {If0fcg';f/ 6]lnlehg x]g] { s'n bz{sdWo] &@ k|ltztn] tLtf] ;To x]5{g\, hals ;dfrf/ x]g] { bz{ssf] ;+Vof $@ k|ltzt dfq 5 . olb c¿ dgf]/~hg sfo{qmd;“u tLtf] ;TonfO{ bf“h]/ x]g] { xf] eg] pgsf] t'ngf s'g} klg sfo{qmd;“u ug{ ;Gtf]if kGt …lxhf]cfhsf s'/fÚ dfkm{t ;a}eGbf a9L /sd lng] snfsf/ lyP, clxn] tLtf] ;Ton] ;Gtf]if kGtsf] /]s8{ klg tf]8]sf] 5 . ;'?df bLks/fh lu/L]n] tLtf] ;Todfkm{t 6]lnlehg;“u k|ltPlk;f]8 #% xhf/ ?k}of“ lnGy], clxn] k|ltPlk;f]8 () xhf/ ?k}of“ lnG5g\ . g]kfnL 6]lnlehg kbf{df tLtf] ;To Psdfq o:tf] sfo{qmd xf], h;sf] lj1fkg /]6 k|ltldg]6 $) xhf/ ?k}of“ 5 . olt w]/} /sd lt/]/ klg sfo{qmddf lj1fkg b]vfpg ;lhnf] 5}g, o;sf nflu lj1fkgbftfx¿n] kfnf] s'g'{kl//x]sf] bfaL tLtf] ;Tosf] k|:tf]tf ldl8of xasf] 5 . bLks/fh lu/Lsf] ;kmntf ;fgf] kbf{df dfq ;Lldt 5}g . pgL 7"nf] kbf{sf klg dx“uf snfsf/ x'g\ . pgn] xfn} …h'Qf vfg] a'xf/LÚ rnlrqdf clego u/]afkt ! nfv %) xhf/ ?k}of“ kfl/>lds lnP . of] /sd /fh]z xdfn tyf lglvn pk| ]tLn] cfhef]ln lng] kfl/>ldssf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . pgL uf]kLs[i0f d'lehsf] rnlrq …;'Gb/ d]/f] gfdÚ df klg gfossf ¿kdf b]vf kb} {5g\ . nf]slk|otf a9\b} uPkl5 pgn] v]Ng] lj1fkg -! nfv ?k}of“sf] xf/fxf/L_ tyf :6]h sfo{qmdsf] /]6 -:jb]zdf k|ltlbg @) xhf/ ?k}of“Pj+ ljb]zdf k|ltlbg @ nfv ?k}of“_ dfly uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf snfsfl/tfsf] :sf]k 5}g eGg]x¿sf aLrdf bLks/fh lu/L ljb]z hfg} gDa/ jfg gDa/ jfg ldNb}g . g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] cGo sfo{qmd lh/] v';f{gL, em\ofO“ s'6L em\ofO“, d]/L af:;}sf] bz{s;ª\Vof %% k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . cem g]kfnL 6]ln>[ª\vnfsf] bz{s;ª\Vof t !) k|ltzt dWok[i7df l;Dkn yfkf ;fOa/ un{ k[i7 !$ df cfnf]s g]Djfª;“u hDsfe]6 k[i7 !$ df

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Page 1: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

jif{ !# c+s @& sf7df8f}+, z'qmaf/, d+l;/ &, @)^$ SAPTAHIK Nepali National Weekly Friday, Nov. 23, 2007 k[i7 @$ d"No ?= *÷–

-l;Gb"/_ dfq 5 . cf]cf/hLdfu{sf] tYofª\sn] sflGtk'/6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g]sflGTfk'/ ;dfrf/ tyf dxrf}tf/LnfO{ cTolws nf]slk|o-s'n 6]lnlehg bz{ssf] $)k|ltzt_ dfg] klg tL sfo{qmdbLks/fh lu/Lsf] tLtf] ;To -&@k|ltzt_ eGbf k5fl8 g} 5g\ .

bLks/fh lu/Lsf] of]nf]slk|otf;“u} pgsf] cfo6]lnlehgsdL{x¿dWo] ;a}eGbfa9L b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . s'g} a]nfkqsf/ ljhos'df/ ;a}eGbfdx“uf 6]lnlehgsdL{ lyP, clxn]bLks/fh lu/Ln] ljhos'df/sf]sdfOnfO{ klg pl5g]sf 5g\ .Tolt dfq xf]Og, s'g} a]nf

bLkssf] syfdf bLkf>Llg/f}nfsf] k|j]z gx'g] xf] eg] Tof]syf ck"/f] x'G5 . 6]lnlehgsf]kbf{df bLks/fh lu/L tyf bLkf>Llg/f}nfsf] clego b]v]kl5 w]/}n]pgLx¿nfO{ >Ldfg\–>LdtL g}dfG5g\ . ;fKtflxssf sltkokf7sn] bLks–bLkf>L >Ldfg\–>LdtL x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ eg]/ k|Zgklg ;f]Wg] u/]sf 5g\ . bLks tLg5f]/f5f]/Lsf a'af tyf Pp6f>LdtLsf klt ePsf] yfxf ePkl5pgLx¿sf sltko km\ofg lg/fzklg ePsf 5g\ . …o;af6 xfd|F]hf]8L ;'xfPsf] 5 eGg] k|:6 x'G5 .Únueu Pp6} z}nLdf bLks / bLkfeG5g\, …xfdLn] cfkm\gf] sfdk|ltslt Wofg lbPsf 5f}+, of] /fd|f]pbfx/0f xf] .Ú

h;/L dbg s[i0f / xl/j+zPs–csf{sf k"/s dflgG5g\, g]kfnLbz{sn] bLks / bLkf>LnfO{ klgTo:t} hf]8L dfg]sf 5g\ . of]kbf{aflx/ dfq xf]Og, kbf{k5fl8klg hd]sf] hf]8L xf] . pgLx¿klg Ps–csf{nfO{ slt;Dd glhsdfG5g\ eg] bLksn] ;a}h;f] b'Mvsfs'/f bLkf;“u ;f6\5g\ eg] bLkfsf]klg b'Mv la;fpg] rf}tf/L bLksg} x'g\ . …d]/f] Jofj;flos hLjgdfbLkfsf] 7"nf] dxŒj 5, kfl/jfl/shLjgdf d]/L >LdtLsf] h:t} .Ú

bLkf / bLks;fKtflxs;“u klxnf]kN6 bLkf;“usf];DaGwdf v'n]/ s'/f ub}{ bLksn] eg],…bLkfdf ToxL s'/f 5, h'g sdhf]/Lddf 5 .Ú bLkfdf snfsf/Joj:yfkg Ifdtf, k|fljlws 1fgPj+ sfdk|lt nufj ePsf] bLksatfp“5g\ . …d cgfjZos efj's5' . To;nfO{ /f]Sg dnfO{ bLkfh:t};fyLsf] vf“rf] lyof] .Ú otf bLkfklg cfkm\gf] hLjgdf bLkssf]Jojxf/n] 7"nf] kl/jt{g NofPsf]:jLsf/ ul5{g\ . …;f“Rr} eGg] xf]eg] d]/f] ljjfx clxn];Dd x'gg;Sg 'sf ] sf/0f g } xfd | f ]Jofj;flos ;DaGw xf] .Ú

b Lkf elG5g \ , …x fd | f ];DaGwnfO{ a'em\g g;Sg] k'?if;“ud ljjfx ug{ ;lSbg“ . d]/f nflud]/f] j}jflxs hLjgeGbf d]/f] 6LddxŒjk"0f{ 5 . cem :ki6 eGg] xf]eg] bLkshL dxŒjk"0f{ x'g'x'G5 .Ú

of] Jofo;flos ;DaGwsfaf/]df bLkssf s]xL ;fyLefOn]3/df s'/f nufP/ pgLx¿sf];DaGw laufg]{ k|of; gu/]sfxf]Ogg\, t/ bLkssL >LdtL d]g'sflu/L elG5g\, …d d]/f] >Ldfg\nfO{k"0f{ ¿kdf ljZjf; u5'{ . pxf“aflx/ s] ug'{x'G5, To;sf] ;/f]sf/dnfO{ x'“b}g, lsgeg] pxf“ ;a}sf]snfsf/ xf] .

af“sL k[i7 ^ dfaf“sL k[i7 ^ df

cldt kn;“ukm';{bsf] s'/fsfgL k[i7 !) df

a]aL

clZjgL sf]O/fnfsnfsf/ ePkl5 sf] slt

gDa/df 5 eg]/ u0fgf ug]{rng ljZjJofkL 5 . oBlkbLks/fh lu/LnfO{ o:tf]gDal/ª dg kb}{g . pgnfO{ dggk/]/ s] ef] < tYof+sn] pgnfO{gDal/ª u/]sf] u¥o} 5 . h:tf],pgL 6]lnlehg ;+;f/df;a}eGbf cufl8 5g\ . pgsf]sfo{qmd tLtf] ;To clxn]g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] dfq xf]Og,;Dk"0f{ 6]lnlehg sfo{qmddWo];a}eGbf cufl8 5 . s]xL;doklxn];Dd g]kfn6]lnlehgsf] ;dfrf/ ;a}eGbfa9L x]l/g] sfo{qmd lyof] .clxn] tLtf] ;Ton];dfrf/nfO{ klgpl5g]sf] 5 .cf]cf/hL dfu{n]u/]sf] tfhf;j]{If0fcg';f/6]lnlehgx]g]{ s'n

bz{sdWo] &@ k|ltztn] tLtf];To x]5{g\, hals

;dfrf/ x]g]{ bz{ssf];+Vof $@ k|ltztdfq 5 .

olb c¿dgf]/~hgsfo{qmd;“u tLtf];TonfO{ bf“h]/x]g]{ xf] eg] pgsf]t'ngf s'g} klgsfo{qmd;“u ug{

;Gtf]if kGt …lxhf]cfhsf s'/fÚdfkm{t ;a}eGbf a9L /sd lng]snfsf/ lyP, clxn] tLtf];Ton] ;Gtf]if kGtsf] /]s8{ klgtf]8]sf] 5 . ;'?df bLks/fhlu/L]n] tLtf] ;Todfkm{t6]lnlehg;“u k|ltPlk;f]8 #%xhf/ ?k}of“ lnGy], clxn]k|ltPlk;f]8 () xhf/ ?k}of“lnG5g\ . g]kfnL 6]lnlehgkbf{df tLtf] ;To Psdfq o:tf]sfo{qmd xf], h;sf] lj1fkg/]6 k|ltldg]6 $) xhf/?k}of“ 5 . olt w]/} /sdlt/]/ klg sfo{qmddflj1fkg b]vfpg ;lhnf] 5}g,o;sf nflu lj1fkgbftfx¿n]kfnf] s'g' {kl//x]sf] bfaL tLtf];Tosf] k|:tf]tf ldl8ofxasf] 5 .

bLks/fh lu/Lsf] ;kmntf;fgf] kbf{df dfq ;Lldt 5}g .pgL 7"nf] kbf{sf klg dx“ufsnfsf/ x'g\ . pgn] xfn} …h'Qfvfg] a'xf/LÚ rnlrqdf clegou/]afkt ! nfv %) xhf/?k}of“ kfl/>lds lnP . of]/sd /fh]z xdfn tyf lglvnpk|]tLn] cfhef]ln lng]kfl/>ldssf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 .pgL uf]kLs[i0f d'lehsf] rnlrq…;'Gb/ d]/f] gfdÚ df klggfossf ¿kdf b]vf kb}{5g\ .nf]slk|otf a9\b} uPkl5 pgn]v]Ng] lj1fkg -! nfv ?k}of“sf]xf/fxf/L_ tyf :6]h sfo{qmdsf]/]6 -:jb]zdf k|ltlbg @) xhf/?k}of“Pj+ ljb]zdf k|ltlbg @nfv ?k}of“_ dfly uPsf] 5 .g]kfndf snfsfl/tfsf] :sf]k5}g eGg]x¿sf aLrdfbLks/fh lu/L ljb]z hfg}

gDa/ jfggDa/ jfgldNb}g . g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6k|;f/0f x'g] cGo sfo{qmd lh/]v';f{gL, em\ofO“ s'6L em\ofO“, d]/Laf:;}sf] bz{s;ª\Vof %%k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . cemg]kfnL 6]ln>[ª\vnfsf]bz{s;ª\Vof t !) k|ltzt

dWok[i7df

l;Dkn yfkf;fOa/ un{ k[i7 !$ df

cfnf]s g]Djfª;“uhDsfe]6 k[i7 !$ df

Page 2: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007

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tkfO{+sf] of] ;ftftkfO{+sf] of] ;ftfHof]= k++= cf]h/fh pkfWofo nf]xgL

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of] ;ftfsf] k~rf·

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OG6/g];gnn]ufos;'zLn /fO{…;fO/;Ú sf]PsnuLlt;+u|x…l:kl/6Ú nfO{> f ] t f d f e mNofPsf] 5 . ;+u|xdf & j6f uLt;dfj]z 5g\ . uLlt;+u|xdf zAb,;+uLt ufos /fO{ :jo+sf] 5 .

af]s' lel;8Lufos >Ls[i0f n'O“6]nsf]

bf];|f] Psn lel;8L ;+u|x …af]s'Úbz{s–>f]tfdfem cfPsf] 5 .ufos n'O“6]nsf] bf];|f]uLlt;+u|xdf ;dfj]z ;a}uLtsf Do'lhslel8of]of]lel;8Ldfx]g{;lsG5 .odgDo'lhsn]ahf/dfNofPsf] of] ;+u|xdf !! j6fuLtsf Do'lhs lel8of] ;dfj]z5g\ . nfld5fg] af, d]/f] dfofltdLnfO{, s] d}n] em"6 af]n]sf],v8\lsgL efph" s;sL 5f]/Lt'n;Lh:tf uLtsf] lel8of] of];+u|xdf x]g{–;'Gg ;lsG5 .

OG6«fG;uflosf zlz /fjnsf] klxnf]

Psn uLlt;+u|x…OG6«fG;Úahf/dfcfPsf] 5 .Do'lhs86sdåf/fhf/L ul/Psf]of] uLlt;+u|xdf;ftj6f uLt;dfj]z 5g\ . ;+u|xdf zAbsfnLk|;fb af“:sf]6f, zlz /fjntyf s[i0f dNnsf] 5 eg] ;+uLtzlz /fjn, sfnLk|;fb af“:sf]6ftyf /f]zg afGtjfsf] 5 . sflQs & ut] M j}s'07 rt'b{zL, * ut] M k"l0f{df j|t, sflQ{s :gfg rt'df{; j|t ;dflKt, u'? gfgs hoGtL

;8s gf6s …gof“ cWofoÚ/fi6«;+3Lo hg;+Vof sf]if tyfcgldgsf] ;+o 'Qm ;xof ]udf;j{gfd lyo6/n] tof/ kf/]sf] xf] .gof“ cWofo aLgf gfd u/]sL Pshgf dlxnfn] ;dfg clwsf/ /klxrfgsf nflu u/]sf] ;+3if{sf]syfdf cfwfl/t 5 . aLgfn]g]kfnsf w]/} dlxnfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf

sl7gfOsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{'sf ;fy}pgLx¿sf] OR5fcfsf+Iffsf nflucfjfh p7fp“l5g\ . ;j{gfdlyo6/sf !@ hgf ;b:on]dª\l;/sf] cGt;Dddf kf“rj6}ljsf;If]qsf !% lhNnfsf ufp“tyf ;x/df of] ;8s gf6sd~rg ug]{5g\ .

vo/af]6] o'jf Snan]pbok'/sf] cf“k6f/ uf=lj=;=dfa'waf/ bfOhf];DaGwL ;8s gf6sk|bz{g u¥of] . ufp“3/df JofKtbfOhf] k|yf pGd"ng ug]{ p2]Zon]gf6s k|bz{g ul/Psf] SnasfcWoIf lbnaxfb'/ du/n] atfP .gf6sdf :yfgLo snfsf/x¿n]clego u/]sf lyP . gf6s x]g{6f9f6f9fsf ufp“af6 bz{sx¿cfPsf lyP .

–ljdn vltj8fvf]6fª lhNnfsf] nfld8f“8f,

efn '9 'Ë fdf ut cfOtaf/5'jf5"t;DaGwL ;8s gf6sk|bz{g eof] . g]kfnnfO{ wd{lg/k]If/fi6« 3f]lift ul/P klg 5'jf5"tk|yf cem} ufp“3/df JofKt /x]sf]eGb} dfemL / ljZjsdf{ ;d'bfosfdlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdfpQm gf6s k|bz{g u/]sf lyP .blnt eg]sf klg xfdLh:t} dflg;ePsfn] pgLx¿nfO{ lt/:sf/ xf]Ogdfof ug'{k5{ eGg] p2]Zon] gf6sk|bz{g ul/Psf] cfof]hs bLkHof]lt Snasf ;lrj jf;'b]jvltj8fn] atfP .

gf6\o ;+:yf cf/f]x0f–u '?s 'nn ] lj/f6gu/xf6vf]nfdf cfkm\g} ejg lgdf{0f

ug] { ePsf] 5 . ut a'waf/efiffzf:qL tyf k|fWofks afns[i0fkf]v/]nn] pQm ejgsf] lznfGof;u/]sf 5g\ .

cf/f]x0f u'?s'nn] cfufdLd+unaf/b]lv k'/fgf] afg]Zj/l:yt

dfg;Ddfg ldNg]5 . k/fqmda9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg] tyfgof “ sfd kfOg ] of ]u 5 .cfkmGtx¿n] ;xof]u ug]{5g\ . ofqfug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . s'/f sf6\g]x¿k|z+;f ug{ yfNg]5g\ . c¿sf] dglhTg ;lsg ]5 . cWoogdf;kmntf kfpg d'l:sn kg]{5 . af]nLk|efjzfnL x'g]5 .

vr{ Pj+ ljjfbsf ;fy} untljrf/ a9]/ sfddf cj/f]w cfpg;S5 . ;fgf]ltgf] e"nsf] klg 7"nf]kl/0ffd ef]Ug'kg]{5 . zlgaf/b]lvdfg;Ddfg ldNg]5 eg] c¿af6 ;xof]uk|fKt xf ]nf . cWoogdf ;kmntfldNg]5 . ;a}n] tkfO{+sf] af}l4stfsf] k|z+;fug]{5g\ . zq'af6 ;hu /xg'xf]nf .uf]klgotfdf ;kmntf b]lvG5 .

;dli6df ;ftf /fd|f] 5 .;'?df ;f]Rg] zlQm Pj+ Joj;foa9\g]5 eg] wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/h'6\g]5 . ofqf x'g;S5 . e]63f6n]dg k|;Gg agfpg]5 . cWoogdf;kmntf ldNg]5 . af]nL k|efjzfnLx'g]5 . zlgaf/ tyf cfOtaf/ vr{,ljjfb Pj+ lrGtfn] ;tfpg]5 . 3/]n';d:ofn] b'Mv lbg;S5 .

u|xuf]r/ /fd|f 5g\ . ;'?dfdfg;Ddfg ldNg]5 eg] ;f]Rg] zlQm Pj+k/fqmd a9\g]5 . wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/h'6\g]5 . cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“sfd kfOg] of]u 5 . cfkmGtx¿sf];xof]u xfl;n x'g]5 . ef]het]/df;fd]n x'g] cj;/ h'6] klg d+unaf/vr{, ljjfb Pj+ lrGtf a9\g] tyf sfddfcj/f]w cfpg] b]lvG5 .

;ftf /fd | f ] 5 . ; '?dfefUon] ;fy lbg ]5 . wfld {ss fdd f ? lr , k / f q md Pj +; f ]Rg ] zlQm a9 \g ]5 . cw '/fsfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfd kfOg]of]u 5 . dfg;Ddfg klg ldNg]5 .wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 .cWoogdf ;kmntf kfOg]5 . laxLaf/vr{ Pj+ ljjfb a9\g ;S5 .

;'?df :jf:Yodf cj/f ]wcfpg ;S5 . sfd lau |g fn ]dgf ]an 36 \g ]5 . cWoogdfcj/f ]w cfpg 'sf ;fy } untljrf/ a9\g;S5 . zlgaf/b]lve f U on ] ;fy lbg yfNg ]5 .dfg;Ddfg klg k|fKt xf]nf . wgcfh{g ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . c¿af6;xof]u klg k|fKt xf]nf .

ofqf x'g] of]u 5 . e]63f6df/dfpg] cj;/ h'6\g]5 . k/fqmda9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg]tyf gof“ sfd kfOg] of]u 5 .wg cfh{g x'g;S5 . c¿af6k|z+;f kfOP klg zlgaf/ tyfcfOtaf/ :jf:Yo u8a8 /xg],sfddf cj/f]w cfpg] Pj+ lrGtfa9\g] b]lvG5 .

zq' a9\g]5g\ . /f]un] klg;tfpg]5 . sfddf cj/f]w cfpgfn]dgf]an 36\g]5 . ;dodf lg0f{ogx'“bf xft k/]sf] sfd klg km'Tsg;S5 . em"6f cf/f]k nfUg;S5 .zlgaf/, cfOtaf/ tyf laxLaf/dfg;Ddfg ldNg], ofqf x'g] Pj+efUon] ;fy lbg] of]u 5 . af]nLk|efjzfnL x'g]5 .

;'?df ;f]Rg] zlQm a9\g]5 .cWoogdf ;kmntf ldNg]5 . ofqfx'g;S5 . cfkmGtx¿sf] ;xof]ukfOg]5 . cfDbfgLsf] gof“ ;|f]t km]nfkg]{5 . zlgaf/, cfOtaf/ tyflaxLaf/ zq' a9\g], sfddf cj/f]wcfpg], :jf:Yo u8a8 /xg] tyflrGtfn] ;tfpg] of]u 5 . z/L/dfrf]6k6s nfUg;S5 .

cfkmGtx¿sf] ;xof]u ldNg]5eg ] ;f ] Rg ] zlQm a9 \ g ] 5 .cWoogdf ;'wf/ cfpg]5 . ofqfx ' g; S5 . wg c fh { g k l gxf]nf . dfg;Ddfg ldNg'sf ;fy}s ' / f s f6 \ g ] x¿ k |z +; f ug {yfNg]5g\ . d+unaf/ tyf a'waf/zq', /f]u Pj+ lrGtf a9\g] of]u 5 .vr{ tyf ljjfbn] ;tfpg ;S5 .

k/fqmd a9\g]5 . cw'/f sfdaGg] tyf gof“ sfd kfOg] of]u5 . cfkmGtx¿n] ;xof ]u ug {yfNg ]5g \ . cWoogdf ; 'w f/cfpg]5 . wg cfh{g ug] { cj;/h'6\g]5 . s'/f sf6\g]x¿ k|z+;fug{ yfNg]5g\ . zq'b]lv ;hu/xg'xf]nf . ;kmntfsf nflu w}o{cfjZos 5 .

;'?df af]nLsf] k|efj a9\g]5 .k/fqmd a9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfdaGg] tyf gof“ sfd kfOg] of]u5 . cfkmGtx¿sf] ;xof]u a9\g]5 .cWoogdf ;kmntf ldNg]5 . wgcfh{g ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . ofqfx 'g;S5 . ;kmntfsf nf lu:jf:Yosf] Vofn ug'{xf]nf . c¿nfO{ljZjf; ul/xfNg' plrt x'“b}g .

–nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf;lqmo e " ldsf v ]n ]sfsnfsf/x¿nfO { nlntsnfl;h{gfaf6 ;Ddflgt ul/Psf]5 . ut z'qmaf/ nlntsnf;dLIfs ;dfhn] cfof]hgf u/]sf]sfo{qmddf nlntsnf bL3{l;h{gf ;Ddfgaf6 snfsf/xl/k |;fb zdf { , nlntsnfnf]stflGqs ;Ddfgaf6 ls/0fdfgGw/, nlntsnf o'jf l;h{gf;Ddfgaf6 8L/f kfNkfnL, ;'gLtf/fhf, e'jg yfkf tyf ;ljtflrqsf/nfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/Psf]lyof] . To;}u/L sfo{qmddf k|f=8f= uf]ljGbgf/fo0f Hofk'n]…nlntsnf l;h{gf ;Ddfg tyfnlntsnf ;dLIffÚ zLif{ssf]k':ts ljdf]rg u/]sf lyP .

–a+unfb]zaf6 cfPsfkf“r hgf o'jf snfsf/sf]l rqsn f k | bz { g L l xh f ]laxLaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .g ] k f n c f 6 { sfplG;naa/dxndf ut ;ftf k|f/DeePsf] pQm k|bz{gLsf] zLif{s…o'lg6L Og 8fOe/l;6LÚ cyf{t\ljljwtfdf Pstf /flvPsf]lyof] . klxnf] k6s g]kfndfk|bz{gL cfof]hgf u/]sf] of];d"xn] ljleGg :yfgdf cf7j6fk|bz{gL ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] 5 .a+ufnL cf6{ u|'k ;fGtf?gdf cfa4snfsf/x¿ ljef]n zfx, df]Gh'/cxdb, df]xDdb gl;/ pl4g,ztfAbL ;f]d tyf ;'jf;s'df/8]n] sf]/]sf lrqx¿ k|bz{gLdf/flvPsf lyP . k|bz{gLsf ]pb \3f6g g ]kfnsf nf lua+unfb]zsf /fhb"t OlDtofhcxdbn] u/]sf lyP .

l/dfn lyo6/df gf6s 8fS6/sgsnfO{ k'gM d~rg ug]{ ePsf]5 . k|mfG;]nL gf6s 8fS6/ gssf]g]kfnL ¿kfGt/0f 8fS6/ sgsnfO{/+usdL{ ;'gLn kf]v/]nn] lgb]{zgu/]sf 5g\\ . lrlsT;f k];fk|lt Jo+Uoul/Psf] of] gf6snfO{ sNkgfl3ld/] ]n] cg'jfb u/]sL x'g\ .gf6sdf sdndl0f g]kfn, ;f}uftdNn, c?0ff sfsL{ cflbn] clegou/]sf 5g\ .

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d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 #;ftf ;+If]k;ftf ;+If]k

sflQs #) z'qmaf/• b]zsf] zflGt–;'/Iffsf] l:yltsf

;DaGwdf dlGqkl/ifb\df 5nkmn,;'/Iffk|d'våf/f dlGqkl/ifb\sf]a}7sdf la|lkmª, dfcf]jfbL;lxt/fhg}lts bnsf sf/0f b]zsf];'/Iffl:ylt ;'lw|g g;s]sf] ;'/Iffk|d'vsf] l/kf]l6{ª .

• t];|f] d'n's hfg rfxg] z/0ffyL{nfO{;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwLpRrfof]uåf/f kmf/d ljt/0f, cd]l/sfhfg rfxg] @) xhf/n] kmf/d e/] .

• rf/ dlxgfcl3 kqsf/ k|sfz7s'/Lsf] ckx/0fdf ;+nUg ePsfb'O{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ k|x/Ln]kqmfp, 7s'/Lsf] cj:yf cem} c1ft .

d+l;/ ! zlgaf/• g]kfnsf] af6f] eP/ /Qm rGbgsf] t:s/L

/f]Sg ;3fpg ;/sf/åf/f ef/t tyfrLgnfO{ kqfrf/ .

d+l;/ @ cfOtaf/• g]kfnL sf+u| ];åf/f lgoldt

clwj]zgcl3 g} /fhg}ltsult/f]w cGTo ug{ ;fgf bnaLrljrf/–ljdz{ hf/L, u0ftGqsf]nlrnf] k|:tfjk|lt g]kfnL sf+u|];;sf/fTds .

• dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dåf/f;/sf/nfO{ kf“rlbg] clN6d]6d,;Demf }tf sfof {Gjog gePcfGbf]ngdf pqg] r]tfjgL .

d+l;/ # ;f]daf/• k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/df

sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sa:of], ;efklt sf]O/fnf ljz]ifclwj]zgdf t6:y a;]sf] eGb};b:ox¿ v'daxfb'/ v8\sf,ljho uR5]bf/ tyf ljgoWjhrGbåf/f c;Gt'li6 JoQm .

d+l;/ $ d+unaf/• ;+;b\sf] lgoldt clwj]zgsf]

klxnf] lbg g} !) lbgsf nfluclwj]zg ;fg]{ lg0f{o, o;} jif{lgjf{rg ug{ bnx¿ ;xdt .

• blIF0f sf]l/ofn] g]kfnsf] ;"rgf–k|ljlwsf] ljsf;df lbg nfu]sf]b'O{ ca{ C0f g]kfn ;/sf/åf/fc:jLsf/, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;dfafx]s cGodf C0f glng];/sf/L of]hgf ;fj{hlgs .

• c;'/Iffsf ] sf/0f b ]vfp“b }t/fO{sf uflj; ;lrjx¿åf/f/fhLgfdf, af/fsf (!, /f}tx6sf(^, ;nf {xLsf (( uflj;;lrjx¿sf] ;+o'Qm /fhLgfdf .

• nf]8;]l8ª a9\of], ;ftfsf] rf/306f nf]8;]l8ª x'g] .

• rLgn] Nxf;fb]lv sf7df8f}+;Ddsf];Lwf ;8s dfu{ agfpg], ;8sdfu{ tLg jif{df k"/f ug]{ lrlgof“;/sf/sf] of]hgf .

d+l;/ % a'waf/• ;/sf/sf] Ohfhtljgf O/fs k'u]sf

( hgf g]kfnL gful/s O/fsL;]gfsf] sAhfdf, b"tfjf; gePsfsf/0f klxrfg v'Ng g;s]sf] k//fi6«dGqfnosf] :ki6f]lQm .

• dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{åf/f gf]j]nd]l8sn sn]hsf ;~rfnsnfO{ckx/0fkl5 s'6lk6, ;j{q lj/f]w .

g]kfnsf] l:ylt / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Oofg dfl6{g

g]kfndf /fhg}lts 5nkmn /lg0f{o k|lj|mofsf nflu csf]{ Pp6fdxŒjk"0f{ ;ftf ;'? x'g nfu]sf]5 . g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lj|mofnfO{lbuf ] /fVg cgldgn] cfjZosdfg]sf tLgj6f If]qsf af/]df af]n]/d of] cGt/lj|mofnfO{ cl3 a9fpgrfxG5' . klxnf], zflGt k|lj|mofsf];kmntfsf nflu ;ft /fhg}ltsbnsf] Pstf sfod /fVg clxn] klgplQs} ckl/xfo{ 5 . uDeL/ dte]bsfIf0fdf klg d'n'ssf] lxtsf nflu;xdltdf k'Ug ;xsfo{ ug]{ Ifdtfcfkm"df ePsf] s'/f lat]sf b'O{ jif{dfg]kfnsf /fhg}lts g]tfx¿n]b]vfO;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] /fhg}ltsg]t[Tjn] olta]nf ;fdgf ul//x]sf]r'gf}tL uDeL/ 5 t/ kf/ nufpgg;lsg] vfnsf] 5}g . zflGtk|lj|mofk|ltsf] lg/Gt/ k|lta4tf;“u}k/Dk/fut ¿kdf ;LdfGtLs[t;d'bfo;lxt ;ft bn, cGo /fhg}ltsbn tyf gful/s ;dfhaLrsf]jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 g} oL r'gf}tLsf];fdgf ug{ ;lsG5 . zflGtk|lj|mofk|lt k'gM ljZjf; hufpgljutdf ePsf lg0f {ox¿sf ]sfof{Gjogn] ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;S5 .

bf];|f], hghflt, dw];L tyf cGo;d"x;“u ul/Psf k|lta4tfsf]sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tf / cGo ;Demf}tfx¿sf]k'/fjnf]sg ub}{ ;ft bnsf] u7aGwgn]zflGt k|lj|mof Pj+ ;Demf}tfsf]

sfof{Gjogsf] ;dLIff ug{'k5{ . utjif{sf cg'ejx¿sf] :ki6 n]vfhf]vfu/]kl5 /fhg}lts bnx¿n] zflGtk|lj|mofsf nflu ;femf kl/sNkgf Pj+;+ljwfg;efsf] ;kmn lgjf{rgsf nflucfjZos sbdx¿ to ug]{ oyfy{k/s/ k|efjsf/L dfu{lrq ljsf; ug{'k5{ .

t];|f], o:tf ;dLIffaf6 zflGtk|lj|mofsf] sfo{ljlw Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf;'wf/ cfp“5 . k|lta4tfx¿sf]sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Ln];Demf}tfjftf{x¿ tyf ltgsf] cg'udg;+oGq cem} ;'Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/Lagfpg'kg]{ ;Í]t u/]sf] 5 . o;n]zflGt k|lj|mof / bnx¿aLrsf];DaGwnfO{ ;xL dfu{df lx“8fpg d2tu5{ . zflGt k|lj|mofdf ;xefuLkIfx¿sf] cg'/f]wdf pgLx¿n] pkof]uLdfg]sf tl/sfn] g]kfnsf] zflGtk|lj|mofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cgldg oxf“cfPsf] xf] . lat]sf s]xL ;ftfdfcg ldg / o;sf ] e fj Lsfof { b ]zsf ;DaGwdf lgs }l/kf ] l6 {ª eP, t/ b 'ef {UojztLdWo] w]/}df unt ;"rgf cfP .sltko dfWoddf t xfdLn]cflwsfl/s ¿kd} ;Rofp“bf–;Rofp“b}klg unt ;"rgf ;Dk|]lift eP .

;+ljwfg;efsf] :jtGq /lgikIf lgjf {rgsf ] kl/l:yltlgdf{0f ug{df ;xfotf lbP/, dkm]l/ klg hf]8 lbP/ eG5' …;xfotfÚlbP/, zflGt k|lj|mofdf ;xof]u ug{sfnflu kIfx¿n] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . xltof/ cg'udg,lgjf{rg ;xof]u / o'4lj/fdsf]

cg'udg;DaGwL xfd|f sfdsf cfwf/log} x'g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgzflGt k|lj|mofsf] Pp6f cleÌ kf6f]sf¿kdf sfod 5 / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nufota[xt\ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] of]k|lj|mofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ lg/Gt/ k|lta4tfhfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ .

zflGt k|lj|mofdf ;xefuLkIfx¿sf] cg'/f]wdf zflGt k|lj|mofdf;3fp k'¥ofpgsf nflu ePsf]cgldgsf] pkl:yltsf] cy{ afx\ox:tIf]k / ;fj{ef}d;Qfdflysf]cltj|md0f xf]Og . g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3sf] uf}/jzfnL ;b:o /fi6«sfgftfn] ljut %) jif{eGbf a9L;dob]lv ljZjel/sf] zflGt k|lj|mofdf;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnn]cfkm\gf] zflGt k|lj|mofsf nflu ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3af6 cfjZos ;xof]u k|fKtug]{ clwsf/ /fVb5 . dxf;lrj tyf;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ;b:o /fi6«x¿n]g]kfndf lbuf] zflGt sfod xf];\ eÌ]p2]Zon] cgldgnfO{ sfof{b]z :jLs[ltlbP/ 7"nf] nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n]zflGt k|lj|mofdf cgldg ;s];Ddk|efjsf/L xf];\ eÌ]df pgLx¿sf]uDeL/ rf;f] 5 . To;}n] zflGtk|lj|mofsf] :jfldTj g]kfnLx¿d} lglxt/x]sf] s'/fdf ;Demf}tf gx'g] u/L zflGtk|lj|mofsf s]xL d'Vo kIfx¿df yk;xof]u k'¥ofpg cgldg ;Ifd 5eÌ]df d ljZj:t 5' / d}n] a}7styf ;fj{hlgs jQmJox¿df oxL s'/f:ki6 eg]sf] 5' . of] s'/fsf] lg0f{oug]{ clwsf/ zflGt k|lj|mofsfkIfx¿df g} lglxt 5 . zflGt

k|lj|mofsf] ;kmntf jf c;kmntf klgcgldgdf ge} ;DalGwt kIfx¿dfg} lge{/ 5 . clxn]sf] sfof{b]znfO{lj:tf/ g} gu/L jf xfd|f] cfsf/ga9fO{ klg xfdL cem} a9L ;xof]uLx'g ;S5f} eÌ] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 .

cgldgnfO{ sfof{b]z lb“bf;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePcg';f/, zflGtk|lj|mofdf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyfk/Dk/fut ¿kdf ;LdfGtLs[t;d"xx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ klg ljz]ifWofg lbg'kg]{ s'/f :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .xfdL o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]5f}“ .

g]kfn zflGt k|lj|mofsf] uDeL/r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] cj:yfdf, d;a} g]kfnLnfO{ ;+od / clx+;fk|ltk|lta4 /xL b]zel/sf ;d'bfox¿df

zflGt ;'b[9 u/fpg] sfo{df ;xof]uug{ cfu|x u5{' . t/fO{sf ljleÌefudf hf/L xTof, ckx/0f /ha/h:tL rGbf c;'nLaf6 d lg/fz5' . g]kfnsf ljleÌ efudf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{x¿af6 clxn]km]l/ al9/x]sf ckx/0f, ha/h:tLrGbf c;'nL tyf s]xL xTofsf;dfrf/k|lt d}n] af/Daf/ ;fj{hlgs/ JolQmut ¿kdf lrGtf JoQmu/]sf] 5' . cfkm\gf sfo{stf{n]zflGtk"0f{ 9Ëaf6 cfkm\gf] p2]Zok|fKt u¿g\ eÌ] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug]{lhDd]jf/L /fhg}lts tyf ;d'bflosg]tfx¿sf] xf] . b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iff ;'b[9ug{ ;a} nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿n] ;xsfo{ug{' cTofjZos 5 .-l/kf]6{; Snadf lbOPsf] dGtJodf cfwfl/t_

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d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007

c“Wof/f]af6 pHofnf]lt/ a9\g, g5'6fp“m ;fKtflxs klqsfx¿ k9\g.;f}hGo M ;fKtflxs–kflIfs klqsf /fli6«o ;~hfn

…tLtf] ;ToÚ :tDesf nflu cfkm"n]b]v]sf, ef]u]sf s6' ;To k7fpg xflb{scg'/f]w 5 .

—;Dkfbs

• d ;kmn eGg] efjgf sbflkg/fv, ;kmn dflg;sf] k5fl8 k|foMcsf{] ;kmn dflg; cjZo x'G5 .

• l td L c¿a f 6 h ' gJojxf/sf] ck]Iff u5f} { . ToxLJojxf/ c¿;“u ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

• k|]dsf] gftfeGbf efjgfsf]gftf alnof] / ;kmn x'G5 .

jL/]Gb| a:g]t• cfTdan g} dflg;sf] 7"nf]

zlQm xf] .• 6'sL hn]/ c“Wof/f] sf]7fnfO{

pHofnf] kfg{ ;S5 eg] xfdL temg\ dflg; xf}+ s] xfdLn] b]zagfpg ;Sb}gf}+ <

wg' ufxf–du/, :ofª\hf• sdfpg' g} 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og,

arfpg' 7"nf] s'/f xf] .;'Gb/ aflgof“

• h;sf] s]xL eGg'5}g pxLa9L asjf; u5{ .

• em"6f jfrf ug'{eGbf ljgd|k"j{sc:jLsf/ ug'{ pQd x'G5 .

• ;w} af“Rg] k|of; t u5f}{t/ af“Rg ;Sb}gf} .

• ljZjf; g} dflg;sf] 7"nf] wd{xf], ;+;f/ g} ljZjf;df c8]sf] 5 .

• dgsf] zflGt g} :jf:Yo /;DklQ xf] .

• xfdL hlt sdfp“5f}+ Tof]xfd|f] ;DklQ xf]Og, hlt xfdLarfp“5f}+ Tof] g} xfd|f] ;DklQ xf] .

• cfkm"nfO{ eGbf c¿nfO{ em6\6ljZjf; ugf{n] wf]sf kfOG5 .

/f]zgs'df/ >]i7

–z'qmgLltcg'jfb M /fdxl/ aGhf/f

d'vfn]

dGb, ;':t–;':t -lj:tf/}_sfd ug]{, dWo / g w]/} l56f] gl9nf] sfd ug]{ tyf l56f]l56f]sfd ug]{ rnfv u/L ;]js tLgk|sf/sf x'G5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿sf]hLljsfsf nflu tLg k|sf/sf]kfl/>lds lbg'k5{ .

hf] s]jn wg rfxG5 p;nfO{cwd, hf] wg tyf dfg b'j} rfxG5p;nfO{ ‘dWod’ tyf hf] s]jn dfgdfq rfxG5 p;nfO{ ‘pQd’ elgG5lsgls 7"nf] dflg;sf nflu wgeg]s} dfg -cfb/_ xf] .

hf] s;}sf] pksf/nfO{dfGb}g, /fd|f]eGbf /fd|f] tl/sfaf6;]jf ubf{ klg ;Gt'i6 x'“b}g, s'g}s'/fsfgLsf] k|;+udf cfkm\gf];]jssf] :d/0f;d]t ub} {g, a?z+sf–pkz+sf dfq u5{g\, a9Ls'/f u5{g\ / dd { kg ] { u/LufnL u5 {g \ To:tf JolQmsf];]jf ug' {kb} {g, Toxf“sf] gf]s/L5f]l8lbP x'G5 .

wd{lagf ;'v x'“b}g, To;}n]wd{df /xg'k5{ . wd{, cy{, sfdoL tLgnfO{ lqju{ eG5g\ . o;eGbfaflx/ /x]/ s'g} sfo{ ug'{ x“'b}g .oL tLgsf] lj/f ]waf6 ar]/dWodfuL{ ag]/ ;a} sfd k"/f u/f}+t/ oL tLg wd{, cy{, sfdsf]eg] kfngf ug{ g5f8f}+ .

gLlt–lgod

bfhL{lnªdf k|zfGtsf]x\ofªcf]e/

x/]s k6s bfhL{lnª 3'd]/kmls{Pkl5 dnfO{ s]xL g s]xL n]vf}+nfU5 . d lgtfGt lghL sfddf v;f{ªuPsf] lyP“ . l;nu9Lsf] udL{n]nvt/fg x'“b} d lbgsf] # ah]lt/v;f{ªsf] d'Vo rf]sdf uf8Laf6cf]ln{P“ . rf]sdf cfd;ef /x]5 . Pshgf d+uf]lnog cg'xf/sf g]tfaf3h:t} ulh{+b} efif0f ul//x]sf lyP .d}n] xtf/–xtf/ Sofd]/f lgsfn]/km6fkm6 g]tfhL / bz{sx¿sf] tl:a/lnP“ . efif0f ug]{ g]tfhL /x]5g\ clvnef/tLo uf]vf{ lnu -cefuf]nL_sfcWoIf dbg tfdfË . d k'Ubf pgLeGb} lyP– …k|zfGt tfdfªn] ;f/fg]kfnLdf Pstfsf] nx/ NofOlbPsf]5 . ljz]if u/L of ] kxf8sfg]kfnLefifLx¿df b]lvPsf] /fhg}ltsj}dgiotfnfO{ ;d]t la;f{Psf] 5 .k|zfGtn] b]vfPsf] of] af6f]nfO{uf]vf{NofG8 k|flKtsf] of] cfGbf]ngdflsg kl/j {tg gug] { < xfdLslxn];Dd a+ufnLx¿sf] 5fof“df a:g],t/ oxf“sf /fhf eP/ a;]sf] ;'efifl3l;ªn] of] s'/f a'em\g ;s]sf] 5}g .k|zfGtn] NofPsf] ;]lG6d]G6nfO{Sof; ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] km]l/ PskN6xfdLn] 7"nf] df}sf u'dfpg]5f}+ .Ú

d}n] ;'efif l3l;ªsf] efif0f;'g]sf] lyP“ t/ dbg tfdfªsf] ;'g]sf]lyOg“ . tfdfª klg bfhL{lnªsfk'/fgf /fd|f g]tfdf ulgG5g\ . pgsf]efif0f / d]/f] dgdf b'O{ ;ftfcl3p7]sf] ljrf/ 7\ofSs} ldn]sf] b]v]/v';L klg nfUof] . pgn] h:t} dklg k|zfGtsf] lhtnfO{ s]jndgf]/~hgsf nflu Pp6f kmut lhtdfq g;DemL o;af6 g]kfn / ef/tsfg]kfnLx¿n] /fhg}lts nfe klgp7fpg] k|of; ug{'k5{ eG5' . o:t}ljifodf d}n] b'O{ xKtf cl3 xËsÍsf]

j]e Dofulhg Prs]] g]kfn 86 sdsfnflu Pp6f n]v n]v]sf] lyP“—…k|zfGtsf] ljho / u]|6/ g]kfnsf];DemgfÚ zLif {sdf . k|zfGtsf]k|ltof]lutf rn'Gh]n g]kfndfaGbsf sf/0f bfhL{lnª hfg kfPsf]lyOg\ . To;}n] k|zfGtsf] ljhokl5bfhL{lnª uP/ Toxf“sf] ultljlw a'em\g]7"nf] x'6x'6L rn]sf] lyof] .

v;f{ª cf]n{g]lalQSs} Ps/fhg}lts kf6L{n] cfd;ef u/Lk|zfGtsf af/]df ax; g} ul//x]sf];'g]/ k|zfGtsf] x\ofªcf]e/ cem};lsPsf] /x]g5 eGg] nfUof] . k|zfGtOlG8og cfOl8on ag]kl5 bfhL{lnªcfpg' t stf xf] stf, a? g]kfnuP/ pt}af6 kmls{Psfn] Toxf“sfhgtfn] lvGgtf k|s6 u/]sf] klgkfOof] . v;f{ªsf d]/f kqsf/ ldq;~ho k|wfg eGb} lyP– …k|zfGtnfO{oxf“sf hgtfn] la:tf/} la;{+b} 5g\t/ s]xL /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] eg]pgsf] lhtnfO{ :yfoL /fhg}ltsd'2f agfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .Ú

k|zfGtnfO{ lhtfpg g]kfn,cf;fd, b'aO{, xªsª, o's] clgl;lSsdsf ;f/f g]kfnLefifLx¿ tg,dg, wgn] nfluk/]sf] a]nf ;'efifl3l;ªn] s'g} ;xof]u gug'{nfO{pgs} sfo{stf{x¿n] klg ?rfPsf/x]g5g\ . oxL s'/fnfO{ O:o'agfpg ljkIfLx¿ clxn] k|zfGtsf]s'/f p7fP/ l3l;ªdfly /fhg}ltsxdnf ug{ ;lqmo 5g\ . o;af6 s]k'li6 x'G5 eg] k|zfGtn] …zfGtÚbfhL { lnªdf km ] l / Ps k6s/fhg}lts t/+u k}bf u/]sf 5g .jf:tjdf g} bfhL{lnª g]kfnL ax'nIf]q eP klg Toxf“sf g]kfnLx¿/fhg}lts, cfly{s ¿kdf :jtGq /:jfledfgL eP/ a:g kfPsf5}gg\ . pgLx¿ klZrd a+ufn;/sf/n] v6fPsf] /fzg kfgL clg;'/Iff Joj:yfdf h]lnP/a;]sf 5g\ .

jiff}{+b]lv lrofsf]

kQL l6Kb} af“r]sf] hLjgdf s'g}kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . bfhL{lnªsfg]kfnLx¿ :jtGq l;lSsdsfg]kfnLx¿ h:tf] ;'vL / v';L 5}gg\ .To;}n] pgLx¿ bf; dgf]j[lQ af]s]sf;'efif l3l;ªh:tf g]tfx¿af6 jfSse};s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ca Pp6f5'6} /fHo uf]vf{Nof08sf] afu8f]/;DxfNg ;Sg] rdTsfl/s o'jf g]tfvf]lh/x]sf 5g\, h;n] % nfvbfhL{lnªjf;L g]kfnL efifLnfO{ 5'6\6}/fHo uf]vf{NofG8sf] k|flKt;“u} :jtGq,:jfledfgL g]kfnL ;Gtfg eP/ af“Rgkfpg] clwsf/ lbnfpg ;sf];\ .

–cfgGb >]i7

s]xL l;sf}+lzIff b]zsf] d]?b08 xf], t/

xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIff / z}lIfs :t/eg] Hofb} lrGtfhgs 5 . o; jif{P;Pn;L k/LIf fdf ;/sf/LljBfnoaf6 %! k|ltzt tyf lghLljBfnoaf6 () k|ltzteGbf a9LljBfyL{ pQL0f{ eP . ljutsfkl/0ffd;“u t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg]o;kflnsf] glthf ;Gtf]hgs b]lvPklg of] glthf …gof“ g]kfnÚsf]cjwf/0ff ;fsf/ kfg{ kof{Kt x'g;Sb}g . Psflt/ gof“ g]kfn agfpg]s'/f pl7/x]sf] 5 t/ csf{lt/ b]zsf]z}lIfs :t/ psf:g] s'/fk|lt …sfgdft]n xfn]/Ú a:g] sfd ePsf] 5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofdf P;Pn;L;/xsf] k/LIffdf pQL0f{ k|ltztef/tsf] (% k|ltzt, e'6fgsf] *&k|ltzt, kfls:tfgsf] %* k|ltzttyf a¨nfb]zsf] %$ k|ltzt 5 .crDdsf] s'/f t s] 5 eg]xfdLeGbf sdhf ]/ e '6fgsf ]P;Pn;L glthf xfdLeGbf lgs}pTs[i6 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] e'6fgaf6klg s]xL l;Sg] ls <

–/jLGb|/fh yfkf;nf{xL

g]kfnL ;fO6 86sdsf nflu df]8n ckm lb dGy e};s]sLl;Dkn yfkf lj/f6gu/df hlGdPsL x'g\ . @) jifL{of l;Dknsf]prfO % lkm6 $ OGr 5 . sfnf] cf“vf ePsL oL ;'Gb/LnfO{;fg}b]lv df]8lnªdf cfpg] /x/ lyof] . g]kfndf km];g–df]8lnªsf]6«]G8 a9\b} uPsf] b]v]/ g} cfsif{s cg'xf/sL l;Dknn] klg of] If]q/f]h]sL x'g\ . df]8lnªsf ;a} ljwfdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] l;Dknn]aLaLP; pQL0f{ u/]sL l5g\ . l;DknnfO{ of] If]qdf cem} hd]/ sfdug]{ OR5f 5 . cWoog;“u} pgn] Sofl/o/ ljsf;sf nflu df]8lnªdfxft xfn]sL lyOg\ . To;}u/L pTs[i6 g[To ug{ ;Sg] v'aL klgl;Dkndf 5 . 3'Dg], g[To ug]{ tyf af:s]6an v]Ng ?lr /fVg]l;DknnfO{ r'krfk a:g] dflg; dg kb}{gg\ . l;Dkn elG5g\– …dcfkm}+ klg r~rn] :jefjsL ePsfn] r'krfk a:g] dflg; dggk/]sf] x'g;S5 .Ú l;Dkn JolQmTj emNsg] k'?ifk|lt cfslif{t x'lG5g\ .l;Dkn cfkm\gf] d'n'snfO{ :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf a:g] ;a} gful/sn]dfof ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff /flV5g\ .

l;Dknyfkf

;fOa/ un{

lr7Lkq tLtf] ;To

$;DkfbsLo

;x/ rrf{

c~hgf / ;'jf;g]kfnL j[Qlrqn] xlnp8sf] rnlrq dxf]T;jdf klxnf] k6s

Pjf8{ xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . s]jn @! jif{sf ;'efif yfkfdu/ tyf @)jif{sL ;'>L cGhgf a'9fyf]sLåf/f lgb]{zg ul/Psf] hgcfGbf]ngefu–@ df cfwfl/t j[Qlrq …P 6«]h]8L km/ b lna6L{Ú -:jtGqtfsfnflu ljof]u_ n] xlnp8sf] Go'of]s{ OG6/g];gn OlG8k]G8]G6 lkmNdPG8 lel8of] k]ml:6jn @))& df a]:6 OG6/g];gn 8s'd]G6«L8fO/]S6/sf] Pjf8{ lht]sf] 5 . Pl;ofaf6 5flgP/ xlnp8k]ml:6jn;Dd k'uL Pjf8{ lhTg] ;'jf; / cGhgfsf] 8s'd]G6«L …P6«]h]8L km/ b lna6L{Ú -:jtGqtfsf nflu ljof]u_ ut dfr{ & dfGo'of]s{ OG6/g];gn OlG8k]G8]G6 lkmNd PG8 lel8of] k]ml:6jn @))&df k|bz{g ePsf] lyof] . ut gf]e]Da/ @ tfl/vdf Go'of]s{df cfof]lht;df/f]xdf pQm Pjf8{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

P 6«]h]8L km/ b lna6L{ -:jtGqtfsf nflu ljof]u_ @)^@÷)^#;fndf :jtGqtf k|flKtsf nflu g]kfndf ePsf] !( lbg] lg0ff{oscfGbf]ngsf qmddf sf]v l/Tofpg / l;+b"/ k'5\g clg ckf+u hLjglhpg afWox¿sf] b'Mv, kL8f tyf Toltv]/sf] /fhg}lts kl/b[ZonfO{;d]6\b} pgLx¿s} 3/df k'u]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] j[Qlrq xf] . j[Qlrq Sof6\; cfO{ldl8of k|f=ln=sf tk{maf6 ;'jf; / cGhgfn] g} tof/ kf/]sf x'g\ .

–k|;'g yfkf du/

km]l/ OGwg cefjclxn] /fhwfgLnufot d'n'ssf ;a} ;x/L If]qdf k]6«f]lnod

kbfy{df cfwfl/t OGwgx¿sf] cefj l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . vf;u/Lvfgf ksfpg] Uof“; / k]6«f]nsf] cefjn] cfdpkef]Qmfx¿n] 7"nf];f:tL a]xf]g'{k/]sf] 5 . s]xL ;docl3 g]kfn cfon lgudn] cfk"lt{Joj:yf ;xh / ;'ne agfpg k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df 7"nf] d"No j[l4 u/]klg k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ ;xh 9+un] x'g g;s]kl5 clxn] g]kfncfon lgudsf] Ifdtfdfly g} k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltsfnflu clxn] lgudn] ef/taf6 kof{Kt dfqfdf OGwg cfk"lt{ x'gg;Sg'nfO{ sf/0fsf ¿kdf cl3 ;f/]sf] 5, t/ d'Vo k|Zg s] xf] eg]hgtfn] k};f lt/]/ lsGg'kg]{ OGwg lsg ;'ne x'g ;s]g < sltkoljZn]ifsn] clxn]sf] l:yltsf nflu lguddf x'g] sld;gsf] rnv]ntyf v'b|f Jofkf/Lx¿sf] :jfy{ lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] atfp“b} cfPsf 5g\ .olb of] s'/f ;To xf] eg] To;sf nflu cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf xtf{stf{x¿nfO{klg ;Gb]xsf] 3]/fdf Nofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . d'n'sdf ;a} lsl;dsf pkef]Uoj:t'sf] cfk"lt{ ;'ne u/fpg u7g ul/Psf] cfk"lt{ dGqfno clxn]sf]OGwg cefjk|lt df}g /xg'nfO{ /x:odo dflgPsf] 5 .

k]6«f]n / Uof“;nufotsf OGwgx¿sf] cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL g} unt 5eGg] cf/f]k ljut s]xL ;dob]lv nfUb} cfPsf] 5 . 3/df vfgfagfpg] OGwgsf] cefj eP klg pQm OGwgdf cfwfl/t ;jf/L;fwg tyf xf]6nx¿ eg] ljgf s'g} Jojwfg cf/fd;“u ;~rfnge}/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf cfd pkef]Qmfn] d'n'ssf] cfk"lt{k|0ffnLk|lt cf}+nf p7fpg' :jfefljs x'G5 . st} cfon lgudsfsd{rf/Lx¿ tyf v'b|f laqm]tfx¿sf] ;f“7uf“7n] clxn]sf] cefj l;h{gfePsf] t xf]Og < olb To:tf] xf] eg] o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] nfrf/Ldflgg'k5{ . d"Noj[l4 ubf{ ;/sf/n] cfd pkef]QmfnfO{ ;xh cfk"lt{sf]h'g cfZjf;g lbPsf] lyof], Tof] d[Noj[l4 ePsf] Ps dlxgf gk'Ub}‘s'lx/f]sf] sfu’ x'g k'u]sf] 5 . cfdhgtfn] OGwgsf] ;d:ofnfO{slxn];Dd a]xf]g]{ < of] k|Zgsf] hjfkm ;/sf/n] hlt;Sbf] rf“8f]lbg'k5{ . d'n'ssf] OGwg cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL cg]s lsl;dsf sld;gsf]hfndf h]lnPsf] g]kfn cfon lgudsf] Psflwsf/df /x];Dd hgtfn]clxn]sf] ;d:of af/Daf/ em]ln/xg'kg] {5 t;y{ ;/sf/n]OGwgsf] ;xh / ;/n cfk"lt{sf nflu clxn]sf] cfk"lt{k|0ffnLdf Jofks x]/km]/ u/]/ OGwgh:tf] cTofjZosj:t'sf] cefj km]l/–km]l/ bf]xf]l/g glbg] ;+sNk ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

d g ]kfnL sf +u | ];sf ];efklt dfq xf]Og, of] b]zsf]k|d'v klg x'“ . d}n] kf6L{sf]gLltdf dfq lx+8\g ldNb}g .lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, k|wfgdGqL

;+;bn] kfl/t u/]s} s'/f;/sf/n] nfu" ug'{k5{ eGg] 5}g .;+ljwfgljk/Lt s'/f t ;/sf/n]ug}{ x'“b}g .s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, g]tf, g]skf, Pdfn]

;+;b\sf] lg0f{o ;/sf/n]dfGg'k5{, o;sf] lj/f]wdf af]Ng'kf6L{ lg0f{o ljk/Lt hfg' xf] .

dfwjs'df/ g]kfndxf;lrj, g]skf Pdfn]

cgldgsf] pkl:yltnfO{afx\o x:tIf ]k dfGg' lbuf ]zflGtsf nflu 3fts s'/f xf] .

Oofg dfl6{g, cgldg k|d'vdw];sf sltko lqmofsnfk

b]z 6'So|fpg pBt\ 5g\, kmf]/dTo;sf] lj?4df 5 .

pk]Gb| ofbj cWoIf, dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d

@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgAo"“emfP/ lj3l7t k|ltlglw;efk'g:yf{kgf u/] clxn]sf ;a};d:of ;dfwfg x'G5g\ .;'hftf sf]O/fnf, g]t[, g]kfnL sf+u|];

kf6L{ ;efkltn] g} kf6L{sf]x\jLk gdfg]kl5 xfdLn] klgkf6L{sf] x\jLk dfGg'k5{ eGg] 5}g .v'daxfb'/ v8\sf, g]tf, g]kfnL sf+u|];

g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf nfluc¿ s]xL ug'{kb}{g, ef/t / rLghf]8\g] /]ndfu{afx]s .

8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL g]tf, /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{d]/f] gof“ rnlrq …b]zÚ sf] cj:yf

xfd|f] b]zsf] h:t} ePsf] 5 .t'n;L l3ld/], rnlrq lgb]{zs

Page 5: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 %;+ljwfg;ef JolQm–cleJolQm

;+ljwfg;efsf nflu nlrnf] x'g] qmddf xfdLnfO{ leQfdf k'¥ofpg]sfd ePsf] 5 . oxL lgjf{rg xf];\ eGbfeGb} xfdL xfd|f] l;4fGtaf6} r'Sg]cj:yf cfO;Sof] . sf+u|];n] ug'{hlt ul/;Sof] . xfdLn] @))& ;fnb]lvcfkm\gf] l;4fGt hf]ufO/x]sf 5f}+, clxn] r'Sg] k|Zg} p7\b}g . g]kfnL sf+u|];n]k|hftGq;“u ;Demf}tf ub}{g . of] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] hlt rf“8f] a'em]sf] /fd|f] .

;'zLn sf]O/fnf, sfo{jfxs ;efklt, g]kfnL sf+u|];clxn] d'n'sdf b]lvPsf] zlQmdf ;ft bn Psflt/ clg xfdL

csf{lt/ 5f}+ . ;a} bn dfcf]jfbLsf] dfu ;dft]/ pgLx¿sf] lsQfdfu};s], ar]sf ;a} /fhg}lts zlQm xfd|f] lsQfdf k/]sf 5g\ . /fhfsf]kIfdf ax'dt b]v]/ ;ft bn ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg 8/fPsf x'g\ . clxn]klg /fhfsf] kIfdf b¥xf] hgdt 5 . k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] /fhfsf]kIfdf @) k|ltzt hgdt 5 eg]sf lyP, t/ xfdLnfO{ ;+j}wflgs/fhfsf] kIfdf ^) k|ltzt hgdt 5 eGg] nfU5 .

/jLGb|gfy zdf{, g]tf, /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ -g]kfn_clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg'sf k5fl8 dfcf]jfbL g} d"n

¿kdf lhDd]jf/ 5 . lgjf{rgsf d'vdf pgLx¿n] k|:t't u/]sf dfu tyf tLdfu k"/f gu/] ;+ljwfg;ef x'g lbGgf}+ eg]/ lbPsf cleJolQmn] g} pgLx¿sf]p2]Zo s] xf] k|:6 x'G5 . 5 bnn] lgjf{rgcl3 pTkGg of] cj/f]wnfO{ ;fdgfu/]/ lgjf{rg ug'{kYof]{ . of] pgLx¿sf] sdhf]/L xf] . dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] dfudfo;/L g} em'Sb} hfg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g ./fhfjfbLn] rfx]sf] klg ToxL xf] . To;}n] /fhfjfbL / dfcf]jfbLaLr ;f“7uf“7t 5}g < of] xfdLn] lrGtg ug'{kg]{ ljifo xf] .

df]xgljqmd l;+x, g]tf, g]skf d;fn

dfcf]jfbLnfO{b/afl/of g} lk|o

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g]tf kTgLx¿sf]kbf]Gglt

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b/jf/jfbLx¿sf]ef}lts sf/afxL

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Page 6: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

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x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;dfrf/cg';f/ /fhwfgL sf7df8f}“df clxn] x/]s dlxgf! ;o %) eGbf a9L s's'/sf] lsga]r x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o:tf s's'/sf]tflnd, vfgf tyf :jf:Yo–k/LIf0fdf To:tf] vr{ x'g] u/]sf] atfOG5 .;dfrf/cg';f/ hlGdPsf] $) b]lv $% lbgkl5 s's'/sf 5fp/fn] @% xhf/b]lv%) xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd d"No kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf] d"No kfpg] s's'/sf hftdfhd{g ;]km8{ -@% xhf/ ?k}of“_, u|]6 8g -#) xhf/ ?k}of“_, ku -#% xhf/ ?k}of“_,;fOG6 a]gf8{ -$) xhf/ ?k}of“_, /6 cf]On/ -%) xhf/ ?k}of“_ 5g\ .

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bLksn] kfPsf] ;kmntf;“u}ahf/df cfPsf ljleGg xNnfsf;DaGwdf bLks s] eG5g\ t < …dcem} of]ª\ 5' . d c¿h:tf] >LdtLsfcl3 Ps yf]s eGg] / aflx/ csf]{yf]s ug]{ sfd ulb{g“ .Ú bLksn]

lrofsf] clGtd ;'sf]{ lnP/ eg]—…x/]s nf]Ug]dflg;sf] 3/df P]Zjo{/fo eP klg p;nfO{ aflx/ ljkf;fa; ' rf lxG5 . d klg tLnf]Ug]dflg;eGbf km/s 5}g . ;kmnnf]Ug]dflg;sf] aflx/L ;DaGwnfO{pgL 8«fOleª;“u t'ngf ub}{ eG5g\,…;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, /S;L vfP/8«fOleª ug' { x ' “b }g, t/ klgdflg;x¿ /S;L vfP/ 8«fOleªu5{g\ / 6«flkms k|x/Laf6 nfO;]G;vf];fp“5g\, hl/jfgf lt5{g\ . d klg/S;L vfP/ 8«fOleª u5'{, t/ 6«flkmsk|x/Laf6 aRb} cfPsf] 5' .Ú

hldgd'lg ;ft lbgg'jfsf]6– hldgd'lg vf8ndf

tkfO{+ slt ;do a:g ;Sg'x'G5 <Ps–b'O{ 306f a:g ;lsPnf eGg]nfUnf t/ xf]Og, g'jfsf]6sf] ljb'/dfPs ;fws Ps ;ftfsf nfluhldgd'lg a;]/ tk:of ul//x]sf5g\ . oL ;fx;L ;fws x'g\—sf7df8f}+sf @& jifL{o Zofd >]i7cyf{t\ >L v|f+ . dgf]qmflGtsf ;fwsoL o'jf ut cfOtaf/b]lv e"–tk:ofdf a;]sf x'g\ . ( lkm6 ulx/f]vfN8f]df oL tk:jL tk:of/t 5g\ .crDd t s] 5 eg] pgL a;]sf]vfN8f] h:tfkftf /fv]/ To;dflyk'/} df6f]n] 5f]lkPsf] 5 . clS;hg;d]t ghfg] u/L k'l/Psf] vfN8f]dfpgL Ps ;ftf;Dd kfgL dfq vfP/lg/fxf/ tk:ofdf al;/x]sf 5g\ .pgnfO{ lbgsf] Psk6s ;fgf]Kjfnaf6 kfgL lbOG5 / kl5 k'gMpQm Kjfn 6flng] u/]sf] 5 .

dgf]qmflGt of]usf] k|efjn]hldgd'lg klg lg/fxf/ tk:of ug{s'g} cK7\of/f] gx'g] csf{ of]uLcgGtfgGb atfp“5g\ . klxnf] k6se"–tk:ofdf a:g nfu]sf] eP klgcfkm "n] ;lhn} Ps ;ftf;Ddhldgd'lg tk:of u/]/ latfpg;Sg] tk:ofdf hfg'cl3 tk:jL >Lv|f+n] atfPsf lyP . dflg;df :jfy{/ ljnf;Lkgsf] df]x al9/x]sfn]1fgdfkm{t cfTd ¿kfGt/0f ug{dgf]qmflGt cleofgcGtu{t e"–tk:of u/]sf] v|f+n] atfP .

pgL u '? 8f= of ]u Lljsf;fgGbåf/f lgb]{lzt ;fws x'g\ .v|f+ ef]ln zlgaf/ lbp“;f] tk:ofaf6aflxl/g] atfOPsf ] 5 . pgLtk:ofdf a;]sf] x]g{ :yfgLo;j{;fwf/0fsf] eL8 g} nfu]sf] lyof] .k'l/Psf] vfN8f] x]g{ clxn] klgdflg;x¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgL Ps;ftf;Dd tk:ofdf /xG5g\ jf/x“b}gg\ eGg] rf;f] ;a}lt/ 5 .tk:jLn] rfx] :j]lR5s ¿kdf :j–d"qkfg klg ug{ ;Sg] t/ grfx]aflx/ lgsflng] cfof]hs dgf]qmflGtcleofgn] hgfPsf] 5 .

tk:ofdf a:g ' Pslbgcl3b]lv tk:jLn] ef]hg Tofuu/]sf] / of]u;fwgf4f/f dn cfGb|f;kmf ul/Psfn] dnTofu gx'g]hfgsf/L klg cfof]hsn] atfof] .tk:jLnfO{ s]xL Odh] {G;L k/]p4f/sf nflu vfN8f]eLq ljB'tLo306L h8fg ul/Psf ] 5 .dgf]qmflGt cleofg g'jfsf]6n] pQme"–tk:ofsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] .o;cl3 sf7df8f}+, wflbª, sfe|],afUn'ªnufot !& lhNnfdf o:tf]tk:of ;DkGg e};s]sf] atfOG5 .

–gjbLk chgjL

Page 7: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 &

kf]v/f ljZjljBfnoPk]S; sn]h

sDKo'6/ (̂s;d; sn]h ckm Dofg]hd]G6

PG8 6]Sgf]nf]hLcfO{6L $*sDKo'6/ $*On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*

Pe/]:6 OlGhlgol/ª sn]hcfO{6L (̂sDKo'6/ $*On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*u08sL sn]h ckm OlGhlgol/ª

;km\6j]o/ OlGhlgol/ª $@g];gn Ps]8]dL ckm;fOG; PG8 6]Sgf]nf]hL

sDKo'6/ $)g]kfn sn]h ckm

OGkmd]{;g 6]Sgf]nf]hLlaO{ Og cfO{6L ^)sDKo'6/ !@)On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g !@);km\6j]o/ OlGhlgol/ª ^)

g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len $*On]lS6«sn PG8 On]S6«f]lgS; (̂sDKo'6/ $*On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g (^cfls{6]Sr/ $*

kf]v/f OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len $)sDKo'6/ $)On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $)k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno

PSdL OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len ^)sDKo'6/ ^)On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $)

sn]h ckm OGkmf]d]{;g6]Sgf]nf]hL PG8 OlGhlgol/ª

sDKo'6/ $)O:6g{ sn]h ckm OlGhlgol/ª

l;len #)sDKo'6/ $)On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g #)

lxdfnog x\jfO6xfp;OG6/g];gn sn]h

sDKo'6/ $)On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $)cfO{6L $)

sflGtk'/ l;6L sn]hsDKo'6/ $)

Vjk OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len $)cfls{6]Sr/ @)sDKo'6/ @)

hl6n /x]g OlGhlgol/ªsf] cWoog

lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoP8\efG;8 sn]h ckm OlGhlgol/ª

PG8 Dofg]hd]G6l;len *)sDKo'6/ !)^On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g *)

lxdfnog OlGhlgol/ª sn]hsDKo'6/ ^̂On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*

k'Nrf]s SofDk;l;len !$$sDKo'6/ $*On]lS6«sn $*On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*d]sflgsn $*cfls{6]Sr/ $*

sflGtk'/ OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len **sDKo'6/ !#@On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g **

sf7df8f}+ OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len !@!sDKo'6/ **On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g !#@cfls{6]Sr/ %%On]lS6«sn $$

g];gn sn]h ckm OlGhlgol/ªsDKo'6/ %#On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g %#

klZrdf~rn SofDk;, kf]v/fl;len $*On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*

k"jf{~rn SofDk;, w/fgl;len @$s[lif @$

yfkfynL SofDk;OG8l:6«on $*sf7km8{ OG6/g];gn sn]h ckmOlGhlgol/ª PG8 Dofg]hd]G6

On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*sDKo'6/ $*

hgsk'/ OlGhlgol/ª sn]hl;len $*On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g $*sDKo'6/ $*sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno

sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno :s'nckm OlGhlgol/ª

d]sflgsn @$On]lS6«sn PG8 On]S6«f]lgS; $*sDKo'6/ $*

OlGhlgol/ªdf :gfts txsf]cWofkg x'g] ;a}eGbf k|ltli7t /k '/fgf ] ljZjljBfno lqe'jgljZjljBfno xf] . k|j]z k/LIffsfnflu cfj]bg lbPsfx¿dWo]af6of]Uotfqmdcg';f/ egf{sf nflu 5gf}6ul/G5 . of] ljZjljBfnocGtu{tsfk'Nrf]s SofDk; nlntk'/, klZrdf~rnSofDk; kf]v/f, k"jf{~rn SofDk;w/fgdf :gfts txdf eg f {lnOG5 . oL SofDk;x¿df b'O{k|lqmofaf6 :gfts tx cWoogug { ; ls G5 . k l xn f ] sdz ' Nssf ] lgo ldt / b f ]; | f ]c ltl/Qm z 'Ns;lxtsf ] k " 0 f {z'NsLo sfo{qmd, h;cg';f/ k|j]zk/LIffdf pTs[i6 :yfg Nofpg]x¿lgoldtdf 5gf }6 x ' G5g \ .To;kl5sf :yfg k|fKt ug]{x¿ k"0f{z'NsLodf egf{ x'g ;S5g\ .

oL SofDk;df egf{ ePdflgoldttkm{sf ljBfyL{n] ;'?df ^xhf/ ̂ ;o ̂ ?k}of“ / k"0f{ z'NsLodf

l;len, cfls{6]Sr/, d]sflgsn tyfOn]lS6«sndf &! xhf/ % ;o ()?k }of “ / On ]S6 « f ] lgS; PG8sDo ' lgs ];g, sDKo '6/ /OG8l:6«ondf &% xhf/ # ;o $)?k}of“ a'emfpg'k5{ . o;df klxnf]^ dlxgfsf] z'Ns;d]t ;dfj]z 5 .lgoldttkm{ k|lt;]d]:6/ ! xhf/& ;o ^ ?kof z'Ns ltg'{k5{ eg]k"0f{ z'NsLodf l;len, cfls{6]Sr/,d ]sf lgsn / On ] lS6 «sndfk|lt;]d]:6/ @( xhf/ & ;o () /On]S6«f]lgS; PG8 sDo'lgs];g,sDKo'6/ / OG8l:6«ondf ## xhf/% ;o $) ?k}of“ a'emfpg'k5{ .lgoldttkm {sf ljBfyL {nfO {:gfts l;Wofpg @ b ] lv# nfv;Dd vr{ nfU5 eg] k"0f{z'NsLo tkm{sf ljBfyL{nfO{ ^nfveGbf a9L vr{ nfU5 .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno;“u;DaGwg k|fKt u/]/ s]xL sn]hn]OlGhlgol/ªsf sIFf rnfO/x]sf

5g\ . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoafx]scGo ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwgk|fKt sn]hn] klg oL sIFfx¿;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnon] cfkm} + oL sIFf;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . klxn] l;len,On]lS6«sn, d]sflgsnh:tf k'/fgfljifo dfq k9fO x'g] u/]sf]df clxn]gof“–gof“ ljifox¿ lelqPsf 5g\ .xfn cfO{6L, sDKo'6/, ;km\6j]o/OlGhlgol/ª, On]S6«f ]lgS; PG8sDo'lgs];gh:tf ljifo klgg]kfnd} cWofkg x'G5 . klxn]lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf dfq e/kg'{kg]{ cj:yfdf of] ljifo k9\grfxg] ljBfyL{x¿ cj;/sf] cefjdfk9\gaf6 jl~rt x'g kYof]{, t/clxn] s]xL dx“uf] eP klg ljBfyL{n]rfx] of] ljifo k9\gaf6 jl~rtgx'g] cj:yf 5 . z'Ns eg] ljifocg';f/km/s km/s 5 .

sf7df8f } O l Ghlgol/ªsn]hdf % jif]{ cfls{6]Sr/ sf];{l;Wofpg $ nfv z'Ns nfU5 eg]cGo l;len, sDKo'6/, On]lS6«sntyf On ]S6 « f ] lgS; PG8sDo'lgs];gsf nflu # nfv !%xhf/ z'Ns ltg'{ k5{ . lxdfnogx\jfO6 xfp; OG6/g];gn sn]hsf;a} ljifosf nflu hDdf # nfv*) xhf/ z'Ns ltg'{k5{ . g]kfnOlGhlgol/ª sn]hdf cfls{6]Sr/sfnflu $ nfv $! xhf/ / cGosf];{sf nflu # nfv ̂ ! xhf/ z'NsnfU5 . o; k|sf/ s'g} klg sf];{l;Wofpg $ nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldfz'Ns nfU5 . o;afx]s sn]hx¿dfljleGg k|sf/sf 5fqj[lQ klgpknAw 5g \ . lqe 'jgljZjljBfnosf] lgoldt z'Nssf]t'ngfdf of] s]xL dx“uf] g} xf] t/klg k9fO / ;~rfng vr{sfcuf l8 of ] ;fdfGo ePsf ];~rfnsx¿ atfp“5g\ .

–Ps/fh ;'j]bL

OlGhlgol/ªdf tLgjif]{ sf];{k " / f u/L l8Knf ]df pQL0f {u/]sfx¿nfO{ ;fwf/0f efiffdfcf]e/l;o/ elgG5 . P;Pn;LpQL0f{ u/]kZrft\ of] sf]if{sf nflucfj ]bg lbg ;lsG5 .P;Pn;LkZrft lj1fg ljifodfKn; 6' cyjf cfO{P:;L u/]sf /:jo+ cf]e/l;o/ pQL0f{x¿ klgOlGhlgol/ªsf nflu cfj]bg lbg;S5g \ . cf ]e/l;o/ pQL0f {u/]sfx¿, cfO{P:;Ldf ef}lts lj1fglnPsfx¿ tyf hLj lj1fglnPsfn] klg P]lR5s ljifosf ¿kdful0ft lnPsf 5g\ eg] of] ljifok9\g cfj]bg lbg ;S5g\ . lj1fgdfKn; 6' pQL0f{x¿ o;sf nflu of]Uox'g] g} eP . To;kl5 cfO{P:;Lcyjf Kn; 6'sf] sf];{sf] c+u|]hL,ul0ft, ef}lts lj1fg / /;foglj1fgdf k|j]z k/LIff lnOG5 . oxLk|j]z k/LIffsf] of]Uotfqmdsfcfwf/df ljleGg SofDk;df egf{sfnflu 5gf}6 ul/G5 .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps sDkgLsfnflu c+u|]hL efiff tyf sDKo'6/dfbIf Ps hgf clkm;;]qm]6/L÷l/;]K;lg:6sf] cfjZostf 5 .Go"gtd Kn; 6' pQL0f{ u/]sf JolQmn]cfkm\gf] JolQmut ljj/0f;lxtkf]:6aS; gDa/ @$@% sf7df8f}+dfcfj]bg lbg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps sDkgLsfnflu PdaLP cyjf PdaLP; pQL0f{u/]/ ;DalGwt ljifodf Go"gtd\ tLgjif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt Ps hgf l;O{cf],:gfts tx pQL0f{ u/]/ Joj:yfkgsf]If]qdf Go"gtd Ps jif{sf] cg'ejk|fKt Ps hgf Dofg]h/, aLO{, aLaLP;jf aLaLP pQL0f{ u/]/ dfs]{l6ª lkmN8dfGo"gtd b'O{ jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt s]xLdfs]{l6ª PSh's]l6e, aLaLP; cyjfaLsd pQL0f{ u/]/ Go"gtd tLg jif{sf]cg'ej k|fKt Ps hgf PsfpG6]G6,l8Knf]df sDKo'6/ tyf k|df0fkq txpQL0f{ u/]/ sDKo'6/;DaGwL /fd|f] 1fgePsf], Go"gtd b'O{ jif{sf] cg'ej /c+u|]hL efiffsf] 1fg ePsf] Ps hgfsDKo'6/ ck/]6/sf] cfjZostf 5 .of]Uo JolQmn] cfkm\gf] JolQmutljj/0f;lxt kf]:6aS; gDa/ @$*(@sf7df8f}+df cfj]bg lbg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps l:6nkm]la|s];g sDkgLsf nflu Ps hgfd]sflgsn cf]e/l;o/ tyf dfs]{l6ªdfGo"gtd tLg jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt Pshgf dfs] { l6ª PSh's ] l6esf ]cfjZostf 5 . OR5's JolQmn]df]afOn gDa/ (*%!))^&&# df;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• nlntk'/l:yt Ps ljBfnosf]k|fylds txsf nflu u|]8 lzlIfsfsf]cfjZostf 5 . c+u|]hL efiffdfbIfx¿n] ljBfnosf] kmf]g gDa/%%#@*%$ df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

•b 'u {d If ]qdf sfo {/tla|l6;x¿sf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt Psu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf nflu Ps hgf;LPdPsf] cfjZostf 5 . ;LPdPpQL0f{ u/L Go"gtd b'O{ jif{sf] cg'ejk|fKt JolQmn] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmutljj/0f;lxt kf]:6aS; gDa/ !(^@#sf7df8f}+df cfj]bg lbg'xf]nf .

Page 8: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 *

ljB'tLo x'nfs -Od]n_ k|of]uug]{x¿ s/f]8f}+sf] ;+Vofdf 5g\ .g]kfndf klg OG6/g]6sf] ;xh kx'“r/ ;'ne d"No clg a9\b} uPsf]sDKo'6/;DaGwL 1fgsf sf/0fOd]n k|of]u ug] {x¿sf] ;+Vof -;x/L If]qdf_ x\jfQ} a9]sf] 5 .cd]l/sf k9\g uPsf bfh';“uxf];\ of vf8Ldf sdfO ug{ uPsfklt; “u xfnva/ / ;Grf ]la;Grf]sf] hfgsf/L Od]n clgEjfO; Rof6af6 lng] qmd al9/x]sf]5 . To;f] t 8]l6ª j]a;fO6nfO{/ f ]d f G; ug ] { :ynagfPsf] ;x/L k':tf Od]n k|of]udft r'Sg] s'/} ePg .

PdP;Pg, u'un6s, ofx'd];]Gh/h:tf j]a;fO6df uP/ Rof6ug{ klg d]n cfO8Lsf] cfjZostfkg]{ ePsfn] ljleGg y/Lsf lgMz'Ns;]jf k|bfosaf6 Od]n lng]x¿sf];+Vof 7"nf] xf]Og, ljzfn ePsf]5 . lj1fkg tyf ;r{ OlGhgsf]sfd;d]t ug]{ ljleGg sDkgLx¿n]w]/}eGbf w]/} OG6/g]6 k|of]ustf{nfO{cfslif{t ug{ a9LeGbf a9L j]a:k]; lbg] k|lt:kwf{;d]t 5\ . s;}n]Pp6f d]n cfO8Ldf Ps hLaLsf]:k]; lbPsf 5g\ t s;}n] kf“rhLaLsf] . o:tf j]a;fO6af6 k|fKtx'g] lgMz'Ns d]n ;'ljwf lng]x¿sf]Od]n cfO8Ldf @ k5fl8 ;]jfk|bfos sDkgLsf] gfd clg 86sd x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

o:tf]df lgz'Ns d]n ;'ljwflng]n] d]n cfO8Ldf @ eGbfcufl8sf] efudf dfq cfkm\gf] gfd-kl/ro_ /fVg kfp“5 Tof] klgcuf8Lsf] ;“u d]n gvfPsf] a]nfdf .@ k5fl8 cfkm"n] s'g} kl/jt{gug { gkfpg ] ePsfn ] Od ]nrnfp“bf :jtM ;]jf k|bfossf]lj1fkg e}/x]sf] x'G5 h;n] p;sf]a|fG8nfO{ :yflkt ug{ d2t k'U5 .

tkfO{+ xfd|f] Od]n cfO8Ldf

k5f l8 em ' l G8Psf ] x ' G5@ lhd]n÷ofx'÷x6d]n÷ /]l8kmd]ncyjf s'g} d]n clg 86sd .xfdLdWo] sf]xL x6d]n, sf]xLlhd]nsf k|of]ustf{ /x]sf] s'/f @eGbf kl5Nnf] zAbn] hfgsf/LlbO/x]sf] x'G5 . lgMz'Ns Od]n; ]jf lbO/x ]sf sDkgLaLrsf]k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f Od]n PsfpG6df;d]t 5fGg kfpg] cK;gx¿ k|fKtx'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

kl5Nnf] ;dodf PdP;Pgn]s 'nx6d ]n 86sddfkm {tk|of]ustf{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] ?lr /OR5fcg';f/sf] Od]n cfO8L lqmP6ug]{ cj;/ lbg yfn]sf] 5 . s'nx6d]naf6 cfkm" a:g] ;x/, ?lr,dgkg]{ snfsf/h:tf kf“r cK;gaf6cfkm"nfO{ dgkg]{ cfO8L kfpg;lsG5, h;n] JolQmTj;d]temNsfp“5 . of] ;]jf ef/t s]lGb|tePsf sf/0f ;x/x¿, snfsf/x¿ef/tsf 5g\ eg] cGo cK;gx¿Unf]an g} 5g\ .

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dillidilwaloki.co.in /fVg ;S5g\ .To;f ] t cfkm "nfO { dg kg ] {Vofltk|fKt s'g} ef/tLo cleg]tfh;sf] tkfO{+ km\ofg x'g'x'G5 p;sf]gfdnfO{ klg cfkm\gf] d]ncfO8Ldf/fVg ;Sg'x'G5 . olb tkfO{+ cldtfeaRrgsf] km\ofg xf] eg] cfkm\gf]cfO8Ldf @ k5f l8clubamitabh.com cyjf P]Zjof{sf]km\ofg xf] eg] clubabhishek.com

jf clubaishwarya.in /fVg ;Sg'x'G5 .clxn] cfkm"nfO{ …s'nÚ tyf

…x6Ú dfGg]x¿sf] ;+Vof klg w]/} g}5 . clwsf+z o'jf cfkm"nfO{ x6 jfs'n dfG5g\ . olb tkfO{+nfO{ cfkm"x6 5' h:tf] nfU5 eg] cfkm\gf]

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/fVg ;Sg 'x ' G5 . To;f ] tiamsizzling.com klg5gf}6df kg{ ;S5 .cfkm" ljjflxt jfc l j j f l x tePsf] klg d]nc f O 8 L a f 6 }hfgsf/L u/fpg;lsG5 . olbljjflxt x'g'x'G5eg ] cfkm \g f ]c f O 8 L d fiammarried.in

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cfOk'u]sf] rnlrqo'lg6 5fof +sgdfh'6]sf] 5 . o;cl3;fjwfg agfPsf gfoslglvn pk|]tLn] lgdf{0fu/]sf] of] bf];|f] rnlrqxf] . clegoaf6lgdf{0ftkm{ klg xftxfn]sf gfos pk|]tL eGb}lyP– …cfkm"n] lgdf{0fu/]kl5 aGwgdf af“lwP/sfd ul//xg' kb}{g .Úrnlrqdf /fh ]zxdfn, /]lhgf pk|]tLtyf holszga:g]tsf] klg clego 5 .

rnlrq lgzfgf jt{dfgk':tfsf] oyfy{ lrq0fdf s]lGb|t 5 .lkmNd sn]hdf tLg jif]{ :gfts u/]/klxnf] k6s ;]No'nfO8 rnlrqlgb]{zgsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf kf]v/]neGb} lyP– …clxn]sf] k':tfn] h]vf ]h ]sf ] 5 To:t} d;nf of ]rnlrqdf kfOg]5 .Ú of] rnlrqwgL afa'sf a]/f]huf/ b'O{ 5f]/flalu|Psf / kl5 cfkm}+ lhDd]jf/Laf]w

dVv /]vfcr]n /]vf yfkf lgs} km'?¨ l5g\ .

pgL km'?¨ x'g'sf] k5fl8 Pp6} sf/0f pgsf]gof“ sf/ eg] kSs} xf]Og . sf/ t pgLklxn]b]lv g} rl9/x]sL x'g\ . o;k6s eg]pgL cfkm\gf] nufgL g8'Ag] s'/fn] dVvk/]sL x'g\ . ut sflQs @$ ut]b]lvpkTosfaflx/sf rnlrq ejgx¿dfk|bz{g cf/De ul/Psf] rnlrq …ls:dtÚn]pgn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;kmnrnlrq …lxDdtÚsf ] Joj;fonfO{pl5g]sf] 5 . /]vfs} egfOdf …ca d;]km 5' .Ú k "jf {~rnsf bds /latf{df]8df pQm rnlrq x]g{ bz{scf]Ol/Psf] b]v]/ l;g]dfxn ;~rfnsx¿klg crlDet ePsf] pgsf] syg 5 .…x]6f}+8fdf klg To:t} eof],Ú –pT;flxt:j/df d+unaf/ ;f“em pgn] atfOg\ .kf ]v/f / a'6jndf klg rnlrqsf]cf/De ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPsf] 5 . …oxLqmd sfod /xg] xf ] eg ] cals:dtnfO{ ;'k/lx6 eGbf x'G5,Ú –pgsf] syg lyof] . eg]kl5 s]xLlbgkl5 pgL O:6ldqx¿nfO{ld7fO{ af“l8/x]sL x'g]l5g\ .

Ps} k6s ;ftj6frnlrq lgdf{0fsf] 3f]if0ff u/Llgdf{0fsfo{df h'6]sf uf]kLs[i0fd'lehsf pHHjn kf}8]nkl5Nnf] k6s e]l6“bf lrlGttd'8df lyP . oxf“ rnlrqlgdf{0f ug'{eGbf rnfpg ufx|f]5 eGg] tYo cfkm}+ lgdf{tfsf;fy} ljt/s tyf k|bz{sePsfn] pgn] /fd|};“u a'em]sf5g\ . ;ftj6fdWo] tLgj6frnlrqsf] lgdf{0fsfo{ nueu;lsPsf] 5 . …kvL{ a;]+Úk|bz{gsf] …/fO6 6fOdÚ s'/]/a;]sf] 5 . …;'Gb/ d]/f] gfdÚk|fljlws sfo{sf] clGtdr/0fdf k 'u ]sf ] 5 .…hLjgd[To'Úsf] 5fofª\sg;lsof ] . ca pgL;ftj6fdWo]sf] …l8«d k|f]h]S6ÚdflgPsf] …s';'d] ?dfnÚsf]5fofª\sg ;'? u/fpg] ;f]rdf5g\ . clxn] g]kfnL rnlrqn]

cfzf w]/} ;kmntfeGbf c;kmntfsf]:jfb rfVb} uPsf] kl/k|]Iodflgs} ;f]rljrf/kl5 nufgLul/Psf cfkm\gf rnlrqn]bz{ssf ] dg lhTnf jfglhTnf eGg] lrGtf pgnfO{k/]sf] 5 . lsgls pgn];ftdWo] klxnf] rnlrq …kvL{a; ] + Ú af6 gof “ hf ]8L/fhaNne / od'gf pk|]tLnfO{kbf {k0f ub } {5g \ . bf ]; | f ]rnlrq …;'Gb/ d]/f] gfdÚdfpgn] xf:o clegodf VofltsdfPsf bLks/fh lu/LnfO{gfos lnPsf 5g \ .…hLjgd[To'Ú lgs} efj'srnlrq ag]sf] 5 . oLdWo]pgL clxn] k|bz{gsf] ;“3f/df/x]sf] …kvL{ a;]+Úsf hf]8Lrn'g\ eGg] sfdgf ul//x]sf5g\ . pHHjnnfO { gof “hf]8Laf6 bz{sn] gf}nf] :jfbkfpg]5g\ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .

hnn] 5f]/L kfOg\cd]l/sf e|d0fdf uPsf a]nf pt}

>Ldfg vf]h]/ 3/hd u/]sL gflosfhn zfx l/dfnn] ut sflQs !( ut]5f]/L hGdfPsL l5g\ . ltxf/ k|f/De x'g'b'O{ lbgcl3 dfq hnn] 5f]/L kfPsLx'gfn] l/dfn kl/jf/n] ltxf/;d]tdgfpg kfPg . cd]l/sfdf nfdf];dob ] l v a : b } c f Ps f z/bl/dfn;“u pgn] ut jif { ljjfxu/ ]sL lyOg \ . rlr {t ef/tLo6]ln>[ª\vnf s;f}6L lhGbuLsfdfd ' V o k fq ld:6/ ahfhh:t f ]hLjg;fyL vf]Hg] atfp“b} cfPsLhnn] cGttM $) gf3]sf l/dfnnfO{/f]h]sL lyOg\ . l/dfn kl/jf/n] gjhftlzz'sf] Gjf/fg klg ul/;s]sf] 5, kl/jf/;|f]tsf cg';f/ 5f]/Lsf] gfd …snzÚ/flvPsf] 5 . To;f] t kl/jf/n] 5f]/Lsf]cd]l/sL gfd klg h'/fPsf] 5, t/ Tof]gfd eg] clxn] ;fj{hlgs gug] {pgLx¿n] atfP .

Page 10: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 !)

klxnf] k6s g]kfndf sfo{qmd k|:t't ug{kfp“bf s:tf] dx;'; eof] < klxnf] s'/f t dnfO{ g]kfnsf] cg'kd;f}Gbo{n] df]lxt t'Nofof] . g]kfnLx¿sf]Jojxf/ / snfsf/k|lt ul/g] ;Ddfg cema9L /fd|f] nfUof] . g]kfnL e"lddf klxnf]kfOnf /fVbf dnfO{ :ju{d} 6]]s]sf] cfef;eof] . g]kfnL bz{sn] d]/f] ufog z}nLnfO{dg k/fPsf] b]Vbf ddf xif{sf] ;Ldf 5}g .d Psbd} v';L 5' .o:tf] ;b\efj / dfof kfp“5' eg]/ ;f]Rg'ePsf]lyof] <d}n] g]kfndf olt;Dd dfof kfp“5' eg]/;f]r]sf] lyOg“, t/ g]kfnL ;+uLtk|]dLx¿n]dk|lt ;f]r]eGbf a9L dfof b;f{pg'eof] .dnfO{ clxn] of] s'/f zAbdf JoSt ug{klg sl7g e}/x]sf] 5 . d g]kfnLx¿k|lt

k9]sf] / ;'g]sf] eGbf klg cem ;'Gb/nfUof] .g]kfnL efiff a'e\mg'x'G5 < s]xL zAbx¿ t Vofn u5'{ t/ k"0f{ ¿kdfa'em\g ;lSbg“ . clxn] k|zfGt;“u ;+uta9]sf] 5 . la:tf/} ca a'em\g / af]Ng;Ifd x'g]5' eGg] nfu]]sf] 5 .;]lna|]6L ePkl5 o'jtLx¿sf] kmf]g / k|]dk|:tfjt v'a cfp“5g\ xf]nf lg < -xf“:b}_ tkfO{+sf] ufosL dg k¥of] eg]/w]/}n] kmf]g u5{g\ . o;f] eGbf dnfO{ v';LnfU5 . k|]d–k|:tfj klg gcfpg] x}gg\, t/d pgLx¿nfO{ dnfO{ eGbf klg d]/f uLtnfO{dfof ul/lbg'xf]nf eg]/ ;Demfp“5' .tkfO{+sL un{k|]mG8 l5g\ <d}n] un{k|]mG8 agfpg]lt/ slxNo} WofglbOg“ . :s'n / sn]h nfOkmdf cWooglt/}Wofg lbP“ . clxn] OlG8og cfO8ndf efulnPkl5 s;/L /fd|f] ufpg] eg]/ ;f]lr/x]sf]5' . klxn] s]xL u/]kl5 dfq dfq Totflt/;f]rf}+nf .kf]v/fdf g]kfnL o'jtLx¿n] tkfO{ +nfO{c6f]u|fkmsf nflu lgs} k5\ofP lg < of] t pgLx¿n] d]/f] unf / snfnfO{ dgk/fPsf] xf] . d}n] d]/f] b]zdf hlts} dfofoxf“ kfP“, o;}df dnfO{ v';L nfu]sf] 5 .s'g} g]kfnL o'jtLn] tkfO{+nfO{ k|]d–k|:tfj/flvg\ eg] s] ug'{x'G5 <-x“l;nf] kf/fdf uLt ufp“b}_ d';'d';' xf“l;b]pmg n}n}== xf xf -nfdf] xf“;f]=_ca g]kfnkl5 tkfO{+sf] sG;6{ sxf“ x'“b}5 <ca kf]v/fnuQ} ef/tsf] Ujfxf6Ldf sG;6{5 . To;kl5 ljb]zlt/ hfg'k5{ . clxn]ufp“b} lx+8\g] sfd dfq e}/x]sf] 5 .eljiosf] nIo <uLt–;+uLts} If]qdf gof“ sfd ug]{5' . oxLIf ]qnfO { g} Jofj;flos 9+un] cl3a9fpg]5' . uLt–;+uLtafx]s c¿ s]xL;f]r]sf] klg 5}g .g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <dnfO{ g]kfnL ;+uLtk|]dLx¿n] olt w]/} dfoflbg'eof] ls To;n] ddf g]kfn / g]kfnLk|lt7"nf] ;b\efj / dfof hfu]/ cfPsf] 5 . dkm]l/ klg g]kfn cfpg]5' .

–lzj zdf{

kf]v/f– v'n]sf] df};d;“u}cfsif{s tj/n] ;hfOPsf] d~rdfOlG8og cfO8n k|zfGt tfdfªk|s6 x'g ] lalQs} bz{sx¿n]hf]8bf/ x'l6ª u/] . k|zfGtn]cfkm "; “u } OlG8og cfO8nsfpkljh]tf cldt knnfO{ d~rdfaf]nfP . k|ZffGtn] b]p;L uLt kmnfs]/ cldtn] b]p;L /] eGb} pgnfO{;fy lbP . lbp“;f]sf] l7s b'O{ ah]k|f/De ePsf] sfo{qmd ;f“em %ah];Dd em'Dof] . b]p;L–e}nf] uLtkl5cldt knn] cfk\mgf ] hf]8bf/k|:t'ltsf ¿kdf …lbn Sof s/]Úk|:t't u/] . knsf] of] pTs[i6k|:t'ltdf kf]v/]nL o'jfo'jtLx¿ lgs}/f}l;Psf lyP .

cldtn] lxGbL lx6 gDa/

k|:t't ubf{ gof“ahf/l:yt k|bz{gs]Gb|df e]nf ePsf xhf/f}+ bz{ssDd/ dsf{p“b} gfr]sf lyP . pgn]Ps bh{g uLt k|:t't u/] . tfdfªj]ze"iffdf ;lhP/ d~rdf k|:t'tePsf k|zfGtn] ;'?df rlr{t g]kfnLuLt …c;f/] dlxgfdfÚ ufP . pgn]…uf]vf{nLsf] 5f]/f] dÚ ufp“bf eg]bz{s pQ]lht eP .

oxL“ uLtdf jfG; df]/kfO/x]sf k|zfGtn] nuQ} csf]{ uLtufpg] tof/L ul//x]s} a]nf bz{ssf]eL8 clgolGqt ePkl5 s]xL If0fsfo{qmd /f]lsof] . eL8nfO{ lgoGq0fug { ; '/I f fsdL {n ] ;fdfGonf7Lrfh{;d]t ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . uLtufO/x]sf k|zfGtn] w}o{ /xg cfu|xu/]kl5 bz{s s]xL zfGt ePsf

g]kfnLx¿sf]dgdf a:g rfxG5'

cfef/L 5' .g]kfnsf k|z+;sx¿ s:tf nfu] <d}n] of] s'/f tkfO{+nfO{ Xboaf6} elg/x]sf]5'— dnfO{ g]kfnL k|z+;sx¿ cfTdLo /dfofn' nfu] . g]kfnLx¿n] dnfO{ h'g ;DdfglbP To;n] dnfO{ g]kfn cfO/x"“h:tf] ePsf]5 . d}n] o:tf] ;kgfdf klg ;f]r]sf] lyOg“ .tkfO+{nfO{ OlG8og cfO8n g} aGg gkfPsf]dfk5'tf] 5}g <To:tf] s'g} k5'tf] lans'n} 5}g . d;“uclt g} ldNg] ;fyL k|zfGt OlG8og cfO8nag]]sf]df dnfO{ uj{ 5 . k|zfGt tfdfªOlG8og cfO8n aGbf hlt g]kfnLx¿ v'zLeP TolQs} v';L dnfO{ klg nfu]sf] 5 .o;df k5'tf] dfGg'kg]{ s]xL 5}g, d}n] ;a}af6dfof kfO/x]sf] 5 ' .t/ ef/tel/ tkfO{+ g} OlG8og cfO8n x'g]

cfzf /flvPsf] lyof] elgG5 lg <cfzf /fVg' :jfefljs xf] . dnfO{ dfofug]{ k|z+;sx¿n] To:tf] cfzf /fv] xf]nfg\ .o;nfO{ d}n] pgLx¿n] lbPsf] xf};nf /k|]/0ff dfg]sf] 5', t/ dnfO{ k|zfGt cfO8nag]/ d pkljh]tf ag]sf]df s'g} b'Mv 5}g .k|zfGtsf] ;kmntfnfO{ d}n] cfkm\g} ;kmntfdfg]sf] 5', lsgls k|zfGt d]/f] clt 3lgi7ldq xf] .tkfO{ +nfO{ g]kfnL uLt–;+uLt slQsf]dg k5{ <OlG8og cfO8nsf qmddf k|zfGt;“usf];fdLKon] g]kfnL uLt–;+uLtk|ltsf] df]xxn{Ss} a9\of] . k|zfGt;“u g]kfnL efiff l;Sg]df}sf klg kfP“ . To;f] t d}n] g]kfnLrnlrq …bLklzvfÚ sf nflu b'O{j6f uLtklg ufO;s]sf] 5' . d]/f] sd{ynf] lznfªdfklg w]/} g]kfnL 5g\, d}n] pgLx¿af6 klgs]xL g]kfnL l;Sg] df}sf kfPsf] 5' . dg]kfnL uLt–;+uLt dfq xf]Og, g]kfnL efiff/ ;+:s[ltk|lt klg TolQs} df]lxt 5' .eljiodf lxGbLsf cltl/Qm g]kfnL uLt klgufO/xg'x'G5 <

lglZrt ¿kdf d ca cfpg] lbgdf cema9L g]kfnL uLt ufpg]5' . g]kfnL uLtufP/ cem a9L g]kfnLx¿sf] dgdf a:grfxG5' . dnfO{ g]kfnL uLtdf nf]sz}nLsfuLtx¿ TolQs} dg k5{g\ .OlG8og cfO8ndf pkljh]tf ag]kl5 slQsf]Jo:t x'g'k/]sf] 5 < clxn] Jo:ttfsf] s'/f u/]/ ;fWo 5}g .clxn] 3/kl/jf/nfO{ clnslt klg ;dolgsfNg kfPsf] 5}g . km';{b lgsfNg g}uf¥xf] ePsf] 5 . b]zaflx/b]lv b]zel/sG;6{sf nflu bf}8w"k ug'{kl//x]sf] 5 .ljleGg sfo{qmddf cltly x'g ]b ] lvcGtjf{tf{sf nflu klg ;do h'6fpg'k5{ .Jo:ttf a9\g' /fd|} xf] h:tf] nfU5 t/csf{lt/ ;fyLefOnfO{ ;do lbg gkfp“bfeg] s]xL b'Mv nfU5 .klxn ] g ]k fnsf af/ ]df slQsf ];'Gg'ePsf] lyof] <klxn]b]lv g} ;'Gb} cfPsf] x'“— g]kfn k|fs[lts;Dkbf / ljZjs} cUnf] ;u/dfyfsf] b]zeg]/ . kqklqsfx¿df klg g]kfnsf af/]dfk9]sf] lyP“, t/ clxn] k|ToIf kfOnf 6]Sbf

lyP . k|zfGtn] klg g]kfnL / lxGbLu/L Ps bh{g uLt k|:t't u/] .!(&$ P8Lsf] …of] dg t d]/f] g]kfnLxf]Ú uLt k|zfGt / cldtn] ;“u}ufPkl5 sfo{qmd:yn em'd]sf] lyof] .sfo{qmddf /fhwfgLaf6 cfPsLuflosf k|Llt sf}/ tyf :yfgLoufos efis/Wjh >]i7 / Zofd;'ªtfdfªn ] klg bz {sx¿nfO {dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/] .

s]xL dlxgfcl3 oxf“ ePsf]k|ZffGt tfdfªsf] nfOe sG;6{dfl6s6 dx“uf] ePsf sf/0f bz{s;f]r]hlt pkl:yt g/x] klg o;k6s eg] bf]Aa/ cyf{t\ sl/a !)xhf/ bz{ssf] pkl:ylt lyof] . w]/}o'jtLn] cldt kn / k|zfGt;“uc6f]u|fkm lng rfx] klg To;af6pgLx¿ jl~rt x'g'k¥of] . g]kfntfdfª 3]b'ª ;+3n] u/]sf] sfo{qmddfo;k6s k|zfGt tfdfª / cldtknnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ rfxg]x¿sfnflu cfwf 306f ;do 5'§ØfOPsf]lyof] . To; cj;/df sl/a #) j6f;+:yfn] pgLx¿nfO{ vfbf / ljleGgpkxf/ lbP/ ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP .

emfkfdf klgOlG8og cfO8n ljh]tf

k|zfGt tfdfªn], …of/sf] d}g] ;f]g]gf lbofÚ tyf pkljh]tf cldtknn] …gzf o] Kof/ sf gzfÚ ufp“bfsl/a !) xhf/ bz{sn] el/e/fpemfkfsf] d]rL /+uzfnf OlG8ogcfO8n k|ltof]lutfsf] clGtd lbgcyf{t\ …u|fG8 lkmgfn]Ú em}+ nfUYof] .k|zfGt / cldtsf] uLtn] /+uzfnflbge/h;f] u'Ghfodfg aGof] .…tkfO{+x¿sf] dfofn] g} dnfO{ oxf“

k'¥ofPsf] xf]Ú, uLt ufpg'cl3k |zfGtn] eg]– …;w} + o;}u/LtkfO{+x¿sf] dfof kfO/x"“ .Ú cToGt}dL7f] :j/sf wgL cldtn] g]kfnsf]klxnf] e|d0fd} g]kfnLx¿sf] cTolwsdfof kfPsf] atfP . pb\3f]ifs /fh]z3tfgL tyf k"gd lnDa"n] k|zfGtnfO{d~rdf af]nfP . To;kl5 pgn] ;'?ul/xfn] g]kfnL efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t5'hfª 8'Skfsf] uLt …c;f/} dlxgfdfÚ .uLt s] ;'? ePsf] lyof]bz{sx¿ k|zfGt;“u} ufpg / sDd/dsf{O{–dsf{O{ gfRg yfn] . k|zfGtn]…of] dg t d]/f] g]kfnL xf]Ú ufp“bfpQ]lht …df;Ú lgoGq0f ug{ k|x/Ln]nf7Lrfh{ g} u¥of] . o;sf cltl/Qmpgn] tLgj6f lxGbL / b'O{j6fg]kfnL uLt ufP .

k|zfGt / cldtnfO{ k|ToIf x]g{ /uLt ;'Gg emfkf, df]/ª, Onfd,kf“ry/, tfKn]h'ª, bfhL{lnª, l;Nfu9Ltyf l;lSsdsf bz{sx¿sf] ;d]ttf“tL nfu]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddfg]kfnL snfsf/ qmflGt cfn], k|fZgfzfSo, slj/fh a/fOnL, bfhL{lnªsLafnuflosf k|s[lt lu/L, PgPS; AofG8cflbn] klg uLt ufPsf lyP .

dGqL;/x ;'/IffOl08og cfO8n k|zfGtsf]

sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ ;b/d'sfd /cf;kf;sf If]qdf ;'/Iff Joj:yfs8f kfl/Psf] lyof] . k|zfGtsf];'/Iffy{ latf{df]8sf] xf]6n x]j]gdfa'waf/ laxfgb]lv g} hgkb tyf;z:q k|x/Lsf #) eGbf a9L hjfgv6fOPsf] lyof] . To:t} laxLaf/rGb|u9L If]qdf ;Ldf ;'/Iff antyf hgkbsf # ;oeGbf a9L;'/IffsdL{ v6fOPsf] ;|f]tn] atfPsf]5 . ;|f]tn] eGof]– …oqf] ;'/IffJoj:yf t u[xdGqL cfp“bf klgx'“b}g .Ú sfo{qmd ;s]/ xf]6n x]j]gdfa;]sf k|zfGt / cldt knsf] ;'/Iff/flt klg plQs} b]lvGYof] .

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tfdfª xªsª cfpg] kSsf ePsf]rrf { ; ]nfpg gkfp “b } ;f ]xLsfo{qmddf pTs[i6 b;df k/]sfldofª Rofª, cleif]s, k/lng, k"hfr6hL{ tyf pTs[i6 !# df k/]sf ;'lxtuf];fO“;lxt ;f/]ufdfkfsf sfo{qmd;~rfns tyf ufos plbtgf/fo0fsf5f]/f cflbTogf/fo0f klg xªsª cfpg]va/n ] xªsªsf ; +uLtk | ]dL

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:j/df lgvf/ ePsf cldt kn t];|f] OlG8og cfO8nsf pkljh]tf. lznfª, d]3fnosf@$ jifL{o cldt Ps sDo'6/ ;km\6j]o/ sDkgLdf sfo{/t 5g\. sG;6{sf nfluklxnf] k6s w/fg, emfkf x“'b} kf]v/f cfOk'u]sf cldt oxf“ o'jfo'jtLx¿sf] 9's9'sLaGg k'u]. pgsf] :j/df ;a} gtd:ts klg eP. eb| / efj's :jefjsf cldtnfO{y'k|} k|z+zsn] c6f]u|fkmsf nflu 3]/f xfn], t/ snfsf/sf] lhDdf lnPsf s]xL JolStn] x:tIf]ku/]/ c6f]u|fkm lng rfxg]x¿sf] rfxgfdfly s'7f/f3ft u/]. ;~rf/dfWodn] cGtjf{tf{ lng] qmddf;d]t pgLx¿n] x:tIf]k u/]. pgLx¿sf] bafasf aLr ;fKtflxssf kf]v/f ;+jfbbftf lzj zdf{n]kf]v/f u|fG8 xf]6n tyf kf]v/f ljdfg:yndf cldt;“u u/]sf] s'/fsfgL M

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cgfdk|]d zfZjt lrGtg klg xf] . k|]dsf c;Lldt kl/efiff

5g\ . o:tf kl/efiffx¿df k|]d zAbn] lgs} ;Ddfg kfPsf] 5 .k|]dsf] g cflb x'G5 g o;sf] cGTo g} 5 . hxf“;Dd cflTdsk|]dsf] s'/f 5, To;df k|flKteGbf Tofun], :jfy{eGbf ;dk{0fn] /JolQmuteGbf csf]{ kIfsf] ;'vn] a9L dxŒj kfp“5 . k|]dsf log}kIfx¿n] k|]dnfO{ ch/–cd/ agfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ef}lts k|]dn]zf/Ll/s ;'vsf] rfxgf /fV5 . zf/Ll/s ;DaGw k|]dsf] Pp6fo:tf] kf6f] xf], h;n] k|]dnfO{ hLjGt agfpg d2t k'¥ofp“5 . oLt eP kl/efiffsf s'/fx¿ . hxf“;Dd tkfO{+sf] ;d:ofsf] s'/f] 5,tkfO{+n] s] a'em\g'k5{ eg] tkfO{+ k|]dsf af/]df h'g :t/df;f]Rg'x'G5 Tof] :t/sf] ;f]rfO tkfO{sf] k|]dL;“u 5}g . tkfO{+sf]k|]dLsf nflu k|]d eg]s} ef}lts ;'vsf] ljifo xf] . o:tf] l:yltdftkfO{+n] p;nfO{ k|]d ug'{–gug'{sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . t;y{ p;sfaf/]df g;f]Rg' g} tkfO{sf] lxtdf 5 .

kf7sx¿sf] k|]d lh1f;f Pj+ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon]xfdLn] of] :tDe ;'? u/]sf xf} +. cfkm\gf k| ]d;DaGwL ljleGg;d:of xfdLnfO{ n]lvk7fpg' xf];\. tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgljleGg ljz]if1sf] /fo–;Nnfxcg'¿k gflosf /]vf yfkfn]vf]Hg] k|of; ug'{x'g]5. of] :tDesf nflu s'g} z'Ns nfUg]5}g.cfkm\gf] ;d:of ;fKtflxssf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf]nf.

;k{, clh +u/ , uf ]x L /af3h:tf lx+;s hgfj/x¿nfO{clego u/fOPsf] rnlrq …l;sf/LÚk|bz{gcufj} rrf{df 5 . pdf vqLn]lgdf{0f u/]sf] pQm rnlrqdf /fh]z9'+ufgf, k'hfgf, ;'gLn yfkf cflbsnfsf/n] clego u/]sf 5g\ .rnlrqsf lgb]{zs ofbj l;njfnx'g\ eg] of] rnlrq l56} k|bz{gdfcfpg] atfOPsf] 5 .

sfo{sfn ;DkGg x'g Psaif{ af“sL /x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn;f + :s [ lts ; +3sf ] jt {dfgsfo {;ldlt e +u u/L gof “sfo{;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . tl

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ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L xfn} cfof]lhtkqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf lbOof] . b'O{sf+u|]; Ps ePkl5 ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]/;+3sf] gof“ sfo{;ldlt u7g ug'{k/]sf]cWoIf yfkfn] atfPsf 5g\ .

8fa/ g]kfn k|f=ln=n] o;jif{sf] jfl6sf ld; jN8{ ckm/sf]nSsL 8«sf] glthf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]5 . pQm ckm/cGtu{t Ps hgfefUozfnL ljh]tfn] ;fGof, rfOgfdf! l8;]Da/, @))& df x'g u}/x]sf]ld; jN8{ x]g{ hfg] df}sf kfpg]5g\ .of] e|d0fdf ljh]tf / pgsf ;fycsf{ Ps hgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ 8fa/g]kfnn] g} a]xf]g]{5 . nSsL 8«af6sLlt{k'/lgjf;L bLa/fh /fO{ ljhoLePsf 5g\ .

lgdf{tf÷lgb{zs s]kL kf7sljut s]xL ;dootf Pp6L b'AnL/ lgbf]{if cg'xf/ ePsL lszf]/Lsnfsf/sf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . rnlrqIf]qdf rf;f] /fVg] snfsf/b]lvkqsf/;DdnfO{ d}gf ;'g'jf/sf]wldnf ] tl:a/ b ]vfp “b } pgLelg/x]sf e]l6G5g\– …of] tl:a/;“uldNg] s'g} o'jtL b]lvP dnfO{ va/ug ' {; \ x } < Ú lgb ] {zs kf7s;+s6sfnsf a]nf sfe|]sf] kf“rvfnAof/]sdf ePsf] dfgjclwsf/lj/f]wL36gfdf lgdf{0ffwLg rnlrq …d}gfÚsf] d'Vo gflosfsf] vf]hLdf h'6]sfx'g\ . pgL e]l6Phlt ;a}nfO{ cfkm"n]agfpg nfu]sf] dxŒjfsf+IfL rnlrqsfljifodf ;'emfj dfUb} 5g\ .

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d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 !$

;fgf] ;+;f/ rnlrqaf6} rnlrq lgb]{zgdf Sofl/o/ vf]Hg'sf] p2]Zo s] xf] <;fgf] pd]/b]lv g} rnlrq lgb] {zg ug] { /x/ lyof], cWoog klgoxL ljifodf u/]kl5 t /fd|f ] …rnlrq d]s/Ú aGg] OR5f cema9\of] . ;'vb ;+of]u & jif{cl3 klxnf] k6s efis/ 9'ª\ufgfn] g}rnlrq lgb]{zgsf nflu ckm/ u/]sf lyP, d}n] To;a]nf ul/g“ . clxn]km]l/ efis/hL g} ;+nUg Sj]:6n] ckm/ u¥of], dnfO{ ;fgf] ;+;f/sf] syfklg dg k¥of] / sfd u/]sf] xf] .

ljjflxtk'?ifx¿ lsgaflx/cf“vf3'dfp“5g\ <

cljjflxt xf ]Og==< lsg /===3/sL >LdtLb]lv jfSs eP/xf]nf lg . dflg;sf] g]r/df klge/ k5 { . d }n ] k lgTo:tf] cg'ej u/]sL 5', h'g dnfO{k6Ss} dgkb}{g .

df08jL lqkf7L, uflosf;w}+el/ Pp6} s'/f x]bf{–x]bf{ lbSseP/ xf]nf, cf“vf /fd|f] rLhx]g{nfO{ g} t agfPsf] xf] lg,x}g== km]l/ c¿;“u ePsf] rLh/fd|f] nfUg] dfgjLo u'0f g} txf] . aflx/sf] s'/f /fd|f] nfU5,gf}nf] nfU5 ToxL eP/ xf]nf, cf“vfnf]eL dg kfkL eP/ klg xf]nf .

sf]dn jnL, uflosfxfxf=== c“ lsg eGg',== c“ w]/}nf]eL eP/ xf]nf=== dtna 3/dfePsfnfO{ cf“vf gnfUg] eP/aflx/lt/ cf“vf nufpg] xf]nf====

Do'lhs lel8of]df /fhf eOof], ca rnlrqdf klg ToxL Voflt sdfpg]eg]/ dxŒjfsf+Iff knfPsf] xf] ls <To:tf] xf]Og, rnlrq agfpg] OR5f eP klg cWoog k"/f u/]/ g]kfn kmls{PnuQ}d]/f] rnlrq agfOxfNg] of]hgf lyPg . syf, rl/qsf] e"ldsf / ;Dk"0f{ rnlrqKofs]hsf af/]df cg'ej xfl;n u/]kl5 dfq rnlrqdf sfd u5'{ eGg] ;f]r]sf] lyP“,ToxL ;f]rfOcg'¿k Do'lhs lel8of]nfO{ cEof;sf ¿kdf lnP/ sfd ug{ yfn]+, t/Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zg g} k];f aGg uof], d klg o;}df a9L Jo:t eP“ . Do'lhslel8of]af6 kfPsf] dfof rnlrq lgb]{zgsf nflu k|]/0ff ag]sf] eg] cjZo xf] .Do'lhs lel8of]df kfPsf] ;kmntfs} cfwf/df 7"nf] rnlrqdf klg;kmntf kfOPnf t <rnlrq agfpgsf nflu ddf klxn]b]lv g} slGkm8]G; lyof] . d]/f] ljZn]if0fdfrnlrq agfpg'eGbf Do'lhs lel8of] agfpg' r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfd xf], lsgeg] tLgldg]6sf] lel8of]df syfj:t'nfO{ ;f/f+z ¿kdf lvr]/ Sof/]S6/nfO :yflkt ug'{,bz{sn] a'em\g] z}nLdf ljleGg df]8, 36gfx¿nfO{ k|of]u ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'G5 .c9fO 306fsf] rnlrqdf t k|f]8S;g l6d g} 7"nf] x'G5, ;do kof{Kt x'G5 .tkfO{+sf] rnlrq ahf/df cfPkl5 g]kfnL rnlrq pBf]un] gof“ df]8 lnG5 t <d}n] g]kfnL bz{ssf lglDt g]kfnL rnlrq agfPsf] xf], rnlrq pBf]udfqmflGt Nofpg xf]Og . d]/f] sfd k[ys\ rnlrq lgdf{0fsf lglDt k|of;

c¿ s] eGg]== ToxL xf] == .em/gf yfkf, gflosf

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;df yfkf, ;dfrf/jflrsfk|foMh;f] k'?ifsf] :jefj g} To:t}x'G5, o;nfO{ d :jfefljs ¿kdflnG5' . s'g} o'jtL cyjf csf{sL>LdtL /fd|L nfUg ;S5g\ .cfkm\gL >LdtL;“u ;Gt'i6 gx'“bf,c;dembf/L x'“bf, ;DaGw lau|“bfTo:tf] x'G5 h:tf] nfU5 . d}n]a'em]sf] ToxL xf], P clg k'?ifx¿hlxn] klg cfkm"nfO{ tGg]/L;DemG5g\, To;}n] kf] xf] ls <

v'Za' cf]nL, k"j{ ld; l6g

cd]l/sfsf] d]l/NofG8l:yt d]l/NofG8 sn]haf6 kkm{ld{ª cf6{dfrf/jif{] l8u|L lnP/ ;g\ !((* df g]kfn kmls{Psf cfnf]s g]Djfªn]Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zgsf] If]qdf 5'6\6} dfgs tof/ u/]sf 5g\.Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zgsf nflu ufos–uflosfx¿sf] klxnf]/f]hfOsf] lgb]{zs aGg ;kmn cfnf]s oltv]/ rnlrq lgb]{zgdf klgToxL dfgs lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf 5g\. cfnf]s oltv]/ Sj]:6OG6/6]gd]G6 Aofg/sf] rnlrq ‘;fgf] ;+;f/’ sf] 5fof+sgdf Jo:t5g\. ;ft jif{sf] cjlwdf !* j6f rnlrqsf] lgb]{zgsf nflu ckm/cfP klg cfnf]sn] oxL rnlrqnfO{ /f]h]sf x'g\.

hDsf

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ug]{, k|:t'ltdf gof“kg lbg] dfq xf] . gof“ df]8 cfp“5, cfp“b}g of]bz{sn] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ s'/f xf], d}n] cfkm}+n] eGg] xf]Og .clwsf+z g]kfnL, g]kfnL rnlrq x]g{ xn;Dd} gk'Ug] oyfy{tfdf tkfO{+sf]rnlrq s;n] x]l/b]nf t <d]/f] Do'lhs lel8of] dg k/fpg'x'g] bz{sn] cjZo klg o;n] s:tf]rnlrq agfP5 eg]/ x]g{ hfg'x'G5 eGg] cfzf 5 . w]/}n] dnfO{ rnlrqlgb]{zgdf nfUg ;Nnfx klg lbg'ePsf] 5, To;}n] pxf“x¿ d]/f] rnlrqx]g{ xn;Dd k'Ug'x'G5 .Sj]:6n] g} lgdf{0f u/]sf] csf]{ rnlrq sfuj]gL nfdf] ;do e};Sbf klg;fj{hlgs gePsfn] tkfO{+sf] rnlrq klg aLr}df cndlnPnf ls <cndlnG5 h:tf] nfUb}g\, d}n] k|f]h]S6 / k|f]8\o';/ b'j}df ljZjf; /fv]sf] 5' .hxf“;Dd sfuj]gLsf] s'/f 5, d To;df ;xefuL g} 5}g, csf]{ s'/f rnlrq agfpgPs jif{ nfUg' ;fdfGo s'/f xf], of] rnlrqk|lt bz{ssf] ck]Iff w]/} ePsfn] l9nf]eof] eg]/ rrf{ ul/Psf] x'g;S5 .cfnf]s g]Djfªn] eljiodf g]kfnL rnlrq lgb]{zgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg];Defjgf slQsf] 5 <–lrQa'em\bf] k|f]8S;g / ;]6ck kfP“ eg] cjZo lg/Gt/tf lbG5' . rnlrqagfpg' d]/f] p2]Zo g} ePsfn] d]/f] ofqf hf/L /xg]5, t/ r'hL ePsfn]/fd|f] ckm/ dfq :jLsf/ u5{' .

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tl:a/ M of]l;sfh" ;'gf]÷PPkmkL

of}g;Dks{sfko{6s

ko{6sx¿ c¿sf] b]z lsg3'D5g\ eGg] k|Zgdf snf;+:s[lt,ef}uf]lns agfj6 x]g{nfO{ eGg] Psk|sf/sf] /]l8d]8 pQ/ cfp“5 .oBlk ;a} b]zsf ko{6s oxLcfzf /fv]/ 3'D5g\ eGg] 5}g .sltko ko{6s of}g;Dks{sf]clenfiff /fv]/ klg e|d0fdfl g :sG5g \ . of ] tYo xfn }a]nfotdf ul/Psf] Ps ;j]{If0fsfqmddf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] xf] . pQm;j]{If0fcg';f/ a]nfotsf @)k|ltzt ko{6s k|]ldsf lnP/of }g;Dks{sf nflu e|d0fdflg:sG5g\ . …g];gn ;j]{ ckm ;]S;Pl6Ro'6 PG8 nfOkm:6fOnÚ n] !@

xhf/ JolQmdf pQm ;f]w u/]sf]lyof], h;df ;xefuL clwsf+z JolQm!^ b]lv $$ jif{ ;Ddsf lyP .pQm ;j]{If0fdf ;xefuL ePsf @#k|ltzt k'?if tyf !& k|ltztdlxnfn] cfkm\gf] ljb]zofqfsf qmddfklxnf] k6s of}g ;Dks{ /fv]sf]atfPsf lyP .

;j ] { I fdf a ]nfotLx¿n ]c;'/lIft of}g;Dks{sf af/]dfcfkm"nfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf] atfPklg yfONofG8, s]Gof / pQ/

cd]l/sfdf c;'/lIft of}g;Dks{/fVbf P8\; /f ]u ;g] { k|an;Defjgf /x]sf] atfP t/ klgpg L x¿n ] cfkm \gf ] klxnf ]of}g;fyLsf ¿kdf a]nfotLnfO{eGbf Pl;ofnL jf pQ/ cd]l/sLdlxnf rfx]sf ] atfP . PstYof+scg';f/ ;g\ @))% df ^s/f]8 ^) nfv a]nfotL ljb]ze|d0fsf nflu lgl:sPsf lyP .;+Vof ;g\ !((() sf] t'ngfdf #u'0ff a9L xf] .

dof{bfg]kfnL rnlrqdf /fh]z xdfnsf] clego

Ps}gf;sf] x'g] u/]sf] cf/f]k nflu/x]s} a]nfrnlrq ‘dof{bf’ df eg] pgn] gsf/fTdse"ldsfdf clego u/]sf 5g\ . cfhb]lvsf7df8f}+sf ljleGg l;g]df3/df k|bz{g k|f/Dex'g] rnlrq dof{bfdf /fh]z k|]dsf lj/f]wL kfqsf¿kdf k |:t 't ePsf 5g \ . ;fgf ] kbf {sf6]ln>[ª\vnfx¿df ;kmn 7xl/Psf o'jf lgb]{ifs Zofd e§/fO{n] lgb]{zgu/]sf] of] rnlrqn] /fhwfgLdf k|j]z kfpg csf]{ rnlrqsf] So'gf£g'k¥of] . cfhb]lv rnlrq ‘hLjgbftf’ k|bz{g x'g] elgP klg k|lqmofk"/f gePsf] eGb} xnjfnfx¿n] ‘dof{bf’ nufpg] lg0f{o u/]kl5 clxn]lgdf{tf / xndflnsx¿aLr åGå rln/x]sf] 5 . ;~ho s'6'åf/f lgdf{0ful/Psf] rnlrq dof{bfdf /fh]z xdfnsf cltl/Qm lglvn pk|]tL,;+lrtf n'O“6]n, Zofd l3ld/], lbj; pk|]tL, /~hgf zdf{ tyf c?l0fdfnD;fnsf] d'Vo e"ldsf 5 . k|]dk|wfg rnlrq dof{bfnfO{ ;kmn rnlrqagfpg åGå nufot cGo ;a} vfnsf d;nf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .lgb]{zs e§/fO{sf] syfdf lgdf{0f ePsf] of] rnlrqdf ;+uLtsdns[i0fsf] 5 .

uf]nof] jif{ alnp8 rnlrq pBf]udf v]ndf

cfwfl/t rnlrqx¿ k|bz{g dfq ePgg\, k|foM;a} rnlrqn] /fd|f] Jofkf/ klg u/] . lqms]6dfcfwfl/t x\ofl6«s, r}g s'nLls d}g s'nL, xlsdfcfwfl/t rs b] OlG8ofkl5 cfh alnp8rnlrq pBf]udf ljZjs} Ps gDa/ dflgg]v]n km'6andf cfwfl/t rnlrq ‘bg bgfbguf]n’ ;fj{hlgs x'“b}5 . rs b] OlG8ofsf]

;kmntfnfO{ x]/]/ klg rnlrq ljZn]ifsx¿n] of]rnlrqn] ;kmn Jofkf/ ug]{ ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . alnp8sf x6hf]8L hf]g ca|fxd tyf ljkfzf j;'nfO{ x]g{ klg bz{s xn;Dd k'Ug]cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . rnlrqsf] syfcg';f/ k|fof]hs kfpg 5f]8]sf]/ /fd|f v]nf8L klg gePsf] o'gfO6]8 km'6an Snasf nflu sDafOG8slG6«h km'6an lnu lht]/ cfkm\gf] ;fv arfpg'kg]{ afWotf x'G5 . of]r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug]{ lhDdf rnlrqsf csf{ gfos c/zb jf/;Ln]lnPsf x'G5g\, t/ /fd|f] v]nf8L ge} v]n lhTg g;lsg] ePsfn]k|lzIfs af]dg O/fgLn] hf]gnfO{ l6ddf leœofp“5g\ . ljkf;fsf sf/0fc/zb / hf]g Ps–csf{nfO{ dg k/fp“b}gg\ . csf{tkm{ l;6L sfplG;nSna o'gfO6]8sf] v]nd}bfg cfkm\gf] kIfdf kfg{ vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5 . o'l6eLdf];g lkSr/sf nflu ?gL :qm'jfnfn] lgdf{0f tyf ljj]s clUgxf]qLn] lgb]{zgu/]sf] of] rnlrqdf k|Ltd rqmjtL{n] ;+uLt lbPsf 5g\ .

cu:6 /;xlnp8 rnlrq pBf]udf of] ;ftf

rnlrq cu:6 /; ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .;f+uLlts ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t of] rnlrqsf]syf cgf}7f] k|sf/sf] 5 . rnlrqcg';f/n}nf gf]ef;]s ;+uLtnfO{ cToGt} dfof ug]{x'lG5g\ . To:t} uLtsf/ tyf ;+uLtsf/ n'O;sg]nL ;+uLtsf] If]qd} sfo{/t x'G5g\ . rnlrqdfoL b'O{ kfqaLr k|]d x'G5 . n'O;;“usf] Ps;f“em pgsf] hLjgsf nflu cToGt} dxŒjk"0f{x'G5 . pgLx¿n] km]l/ e]6\g] jfrf u/]sf x'G5g\,t/ n}nfsf] kl/jf/sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;d:o fpTkGg x'G5 . sd]8L, Do'lhsn tyf kkm{ld{ª cf6{df cfwfl/t of]rnlrqnfO{ ls/:6]g z]l/8fgn] lgb]{zg u/]sf x'g\ . ! 306f %# ldg]6nfdf] of] rnlrqdf k|m]8L xfOdf]/, /f]lag ljlnoD;, s]l/ /;]n,hf]gfyg /fO{ d]o;{ tyf 6]/]G; xf]jf8{n] clego u/]sf 5g\ . rnlrqsf]5fof+sg cfo/NofG8sf] 8lAngdf ul/Psf] lyof] .

pkTosfdfsf]l/ofnL rnlrq

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sf7df8f } + – ut ;ftf

/fhwfgLdf blIf0f sf]l/ofsf s]xLrnlrq k |bz {g ul/P . ut;f]daf/b]lv z'qmaf/;Dd rn]sf]sf]l/ofnL rnlrq dxf]T;jdf s'nrf/ rnlrq k|bz{g ul/Psf lyP/ tLdWo] …cfO{ jL; cfO{ x\of8 cjfOkmÚ ;a}eGbf a9L dg k/fOPsf]lyof] . sf]l/ofnL snf–;flxTodfd[To'nfO{ ;a}eGbf b'Mvb\ dflgG5 .To;}n] clwsf+z sf]l/ofnL rnlrqdfd [ To 'k l5sf ] cj:yfnfO {uDeL/tfk"j{s lrq0f ul/G5 .dxf]T;jdf k|blz{t rnlrqx¿dfklg oxL ljifonfO{ p7fOPsf] lyof] .

dxf]T;jdf …h:6 8' O6Ú, …Ond]/Ú tyf …HjfOG6 ;]So'l/6L Pl/ofÚzLif{ssf rnlrq klg k|bz{gul/Psf lyP . g]kfndf h:t}sf]l/ofdf klg z/b\ Ct'sf a]nfg} ljleGg rf8kj{ tyf cGgleœofpg] a]nf x'G5 . of] a]nf ;a}b'Mv, kL8f la;]{/ rf8–kj{ dgfOG5 .oxL ;donfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ blIf0fsf]l/ofnL b"tfjf;n] sf]l/ofnLrnlrq sfplG;n;“u ;xsfo{ ub}{

g ]k fnL bz {sx¿sf nf lusf]l/ofnL rnlrq b]vfpg] jftfj/0fldnfPsf] xf] .

rf/ bzskl5af¥xji]f{ gfr

x]6f}+8f— dsjfgk'/sf] pQ/LIf]q kfn'ªdf kf08jk'/sf /fhfwd{Wjh tyf ljhok'/sf /fhfjL/Wjhsf] hLjgz}nL Pj+ hgtfk|ltpgLx¿sf] TofunfO{ lrq0f ug]{af¥xjif]{ gfr ut ;ftfel/ k|bz{gul/of] . k|frLg sfndf /fhfx¿n]nufpg] klx/g tyf pgLx¿;“u; } lgs kf ];fsdf /x ]sf;'/IffsdL{x¿nfO{ lrq0f ul/Psf] of]gfr dsjfgk'/sf] pQ/L If]qbfdgsf] uf]kfnL ufp“df rf/bzskl5 k|bz{g ul/Psf] xf] . pQmgfrn] /fhfx¿sf] To; a]nfsf]/fhsfh ;~rfng ug] { z}nL,hgtfk|lt pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/,ax'ljjfx ubf{ x'g] kfl/jfl/s b'Mv/ Tolta]nfsf] g]jf/ ;d'bfosf];+:s[ltsf] ememNsf] lbO/x]sf] lyof] .gfrdf To; a]nfsf /fhfx¿sf]jL/tf k |:t 't ul/g 'sf ;fy };dfhsf ljs[lt Pj+ lj;+ultx¿sfaf/]df ;d]t rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

dsjfgk '/sf b 'O { /fHokf08jk'/ / ljhok'/sf /fhfx¿sf]hLjgz}nL k|:t't ug]{ of] gfr kfn'ªuflj;sf g]jf/ ;d'bfosf nfluljz]if gfrsf ¿kdf kl/lrt /x]sf]gfr Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIfZofdeQm >]i7n] atfP . afBjfbstyf snfsf/ u/L ;oeGbf a9LJolQmn] clego u/]sf] pQm gfrsfnflu ̂ dlxgf;Dd k|lzIf0f lbOPsf]lyof] eg] kfn'ª tyf bfdgsfljleGg :yfgdf nfdkf6L 8jnL,cd'n] v6, l;l4u0f]z v6 u/L !@j6f v6 tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

nf]k x'g nfu]sf] !@ jif] {gfrdf lxGbL / ;+:s[t efiffsf]k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . cfk\mgf] k|frLg

;+:s[lt nf]k x'g nfu]sfn] To;sf];+/If0fsf nflu gfr b]vfOPsf] gfrJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf >]i7n]atfP . gfr k|bz{gsf nflucTolws vr{ x'g] tyf 7"nf] hgzlQmcfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] o;cl3 gfrk|bz{g ug{ g;lsPsf] >]i7n] atfP .

%) eGbf a9L uf ]kfnLkl/jf/sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] bfdgsf]uf]kfnL ufp“n] cfk\mg} ;+:s[lt /klxrfg af]s]sf] 5 . pQm ufp“sfclwsf+z uf]kfnL s[lifdf cfwfl/t5g\ . o; If]qdf s[lifsfo{af6 ysfgd]6fpg ljleGg k|sf/sf gfrcfof]lht e}/xG5g \ . o;cl3Toxf“ nfv]gfr k|bz{g ul/Psf]lyof] . snfTds z}nLsf Ps}k|sf/sf 3/x¿sf] a:tL /x]sf]uf]kfnL ufp“n] g]kfnsf] k|frLga:tLsf] ememNsf] lbG5 .

–¿k]z b'nfn

57df grfP o'jfn]

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/hgsk'/– laxfg # ah]

cf/De x'g] 8fG;kf6L{df gfRg]ljifodf sf7df8f } +sf kf6L {sfr/fx¿n] ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gg\ . utzlgaf/ laxfg # ah] oxf“ k|f/DeePsf] Ps 8fG;kf6L{df gfRg] ;of}+bz{s b]lvP . gfRgsf nflu axfgfklg ultnf] lyof]– 57 kj{ .ef]lnkN6 laxfg pbfPsf ;"o{sf]bz{g u/L k"hfcfhf ug{ z'qmaf//ftLb ] lv e]nf ePsf xhf/f } +

eQmhgx¿nfO{ sf7df8f } +a f 6uPsf l8h ] o ' j fn ] lax fg }l 8 h ] O ¨ u / ] / g r f P .lem lnldnL aQLsf] pHofnf]df/dfO/x]sf o'jf bz{sx¿dfq xf]Ogg\afnaflnsfb]lv j[4;Dd ;a}nfO{l8h] o'jfn] lxGbL, g]kfnL, d}ynLcflb uLtx¿nfO{ l8h] ldS; ub}{gfRg afWo t'NofP .

57 kj {sf cj;/dfhgsk'/l:yt uf]kfn wd{zfnfdfldlynf gf6\o kl/ifb\sf] cfof]hgftyf lqz"n Oe]G6\;sf] Joj:yfkgdf;DkGg …PS;k|]; dgL–57 kj{ d]nfÚsf] cf/De z'qmaf/ /ftL ( ah]af6kl/ifb\sf snfsf/x¿n] laxfgtLg ah ];Dd d }ynL snf ,uLt;+uLt cflb k|:t't u/] .sfo{qmdsf] cfsif{0f ;a} hghfltsfsnf ;+:s[ltsf] k|:t'lt lyof] .

xf“;f] / bf]xf]/Ldf /Dof] bdf}nLtgx'“– bdf}nLjf;L xf“;f] /

bf]xf]/Ldf /dfp“b} lyP . bf]xf]/Lsf]/Gsf];“u} xf:osnfsf/ dgf]huh'/]nsf] k|x;gn] ahf/ ttfPsf]lyof] . lgwf/df tf/fc+lst /ftf]km]6f af“w]sf vfOnfUbf rf/o'jfnfO{ bfof“afof“ /fv]/ k|x;gubf{ uh'/]nn] k|z:t tfnL kfP .

sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdfuh'/]nsf] xf“;f] / bf]xf]/Ln] ahf/}u'~hfodfg agfPsf] lyof] .dgf]h;“u} xjgsnL ag]sLkf]v/]nL snfsf/ ;'ifdf kf}8]nn]k|r08 z}nLsf uh'/]n;“u u/]sf]k|Zgn] bz{sx¿nfO{ k]6ldrLldrL xf“:g afWo agfPsf]lyof] . dfcf]jfbL eft[ ;+u7gof]Ë sDo'lg:6 lnu-jfO{;LPn_ k|lt Joª\Uo ub{}cfkm"nfO{ of]Ë sDo'lg:6 n]8LeGg cg'/f]w ug]{ kf}8]nn]

uh'/]n;“u k|Zg u/]sL lyOg\ .h]=aL= 6'x'/]n] uLt ufp“bf

Ps}l5g sfo{qmd:yndf ;Ggf6f5fPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]aLraLrdf ljleGg hftLo uLttyf g[Ton] d~r ttfPsf]lyof] . ufos ab | L k +u ]gLn ]g]tfx¿k|lt OlËt ub{ }…nf;dfly km"n /fVb}df;lxbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ x'Ggxh'/====Ú ufp“bf g]tfx¿ klgs]xL a]/ 6f]nfPsf lyP .

k+u]gL tyf nf]suflosflznf cfn]aLrsf] bf]xf]/Ln]bz{sx¿nfO{ gfrf}+–gfrf+}agfPkl5 aRrfb]lv a"9f;Dd5d5d gfr]sf lyP . sfo{qmddfnf]suflosf k|Llt cfn], ofd' zdf{cflbn] klg nf]s tyf bf]xf]/LuLt ufPsf lyP .

–;Gtf]if kf]v/]n

Page 14: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

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d]/f] lxhf]cfh ef]nL=====s:tf] k|sf/sf]uLt xf] <of] uLt 6]Sgf]la6df cfwfl/t/f]dflG6s …ne ;ªÚ xf] . d]/f]klxnf] uLt …6«Øflh8L a];Ú dflyof] eg] clxn]sf] of] uLt z'4/f]dflG6s uLt xf] / of] kmf:6la6df klg 5 .uLt sf]k|lt nlIft 5 <d]/f ;a} >f]tfx¿, h;n] d]/f]klxnf] uLt dg k/fpg'ePsf]lyof], of] uLt pxf“x¿d} ;dlk{tu/]sf] 5' .of] uLtsf] efj s:tf] 5 <of] ;dlk{t uLt xf], k| ]dLn]k|]ldsfnfO{ ltdL d]/f nflu Psbd}dxŒjk"0f{ 5f} eg]/ uLt dfkm{tPS;k|];g u/]sf 5g\ .k|ltlqmof s:tf] cfO/x]sf] 5 <uLt ;fj{hlgs ePsf] w]/} ePsf]5}g t/ klg clxn] /fd|f] uLtufP5f} eg]/ y'k| } k|ltlqmofcfO/x]sf 5g\ . s;}s;}n] klxn]sf]eGbf kmf:6 la6df ufPsfn] /fd|f]eGg'ePsf] 5 eg] s;}n] klxn]s}}/fd|f] klg eGg'ePsf] 5 . h] xf];\,r]Gh vf]h]sfn] ;du|df /fd|}k|ltlqmof kfPsf] 5' .Do'lhs lel8of] s:tf] nfUof] <sG;]K6jfOh dnfO{ Psbd} /fd|f]nfUof] . cfnf]s g]Djfªn] d]xgtu/ ]/ Do ' lhs lel8of ]agfOlbPsfn] g } uLt klgnf]slk|o x'“b} uPsf] 5 .

;ftfsf] :j/

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hGdldlt M ebf} #3/df af]nfpg] gfd M lzlz/gfdsf] cy{ M Pp6f Ct'kl/ro M ufos, ;+uLtsdL{hGd:yfg M sf7df8f+}?lr M 3'Dg dg k/fp“5', n]v–s[lt k9\5'k|sflzt PNad M ;lDem/xG5';f+uLlts u'? M k|e'/fh 9sfn, k"0f{ g]kfnLglhssf ;fyL M ;a} glhs} 5g\dgkg]{ kl/sf/ M cfdfn] ksfPsf] e'6]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;'dgkg]{ /+u M sfnf]dgkg]{ klx/g M lhG;, l6;6{, ;fwf/0fdgkg]{ df};d M hf8f]dgkg]{ v]n M km'6an, alS;ªkm';{bdf M uLt n]Vg', uhn ;'Gg'dgkg]{ uLt M cfh km]l/ ;kgLdfl/; p7]sf] a]nf M ;Dxflng vf]H5'dgkg]{ cfkm\g} afgL M xf“l;/xG5'klxnf] uLt M ltdL cfh sxf“ uof}klxnf] PNad M ;lDem/xG5'klxnf] rlr{t uLt M ;lDem/xG5' ;w}+ g};a}eGbf a9L dfof M dfof hf]lvG5 / <klxnf] afhf M af“;'/Lklxnf] k|]d M lyOg\ sf]xLklxnf] r'Dag M pg}nfO{klxnf] kmf]6f];];g M ;g\ @))% df/fd|f] afgL M ldng;f/ x'“ h:tf] nfU5g/fd|f] afgL M l56f] l/;fp“5'uf]Ko s'/f M vf;} 5}gcGo k|ltef M lrq sf]5'{, gfR5' .

nf]s–ufos tyf ;+uLtsf/o'Qm u'?ªsf] ut zlgaf/ ;f“emgof“ afg]Zj/df df]6/;fOsnb'3{6gfdf k/L lgwg ePsf] 5 .tLg bzsb]lv /]l8of] g]kfndfsfo{/t u'?ª w'lnv]ndf lkslgsvfP/ kms{g] qmddf b'3{6gfdf k/]sflyP . df]6/;fOsnnfO{ k5fl8af6cfPsf] 6\ofS;Ln] 7Ss/ lbPkl5k5fl8 a;]sf ufos u'?ª x'lQP/;8sdf k5fl/Psf lyP . 6fpsf]dfuDeL/ rf]6 nfu]kl5 pgnfO{ glhssf]Pe/]:6 gl;{ª xf]d k'¥ofOPsf] lyof],t/ c:ktfnsf lrlsT;sx¿n]pgnfO{ d[t 3f]lift u/] . g]kfnLtyf u'?ª efiffdf ;d]t u/]/ nueuPs ;oj6f uLtdf /]s8{ u/]sf ufosu'?ª cfkm \gf ] gof“ uLlt;+u|x;fj{hlgs ug]{ tof/Ldf lyP .

ufO{3f6sf] af]S;]l:yt hfu/0fo'jf Snan] ut zlgaf/ Ps sG;6{;DkGg u¥of] . ;f+uLlts /s sG;6{gfds/0f ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddfemG8 } Ps xhf/ ;+uLtk | ]dLo'jfo'jtLsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .clkml;on ldl8of pbok'/ 86 sd/x]sf] pQm sG;6{df :yfgLo ufos–ufoLsfx¿n] emG8} Ps bh{g lxGbLtyf g]kfnL uLt ufP/ pkl:ytbz{sx¿nfO{ ;+uLtsf] gzfdfe'mdfPsf lyP . pQm cj;/df lngfsfsL{n] UNofd/; kl/xgdf g[Tok|:t't u/L bz{sx¿nfO{ cfkm";“u}

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bz{s v]tsf] sfd 5f]8]/ cf]Ol/P

lj/f6gu/– v]tdf kfs]sf] afnL leœofpg] a]nfsf] r6f/f]df ufp“dfrlr{t snfsf/x¿ k'u] eg] ls;fgn] v]td} sfd ul//xG5 lssnfsf/x¿nfO{ ;fy lbG5g\ < kSs} klg v]tsf] sfd 5f]8\b}g, t/df]/ªsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf ePsf] Pp6f ;f+uLlts hd36df ufp“n]n] ;Dk"0f{sfd 5f]8]/ snfsf/x¿sf] :jfut u/] . df]/ªsf] ao/jgl:yt cfOtaf/]df;DkGg …cfOtaf/] ;f+uLlts e]6Ú df ufp“n]x¿n] rf/ 306f cfgGb lnP .;f+uLlts sfo{qmd ufosx¿ ;'ldt v8\sf, k'mjf{ z]kf{ / k|anbLk ljZjf;sf]…lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ sf]xL 5}g oxf“ k/fO{, g]kfn xf] 3/ g]kfnL xf] y/,Pp6} xf] hft a;f}+ ;fy;fy===Ú uLtaf6 k|f/De ePsf] lyof] .

cfÎg} l5d]sL ufp“ eP klg oxf“ slxNo} ufpg] cj;/ gkfPsf]atfpg] dx]z a"9fyf]sLn] cfÎgf rlr{t uLtaf6 ufp“n]x¿nfO{ cfk"m;“u}grfP . :6]hdf plSnPsf k|sfz cf]emf tyf Pd;L qmfOl;:gfn] eg]bz{saLrd} k'u]/ uLt ufP . cf]emfn] ufp“sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] lha|f]dfe'mlG8Psf] uLt ;'gfP eg] qmfOl;:gfsf] ¥ofk s;}n] a'em]gg\ . e"ldutufos qmfOl;:gfsf] c+u|]hL ¥ofkdf ;of}+ bz{s gfr] klg pgsf zAbdfldl;Psf cZnLn zAbx¿ s;}n] yfxf kfPgg\ .

gjufos dl0f >]i7n] snfsf/x¿nfO{ ufp“df ul/g] ;Ddfgsf]k|z+;f u/] . Joj:yfkgsf] sdhf]/Ln] :6]hdf lah'nL h8fg gx“'bf k|fZgfzfSon] ;f“emsf] c“Wof/f]d} uLt ufpg'k/]sf] lyof] . k|fZgfn] ufpg] qmddfbz{ssf] x"n :6]hd} r9]/ gfr]sf] lyof] . snfsf/sf uLt;“u} rf}/dfgflr/x]sf bz{s a]nfa]nf lah'nL uP/ uLt /f]ls“bf eg] cfqmf]lztb]lvGy] . pQm cj;/df lj/f6gu/sf] /fOlhª l:6«ª\; AofG8n] kk uLtx¿k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . To;afx]s :yfgLo AofG8 / snfsf/x¿n] klguLt tyf g[Tox¿ k|:t't u/] . afnsnfsf/ ljZjlht /fO{n] xf:o g[Tou/]/ ;a}nfO{ x“;fP .

–sdn l/dfn

uflosf df};dL u'?ª, k|fZgf zfSo tyf lg0f{o Ps cgf}krfl/s ;df/f]xdf .

grfPsL lyOg\ . lb /fOlhª u|'ksfclwsf+z ufosn] bz{sx¿nfO{ em'dfPsf]sG;6{ ;f“em % ah] ;'? eP/ emG8} ;ft306f;Dd rn]sf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] rlr{t /s ;d"xceof PG8 b l:6d OGhG;n] cfufdLgf]e]Da/ #) b]lv l8;]Da/ @tfl/v;Dd gof“ lbNnLdf cfof]hgfx'g] …;fpy Pl;og /s sG;6{Údfg]kfnsf tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ub}{5 .pQm sG;6{df dfnlbE;sf] lh/f] l8u|LP6/f]n, a+unfb]zsf] dfON; / a+unfkmf]s km\o'hg AofG8, >Ln+sfsf]l:6ªdftf, kfls:tfgsf] l:6«ª\;,e '6fgsf ] gf ] ln {ª AofG8,ckmuflg:tfgsf] b cfo{g AofG8 tyfef/tsf z+s/, Ozfg / nf]o, OlG8ogcf];g, /fx'n bLlIft k|f]h]S6, ;f]nd]6\; cflb /s ;d"xx¿sf ;fy ceofPG8 b l:6d O~hG;n] cfkm\gf rlr{t/s uLtx¿ k|:t't ub}{5 . tLglbg;Dd rNg] pQm j[xb\ /s sG;6{sf]cfof]hgf ;fs{df cfa4 blIf0fPl;ofsf cf7 d'n'saLrsf] ;f+uLlts;DaGw a9fpg ef/tl:yt Psu}/;/sf/L ;+:yf …;x/Ún] ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .

x/]s dlxgf ;+qmflGt cyf{t\! ut] k'/fgf] afg]Zj/ 8f“8fl:ytu'?s'ndf ;f+uLlts pT;jsf ¿kdf…zf:qLo ;+qmflGtÚ dgfO“b} cfPsf] 5 .o;} cj;/df ut d+l;/ ! ut]zlgaf/sf lbg k'/fgf] ;dosL

uflosf u+uf /f0ffsf] ;Demgfdf;f+uLlts sfo{qmd k|:t't ul/of] .dlxnf ;+uLtsdL{x¿sf] ;d"xr]nLn] uLt–;+uLt k|:t't u/]sf]pQm sfo{qmddf lbj+ut uflosf/f0ffn] ufPsf ;bfaxf/ uLtx¿k|:t't eP . o;sf ;fy} sfo{qmddfb 'O { km/s k ':tf dlxnf;+uLtsdL{x¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ tanfjfbs;l/tf ld>n] ljleGg w'g ;'gfPsLlyOg\ . k'/fgf] k':tfsf l;tf/afbscd[txL/f of]uL / kbdlx/f :yflkttyf tfgk'/fjfbs ;+uLt k'8f;}gL;“utanfjfbgdf ;fy lb“b} ld>n] Psk|sf/sf] zf:qLo ;+uLt ;'gfOg\ eg]gof“ k':tfsf tanfjfbs Pj+uflosf ;ljgf cfrfo{ / ;fwgf>]i7, uflosf /]vf kf}8]n / u+ufnfdf, tanfjfbs hd'gf nfdf /cGgfz/b\ uf}tdnfO{ ;d]6]/ csf]{ k|sf/sf]zf:qLo ;+uLtsf] hfb' 5l/g\ .

ef/tsf] d'DaO {df a:b }cfPsf g]kfnL snfsf/ d'/nLw/oltv]/ sf7df8f}+df 5g\ . d'/nLw/n];+uLtb]lv clego;Ddsf] ofqf tou/]sf 5g\ . s'g} a]nf pgn] ufPsf]uLt …p8fof] ;kgf ;a} x'/Ln]ÚcToGt} nf]slk|o ePsf] lyof] .ltxf/ dgfpg l;/fxfl:yt cf}/Lufp“cfPsf d'/nLw/ oltv]/ gof“uLlt;+u|xsf] tof/Ldf h '6 ]sf5g\ . …cf“vfsf] efsfÚ zLif{ssf]pQm ;+u|xnfO{ Do'lhs g]kfnn]ahf/df Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . d'/nLw/ut ;ftf g]kfnL tf/f k|ltof]lutfsf]cltly eP/ s'kG8f]n k'u]sf lyP .

;fdfGo ¿kdf ;~rfnge}/x]sf] O6x/L dxf]T;jdf ;f+uLltssfo{qmd k|:t't u/]kl5 dxf]T;jsf]/f}gs g} a9]sf] lyof] . /fhwfgLaf6uPsf xf:osnfsf/x¿;lxtsf];f +uLlts 6f ]nLn] dxf ]T;jdfpkl:yt bz{sx¿nfO{ kof {Ktdgf]/~hg k|bfg u¥of] . ufos

uflosfx¿ e/t l;6f}nf, k|df]b v/]n,cfef d'sf?ª, lxdfn ;fu/,ltnsad dNn, ozf]bf k/fh'nL,afa' af]u6L, k|sfz cf]emf, k|sfzkf}8]n, afa'/fd k/fh'nLn]dxf]T;jdf cfkm\gf nf]slk|ouLtx¿ k|:t't u/ ]sf ]dxf ] T;jdf hL/ ]v ';f {gLo'lg6n] Po/kf]6{ zLif{ssf]

k|x;g k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] eg] snfsf/ls/0f s];Ln] …lnkl;ªÚ u/]/ tLgj6fuLt k|:t't u/] .

;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd eg]kl5x'?Ss} x'g] wgs'6fjf;Lx¿nfO{dflyNnf] uf]s'08]Zj/ pRr df=lj=sf5fq5fqfx¿n] ut z'qmaf/ kof{Ktdgf]/~hg k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} grfPklg . uf]s'08]Zj/ pRr df=lj=sf]k|fË0fdf ;f] ljBfno :yfkgf ePsf]&% jif{ k'u]sf] cj;/df cfof]lhtjflif{s pT;j sfo{qmdsf] k|d'vcfsif{0f eg]s} wgs'6fdf ePsf]gf}nf] k|of; …uf]s'08]Zj/ cfjfhÚ /ljleGg g[To;lxtsf] ;f+:s[ltssfo{qmdsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/dfOlG8og cfO8ns} l;sf] ub} {uf]s'08]Zj/ cfjfh gfd lbP/ k|yduf]s'08]Zj/ cfO8n ;DkGg ul/Psf]lyof] h;df bz{ssf] dtsf cfwf/dfpTs[i6 @ df kg{ ;kmn gd|tf /fO{ /

sdn /fO{aLrsf] k|lt:kwf{df sdn /fO{n]afhL df/] .

ufos od a/fn ;g\ @))&sf 5 dlxgf sfo{qmdsf qmddfd'n'saflx/ /x] . jif{sf] ;'?df k6s–k6s u/]/ kf“r dlxgf hfkfg a;]sfa/fn ltxf/cl3sf] Ps dlxgfo'/f]ksf a]nfot, a]lNhod tyfk|mfG;sf ;x/x¿df sfo{qmd k|:t'tug{df Jo:t /x] . pgsf] of] ljb]zofqf cufdL ;g\ @))*df klg hf/L/xg]5 . ;g\ @))*sf] ;'?df pgL cd]l/sf/ sf]l/ofdf cfof]hgf x'g] ;f+uLltssfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL x'g To;tkm{ k|:yfgug]{5g\ . o;}qmddf hfkfgdf /x]sfuLtsf/ e'jg e§sf] Psn /rgfPj+ ufos a/fnsf] Psn ufog tyf;+uLtdf PNad …xL/fÚsf] /]sl8{ª ;DkGgePsf] 5 . ufos a/fnn] Psn ;+uLtlbPsf] of] klxnf] PNad xf] eg] pgsf]of] b;f}+ PNad xf] .

• emfkfsf k|ltefzfnL afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ ef]ln zlgaf/lbp“;f] ! ah] latf{df]8sf] cu|;]g ejgdf lnl6n lSjg PG8 df:6/lsª, emfkf zLif{sdf afnaflnsf;DaGwL Ps k|lt:kwf{ ;~rfngx'g] ePsf] 5 . b P/f] df]8lnª Ph]G;Låf/f ;~rfng x'g] ef]lnsf]k|ltof]lutfdf ̂ b]lv !@ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf #% hgf aflnsf tyf @%hgf afnssf] ;xeflutf 5 . ljleGg ljBfnodf cWoog/tafnaflnsfx¿aLrsf] of] k|ltof]lutfsf] sf]l/of]u|fkmL l;4fGt l3ld/n] ub}{5g\ .

• ;Q/Lsf] bzsdf lgs} rrf{df /x]sf] …lxKkL km];gÚnfO{ cfhz'qmaf/ Ao'“tfpg] k|oTg ul/“b}5 . …lxKkL lyd kf6L{ÚzLif{sdf cfh ;f“em cf7 ah]b]lv /ftel/ xf]6nofs PG8 oltsf] Sna Knfl6gddf lxKkL km];gkf6L { cfof ] lht x ' “ b }5 . kf6L {df ;xefuLx'g]x¿nfO{ &) sf] bzssf] km];g u/]/ cfpg cg'/f]wul/Psf] 5 . pQm kf6L{df l8h] ¿k]z tyf l8h]t]l~hªn] Tolta]nf g} rrf{df cfPsf] l8:sf], /sPG8 /f]nh:tf ;+uLtsf] hfb' !@ xhf/ jf6sf];fpG8 l;:6daf6 3Gsfpg]5g\ .

Page 15: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 !&sljtf n3'syf

efG5fdf vfgf ksfO/x]sLdDdL;“u kf/; M dDdL, lxhf] dnfO{Tof] cufl8 3/sf] 8fln{ª cG6Ln] b'O{j6f7"nf] rsn]6 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . rsn]6s:tf] dL7f] lyof] .

kf/;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ xf“:b} M8fln{ª cG6L /], Tof] cG6Lsf] gfdt /]vf xf], 8fln{ª xf]Og t .

kf/; M Tof] cG6Lsf] gfd8fln{ª xf]Og eg] kfkfn] lsg lxhf]Tof ] cG6LnfO { 8fln {ª eg]/af]nfPsf] t <

)))/]vf cG6L 3/ cfPsf] a]nf

kfkf kf/;nfO{ kmsfp“b} M dltdLnfO{ b; ?k}of“ lbG5', ltdL3/aflx/sf] rf}/df uP/ v]n x} <

kf/; cln l/;fp“b} M of] kfkft s:tf] sGh'; x'g'x'G5 . dDdLrflx“/fh]z c+sn 3/df cfpg'eof] eg];w}+ ahf/df uP/ cfO;lqmd vfg'eg]/ krf; ?k}of“ lbg'x'G5 †

)))6«flkms k|x/Ldf hflu/ vfg]

/x/n] las'/fd cGtjf{tf{ lbg uP5/ cGtjf{tf{ lng] clws[tn] k|Zg

u/]5g\ M n eGg';\, olb b'O{j6fa; ljk/Lt lbzfaf6 k|lt306f *)lsnf]ld6/sf] ultdf cufl8 u'8\b}5g\ eg] tkfO{+ tL a;nfO{ cfk;dfh'w ]/ b '3 {6gf x 'gaf6 s;/L/f]Sg'x'G5 <

las'/fd M d hf]8;“u l;7\7LahfP/ tL a;nfO{ ;fjwfg u/fp“b}/f]Sg nufp“5' .

clws[t M tkfO{+;“u l;7\7L ePgeg] s;/L /f]Sg'x'G5 a;nfO{ <

ljs'/fd M d ;w}+ /ftf] /ªsf]?dfn af]S5', d Tof] /ftf] ?dfnxNnfp“b} b'j} a;sf rfnsnfO{cfkm\gf] a;sf] ult lgoGq0f ug{/ cufl8 a9\gaf6 /f]s nufp“5' .

clws[t M t/ tL a;x¿/fltsf] ;dodf eP s;/L cfk;dfh'Wgaf6 /f]Sg'x'G5 <

las '/ fd M d nfnl6gxNnfp“b} /f]Sg] ;+s]t u5'{ .

clws[t M nfnl6gdf t]n;lsPsf] eP <

las'/fd M d d]/f ] 5f]/fljsf;nfO{ af]nfp“5' .

clws[t las'/fdsf] pQ/;'g]/ 5Ss kb}{ M 5f]/f lsg lg <

las'/fd M d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{xlnp8sf] PS;g rnlrq lgs}dgk5{, p;nfO{ af]nfP/ tL a;x¿Ps–cfk;df h'w]sf] PS;g k|ToIfx]g{] cj;/ k|bfg u5'{ .

Pp6f uLt /rf}+k|]dsf] Oltxf;df Pp6f uLt /rf}+cfpm cfh ltd|f] d]/f] Pp6f uLt /rf}+xfd|f] k|]d o:tf] xf];\ d'gfdbg lkmSsf agf];\lj5f]8 x}g ;+of]usf] Pp6f k|Lt /rf}+n}nf–dhg'eGbf klg cd/ agf}+ xfdLb'lgof“n] O:of{ u¿g\ To:tf] /Lt /rf}+xfd|f] k|]d ;'jf;n] hut ;f/f 9fsf];\;a} lx“8\g] af6f] vGb} Pp6f lxt /rf}+/f]ldof] / h'lno6sf] syfeGbf /fd|f]km"ndf ;w} lemnldnfpg] Pp6f zLt /rf}+ .

– oNhL ljjz

s] aft ef] /a9\bf] pd]/ r9\bf] j+}z hjfgLsf] s] aft ef] /;j{:j clk{P“ ltdLnfO{ nufgLsf] s] aft ef] /rNg] g} hLjg xfd|f] ;dfhdf o;}u/Lltd|f] xftsf] eft} rNof] kfgLsf] s] aft ef] /;dfhsf] k|ltsf/df pqf}+ cfpm b'j} xfdLOltxf;} n]V5' ltd|f] gfdsf] s] aft ef] /;'v–b'Mv af“8f}nf egL k|0fodf af“lwof}+ xfdLb'Mvdf klg xf“l;lbg] ltd|f] afgLsf] s] aft ef] /b'Mv k¥of] eGb}df gcflQg' eG5\of} ltdLcf“;'sf] gfgL n'sfpg] ltd|f] gfgLsf] s] aft ef] / <

– afns[i0f ;fksf]6f

lhGbuLxfd|f] wf/fsf] xfjf ;/L ef] lhGbuLxfd|f] 6]lnsdsf] df]afOn ;/L ef] lhGbuLkfgL lagfsf] wf/f, xfjf lsGg} gkg]{ ef]dL7f] xf“;f] lgsfNb} bf/f, la:tf/} af]Ng} gkg]{ ef];f; guO{ /ut auL dg'{kg]{ ef]af]Nbfaf]Nb} 7]; nfuL n8\g'kg]{ ef]yfxf 5}g xfdLx¿nfO{ cflv/ xfdLx¿s} x]nf ef]b]zsf nflu n8\bf n8\b} dg'{kg]{ ef];lxb agfO{ /fhwfgLdf kmf]6f] 6f“:g] ef]xfd|f] b]zsf] cfsfz ;/L ef] lhGbuLd]nDrLsf] kfgL ;/L ef] lhGbuLw"jf“–w"jf“s} cfsfz clS;hg lsGg} gkg{] ef]b]zdf kfgLsf]] lan slxNo} ltg{ gkg]{ ef]d/]kl5 cfsfzsf] af6f] lx“8\g} gkg]{ ef]kfgL vfg cfpg]nfO{ klg kfgL lbg} gkg]{ ef] .

– clgn lg/f}nf

kf]v/f— …kf]tfnf b/af/sf]dflykl§ ´G8f kmx/fO/x ]sfxf]nfg\ . cUnf] / /d0fLo e"efunfO{;w} +el/ lxp“n] 9fS5 xf ]nf .ÚslxNo} gb]v]sf] t/, la;{g klgg; lsg ] r L g :jz f l;tltAatsf] sfNklgs aofg ubf{k f ]v/f k [ YjLrf ]sl:ytz/0ffyL{ lzlj/sf #! jifL{o sdf{nfdf o;} eG5g\ .

sdf{h:t} t]lGhg gfdUofnklg ToxL z}nLdf eG5g\— …lhGbuLsl7g xf]nf clg JolQmut :jtGqtfklg gxf]nf .Ú ltAat slxNo}g6]s]sf t/, ToxL ltAatsf] dfofdgel/ af]s]sf oL b'O{ tGg]/L;kgfdf slxn] kf]tfnf b/af/k'U5g\ t slxn] bnfO{ nfdfsf]hGd:yn gf]a' {lnª\vf . lakgfdfeg] pgLx¿ kf]v/fsf] k[YjLrf]s /dx]Gb|k'nlt/} e]l6G5g\ .

rLg;“u dte]b a9\b} uPkl5ltAatsf zf;s tyf wfld{s g]tfbnfO{ nfdf !) dfr{ !(%( dfef/t k;]sf lyP . pgn] ToxL“/fhg}lts z/0f lnP . Toltv]/nfdf;“u} y'k| } ltAatLn] cfÎgf]hGdynf] 5f8], ltg} efUg]x¿sf;Gtfg x'g\ sdf{ / gfdUofn, hf]cfkm"nfO{ ltAatL ePsf]df uj{u5{g\ / slxNo} ltAat guP klgltAatnfO{ dfof u5{g\ .

5f]/ ]kf6g SofDk -ltAatl/;f]6{_ rnfPsf ;f]gfd ;fª\kf]n]tLgk':tf g]kfnd} latfP . clxn]klg pgnfO{ ltAatsf] ;Demgfn]

;tfpg 5f]8]sf] 5}g . pgsf]sfo{sIfdf tLg hgf ltAatL;lxbsf tl:a/, yfª\sf / ltAatsf]7"nf] ef}uf]lns gS;f 6f“luPsf] 5 .dft[e"ld ltAatk|lt slt dfof/ cf:yf 5 eGg] k|df0f xf] of] .;f]gfd eG5g\— …cfkm"n] b]VggkfP klg cfkm\gf] e"ldsf] dfofsxf“ dfg{ ;lsG5 / <Ú

ltAatLx¿sf] kl5Nnf] k':tfo;/L g } dgel/ ltAatsf ]sNkgfdfq u/]/ a:g afWo 5 t/sNkgf dfq u/]/ gx'g] /x]5, cflv/oxf“ a;]kl5 g]kfnL ;dfh;“u klg3'nldn x'g}kg]{ afWotf 5 . g]kfnL;dfh;“usf] ToxL 3'nldnn] g} xf]nf,pgLx¿df g]kfnLkg klg a9\b}uPsf] 5 . …6;L bn]Ú / …gd:t]Úsf]aLrdf x'ls{Psf] kl5Nnf] k':tfdfdgUo g]kfnLkg e]l6G5 . rf8kj{/ ljz]if cj:yfdf afx]s c¿ a]nfpgLx¿ g]kfnL :jfbd} e'N5g\ . sdf{cfkm" a'4 wdf{jnDaL eP klgb;}+nufot cGo rf8af8df g]kfnL;fyLsf] 3/ hfg] / /dfOnf] ug] {atfp“5g\ . s]xL ltAatL o'jtLn]t g]kfnL o'js;“u k| ]dljjfxklg u/]sf 5g\ . efiffdf eg] v;a'́ \g] eP klg pgLx¿ ltAatL g}af]Ng dg k/fp“5g\ .

ltAatL / g ]k fnL;d'bfoaLr Pp6f ultn} tfnd]ne]l6G5 . t]lGhg gfdUofnsfcg';f/, pgnfO{ g]kfn / ltAatst}sf] /fhgLltk|lt rf;f] 5}g .t]lGhgsf] ;f]rfO klg p:t} 5 .

t]lGhg eG5g\— …cK7\of/f] kbf{g]kfnn] xfdLnfO{ z/0f lbof], cag]kfnnfO{ g} xfdLn] cfkm\gf] b]zdfGg'k5{ .Ú z/0ffyL{] eP/ tLg k':tflatfpg'kbf{ eg] pgLx¿ Tolt v';L5 }gg \ , t/ klg g ]kfnLx¿n]bfh'efOh:t} Jojxf/ u/]sf]df eg]pg L x¿ v ' ; L g } 5g \ .g]kfnL;/x pRr lzIff xfl;nug{, ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg, ljb]zhfg ] cg 'd lth:tf clwsf/kfPsf]df ltAatLx¿ g]kfnk|ltgtd:ts 5g\ t/ olt x'“bf klgpgLx¿sf] dgdf ltAatk|ltsf]cufw dfof x6\b}g, ;fob ToxL xf]dft[e"ldsf] dfof .

;w}+el/ :jtGq ltAatsf]sNkgfdf af“r]sf ltAatLsf] klxnf]k':tf g]kfn k;]sf] $* jif{ e};s]sf]5 . ltAatL g]tf bnfO{ nfdfzflGtk"0f{ tj/n] :jtGq ltAatagfpg] cleofgdf clxn] klgnfu]s} 5g\ . bnfO{ nfdf z/0ffyL{ePb]lv clxn];Dd :jtGqtfsfgfddf y'k| } b ]z 6'lqmO;s]sf5g\, t/ pgn] rfx]h:t} s] :jtGqltAat ;Dej xf]nf t < sdf{eG5g\– …kf“r jif{ nfUnf, b;} jif{nfUnf t/ ltAat :jtGq eP/}5f8\5 .Ú t/ jt{dfg l:ylt sd{n];f]r]h:tf] ;/n 5}g .

s'g } klg b]zn] dfGotfglbPsf ] ltAatL … lgjf { l;t;/sf/Úsf] tYof+scg';f/ ! nfv!! xhf/ ltAatL lgjf{;gdf 5g\ .h;dWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} cyf{t\ *%

xhf/ ef/tdf a:5g\ . g]kfndf !$xhf/hlt z/0ffyL{ 5g\, kf]v/fdfdfq} @ xhf/ % ;ob]lv # xhf/hltz/0ffyL{ 5g\ . xª\u]/L, ¿;, a]lNhod,g]kfn, cd]l/sf, a]nfotnufot !$/fi6«df bnfO{ nfdfsf ljz]ifk|ltlglw 5g\ .

ltAatLx¿ cem} klg dgvf]n]/ af]Nb}gg\ jf af]Ng rfx“b}gg\ .kf;fª l5l/ª eG5g\— …xfdLnfO{g]kfnn] a:g lbPsf] 5 . g]kfn;/sf/sf] Ps rLg–gLlt 5, t/xfdL :jtGq ltAat rfxG5f}+ . oLb'O{ lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ s'/fn] xfdLnfO{cK7]/f]df kf5{ .Ú ToxL eP/ xf]nf,pgLx¿ of] ljifodf s]xL af]Ng'k/]Tof]eGbf klxn] oxf“sf k|d'v lhNnfclwsf/L;“u cg'dlt dfU5g\ .

e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] t'ngfdfltAatL z/0ffyL{sf] hLjgz}nL w]/}km/s 5 . cfly{s Pj+ ef}lts ¿kdfpgLx¿n] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{h:tf] lahf]uef]Ug'k/]sf] 5}g . pgLx¿sf] hLjgz}nL/ xfpefpdf klg lgs} cGt/ 5, t/of] ;a} s'g} ljb]zL ;xof]un] ePsf]xf]Og . …ltAatLx¿ cfp“bf cfkm" dfq}cfPgg\, cfkm";“u} ;Lk klg lnP/ cfP,Út]lGhª gfdUofn eG5g\— …To;}n]ltAatLx¿ z/0ffyL{ eP/ klg;'v;“u hLjg latfp“b}5g\ .Ú

oxf“sf ] x:tsnf ltAatLklxrfg g} ag]sf] 5 . pgLx¿SofDkd} a;]/ e]8fsf] pmgaf6un}+rf, emf]nf, sfk]{6 cflb ;fdfgagfp“5g\ . ltAatL sfk]{6 g]kfnb]lvef/t / o'/f]k;Dd nf]slk|o 5, o:tf]

sfddf j[4b]lv o'jf;Dd l;kfn'5g\ . vf;df g]kfndf un} +rfpBf]usf] k|f/De ltAatLx¿n] g}u/] . …ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿ g]kfnL;“udfq} 3'nldn u/]/ a;]gg\, g]kfndfun}+rf pBf]u klg x'g;S5 x} eg]/l;sfOlbP,Ú :gf ]NofG8 sfk] {6pBf]usf /fh]Gb| lji6 eG5g\—…h;af6 w]/} g]kfnLn] kmfObf lnP .Ú

ltAatL z/0ffyL{sf] oxL ;Lkn]ubf{ SofDk ;~rfngsf nfluj}b]lzs ;xof]usf] e/ kg'{kg] {cj:yf 5}g . k[YjLrf]s z/0ffyL{SofDksf sdf{sf cg';f/ klxn]j}b]lzs ;xof]u w]/} cfP klgclxn ] c fk m \ g } Joj;foaf6cfTdlge{/ ePsfn] To:tf] ;xof]u

d]/f] ;+;f/ eTsfP/

d'Uw d"lt{

ltAatL z/0ffyL{sf] kL8f

cfjZos kb}{g . …klxn] csf{sf];xof]udf e/ kg'{kYof{], clxn] cfkm}+kflnPsf 5f}+,Ú pgn] eg]— …xfdLn]agfPsf ;fdfg ljb]zdf lgof{tx'g yfn]kl5 Jofj;flos ;kmntfklg ldn]sf] 5 .Ú

dMdM, rfprfp / y'Skfh:tfw]/}sf] d'vdf em'lG8Psf] :jfb klxnf]k6s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ rvfpg]klg ltAatL g} x'g\ . kf]v/fdfw ]/ } ltAatLn ] ;kmn ko {6gJoj; fo Ls f ] k l xr fg;d ] tagfO;s]sf 5g\, t/ JolQmuthLjg ;'vL agfpg hlt g} ;kmntfkfP klg oL ltAatLsf] dg eg]cem} klg ;'vL / v';L 5}g .

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

kTy/sf ¿kdf hLljt} 5', g'g lsg af¥of}cem} klg ltd|f] ofbn] lhp“bf] nf; kf¥of}sd} kf]N5 cfuf]n], ltdLn] a9L kf]Nof}lgbf]{ifLnfO{ bf]ifL agfO{ em"7f] s'/f af]Nof}ljof]udf tfnL ahfO{ v';L eO{ gfRof}kL8f hlt dnfO{ 5f8L ltdL v'a} xf“:of}k/}af6 hfpm“ eGbf ;fy ltdLn] vf]Hof}d]/f] ;+;f/ eTsfP/ ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ /f]Hof} .

– s]zj kl/of/

labf dfUof};fd' cfP/ xf“;]/ labf dfUof}csf{] ;fOgf] uf“;]/ labf dfUof}kfp s;}sf] 5f]P/ lhPsf] lyP“To;}sf] v';L gf;]/ labf dfUof}ltdL lyof} / ;+;f/ lyof]t/ lxnf]df ef;]/ labf dfUof}h'g e08f/ dfofsf] u/]sf] lyP“To;sf] aLp g} df;]/ labf dfUof};D´G5' eGYof} 5ftLdf ;w}+ t/gf}nf] tl:a/ 6f“;]/ labf dfUof} .

–bz{g lbg]z

…cf]xf], slt /fd|L ltdL,Ú d]/f ;fyLefO jfcfkmGthgaf6 a]nf–a]nfdf d]/f nflu k|s6 x'g]pb\uf/ xf] of] . sltko a]nf P]gfcufl8 pleP/cfkm"nfO{ x]b}{ o:tf s'/f ;Dem“bf dGqd'Uw eP/306f}+ latfPsL klg x'“ . af6f]df lx“8\bf klgw]/}sf gh/ ddf 7f]lSsg] / s]xLn] kmsL{–kmsL{x]g]{ u/]sf] ef]u]sL g} x'“, t/ To; lbg eg]crDd} ef] . d cfkm}+df d:t–d'Uw eP/ cfkm\g};f}Gbo{kfg ub}{ dfOqmf]a;df st} hf“b} lyP“ .l5gl5gdf kNofs–k'n's s]xL hf]8L cf“vf d]/f]d'xf/df lrxfp“b} lyP, t/ Ps hf]8L gh/n] eg]ckns d]/f] ;f}Gbo{kfg ul//x]em}+ efg eof] .dnfO{ 6f]nfP/ x]g]{sf] dgl:ylt hf“Rg d klgp;dfly 58\s] gh/ k\mof“Sb} lyP“ .

dfOqmf]a; vfN8fv'N8Ldf xNnfp“b} j]lu“bfp;n] d'G6f] xNnfPsf] / d':sfg lbPsf] h:tf]klg nfUof] . dnfO{ eg] To;sf] ldhf; ;lxg;Sg'eof] / d'v} kmf]/]/ eg]+, …cf] ld:6/, x]g{ kfOof]eGb}df ;lxg;Sg' x'g] u/L Psf]xf]/f] x]g{ t ePglg . lKnh dfOG8 of]/;]Nkm .Új/k/af6 Jo+Uosf]xf“;f] u'~hfodfg eof], t/ dnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]g]{sf]d'xf/df eg] s'g} kl/jt{g cfPg . clg p;sf]5]j}df a:g] ;Hhgn] Ps ;]t} km'n]sf j[4nfO{b]vfp“b} o;f] eGbf kf] d em;+u eP“, …gfgL, h;n]tkfO{+nfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//x]5 Tof] snfIf]qsf dxfg\x:tL, pxf“sf] xftsf] snf xf] .Ú d nfhn] kfgL–kfgL eP“, lsgls dnfO{ x]g]{ dk|lt d'Uw ePsf]x}g, d cfkm}+ kf] d"lt{nfO{ lrGg g;s]/ cfkm"leq}d'Uw ePsL /x]5' .

–;'dg ;r]t

lht'’rfsf] hf]S;[email protected]

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kfpg] M

k7fpg] M

;Gb]z M

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;fKtflxs ;fyLsf nflu kmd{gfd M ====================================================================================

pd]/ M ========================================= prfO M ===================================

k];f M =================================== lzIff M ================================

:jefj M===================================== j}jflxs l:ylt M ======================

cle?lr M ====================================j0f{ M ===================================

Od]n M ==========================================================================================

7]ufgf M=========================================================================================

tkfO{+ s:tf] ;fyLsf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5 <

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gf]6 M tl:a/ / gub ?= %).– clgjfo{ 5 . cfkm"n] pNn]vug{ rfx]sf] yk ljj/0f 5'§} kfgfdf k7fpg ;lsg]5 .

k|lt ;Gb]z ?= @)÷— clgjfo{

;fKtflxs ;fyLhLjgsf] uf]/]6f]df

d]/f] k|]d

u'dfpg' klg dfoflk|otd, elgG5 dgsf] ax

s;}nfO{ gsx t/ cfh lsg xf]xfd|f] k|]dsf] zfZjttfnfO{ ;fj{hlgsug{ dg nfUof] . ltdLb]lv 6fl9Psf]dgnfO{ st{Jon] af“w]/ /fVg] k|oTgt u/]sf] x'“ t/ d'6' vf]n]/ ;DemgfJoQm ug{ s/} nfUof] .lbgx¿ t;bfem}“ Ps}gf;sf x'g\ t/ cfhdnfO{ laxfg}b]lv af8'nLsf] lxSsf5'6\of], 7Dofpg ;lsg“ ljifdtfdf5'6\of] jf ;hLj :d[ltx¿n]=== .

slxn]sfxL“ cfkmGtx¿sf] s'/fu/]sf] axfgfdf dfq v;v;fpg]3f“6Laf6 s;/L PsfPs lxSsf

k'ml6/x] < PskN6 dgdf cfPhlt;a}sf] gfd lng dg nfUof] tyflk/f]lsg] 5f“6 cfPg . s;f]s;f]axlsP/ dgx¿ ljutlt/ kms{+bfkf] lxSsf aGb ePsf] kQ} ePg5,…ltdL st} 6f9f hf“bf af8'nL nfu]dnfO{ g} ;Demg' .Ú tfh} /x]5 ltd|f]cGt/Xbosf] Tof] cfu|x=== t/ltdLnfO{ ;fy 5f8\bf of] k[YjL g}3'Dg 5f8\5 eGg] d]/f] 3d08 t

rsgfr'/ e};s]sf] xf] h'g lbg ltdLxfd|f] dfofsf] dgf]/d ;+;f/nfO{phf8 kf/]/ uPkl5 . km]l/ ca s]kfp“5f} /=== < ljof]usf] cf“;'n]lgefO;s]sf] bLknfO{ ;Dem]/ .

cfh Ps lxSsf af8'nLlxSsfd} plePg, hLjg aGof],hLjgsf] ;fljtL aGof]– af]wdf .slt /x:odo 5– ;dfgfGt/ rNg]kfOnfx¿ 5'l§P/ klg af “Rg;Sg'df . cem rfx]/ klg ;bfsfnflu aGb ePsf oL xftn] cfhcrfgs ltd|f] gfddf snd /u8\g' .

x f ] , df ]k m;nsf ] Pp6f;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdb]lv xfdLn]cleGg ofqf z'ef/De u¥of}“ . klxnf]gh/b]lv g} cfkm\gf] g;f–g;fn] d]/f]dgd'6'nfO{ lhlt/x\of}, lsglsg dr'k lyP“‘– ltdL;“u, ltd|f] cfbz{clg dxfgtf;“u . d]/f nflu ltdLclUgeGbf kljq dfofvGofO/xGYof}, ltd|f ] ;dk{0fdfljx\jn lyP“ d . ;f“Rr} xfd|f] ;DaGw

gª / df;' a/fa/ lyof], dgleqsfs'/fx¿ klg xfdL slt ;xh ¿kdfJoQm uYof}{+, dg gkbf{ ljb|f]x klgt uYof } { + . km ] l / ;Demf }t f ,cfTdLotflagfsf gf/L–k '?ifknf“;sf] km"n;/x x'G5g\ . ;DemG5'–ltdL v';L ePsf] a]nf s;/L d]/fcf]7 r'd]/ eGYof}– …ltdLnfO{la;{g'kbf{ ;fob ;f; km]g}{ e'Ng'k5{ .ÚxfdLdf slt ;+j]bgf lyof] t/ 3fonx'g'sf] cft{ kL8fn] eGg ;lSbg“ .s;f]s;f] ltdLn] PSsf;L d]/f nflu;do kfpg 5f8\of}, hLjg oxLckm;f]r aGof], d]/f] e"n oxL lyof]ls d ;DklQnfO{ eGbf dfofnfO{;'v dfGy]“ t/ dnfO{ slxNo} yfxflbOgf}– xfdL km/s x'g'sf] ;Totf,xfdL lsg 5'l§of}“ < sxf“af6 b"/Lknfof] xfdLdf < clg s;/L b'3{6gfeof] xfd|f] k|]dsf] <

au] gdL7f cf“;'x¿, r'“l8P/uP v';Lx¿ . b'Vof] Joyf, km'6\of]eSsfgf] . cf“wL rNof], ;kgf 6'6\of] .;fy 5'6\of], a;\ l/lQof] clgl;l4of] . efjgfdf aRof] s]jn Pp6}lgisif { …;fob dfofdf o:tf ]klg;hfo x'“bf]/x]5Ú cflv/ Ps n'ªkf]t] / Ps6Lsf l;Gb"/ g lyof]lax] t/ v} ltd|f] l;p“bf]df d]/f]xftaf6 5l/Pg, el/Pg . a; xfd|f]% jif{sf] k|]d;km/ lagf lg0f{o 6'+uf]nfUof], k"0f{lj/fd eof] . ;Demgfdfylst of] hLjgnfO{ ljutx¿ 3fpag]/ b'V5, kL8f kf]lvP/ v:5 cf“;' .b'Mv lhGbuLsf] oxL“ pKsG5 /oxL“g]/ 5l/G5 of] lj/x===. sltghftL, slt kL8fbfos=== . ltdLt klxNo}b]lv x“l;nL=== clxn] klgv';Ld} lx“8\5\of} /], d t b'Anf],kftnf], af“sL df;' klg ltd| };Demgf / lk/n] KjfSs–KjfSs n'5]/nUof], clxn] t xf8vf]/, cl:yk~h/dfq af “sL 5 . s:tf ]–s:tf ]dfofnfUbf] kf] ePsf] 5'=== t <v}/, hLjgdf kfpg' dfq xf]Og,u'dfpg' klg t dfof g} /x]5 .

– åLk

a'6jn– q]tfo'ub]lv g}k|l;l4 kfPsf] ¿kGb]xLsf];]dnf/l:yt g/]Zj/ dxfb]jg/}gfk'/wfd clxn] cf]em]ndfk/]sf] 5 . plrt k|rf/k|;f/gx'“bf pSt dlGb/ clxn]cf]em]ndf k/]sf] :yfgLoafl;Gbfx¿sf] u'gf;f] 5 . j/–kLkn/ a]nsf ¿vsf aLrdf lqsf]0fcfsf/sf] g/}gfk'/wfd g]kfns}gd'gf P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s Pj+k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf] tLy{:yn xf] .

dlGb/ kl/;/sf]lznfn]vcg';f/ q]tfo'udf /fd, ;Ltf/ nId0f jgjf;df /x]sf] a]nfpSt 7fp“df eujfg\ z+s/sf]lzjlnË :yfkgf u/]/ csf]{ lbgslknj:t'sf] nId0f 3f6tkm{nfu]sf lyP . eujfg\ /fdn]:yfkgf u/]sfn] /fdnfO{gf/fo0fsf] cjtf/ dfg]/ pSt7fp“ gf/fo0fk'/ x“'b} kl5 g/}gfk'/ePsf] xf] . /fd, ;Ltf / nId0faf; a:bf Gofgf]sf nflu /fte/d"9f afn]sf lyP . To; 7fp“dfkl5 clUg s'08 agfO{ @)!*;fnb]lv cgj/t d"9f afln“b} cfPsf]5 . h;af6 lgl:sPsf] v/fgL;'/lIft u/L sl/a ;f9] b'O{ ld6/cUnf] y'k|f] agfP/ lnkL k"hf ul/G5 .

klZrd t/fO{s} k|frLg dlGb/dflgg] g/}gfk'/wfddfdxflzj/fqLdf & lbg;Dd d]nf

k|To]s ;f]daf/ :yfgLoeQmhgx¿sf] eL8 nfU5 .

g]kfnL Kofuf]8fldl>tz}nLdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] pStdlGb/sf] lzjlnËdf k"hfcfhftyf hnfk{0f u/] ljleGg /f]u–Joflw, k|fs[lts -b}jL_ k|sf]kcflbaf6 aRg ;lsG5 eGg]hgljZjf; 5 . 5f]/f5f]/L gx'g]bDktLn] dlGb/df ;Togf/fo0fsf]

k"hf nufP ;Gtfg k|fKt x'g] /v8]/Ldf k"hf u/] jiff{t\ x'g]ljZjf;n] oxf“ 6f9f–6f9faf6 klgdflg;x¿ k"hf ug{ cfp“5g\ .lznfn]vcg';f/ w]/} ;doklxn]dlGb/sf] tn ;'g–rf“bL tyf k};f/x]sf] ljZjf;df vGg vf]HbfToxf“ Pp6f lzjln¨ e]l6Psf]lyof] . To;kl5 cgluGtL ;k{,laR5L tyf u“u6f lgl:sPkl5

vGg 5f]l8Psf] lyof] . hldgvGg] ;a}sf cf“vfsf] Hof]ltu'd]sf] lyof] . aof]j[4 lzjbuf]l/of eG5g\– k|frLg ;dodfv agufO{ ufp“sf] s'n'jf eGg]7fp“af6 Pp6f ufO{ b}lgs ¿kdfcfO{ Toxf“ b"w r'xfp“Yof] . Tof]b]]v]/ dflg;x¿n] s] /x]5 eg]/x]bf{ lzjln¨ b]]v]kl5 k"hfcfhfug{ yfn]sf x'g\ .

sl/a ! la3f !) s6\7fhUuf If]qkmn /x]sf] dlGb/sf] d"nefunfO{ lj= ;+= @))! ;fndf vagufO{ uflj;sf] uf]kfnk'/lgjf;L aGw' dxtf]n] k'gMlgdf{0fu/]sf x'g\ . dxtf]n] d]yL,d'8/fOnf] e]nL, df;sf] bfn, O“6f/ df6f]nfO{ l9sLdf s'6]/ ef/tsf]gf}tgxjfaf6 O“6f / r'g NofP/agfPsf lyP .

dlGb/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf;lrj r"8fdl0f kf}8]nn]k'/ftflŒjs ljefuaf6 cGj]if0fu/fO{ ;/sf/L tj/af6} wfdnfO{wfld{s :ynsf ¿kdf ljsf;ug'{kg]{ atfP . a'6jngu/kflnsfb]lv sl/a !@lsnf]ld6/ klZrddf /x]sf] pStdlGb/sf] plrt ;+/If0f, ;Da4{gtyf k|rf/–k|;f/ ug{ ;s] /fd|f]ko{6sLo wfld{s:yn aGg]:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] wf/0ff 5 .

–cd[tf cgdf]n

P;=s]=, b'Mv ltdLnfO{k¥of] eg] ;'v ltd|f] alglbG5' .d':sfg 5g]{ ltd|f] cf]7df d':sfgagL 5fOlbG5' . nfv–nfv af“rltdL cfo' d]/f] ylklbG5' . o'uo'uxf“; ltdL v';L ltd|f] alglbG5' .hLjgdf slxNo} xf/ gvfg' dltdLnfO{ x/kn ;fy lbg]5' .

z]k]{gLnfO;]G;sf nflu PsfGts'gfdf

kmd{ eg{ cfPsf, ef]lnkN6 klg ;“u}a;]/ lnlvt k/LIff lbPsf, k]ml/ kl5uf8L 6«fondf klg cfPsf /a]nfa]nfdf xfdL;“u af]Ng vf]h]h;f]ug]{ tLg hgf;“u ldqtfsf] xftcl3 a9fpg rfxG5f}+ . olb ;Dks{ug{ rfxG5f} eg] kmf]g u/ .

lhA;±aLlu/Lz, cfhef]ln stf x/fPsf] <

To;/L daf6 6f9f x'g gvf]h . ltdLn]dnfO{ lal;{P klg d ltdLnfO{ la;{g;lSbg“ . ltdL h:tf] ;fyL kfPsf]dfd w]/} v';L 5' . ltd|f] / d]/f] ldqtflhGbuLsf] clGtd df]8;Dd sfod/xf];\ . d a;, oxL rfxG5' . dltdLnfO{ w]/} dfof u5'{ t/ ;fyLsf¿kdf dfq, k|]dLsf ¿kdf xf]Og .ltdLn] klg dnfO{ w]/} dfof u5f}{,Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . hxf“ k|]d ToxL+wf]sf, d km]l/ klg wf]sf vfgrfxGg“ . k|]d ug'{ kfk xf]Og, wf]sflbg' 7"nf] kfk xf] . To;}n] ;f]r]/dfq k|]d ug'{k5{ . d afWo 5', daf6s]xL uNtL eP dfkm u/ . dnfO{a'em\g] k|of; u/ .

[email protected]

!&,(,!*,!),!,!$,!, d'6'sf]w8\sg, w/ftnsf] b"/L 6f9f ePklg cfTdLotfsf] b"/L 6f9f x'“b}glg, d ltdLnfO{ hLjgsf] cfwf/zLnf

sd af]Ng]a9L ;f ]Rg]: j e f j s Lz f l G t;'g'jf/ !%jif{sL l5g\ .sIff !) dfcWoog/t zflGt % lkm6 @ OGrcUnL l5g\ . ;dfh;]jfdf cle?lrePsL zflGt c;n :jefj ePsf];sf/fTds ljrf/ /fVg] o'jssf]vf ]hLdf l5g \ . zflGtnfO {;+v'jf;efsf] ;b/d'sfd lkmlbd,nvgdfu{df kqfrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

; f g }p d ] / b ] l vs [ l i f tyfJ o f k f / d fP s ; f y;+nUg ZofdofDkm" /fO{ %

lkm6 $ OGRf cUnf 5g\ . pgn]sIff !@ ;Dd cWoog u/]sf5g\ . @$ jifL{o Zofd e|d0fdf?lr /fV5g\ . ldng;f/ :jefjsfZofd c;n ;fyLsf] vf]hLdf5g\ . pgnfO{ Onfd lhNnfsf]k~rsGof uflj; j8f gDa/– !df kqfrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

;w}+ xl;nf]b ] lvg] gd|: j e f js fO { Z j /s7fot %lkm6 & OGrcUnf 5g\ .k |j L0 ftf k |df0 fkq txdfcWoog/t O{Zj/ uLt–;+uLt;'Gg dg k/fp“5g\ . uf]/f] j0f{sfcljjflxt O{Zj/ 3dG8 gug]{,cfkm"h:t} x“l;nf] Pj+ ldhfl;nf]:jefjsf] ;fyLsf] vf]hLdf 5g\ .pgnfO{ 88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf] zLif{uflj; j8f gDa/ % ds}ndfkqfrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

agfpg rfxG5', ltdL xft b]pm d;fy lbG5' . ltd|f tL cf“vfn] dnfO{dfq x]l/b]pm, d x/]s c;kmntfnfO{;kmntfdf kl/0ft ul/lbG5' clgx/]s o'4 lhTg]5' .

!$,(,!*,!,!)/If', d}n] ltdLnfO{ k7fPsf]

Od]n kfof}–kfPgf} yfxf ePg, ltdLn]l/KnfO{ klg ul/gf} . b;}+df 3/ hf“bflbPsf] d]n P8«];df d}n] Od]n k7fPsf]lyP“ . nfdf] ;dokl5 e]6\bf Psbd}v';L nfu]sf] lyof] . ltd|f] bfO;fydf ePsfn] klg v'n]/ af]Ng;lsg“, lKnh Ps k6s d]/f ]df]afOndf ;Dks{ u/ n == .

;'/h;fGgfgL, cfhef]ln t kmf]g

klg ulb{gf}, lsg xf] < ltdLn] sfdug]{ 8fG; af/sf] 7fp“df t clxn] cs}{clkm; a;]sf] /}Ú5, cl:t ufÚsf] lyP“ .ltdL clxn] sxf“ sfd ub}{5f} < ltdLdnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;a}eGbf glhssf] ;fyLeGYof}, t/ clxn] cQf]kQf] s]xL gePkl5dnfO{ crDd nfu]sf] 5 . Eofp“5f} eg]zlgaf/ b'O{ ah] z+vkfs{df cfpm x} .

njPn=, gu/sf]6df latfPsf tL

If0fnfO{ d}n] la;{g ;lsg“, To;}n]Psk6s ;Dks{ u/ x} === .

k|tLIff

cf]em]ndf k/]sf] g/}gfk'/ wfdnfU5 . h;df g]kfnafx]sef/tsf] gf}tgxjf, nvgp tyfuf]/vk'/af6 klg 7"nf] ;+VofdfeQmhgx¿ cfp“5g\ . sflQsk"l0f{dfdf tyf PsfbzLdf klgoxf“ 7"nf] d]nf nfU5 . d]nfdf/fdnLnf t/fO{sf] k|frLg ;f]/7L,do'/ gfr b]vfOG5 . o;afx]s

Page 17: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

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a'l4 7"nf] ls an < lsg <ca xfd|f] kfnf]

of] :tDedf xfdLn] /fv]sf k|Zgsf] #) zAbdf ga9fO{ pQ/k7fpg'kg]{5 . k|To]s pQ/sf ;fydf cfk\mgf] k"/f gfd, 7]ufgf /pd]/ n]Vg glal;{g'xf]nf . k|Zg gDa/ Ps ;w}+ cfufdL k|Zgsf¿kdf /xg]5 . Pp6f kfgfdf Pp6f pQ/ dfq :jLsf/ ul/g]5 .!= b]zelQm s] xf] <@= b]zaf6 lx+;f cGTo ug{ s] ug'{k5{ <#= s] :ju{–gs{ eGg] s'/f x'G5 < s:tf] x'G5 jf lsg x'“b}g <$= clxn]sL cfsif{s -;]S;L_ g]kfnL gflosf sf] x'g\ / lsg <%= k|]ddf wf]sf x'g] sf/0f s] xf] <^= tkfO{+nfO{ dg kg]{ v]nf8L sf] x'g\ < lsg <&= tkfO{+ dGqL x'g'eof] eg] s'g dGqfno /f]Hg'x'G5, lsg <*= k|]ddf lsg dg]{–dfg]{ s;d vfOG5 <(= o'jtLx¿ lsg l:nd aGg vf]H5g\ <!)= o'jsx¿ lsg o'jtL eg]kl5 dl/xQ] u5{g\ <

kfl/jfl/s :jf:Yo

8f= ;L= kL= ;]9fO{+

%) jifL{of sfG5L tfdfªsf!) 5f]/f–5f]/L 5g\ . Ps dlxgfcl3b]lv pgnfO{ 9f8 b'Vg] /f]un]Rofk]sf] 5 . la:tf/} pgL cflQg],56\kl6g], /flt glgbfpg], Ps 7fp“dfcl8g g:fSg] x'g yflng\ . pgn]cg]sf}+ pkrf/ s]Gb|df uO{ pkrf/u/fOg\ . pgsf] /ut hf“rsf ;fy}PS;/], l;6L :Sofg, OG8f]:sf]kL tyfcN6«f;fpG8 ul/of] t/ /f]u kQfnfu]g . pgL …gzf kf]Nof], gzfemdemd u¥of], dnfO{ SofG;/ eof]ÚegL ?g yf lng \ , clxn ]Go'/f];fOSofl6s ljefudf pkrf/u/fO/x]sL sfG5L tfdfªsf] ;d:of;dfwfgsf] af6f ]df 5, pgn]k'g{hLjg kfPsL l5g\ . sfG5Ltfdfªn] ef]u]sf] ;d:of klgPsk|sf/sf] l8k|];g xf] .

ljZj :jf:Yo ; +u7gn ]hLjgsfndf k'?ifnfO{ !% k|ltzttyf dlxnfnfO{ @% k|ltzt;Ddl8k|];g x'g] atfPsf] 5 . l8k|];gsfla/fdLnfO{ cfkm"nfO{ cs}{ /f]u nfu]h:tf] x'G5 . k6s–k6s /ut,PS;/] cflb hf“r ug]{ t/ /f]uge]l6g] of] /f]udf s]xL /f]uLn] kL8f;xg g;sL cfTdxTof u/]sf] klgkfOPsf] 5 . Ps} k6s w]/} c+udfnIf0f b]lvg] /f]u l8k|];g xf] .

l8k]|;g ljleGg sf/0fn] x'G5 M

–j+zfg'ut .–Neurotransmitter sf] u8a8Lh:t} Dopamine, Serotorin and

Norepirephrine.

–dl:tisdf s'g} tgfj eP .–afNofj:yfdf cfdfafa' 6f9f /xgfn] .–xfdf]{gsf] u8a8L, h:t}— yfO/fO8,Pl8«gn, u|f]y xdf]{gdf u8a8L eP .–zf/Ll/s /f]u h:t}— dw'd]x, d[uf}nfsf]/f]u cflb nfdf] ;do;Dd sfod /x] .–la/fdL x'g'cl3sf] JolQmTj .–tTsfnLg 36gfqmd h:t} dflg; dg'{,gf]S;fgL x'g] s'g} klg 36gf 36\g' .–c:j:Yo kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw .–nfu" kbfy{sf] ;]jg .–uef{j:yfdf ;+qmd0f, dl:tissf]j[l4 /f]s cflb .–;dfhaf6 6f9f /xgfn], a;fO“ ;gf{n] .l8k|];gsf la/fdLx¿ s:tf–s:tf;d:of lnP/ cfp“5g\ <–la/fdLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ 6fpsf] b'Vg]/f]usf] nIf0f atfp“5g\ .–sltko la/fdL cfkm"nfO{ SofG;/nfu]sf] z+sf u5{g\ .–sf]xL 3f“6Ldf s]xL c8\lsof] eg]/cflQG5g\ .–sf ]x L of }gc +usf ] ;d:ofn ]of}g;DaGwdf sdL cfPsf] atfp“5g\/ sf]xL jf/Daf/ k]6 kf]Ng], k]6dfcK7\of/f] dx;'; ePsf] atfp“5g\ .–sf]xL rflx“ d'6'sf] /f]u nfUof] eGb}d'6' /f]u ljz]if1sxf“ k'U5g\ .–sf]xL 9f8 b'Vg], hf]gL{df b'Vg]u'gf;f] u5{g\ .–sf]xL kfrgzlQmdf sdL cfPsf]

u'gf;f] u5{g\ .–sf]xL sfDg] / aSg] vfsf x'G5g\ .pgLx¿ af]S;L nfu]sf] ljZjf; u5{g\ .–sf]xL crfgs a]xf]; ePsf] atfp“5g\ .–l8k|];gsf la/fdL PSn} zfGt7fp“df a:g ?rfp“5g\ . /]l8of] ;'Gg],6]lnlehg x]g]{ rfv x“'b}g .–a9L lrGtf ul//xg] / cfk\mgf]hLjgb]lv g} x/]; vfPsf x'G5g\ .

>Ldfgn] nuftf/ /S;L lkp“bfklg >LdtLnfO{ l8k|];g \\\x'g;S5M

/S;L lkpg] dflg;n] crfgs/S;L 5f8\bf xft sfDg], d'6' 9's9'sx'g], cgf}7f j:t' b]Vbf cflQg]–8/fpg] cflb ;d:of b]vfk5{ . sf]xL;k{ b]V5g\, sf]xL af3 b]V5g\ /cflQG5g\ . sltko la/fdL sfgdfufnL u/]sf ] cfjfh cfpgfn]3/k5fl8 efU5g\ . /S;L lkpg]dflg;x¿ of}g lqmofdf ?lrgePsf] u'gf;f] u5{g\ . sltrflx+>LdtLdfly z+sf u5{g\, h'g3/fo;L emu8fsf] aLp aG5 . hadflg; laxfg klg /S;L lkpgyfN5 To;a]nf of] s8f ;d:ofdflgG5 . /S;L lkp“bf cr]t x'gfn]7"nf–7"nf clk|o 36gf klg 36\g;S5g\ . /S;L lkpg] dflg;nfO{sf]7fdf y'g]/ /fVg' x'“b}g . 8fS6/sf];Nnfx lnP/ dfq /S;L 5'6fpg'k5{ .Ps ltxfO /S;L lkpg] dflg;l8k|];g, cflQg] /f]u, lgGb|f gkg{];d:ofaf6 kLl8t x'G5g\ . /S;L5f]8]kl5 o:tf] ;d:ofsf] klg pkrf/u/] dfq k"0f{ ¿kdf /S;L lkpg5f8\5g\ . kl/jfl/s snxsf sf/0f

/S;L lkpg] k|foM JolQmsL >LdtLdfl8k]|;gsf] ;d:of kfOPsf] 5 .

l8k|];gsf la/fdLx¿n] kfngug'{kg]{ s'/f M–Pp6} s'/fdf ulx/f] ;f]r glng] .–dgsf] s'/f c¿nfO{ eGg], h;n]ubf{ dgdf cGtå{Gå sd x'G5 .–k'/fgf] s'/f h;n] tgfj lbG5To;df dl:tis glvofpg], h] 5 To;}df;Gt'i6 x'g] t/ d]xgt ug{ g5f8\g] .–dg b¥xf] kfg]{ .–nfu' kbf{y jf /S;L ;]jg gug]{ .–s'g} s'/f kfp“bf dflQg] / gkfp“bfcflQg] afgL 5f8\g] .–w]/} 6]lnlehg gx]g{], sljtf jf;flxTodf a9L ulx/]/ ghfg] .

dfgl;s :jf:Yodf c;/ M–b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg{] 36gfqmd g}dfgl;s /f]usf sf/0f aG5g\ .–klt jf kTgL lab]l;g' . o;/L lab]l;+bf:jb]zdf a:g]df of] /f]u b]lvG5 .–ljb]zdf uP/ sfd ug{]x¿df klgof] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .

–k|]d lj5f]8 x'“bf .–hflu/af6 lgsfln“bf .– k/LIffdf c;kmn x'“bf .– 3/fo;L emu8f jf kl/jf/sf;b:osf] d[To' x'“bf .–;fgf] 5“bf cfdfafa'af6 6f9f /x“bf .– /fhgLltkLl8t jf åGåsf] c;/n] .–nfu'kbfy{ ;]jg ugf{n] .

dflysf ;d:of l8k|];gsfd'Vo sf/0f eP klg j+zf0f'ut u'0ftyf dflg;sf] JolQmTjsf] klgdfgl;s :jf:Yodf 7"nf] e"ldsf/xG5 . Pp6} 36gfqmdn] s;}dfdfgl;s /f]u Nofp“5 t s;}dfNofpb“}g . sltko dflg; wfdL–emf“qmLsxf“ pkrf/ ug{ k'U5g\ h;n]ubf{ la/fdL c:ktfn cfp“bf hl6ncj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] x'G5 / lgsf]kfg{ sl7g x'G5 .

l8k|];gsf] pkrf/ ubf{ hfGg}kg]{ dgf]j}1flgs kIf M–w]/}h;f] /f]u ljleGg vfnsf tgfjn]ubf{ x'g] ePsfn] 3/kl/jf/df o:tf]jftfj/0fsf] cGTo ug'{k5{ .–h] 5 To;df ;Gt'i6 x'g ;Sg'k5{/ d]xgt ug{ 5f8\g' x'“b}g .–dgsf] s'/f c¿nfO{ eGg'k5{ .–of]u Pj+ Wofg ubf{ kmfObf x'G5 .– sfddf w]/} Jo:t x'g' x'“b}g, ;fy} s'g}sfd g} gu/L a:g' klg /fd|f] x'“b}g .–7"nf–7"nfnfO{ dfq x]g]{ xf]Og,cfkm"eGbf ;fgf cf]xbfsf dflg;nfO{klg x]g'{k5{ .– sfddf ;'vL / ;Gt'i6 aGg ;Sg'k5{ .

pkrf/ M–;DalGwt ljz]if1sxf“ ;Dk{s ug]{ .

–cf}ifwL, sfplG;lnª, ;fOsf]y]/fkLtyf of]uaf6 /f]u lgsf] kfl/G5 .–s]xL la/fdLnfO{ ljB'tLo pkrf/sf]klg cfjZostf k5{ .

sfplG;lnª tyf ;fOsf]y]/fkLl8k|];gsf sltko la/fdL

/f]usf ;DaGwdf cgle1tfsf sf/0fkL8fbfoL hLjg latfO/x ]sfx'G5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf la/fdLnfO{dg b/f] kfg]{ tyf p;df tgfj;xg ;Sg] Ifdtf a9fpg] sfdug'{k5{ . dflg;sf] hLjgdf ;'v–b'Mv b'j} cfOk5{g\, ;'v x'“bf dflQg]/ b ' Mv kbf { cflQg ] afgLn ]dgf]j}1flgs ;d:of Nofp“5 . dgdfk/]sf] kL8f csf{nfO{ eGbf rf]6 sdx'G5 / dg xNsf x'G5 . 7"N7"nf;d:of dgdf /fVbf cfkm}nfO{ v/fau5{ . s'g} sfddf c;kmn x'bf ;w}+ToxL s'/f dgdf ln“bf cfkm\g} k|ult/f]lsG5, dfgl;s /f]uL algG5 .To;}n] h'g s'/f e};Sof] To;nfO{;Dem]/ ;do aaf{b gu/L ca s]ug{] eGg] s'/fdf Wofg lbP/ cl3a9\g'k5{ . sltko dflg; tgfj36fpg /S;L ;]jg u5{g\ h;n]ubf{ pm cfkm}+ sdhf]/ aG5 / /f]un]u|l;t x'G5 . hlxn] klg cfzfjfbLx'g'k5{ . csf{n] eg]sf] ts{ klgWofg lbP/ ;'Gg'k5{ . x/]s sfddfof]hgf agfpg'k5{ . b}lgs zf/Ll/sJofofd Pj+ ;Gt'lnt ef]hg ug'{cfjZos 5 .

-8f= ;]8fO{+ e/tk'/ d]l8snsn]hdf sfo{/t g;f tyf dfgl;s

/f]u ljz]if1 x'g\_

cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“df b'j} 7"nf],t/ a'l4eGbf anrflx+ kSs} 7"nf]xf]Og . o;sf] cy{ an rflx+b}geGg] klg xf]Og . ls s;f] <

[email protected]

an g} 7"nf] . clxn] cfGbf]ngug{ an, tf]8kmf]8–aGb cflb ug{an, h] ug{ lg an g} rflxG5 .

[email protected]

/fi6«sf] pGglt–k|ultsf nflua'l4, ljj]ssf] cfjZostf k5{ t/s] ug'{ oxf“ andf ljZjf; ug]{x¿cfkm" 7"nf] ePsf] e|ddf 5g\ . h;n]ubf{ g]kfnLx¿ c“Wof/f]tkm{ ws]ln+b} 5g\ .

n]vgfy cf]emf -@@_, dxf]Q/Lan 7"nf], lsg < lsg eGg'–

Toqf] a'l4hLjL eP/ g]kfnsf] zf;grNg ;s]sf] 5}g a? an x'g]x¿n] h;/Lklg g]kfndf x}sd rnfPsf 5g\ xf]Og / <

jL/]Gb|s'df/ rf}w/L, jL/uGhxfnsf] kl/l:yltdf an g}

7"nf] lsgeg] ;f]emf, lgwf{sf] t s'g}dtnj} 5}g vfnL anjfg\, zlQmzfnLtyf kfj/s} rNtL 5 .

ljgf]b vltj8f, Og?jf–(b'j} 7"nf x}gg\ < an klg

cfjZos x'G5 clg a'l4 klg .k|jL0f -@)_, s/fbL

an 7"nf] e}lbPsf] eP t /fhfsf]o:tf] xl/lahf]u x'GYof] xf]nf / <

xl/Gb|k|;fb sfsL{ -@$_, wgs'6fa'l4, lsgeg] a'l4 ePg eg]

an k|of]u ug]{ :yfg g} kfO“b}g .g'R5]nfn dfemL, /fd]5fk

a'l4 / an b'j} eP t pTs[i6g} x'GYof] t/ klg a'l4n] annfO{bf; agfPsfn] a'l4 g} 7"nf] .

lbg]z Gof}kfg] -@!_cjZo klg a'l4 7"nf] x'G5 lsgeg]

an b]lvG5 t/ a'l4 b]lv+b}g .zlzsfGt u'Ktf, -!(_, jL/uGhs]sf nflu < klxn] :ki6

kfg'{xf];\ clg hjfkm lbp“nf .d'lQm clwsf/L, s/fbL

a'l4 / an Ps /ysf b'O{ kfª\u|fh:t} x'g\ . lsgeg] a'l4 / anlagf of]k[YjLdf af“Rg ufx|f] 5 .

k|]dsfG5f du/, tfg;]gu|fOG8 l8hfOg, e|i6frf/,

x}sdjfb, k|]dh:tf s'/f a'l4n] ug{;lsG5 t;y{ a'l4 g} 7"nf] xf] .

o'j/fh Gof}kfg] -@!_, anfdk|wfgdGqL lul/hfafa' a'l4sf

kIfkftL x'g\ eg] qmflGtsf/L sd/]8

k|r08 aGb'ssf] andf l6Sg rfxg]zlQmsf k|ltlglw † kf7sn] dfqlsg a'l4 / andf Ps 5fGg}kg]{ <g]kfnLn] ul/vfg b'j}nfO{ ;dfg¿kdf dfGg'k/]sf] 5 .

lrGtg ahufO{+a ' l4 g } 7 "nf ] lsgls

a'l4lagfsf] an t cfkm}nfO{ clezfkjf jf;gflagfsf] km"n x'G5 .

d'lQm/fd /]UdL

sfd–1fg;DaGwL s]xL hfgsf/Ls'g} klg ;d'lrt kmn /

kmfObf lng To;sf] cf}lrTo /dxŒjsf] 1fg cfjZos 5 . To;/Lg} ljjflxt hLjgnfO{ ;'vL /;Gtf]ifk|b agfpg sfdzf:qsf] 1fglgtfGt cfjZos x'G5 . h;sf] ;xLpkof]u u/L sfd;'v k|fKt u/]/hLjg cfgGbdo / /;o'Qm agfpg;lsG5 . afx\o tj/af6 x]bf{ s]xLgb]lvP klg ulxl/P/ ljrf/ ug]{xf] eg] s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] ;xjf;df;Gt'i6 /xg] bDktLx¿ u[x:yLsf]uf8LnfO{ xf“;Lv';L rnfp“5g\, halsct[Kt / of}g s'l07t bDktLx¿

;DkGg eP klg sxn / s'07fn] el/Psf]lg/; hLjg latfpg afWo x'G5g\ .

– ;Def]u lbgx'“ gu/]/ s]xL;dosf] cGt/fndf ug'{ plrtx'G5 . o;f] ugf{n] ljz]if ;'v k|fKtx'G5 / dfgl;s zflGt klg k|fKtx'G5 .

– slt cGt/fndf d}y'g/tx'g' plrt x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf cfkm\gf]pd]/, cj:yf / cg's"ntfsfcfwf/df lgZro ug'{k5{ . ;DejeP;Dd ;+oldt, lgodk"0f { /dof{lbt ;Dks{af6} r/d ;'vk|fKt ug'{k5{ .

– ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/o'jfj:yfdf #–$ lbgdf Psk6s/ $) jif{ s6]kl5 & lbgdf Psk6styf %) jif{kl5 Ps dlxgfdf @–#k6s ;Def]u ug'{ kof{Kt x'G5 .

– l56f ]–l56f ] tyf Ps};dodf w]/} k6s ;xjf; ugf{n]xflgsf/s k|efj k5{ . sd;]sdb'O{ ;+;u{aLr @$ 306f km/s x'g}k5{

t/ gjbDktL jf s'g} ljz]if dw'/cj;/df jf nfdf] ;dokl5sf];+of]udf clt d}y'gsf] l:yltcfp“5 eg] s]xL lbg;Dd o:tf]; +;u{nfO { :jfefljs dflgG5h;af6 lrlGtt aGg'kb}{g .

– w]/}hgf;“u ;+;u{ ug]{ :qL–k'?ifx¿ /f]usf] l;sf/ x'G5g\,pgLx¿sf] c+u lzlyn x'G5 .o:tfn] l5§} d}y'gdf ?lr u'dfp“5g\ .t;y{ ;'vL Pj+ ;kmn of}ghLjglatfpg cfkm\gf efjgfx¿df c+s'znufpg' cfjZos 5 .

– of}g;Dks{ ug'{cl3 :qL–

k'?if b'j}n] d"q Tofu ug'{k5{ .– >d / ysfgsf] af]]em lnP/

;Def]u ug'{x'“b}g .– ef]s–Kof;u|:t k'?ifn]

;Def]u ug'{x'“b}g . of] :jf:Yosfb[li6n] klg /fd|f] x'“b}g . To;}u/Le/k]6 ef]hg -cltef]hg_ u/]/ klg;Def]u ug'{x'“b}g . /f]uL k'?ifn] klgd}y'g lqmofaf6 6f9} a:g' a]; x'G5 .

– Hofb} u/d jftfj/0fdf klg;Def]u ug'{ plrt dflg“b}g .

– ;Def]ukl5 sd;]sd cfwf306f;Dd kfgL lkpg'x'“b}g . t'?GtkfgL lkpgfn] ?3f nfUg] cyjf:gfo' b'a{n x'g] cfz+sf x'G5 .

– ue {jtL :qL; “u;fjwfgLk"j{s ;Def]u ug'{k5{ .cGoyf ue{ t'lxg] 8/ x'G5 . To:t}b"w Vjfpg'kg]{ :qL;“u clws ;Def]uugf{n] b"w gi6 x'g] 8/ x'G5 .

– w]/}h;f] dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿jLo{kft x'g]lalQs} cnu x6\5g\,o;af6 xflgsf/s, c?lrs/, b'j}nfO{

ct[lKt Pj+ dgd'6fj;d]t pTkGg x'G5 .ctM jLo{kft e};s]kl5 klg s]xL;do;Dd To;} cj:yfdfal;/xg'k5{ . o;n] b'j}nfO{ t'li6lbG5 . d}y'gdf ePsf xflgsf s]xLc+z k"lt{ x'G5g\, o;af6 /fuefj,;dk{0f Pj+ :g]x a9\5 .

– k|r08 sfdj]u ePsL:qLnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg{ g;Sg] k'?ifn]d}y'g ug{'cl3 cfkm\gf xftsf b'O{cf}+nfx¿n] of]gLdb{g ug'{k5{ / haof]gL;|fj -of]gL/;_ ;'? x'G5To;kl5 d}y'g ug'{k5{ . To;f] ugf{n]:qL ;Gt'i6 / t[Kt x'g ;lS5g\ .

– ;Def]ukZrft\ u'Ktfª\ux¿w'g' plrt x'G5 .

– /Tgaxfb'/ a:g]t

k|r08 sfdj]u ePsL :qLnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg{ g;Sg] k'?ifn] d}y'gug{'cl3 cfkm\gf xftsf b'O{ cf} +nfx¿n] of]gLdb{g ug' {k5{ / haof]gL;|fj -of]gL/;_ ;'? x'G5 To;kl5 d}y'g ug' {k5{ . To;f]ugf{n] :qL ;Gt'i6 / t[Kt x'g ;lS5g\ .

;'vL Pj+ ;kmn of}ghLjg latfpg cfkm\gf efjgfx¿df c+s'znufpg' cfjZos 5 .

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d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 @)

tn lbOPsf] lrqdf slt ;fdfgx¿ n's]sf 5g\ <

n's]sf ;fdfgx¿ Msk, lunf;, s]/f, :ofp, rSs' / rDrf .

;fKtflxs /+u e/ k|ltof]lutf – $

dfly lbOPsf] lrq nf6f]sf];]/f]sf] xf] . o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf hfOG6cf]n elgG5 . g]kfndf klg kfOg] of] r/f ;+/lIFt r/fx¿dWo] Psxf] . lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx¿n] wgsL b]jLsf ¿kdf k"hf ug]{ nIdLsf]jfxg klg nf6f]sf];]/f]nfO{ g} dflgPsf] 5 . nf6f]sf];]/f]sf cg]sf}+k|hflt 5g\ . nf6f]sf];]/f]nfO{ o;sf] pkl:yltsf cfwf/df z'e /cz'e;d]t dfGg] ;+:sf/ xfd|F] ;dfhdf 5 .

lgodx¿ M!= of] k|ltof]lutfdf sIff % b]lv !) ;Ddsf efO–alxgLx¿n] efulng ;Sg]5g\ .@= k'/:s[t lrq ;fKtflxsdf k|ltof]uLsf] tl:a/;lxt k|sflzt x'g]5 .#= k|ltof]uLn] cfkm\gf] gfd, ljBfnosf] gfd, sIff, pd]/;lxt /+uLgtl:a/ klg k7fpg'kg]{5 .$= k'/:s[t lrqnfO{ ?= @ ;o ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .%= s'g} klg ljjfbdf ;Dkfbssf] lg0f{o clGtd dflgg]5 .

k|ltof]uLsf] gfd M

sIff M

ljBfnosf] gfd M

;d|f6 /l~ht@)^@ d+l;/ *

ljdz{ ;fx@)%^ d+l;/ !#

O;fg ld>@)^! d+l;/ *

;'lk|d yfkf@)%# d+l;/ !!

?kg nf]Krg@)%( d+l;/ *

dgLif bfxfn@)%^ d+l;/ !)

;?g dxh{g@)%% d+l;/ &

P~h]lnsf yfkf@)%( d+l;/ !@

hGdlbgsf] z'esfdgf

;fKtflxs /+u e/ k|ltof]lutf – !$

lgodx¿ M!= of] k|ltof]lutfdf sIff % b]lv !) ;Ddsf efO–alxgLx¿n] efulng ;Sg]5g\ .@= k'/:s[t lrq ;fKtflxsdf k|ltof]uLsf] tl:a/;lxt k|sflzt x'g]5 .#= k|ltof]uLn] cfkm\gf] gfd, ljBfnosf] gfd, sIff, pd]/;lxt /+uLgtl:a/ klg k7fpg'kg]{5 .$= k'/:s[t lrqnfO{ ?= @ ;o ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .%= s'g} klg ljjfbdf ;Dkfbssf] lg0f{o clGtd dflgg]5 .

k|ltof]uLsf] gfd M

sIff M

ljBfnosf] gfd M

hGdlbgsf] z'esfdgf

ofqfdf lgb|f 3fts;jf/L ;fwgdf nfdf ]

;do;Dd lgbfpgfn] :jf:Yodfgsf/fTds c;/ kg{ ;S5 . o;;DaGwdf ; +o 'Qm /fHocd]l/sfsf j}1flgsx¿n] gof“tYo kQf nufPsf 5g\ . ofqfdflgbfP z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efudfg;f;DaGwL ;d:of b]lvg;S5 . cd]l/sfsf] x:6gl:ytd]yf]l8:6 l8a]sL Xbo s]Gb|sf:gfo' zNolrlsT;s cnfgn'D;8]gsf cg';f/ ofqfcjlwdfzf/Ll/s cEof; cfjZos 5 .nfdf] ofqf ljdfg jf sf/ h'g;'s};jf/L;fwgaf6 u/] klg o;n]z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efudf uxg:gfo' ;d:of 8LeL6L Nofpg;S5 . ;jf/L cjlwe/ /uthDg] x'gfn] dflg;sf] dl:tis,

kmf]S;f], Xbo tyf cGo c+udfhf ] lvd pTkGg x'G5 . of ];d:ofaf6 5fnf /ftf] x'g],;'lGgg] jf v'§f a9L tfTg];Defjgf /xG5 . ;d'b|kf/ jfcGt/f{li6«o ofqf ubf{ k|To]s b'O{3G6fdf a;]sf] :yfgaf6 p7]/otfptf lx“8g ldNg] jftfj/0fldnfpg'k5{ / Psk6sdf rf/3G6feGbf a9L ;'Tg' 3fts x'g;S5 .

tl:a/ / ljj/0f b'O{ ;ftfcufl8 cfOk'Ug'kg]{5.

s' k

s' k

s' k

s' k

s' k

gggg g gfd M==================================================hGd ldlt M==================================================:s'n M========================================7]ufgf M ========================================

tl:a/

clgjfo{

hGdlbgsf] z'esfdgf

tl:a/ / ljj/0f b'O{ ;ftfcufl8 cfOk'Ug'kg]{5.

tl:a/

clgjfo{

k|l0ft >]i7@)%* d+l;/ &

¿zf dxh{g@)%( d+l;/ &

sf]lzsf s];L@)%^ d+l;/ (

ca eRo'{cn sDKofS8 l8:s d'6'/f]uLnfO{ ;k{sf] ljifsDKofS6 l8:s -l;8L_

lel8of ] sDKofS6 l8:s-eLl;8L_, l8lh6n lel8of]l8:s -l8le8L_ kl5 caer'{cn l;8L cyf{t\ s[lqd l;8L;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5, cflv/ s]xf] of] er'{cn l;8L < er'{cnl;8Ln ] l;8L , eL l;8L /l8le8LnfO{ ;fgf] cfsf/df 9fnLsDKo'6/df /fVg ;xof]u u5{ .

o;df lkmlhsn 8«fOe em“}sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . er'{cnl;8Lsf] k|of]u ubf{ OG;6{ /Oh]S6 sf] ;xf/f glnO{ ;xh?kdf tTsfn } l;8L tyfl8le8Ldf kx'“r /fVg ;lsG5 .er'{cn l;8Lsf] d2tn] Ps–csf{df /x]sf 8f6f pkef]u ug{;lsG5 . l;8L ty fl8le8Laf6 ;]jf k|bfg ug] {g]6js{x¿sf nflu er' {cnl;8 Ln ] ;d:o fs f ] ;x L;dfwfg ug{ d2t k'¥ofp“5 .dxŒjk"0f{ ;fdu|L l;8Ldf /fVg]k |rngn] kl5Nnf ] ;dodfJofkstf kfPsf] 5 . er'{cnl;8Ln] o:tf dxŒjk"0f{ ;fdu|Ln]el/k"0f{ l;8L x/fpg], sf]l/g]emGem6af6 klg d'lQm lbg]5 .

;e{/sf] xf8{ 8«fOedf skLul/Psf] k|To]s js{:6];gdf @#km/s er'{cn l;8L Ps;fyk|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . er'{cnl;8Ldf l;8L 8«fOeljgf l;8Ltyf l8le8L rnfpg, c6f]d]l6sskL, kf;j8{åf/f er'{cn l;8L; '/ lI ft ug { , cfO {P;cf ]km/Dof6df l;8L tyf l8le8Lag{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;g\ !((*b]lv er'{cn l;8Lsf] k|of]u x'“b}cfP klg o;n] Voflt eg]sdfpg ;s]sf] lyPg, t/lxhf ]cfh o;sf ] k |of ]un ]Jofkstf kfpg yfn]sf] 5 .

ljz]if u/L PseGbf a9LsDKo'6/ k|of]u ul/g] 7fp“df tyfg]6js{ ul/Psf :yfgdf o;af6a9L kmfObf lng ;lsG5 .er'{cn l;8L rnfpg Go"gtd¿kdf sDKo'6/df le:6f, PS:kLtyf ljG8f]h @))) h:tfsDKo '6/ ;~rfng–k |0ffnL-cf ]P;_ dWo ] s'g } Pssf ]cfjZostf k5 { eg ] !luufxh{eGbf b|'t ultsf] k|f];];/dfOqmf];km\6 OG6/g]6 PS;Knf]//& jf To;eGbf gof“ ;+:s/0fsf]cfjZostf k5{ .

la|l6; cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n]ljleGg k|sf/sf ;k{sf] ljif k|of]uu/]/ Xbof3ft / :6«f]sh:tfd'6'sf /f]uLx¿nfO{ nfe k'Ug]cf}ifwL k/LIf0f ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .la|6]gsf tLg d'Vo o'lgel;{6LcS;kmf ]8 { , ald {ª \3d tyflne/k'nsf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ of]sfo{df nfluk/]sf 5g\ . o;sfnflu la|l6; xf6{ kmfpG8];gn]ah]6sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] ljut@% jif{b]lv ;+;f/sf ljleGgefuaf6 ;k{sf] ljif ;+u|x /ljZn]z0f u/L Xbof3ft /:6«f]ssf /f]uLx¿df k|of]u ub}{cfPsf 5g \ . af ];f ]o 'Qmkbfy{x¿sf sf/0f wdgLdf /uthD5 / /Qm;~rf/ x'g kfp“b}g .o;f] x'“bf d'6' / dl:tisdf /uthfg kfp“b}g clg Xbof3fttyf :6«f]s x'G5 . ;k{sf] ljifdfof] k|lqmofnfO{ sd ug{ ;xof]uk'¥ofpg] /;fogx¿ kfOG5g\ .

;k{sf] ljifdf d'VotM @k|sf/sf /;fog kfOG5g\–Go"/f ]6flS;g / x]df]6flS;g .Go"/f]6flS;gn] s]Gb|Lo :gfo'k|0ffnLdf tyf x]df]6flS;gn]s]Gb|Lo /Qm;~ rf/ k|0ffnLdfcfqmd0 f u5 {g \ . u f ]dg,s/ ]th:tf ;k{sf ] ljifdfx]df]6flS;g kfOG5 . s'g}–s'g} ;k{dfb'j} k|sf/sf ljif kfOG5 .

eJo 6]ln:sf]k lgdf{0f of]hgfcd]l/sL cGtl/If j}1flgsx¿n] clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf 7"nf]

6]ln:sf]k lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ . pQm 6]ln:sf]ksf]Jof; #) ld6/ x'g]5 . xfn cd]l/sfs} xjfO{df /x]sf] ;a}eGbf7"nf] 6]ln:sf]keGbf nueu !) u'0ff 7"nf] x'g]5 . of] 6]ln:sf]klgdf{0fsf nflu ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ uf8{g PG8 a]§L df]/kmfpG8];gn] ! s/f]8 &% nfv 8n/ pknAw u/fpg]5 . ;g\@)!@ ;Dd pQm 6]ln:sf]ksf] lgdf0f{ k"/f x'g]5 . o; k|sf/sf]6]l:sf]ksf] lgdf{0fkl5 6f9fsf tf/f, tf/fd08n tyf xfd|f];f}o{d08neGbf aflx/sf u|xx¿;d]t :ki6 ¿kdf b]Vg ;lsg]5 .of] 6]ln:sf]kn] xan :k]; 6]ln:sf]kn] eGbf !@ u'0ff :ki6 cfs[ltb]vfpg ;Sg]5 eg] xjfO{df /x]sf] 6]ln:sf]kn] eGbf ( u'0ff a9Lk|sfz s]lGb|t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

dfly lbOPsf] lrqdf tLg hgf ;fyLx¿ cf–cfkm\gf] kmf]gdf Jo:t 5g\ .s'/fsfgLsf qmddf pgLx¿sf] kmf]g clNemof] . ca s;sf] kmf]g s'g xf] < kQfnufpg] lhDdf tkfO{+x¿s} .

kQf nufpg ;xof]u u/f}+

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d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 @!

;fKtflxs /+u e/ k|ltof]lutf – !)

k|]dljjfx ub}{ x'g'x'G5 < bfDkTo hLjgdf s'zn u[x k|aGwgljjfxsf] rrf{ rNg yfn]kl5

ljjfx x'g'cl3 g} o'unhf]8Lx¿cfkm\gf] x'g]jfnf hLjg;fyLsfaf/]df dL7f sNkgf ug{ yfN5g\ .pgLx¿ lhpg'kg]{ cfk\mgf] gof“hLjgsf cfwf/lznfx¿nfO{ bl/nf]kfg{ ljleGg k|sf/sf of ]hgfagfpg yfN5g\ . sf]xL k|]d u/] klgljjfx ug]{ a]nfdf cfdfafa' Pj+3/kl/jf/sf] ;Nnfx, ;xdltdf/fd|};“u ljjfx u5{g\ eg] sf]xLcfdfafa', cleefjs tyf ;dflhs8/sf sf/0f 3/af6 efu]/ ljjfxug{ k'U5g\ . k|]d ljjfx ug]{x¿nfO{dfuL ljjfxsf] h:tf] s]6fs]6Ln]Ps–csf{nfO{ lrGg gkfPsf] l:yltklg x'“b}g . To:t} k|]dljjfx ubf{clwsf+ztM dfuLljjfxsf] h:tf]ljleGg vfnsf] of]hgf / sNkgfsf]cfjZostf x'“b}g, lsgeg] pgLx¿klxn ]b ] lv g } Ps–csf {nfO {lrlghflg/x ]sf, Ps–csf {sfafgLa]xf]/f tyf rfxgfx¿sf af/]dfyfxf kfO/x/]sf x'G5g\ .

k| ]d ljjfxdf o;/L Ps–csf{nfO{ lrlghflg/x]sf] eP klgcfkm"v';L ljjfx ubf{ cg]sg;d:of;“u h'Wg'kg]{ x'g;S5 . hftPj+ wd{–;+:s[lt;DaGwL cGt/,cfly{s, kfl/jfl/s c;dfgtf,;dflhs lje]b, /xg;xg, vfgkfgtyf eflifs cGt/, a]/f]huf/L cflbsf/0fn] k|]dljjfx ug]{x¿n] y'k}|;d:of a]xf]g'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . olbk | ]d L–k | ]d Lsf cf ly {s ¿kdfcfTdlge {/ / 3/kl/jf/sf ]lgoGq0faf6 :jtGq 5}gg\ eg] efu]/cfkm"v';L ljjfx gu/] klg x'G5—lqljdf ;dfhzf:q cWoog ug]{¿k/]vf dxh{g elG5g\ .

dxh{gsf cg';f/ cfhsf]cfw'lgs ;doqmd;“u} k|]dljjfx ug]{rng a9\g yfn]sf] eP klg s'v'/]a}+;df ul/Psf] ckl/kSs k|]dljjfxsfsf/0f cfk;L ;DaGwdfly t'iff/fkftePsf] tyf cfTdLo k|]d 3[0ffdf

kl/0ft ePsf y'k|} pbfx/0f b]VgkfOG5g\ . o;/L sltko dxŒjk"0f{{s'/fdf ljrf/ gk'¥ofO{ xtf/dfk|]dljjfx ubf{ y'k|} k|]dljjfx c;kmnePsf] pgsf] ts{ 5 .

a}+;fn' pd]/df o'jfo'jtLx¿Ps–csf{k|lt :jfefljs ¿kdfcfslif{t x'G5g\ . o;/L zf/Ll/sPj+ a}+;fn' pd]/sf] cfsif{0fsf sf/0fo'unhf]8L cfdfafa' / 3/kl/jf/;“uljb|f]x u/L dlGb/ jf sf]6{df uP/cfkm"v';L k|]d ljjfx ug{ k'U5g\ .sltko o'unhf]8L 3/kl/jf/ tyf;dfhsf] 8/sf sf/0f ufp“3/ g} 5f]8]/efU5g\ / ;a}af6 6f9f uP/ ljjfxu5{g\, t/ ckl/kSj Pj+ cfTdlge{/x'g g;s]sf sf/0f s]xL ;dokl5 g}b'j}sf] cfTdLo k|]d clg a}+;sf] cfj]udfcfP/ ul/Psf] j}jflxs ;DaGwdf b/f/pTkGg x'g yfN5 .

cfk;L k|]d Toltv]/ Ps–

csf{sf] lt/:sf/df ablng yfN5/ Ps–csf{lagf af“Rg g;Sg] jfrfu/]sf k|]dLk|]dLsfaLr lj5f]8 x'g]lbg cfOk'U5 . hLjgsf] j:t'l:yltPj= w/ftnLo oyfy{ a'e\mg]lalQs}b'j} Ps–csf{af6 5'l§g k'U5g\ /cf–cfkm\gf] af6f]lt/ nfU5g\ .lxhf]cfh o'un hf]8Lx¿nfO{ ;“u}k|fKt u/]sf] lzIff, ;'b[9 cfly{sx}l;ot tyf cg'xf/ / z/L/sf]cfsif{0fn] Ps–csf{k|lt tfg] klgtdfd ef}lts ;'vsf afah'bk|]dljjfx ug]{x¿ clg v';L;“u /xg;s]sf x'“b}gg\ . sltko k|]dL–k|]ldsfcfkm\gf ¿l9jfbL cfdfafa', ;dfhtyf k/Dk/fsf sf/0f klgk|]dljjfxdf c;kmn x'G5g\ eg] hfteft,bfOhf], a]/f]huf/L, sdhf]/ cfly{s tyfzf/Ll/s cj:yfsf sf/0f klg k|]dljjfxc;kmn x'g;S5 .

ev {/ } Sof l/o/ cyjf

hLjgsf :jl0f{d If0fx¿ ;'? u/]/hLjgdf s]xL ug]{ nIo af]s]sf]tyf cfkm"nfO{ Ps If]qdf :yflktug] { a ]nfdf a} +; / zf/Ll/scfsif{0fsf] cfj]udf cfP/ ul/Psf]ljjfxsf sf/0f kfl/jfl/s lhDd]bf/La9\b} uPkl5 / s]xL ug{ g;s]kl5:jfefljs ¿kdf Ps–csf{sf aLrlvrftfgL ;'? x'G5 / cGttMk|]dljjfx c;kmn x'g k'U5 .

sltko o'jfo'jtLsf] egfOs] 5 eg] Sofl/o/ lgdf{0f ug]{ jfcj;/ k|fKt ug]{ rfxgf jf k|of;dfw]/} ;do / pd]/ v]/ u};s]kl5cfkm"nfO{ rflxPsf] h:tf] ;'Gb/ Pj+cfsif{s hLjg;fyL kfpg sl7gx'G5 . To;}n] ljjfx gu/] klgljjfxsf nflu hLjg;fyL toul/xfNg' >]o:s/ x'G5 . lsgeg]kl5 Ps jf b'O{ jif{ latfP/ ljjfxu/] klg ;“u} lzIff, /f]huf/L tyfcfly{s x}l;ot a9\b} uPkl5 jfpd]/n] kl/kSj x'“b} uPkl5 ul/Psf]k|]dljjfx ;'ema'emsf sf/0f klg;kmn x'G5 .

olt a]nf pd]/sf sf/0fkl/kSj / cfly{s x}l;ot ;'b[9tyf kfl/jfl/s ;dembf/L–;dGjoa9\b} uPkl5 k| ]dljjfx u/]sf]JolQmn] rf}tkmL{ ;kmntf xfl;nu5 { . cem cfdfafa ' jfcleefjssf] ;Nnfx, ;'emfj /;xdltdf ul/Psf] k|]dljjfx ;'vL,;kmn tyf cfgGbbfos x'G5 . To;}n]k | ]dljjfxdf lzIff, /f ]huf/L,cfTdlge{/tf, kfl/jfl/s :jtGqtf,cfdfafa'df cfw'lgs ljrf/wf/f tyfpd]/ut kl/kSjtf ljrf/0fLo x'G5 .pko'{Qm s'/fx¿df ljrf/ k'¥ofP/k|]dljjfx ubf{ b'Mv Pj+ c;kmntfa]xf]g'{ kb}{g, g t kl/jf/df s'g} emGem6,lbSbf/L / tgfj g} a]xf]g'{k5{ . To:tf]ljjfx ubf{ bfDkTo hLjg ;'dw'/,;'vL / cfgGbbfos x'g'sf ;fy};du|df hLjg ;kmn x'G5 .

–ef]nf

w]/}h;f] kl/jf/df >Ldfg\–>LdtLaLr cfDbfgLsf] clwsf+z/sd sxf“ slt / s;/L vr{eof] eGg] ljifodf ljjfb x'G5 .Ps–csf {k | lt kmh'n vr{sf;DaGwdf c/f]k–k|Tof/f]k jf a9\bf]dx“uLdf cfDbfgLsf] cfsf/ ;fgf]ePsf] u'gf;f], cfDbfgL / vr{nfO{lnP/ x'g] ;d:of lgDg cfoePsf kl/jf/df dfq geP/ /fd|f]cfo ug]{ bDktLaLr klg b]lvG5 .>Ldfg\÷>LdtL b'j}hgf cfocfh{g ug]{ ePsf] cj:ydf klgt]/f] / d]/f] cfDbfgL eGg] ljifonfO{lnP/ ljjfb e}/xG5 .

bfDkTo hLjgdf cfo–Jooc;Gt'ng x'g ] k | 'dv sf/0flxhf]cfhsf] vrf{n' hLjgz}nL xf] .To;dfly klg dfs]{l6ª kf]ln;Lsf]k|efjn] o;df w]/} ptf/–r9fjNofPsf] 5 . k|efjsf/L dfs]{l6ªkf]ln;Lsf sf/0f dx+uf ;/;fdfgklg ;j{;'ne aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .Ps}k6s vl/b ug{ g;;lsP klgkmfOgfG; ;'ljwfdf ;/n ls:tfdf;/;fdfg pknAw x'g] ePsfn] k|foMbDktL dx“uf ;/;fdfgk|lt cfslif{t5g\ . h;sf sf/0f nfdf] ;do;Ddo;n] 3/]n' artdf k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvG5 .

>Ldfg–>LdtL b'j}hgfnfO{s'zn u[x k|aGwgsf af/]dfhfgsf/L x'g' cfjZos 5 . To;}n]b'j}hgfn] art u/]/ vr{ ug{;Sg'dxŒjk " 0 f { x ' G5 . ah ]6agfpg'eGbf klxn] b}lgs hLjgdfvr{ x'g] s'/fsf ;DaGwdf lgoldt¿kdf gf]6 agfpg'k5{ . lgoldtvr{sf cltl/Qm ck|Toflzt ¿kdfx'g;Sg] ;Defljt vr{sf af/]dfklg of]hgf agfpg'k5{ . o:tfk"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;Sg] vr{x¿dfla/fdL, b'3{6gf, ljjfx, ef]h cflbdfx'g] vr{ k5{g\ . To;kl5 tL ;Dk"0f{vr{nfO{ cfkm\gf] dfl;s vftfdf:yfgfGt/0f ug'{k5{ .

;do–;dodf tL ;a} s'/fsf]lgoldt k/LIf0f klg ul//xg'k5{ .b'O{–tLg dlxgfdf cfkm"nfO{ cfkm\gf]

k|ltof]uLsf] gfd M clgtf tfdfª

sIff M %

ljBfnosf] gfd M dgf]x/ dfWolds ljBfno, sf7df8f}+

vr{sf] k"0f{ hfgsf/L x'G5 . o;sf];xfotfn] ;/n 9+uaf6 cfkm\gf]dfl;s ahf]6 agfpg ;lsG5 .ah]6 agfpg ] dfq geP/cgfjZos vr{ klg s6f}tL ug{;Sg'k5{ . ah]6 agfpgsf nflucfkm\gf] k|fylds cfjZostfnfO{klxrfg ug'{ h?/L x'G5 / ToxLcg';f/ rf6{ agfpg'k5{ . Ps cf};tcfo ePsf bDktLn] pNn]lvt9+uaf6 rf6{ agfpg ;lsG5 .

vr{sf]ljifo k|ltztxfpl;ª @)lah'nL, kfgL, 6]lnkmf]gcflbsf] lan %/f;g / OGwg #)lzIff !#oftfoft !@j:q %kfs]6 vr{ %cltly / lrlsT;f %art, kmfOgfG;jf OG;'/]G; cflbsf]ls:tf %

cf–cfkm \gf ] ; ' ljwf /cfjZostfcg';f/ k|fyldstfsf]cfwf/df vr{sf] k|ltzt km]/–abnug{ ;lsG5 . artsf ;fy} To;sf];xL 9 +uaf6 s'zntf Pj+b"/blz{tfsf ;fy lgj]z ug{ klgplQs} cfjZos 5 . cfkm\gf]kl/>daf6 sdfOPsf ] wg–;DklQnfO{ nufgL ug'{k"j{ sxf“ s;/Ls'g ¿kdf / slt ug]{ eGg] k"0f{hfgsf/L /fv]/ cfk;L /fokl5 dfqlg0f{o ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'G5 . s'znu[x k|aGwgaf6 bfDkTo hLjgnfO{;'vdo agfpg ;lsg] ePsfn]o;tkm{ klg kof{Kt Wofg lbg'k5{ .

–/f]lhg zfSo

of]u l;Sg]x¿sf] eL8dfwj cof{n

kfNkf— :jfdL /fdb]jn]l;sfpg] of]u lzlj/ tfg;]gdf/fVg sl:;Psf a' l4hLjLx¿cl3Nnf] lbg laxfg;Dd ;o hgfklg gk'Ug] x'g\ ls eGb} 6fpsf];dfO/x]sf lyP t/ of]u ;'? x'“bf eg]yfdL g;Sg' dflg;sf] eL8 of]u l;Sgcfof] . cg'dfg ul/Psf ;fdfgs]xLn] klg k'u]g . cfof]hsx¿ cQflnP/ xlif{t klg eP . of]usf nflu rf/–kf“r ;o dflg; c6fpg] 6]G6 a'lsªe};s]sf] lyof] eg] cGo ;fdfg klgh'6fO;lsPsf] lyof] . /fdb]jsflzio njb]j ld> s}nfnLaf6 of]ul;sfpg cfPsf] yfxf kfPkl5 ufp“–ufp“af6 ;d]t dflg;sf] 3'O“rf]nfUof] . tfg;]gsf] 6'“l8v]ndf laxfg$ ah]b]lv ;f“em * ah];Dd eL8b]lvg yfNof] .

/fd|f] :jf:Yo / lg/f]uL x'g];kgf af]s]/ rp/df of]u l;ls/x]sf]b]Vbf cf]5\ofgdf a;]/ 6'“l8v]nlt/x]g]{x¿ klg p7]/ hf“u/ rnfpgyfn] . oxL pT;fxdf dbgkf]v/fbds8fsL *@ jifL{o lbgf s'df/Lclwsf/L klg l5g\ . pgL dfq xf]Ogcf“vfn] /fd|F] gb]Vg], sfg /fd|f] g;'Gg];lxtljleGg /f]uLx¿ lzlj/df 5g\ .

# ah] g} p7]/ of]u lzlj/df

cfPsL clwsf/Ln] elgg\— …k|];/,Uof“l:6«s cflb /f]u ;Grf] x'G5 eg]/cfPsL x'“ .Ú klxNo}b]lv ef/tLoRofgn cf:yfdfkm{t of]u l;Sg]clwsf/Ln] of]u ubf{ z/L/ km'lt{nf]x'g] s'/f atfOg\ . tfg;]gdf d+l;/$ ut];Dd rn]sf] lzlj/df Psxhf/eGbf a9Ln] of]u l;s] .sflQs @* ut] ;'? ePsf] of]ulj1fg lzlj/df ;f“em–laxfg u/Lb}lgs b'O{ k6s of]u l;sfOPsf]lyof] . ef“lrPsf], sf6]sf] afx]s ;a}7Ls x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 eGb}tfg;]gsf kz'klt e6/fO{n] eg]—…dnfO{ t w]/} ;Grf] ePsf] 5,Ú

of]uaf6 kmfObf lng cfTd}b]lv ;dlk{tx'g'kg]{ pgn] atfP . 6fpsf] b'Vg], l/+u6fnfUg], cf“vfsf] Hof]lt sd x“'b} uPsf]l:yltdf of]u ug{ yfn]sf] tLglbgd} cfkm"df kl/jt{g cfPsf]tfg;]g j't{ªsL nIdL u}/]n] atfOg\ .

of]u u¥of] eg] cf“vf t]hx'G5 eGg] s'/f ;'g]sL lyP“ t/ clxn]cfkm}+df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5, u}/]n]elgg\— …clxn] ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gcfkm}+nfO{ cgf}7f] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 .Úlzlj/df pgLx¿n] k|lzIfs njb]jld>nfO{ cfkm\gf] cg'ej ;'gfPsf5g\ . v'§f kms{g], emdemd ug]{,bd, cN;/h:tf /f]u of]u u/]s}

sf/0f la;]s ePsf ] tfg;]ga;kfs{sL eLds'df/L zfSoatfp“l5g\ . dnfO{ ;Grf] ePsf] 5,lgoldt of] u¥of] eg] ;a}nfO{ ;Grf]x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5', zfSon]elgg\— …of]uaf6 ;Grf] gx'g] s]xL 5}g .

of]u lzlj/df Pdfn] g]tf wg]Gb|l3ld/], dfcf]jfbL g]tf g]q kf08], /fk|kfg]tf 8'naxfb'/ s'“j/, hgdf]rf{sf;f]ds'df/ sfsL{nufot k|d'v lhNnfclwsf/L zDe' l3ld/], k|x/L gfoapk/LIfs eLd 9sfn, /0fad u0fsfsg]{n e"k]Gb| v8\sf;d]tsf] pkl:yltn]c¿sf ] klg rf;f ] a9fPsf ];xefuLx¿ atfp“5g\ . ;a}n]6'“l8v]ndf of]u ubf{ cem /dfOnf]nfu]sf] 5, a'l4k|;fb zdf{n] eg]—…;d"xdf ubf{ eP/ xf] ls s] xf] a8f]/dfOnf];“u of]u l;Sg ;lsPsf] 5 .Ú:jfdL /fdb]jsf lzio njb]j ld>n];xefuLx¿nfO{ z/L/nfO{ df]6f] /dgnfO{ af]lemnf] gagfO{ xn'sfagfpg ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . To;f]ug{ pgn] ulx/f] Zjf; lng] / kmfNg]k|f0ffod, ;'vf;g, skfnef“tLh:tf ljlwl;sfPsf lyP . d}n] ;a} ;xefuLsf] lgb|frf]/]sf] 5' t/ kmfObf tkfO{+x¿s} xf] eGb}k|lzIfs ld>n] eg]— hyfefjL ubf{ xfdLcfkm\gf] cfo' cfkm} 36fp“5f}+, of]u ug'{eof]eg] cfo';d]t a9\g]5 .Ú

Page 20: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 @@rf}yf} s[i0fdf]xg :d[lt Aof8ldG6g

xfQLkf]nf] k|ltof]lutfdf cf]Ol/P ko{6s

;+:d/0fdf klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o km'6an

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sf7df8f}+– rf}yf] s[i0fdf]xg :d[lt clw/fHoJofkL v'Nnf Aof8ldG6g

k|ltof]lutfdf cfof]hs ;z:q k|x/L an -PkLPkm_n] cfkm\gf] jr{:jsfod} /fv]sf] 5, t/ k|ltof]lutfs} d'Vo cfsif{0f k'?if Psn / dlxnfPsn :kwf{df eg] PkLPkmn] xft w'g'k¥of] . k'?if Psndf s}nfnLsfkz'klt kg]? ljhoL /x] eg] dlxnf Psndf ut jif{sL ljh]tf df]/ªsL;'ldgf >]i7n] pkflw /Iff ul/g\ .

d+unaf/ ;DkGg kmfOgndf kz'kltn] lr/–kl/lrt k|ltåGåL an/fdyfkfnfO{ k/flht u/]sf lyP . klxnf] ;]6 !*–@! n] u'dfP klg To;kl5pTs[i6 nodf kms{+b} kz'kltn] @!–!( / @!–!@ n] an/fdsf] r'gf}tL;dfKt kf/]sf lyP . lhtkl5 kz'kltn] ;fKtflxs;“u eg]– …s8f d]xgtu/]sf] lyP“, an/fd;“u a]xf]/]sf] nuftf/ b'O{ xf/sf] abnf lng kfp“bfv';L nfu]sf] 5 .Ú of];lxt kz'kltn] !! k6s k'?if Psnsf] pkflwlht]sf] 5 . pgn] gub %) xhf/ ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ xft kf/] .

df]/ªsL ;'ldgf >]i7n] dlxnf Psnsf] kmfOgndf PkLPkmsL ;'hgf>]i7nfO{ @!–$ / @!–( n] k/flht ub}{ #) xhf/ ?k}of“ gub k'/:sf/xft kfl/g\ . nuftf/ bf];|f] jif{ dlxnf Psndf ljhoL ePsf]df b+u/x]sL ;'ldgf elG5g\– …;xh} pkflw /Iff ug{ kfPsf]df v';L nfu]sf] 5 .Ú;'ldgfsf] sl/c/df of] ;ftf}+ Psn pkflw xf] .

s'n % nfv *) xhf/ ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ /flzsf] k|ltof]lutfdf;dfj]z cf7dWo] kf“r :kwf{df PkLPkmsf v]nf8Lx¿ ljhoL /x] . Psn:kwf{df pkflw /Iff ug{ g;s]sf an/fd k'?if o'un tyf ldS; 8andfljhoL ag] . ;jf{lws wg/flzsf] Aof8ldG6g k|ltof]lutfsf] k'?if o'unsf]kmfOgndf PkLPkmsf an/fd / OGb| d]xtfsf] hf]8Ln] g]kfn k'ln;Snasf ljsf; >]i7 / gj/fh hf]zLnfO{ @!–!^ / @!–!( n] k/flhtu/] . k"hf >]i7 / ;Demgf vflnªn] kmfOgndf df]/ªsL ;'ldgf / sf:sLsLt'n;L u'?ªsf] hf]8LnfO{ @!–!! / @!–!& n] x/fp“b} PkLPkmnfO{ dlxnfo'unsf] pkflw lbnfOg\ . ldS; 8andf PkLPkms} an/fd / k"hf>]i7sf] hf]8L ljhoL /x] . e]6«fg 8aN;df kf“ry/sf j;Gt g]Djfª /s]z uf}rgsf] hf]8L klxnf] eP .

g]kfnL /fli6«o dlxnf lqms]6 l6dsL sKtfg;d]t /x]sL g]/L yfkfn]!( jif{d'lgsf] dlxnf Psndf PkLPkmnfO{ klxnf] :yfg lbnfOg\ . kmfOgndfPkLPkms} ;'gLtf u'?ª 3fOt] e} v]n kl/Tofu u/]kl5 g]/LnfO{ ljh]tf3f]lift ul/Psf] lyof] . klxnf] ;]6df g]/L @!–!^ n] ljhoL ePkl5;'gLtfn] v]n Tofu]sL lyOg\ . PkLPkms} lszf]/ /fgfn] !( jif{d'lgsf]k'?if Psnsf] kmfOgndf sf7df8f}+sf ;fhgs[i0f tfd|fsf/nfO{ @!–!#,!!–@! / @!–!) n] k/flht u/]sf lyP . dª\l;/ ! ut]b]lv rf/ lbg;~rflnt k|ltof]lutfdf ## lhNnf, !& Aof8ldG6g Sna tyf @ ljBfnosfs'n $ ;o ^^ hgf v]nf8L ;xefuL lyP .

dgf]h l3ld/]gf]e]Da/ @) df 7Ls @% jif{

eof] g]kfnn] cflwsfl/s ¿kdfcGt/f{li6«o km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf;xelutf hgfpg yfn]sf] . ;g\!(*@ df ef/tsf] gof“lbNnLdfcfof]hLt gjf}+ Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdftTsfnLg k ' m6an dxfzlQms'a]t;“usf] le8Gt g} g]kfnsf]klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o d'sflanf lyof]/ Tof] d'sflanf uj{ ug{ nfosklg lyof] . pQm v]ndf uf]n ub}{cGt/f { li6 «o uf ]n ug] { klxnf ]g]kfnLsf ¿kdf sLlt{dfg sfodu/]sf odaxfb'/ 3n] dfq xf]Og,;a} hgfnfO{ plQs} /dfOnf] nfU5,tL lbgsf] ;+:d/0f ubf{ .

@% jif{sf] cGt/fndf y'k|} b'Mv–;'vsf 36gf ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] Tof]l6dn] . sKtfg ¿ks/fh zdf{n]kfls:tfg Po/nfOG;sf] ljdfgb'3{6gfdf k/]/ hLjg u'dfO;s] eg]l8«d l8km]G;sf ¿kdf kl/lrt pQm6f]nLsf lna/f] ;'/]; kGyL klg xfdLdfem 5}gg\ . cGo ;b:on]] eg] ToxL;dosf] ;Demgf ub}{ cfh klg plQs}uj{;lxt lbg latfO/x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfn km'6ansf] Oltxf;ag]sf 3n]n] ;fyLefO;“u e]6 u/]/cfkm\gf] cGt/f{li6«o uf]nnfO{ ;+:d/0fu/] . cfkm" Oltxf; sf]g{ ;kmn eP

klg cfkm\gf ;xsdL{ :6f/x¿nfO{;Ddfg ug{ eg] pgL r's]gg\ .…u0f]z yfkf, wL/]Gb| k|wfg, ¿ks/fhzdf{ / dfgaxfb'/ dNn :t/Lov]nf8L lyP / nf]sk|Lo klg t/;+of]u clg efUo klg xf] lsToxL uf]nn] dnfO{ pgLx¿sf];dsIfdf k'¥ofof ] , Ú ljutsf ]/dfOnf]df /Db} 3n]n] eg] .

jt{dfg g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf nfluTof] pTs[i6 k|bz{g Pp6f ljZjf;}ug{ uf¥xf] oyfy{ xf] . k|ltof]lutfsf]klxnf] r/0fdf g]kfnL l6dn] s'a]t/ O/fg;“u ;fgbf/ k|bz{g u/]sf]lyof ] . ltg } b 'O { l6dn ]kmfOgn;Ddsf] ofqf klg to u/]sf

lyP . pgLx¿sf] pTs[i6 k|bz{gsf]/x:o s] xf] < :jfefljs ¿kdfk|Zg p7\g yfn]sf] 5 oltv]/ .…v]nk|ltsf] ;dk0f{ / OR5fzlQm .ÚdNnsf] bfjL xf] of], t/ of] g} clGtdsf/0f eg] kSs} xf]Og . ;f]xL l6dsf;b:o tyf tTsfnLg ;dosf kmf:6km'6an/ g/]Gb|dfg l;+x eg] k|lzIfs?8L u'l8gkmnfO{ klg o;sf] h;lbg rxG5g\ . pgn] eg]– …xfdLnfO{cfw'lgs km'6ansf] hfgsf/L lbg]klxnf] JolQm g} hd{g k|lzIfsu'l8gkm x'g\ .Ú

tTsfnLg ;dodf b ' Mvnfu]sf 36gf klg ;+:d/0fdf/dfOnf ] nfU5 pgLx¿nfO { .g/]Gb|dfg l;+x / l6dsf rlr{tkm/jf8{ u0f]z yfkfaLrsf] Ouf]sf];d:of xf];\ jf ;a}eGbf lkm6 v]nf8Lklg u'l8gkmsf] s7f]/ k|lzIf0f ;xgg;s]/ jfGtf u/]sf] If0f xf];\ rfx]s'g} k|ltof]lutfdf wL/]Gb| k|wfgn]1fgL/fhf >]i7sf] h;L{ nufP/v]nfp“b} em]nL u/]sf] If0f g} lsggxf];\ . k|wfgn] /ftf] sf8{ kfPkl5To:tf] pkfo ckgfPsf] lyof], g]kfnLl6dn] . lx+hf] / cfhsf] km/satfpg] qmddf pgLx¿ eG5g\–

…u'l8gkmsf] s8f k|lzIf0f Psflt/lyof], csf{lt/ 8fO6sf ¿kdf kfOg]Pp6f cG8f, Pp6f s]/f / b'O{ lk;kfp/f]6L .Ú clxn] km'6andf w]/};'ljwf ePsf] atfp“b} pgLx¿atfp“5g\ . l6dsf lkm6 v]nf8LdNnn] k|lzIf0fsf qmdd} afGtfu/]kl5 u'l8gkmnfO{ w]/} lrGtf k/]sf]lyof] / pgL v]nf8Lx¿n] vfg] 8fO6x]g{ dx]Gb| o'jfno hfg rfx] . g]kfnLclkml;onx¿df xnrn dlRrof] /cwLsf/Lx¿n] k|lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg}eP klg /fd|f];“u vfg lbg yfn]Tof] ;dodf .

dNnsf] lkm6g]; g]kfnsf nfluk|d'v c:q g} lyof] Toltv]/ . s'a]tnfO{klxnf] bafa lbg] JolQm dNn g} lyP ./dfOnf] k|;+u ;'gfp“5g\ pgL clxn] klg .s'a]tL sKtfgnfO{ lgu/fgLdf /fVglgb]{zg lbPsf lyP u'l8gkmn] . geGb}!) ldg]6d} g]kfnL ;8km]lG;eld8lkmN8/sf] s8f 6\ofsnsf] l;sf/eP s'a]tL sKtfg . pQm v]n s'a]tn] !sf lj?4 # uf]nn] lhTof] t/ sdhf]/cf“lsPsf] g]kfn;“u g;f]lrPsf]kl/>d ug'{k¥of] . dNn g} o:tfv]nf8L lyP h;sf sf/0f g]kfnn]w]/} alnof] k|ltåGåLnfO{ klg ;lhn}lhTg lbPg . pgL eg] w]/} /ftf] sf8{kfpg] v]nf8Lsf] ;"rLdf k/] .

y 'k | } /dfOnf k |; +u 5g\pgLx¿;“u . uj{ ug{ nfos ljifoklg 5g\, /fli6«o l6dsf] k|bz{gdfq xf]Og, Jofj;flos km'6andfklg plQs} hd]sf lyP g]kfnLx¿ .u0f ]z yfkf, odaxfb '/ 3n],g/]Gb|dfg l;+x / s[i0f yfkf blIf0fPl;ofsf] Jofj;flos km'6andfTolQs} hd]sf lyP . kGyL;lxtwL/]Gb| k|wfg, >L/fd /l~htsf/ tyfeQm /fhs0fL{sf/ ;lDdlnt /Iffk+lQmt l8«d l8km]G;sf ¿kdf ;w}+kl/lrt /xg]5 .

lrtjg– g ]kfndf dfq }cfof]hgf x'g] cGt/f{i6«Lo xfQLkf]nf]ut ;f]daf/ k|f/De ePsf] 5 .;fgfb]lv eLdsfo xfQLx¿sf]hd36 dfq xf]Og, ljZjsf ljleGGfd'n'saf6 cfPsf kf]nf] kf/vLsf]cgf}7f] hd36 nfu]sf] 5 ko{6sLo:yn d]3f}nLsf] xjfO{ d}bfgdf .dflg;sf] dfq geP/ xfQLaLrsf]k |lt:kwf {n] klg bz{sx¿nfO{/f]dfl~Rft agfpg' o;sf] ljz]iftfxf] . o:tf] lsl;dsf] k|ltof]lutfg]kfndf dfq x'“b} cfPsf] 5 .

ljut @% jif{b]lv ;~rfnge}/x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o xfQLkf]nf]ljZjsk k|ltof]lutfsf] of] @^ cf}+;+:s/0f xf] . of] k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t^ lbg lnu r/0fsf] v]n ;DkGg e}cfh -z'qmaf/_ kmfOgn k|lt:kwf{x'“b}5 eg] ef]ln k'/:sf/ / 6«kmLljt/0fsf] sfo{qmd 5 . ;'?b]lv g}of] k|ltof]lutf ko{6sLo gu/Ld]3f}nLsf] xjfO{ d}bfgdf ;~rfngx' “b } cfPsf] 5 . of] jif{ klgk|ltof]lutf x]g{ cfPsf bz{sx¿sf]7"nf] pkl:yltn] d]3f}nLsf] jftfj/0fpNnf;do ag]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo JolQmx¿sf nflu;d]t/f]df~rs d]nfsf ¿kdf /xg] of] v]nx]g{] bz{ssf] ;+Vof ljuteGbf a9Lb]lvPsf] v]n Joj:yfkg ;+:yf 6fOu/6K; h+un nhsf k|aGw lgb{]zslqm:6gaxfb'/ P8j8{n] atfP . :jb]zLPj+ ljb]zL ;~rf/dfWodn] /fd|F] se/]h

u/]sfn] klg of] k|ltof]lutf lbg–k|ltlbgnf]slk|o aGb} uPsf] P8j8{n] atfP .

b'O{ kIFaLr v]lng] of] v]nrf/–rf/j6f xfQLdf k|ltof]uL /dfpt] r9]/ nfdf] n6\7Ln] e'O“df /x]sf]annfO{ ljkIFLsf] uf]nkf]:6dfl5/fpg'k5{ . dWofGt/cl3 / kl5 u/LPs kf/Lsf nflu aL; ldg]6leq a9Luf]n ug{] l6d ljhoL x'G5 .

t 'ngfTds ¿kdf 7 "nfxfQLeGbf ;fgf xfQLdf r9]/ ancl3 a9fpg ;lhnf] x'g] v]nf8Lx¿sf]cg'ej 5 . of] v]ndf xfQL, v]nf8L/ dfpt] tLg} kIFsf] Aofn]G; ldNg'k5{,cGoyf xfQLaf6 n8\g], uf]n ug{cK7\of/f] x'g] v]nf8Lx¿ atfp“5g\ .Ps hgf lg0ff{os -cDkfo/_ klg xfQLd};jf/ eP/ v]nsf] lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .

o;k6ssf] k|ltof]lutfdf tLg

g]kfnL l6d lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h,6fOu/6K; 6:s/ tyf/ la|l6;cfdL{;lxt!@ l6dsf] ;xeflutf 5 .ut jif { eg] cf7 l6d dfqk|ltof]lutfdf ;fd]n lyP . zflGt:yfkgf;“u}} lrtjgdf ko{6sdf j[l4ePsf a]nf e}/x]sf] k|ltof]lutfn]Joj;foLx¿ xf}l;Psf 5g\ . v]n;~rfngsf nflu 6fOu/6K;sf cf7tyf/ lrtjg lgs'~hsf !@ j6fxfQL k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .

cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;d]t lgs}?rfOg] of] v]nnfO{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zsfu/L w]/} 6]lnlehg Rofgnn] se/]h u/]sf5g\ . o; jif{sf] ;xeflutf jf:tjd}cl3NNff jif{sf] t'ngfdf /fd|f] kfof}+Ú cfof]hssld6Lsf Ps ;b:on] eg]– …o;af6 o;v]nsf] nf]slk|otf a9]sf] :ki6 x'G5 .Ú

–k|jL0f bQ

k|m]G8\;nfO{ lqms]6sf] pkflw

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

dfpG6 dsfn' PstfnfO{;+v'jf;efsf] ;b/d'sfd

vf“baf/Ldf ;~rflnt dfpG6 dsfn'km'6an k|ltof]lutfsf] pkflw Pstfkl/jf/ dfg]eGHofªn] xft kf/]sf]5 . k|ltof]lutfdf Pstf kl/jf/n]zLtnkf6Lsf] u|fdL0f ;]jf SnanfO{@ sf lj?4 # uf]nn] k/flht u/]sf]lyof] . Pstf kl/jf/sf /fh]z>]i7n] @ / gjLg g]kfnLn] ! tyfu|fdL0f ;]jf Snasf ldy'g /fO{ /eQmaxfb'/ du/n] !–! uf]n u/]sflyP . k|ltof]lutf Pstf kl/jf/tyf c?0f Snan] ;+o'Qm ¿kdfcfof ] lht u/ ]sf x 'g \ . of ]k|ltof]lutf bLkfjnLsf] cj;/dfa;]{lg ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

–;'/]Gb| ;'j]bL

km'6ansf] pkflwr'xf8]nfO{ufO{3f6– pbok'/sf] /f}tfl:yt

; 'sf } / fdf ljhofbzdL tyfbLkfjnLsf] pknIodf cfof]lhtlhNnf:t/Lo gscfp6 km'6ansf]pkflw r'xf8] Snan] lht]sf] 5 .ut zlgaf/ pNn]Vo bz{sx¿sf]pkl:yltdf ;DkGg kmfOgn v]ndfr'xf8] Snan] cfof]hs hfNkf lrnfpg]SnanfO{ z"Gosf lj?4 $ uf]nn] k/flhtub}{ pkflw xft kf/]sf] xf] . lhNnfsfVofltk|fKt & j6f Snasf] ;xeflutf/x]sf] pSt k|ltof]lutfel/ pTs[i6 v]nk|bz{g u/]sf hfNkf lrnfpg] Snasflg/axfb'/ l/vfd du/nfO{ pTs[i6v]nfl8 3f]lift ul/of] eg] pTs[i6uf]n/Ifssf] pkflw r'xf8] Snasf ljgo/fgfdu/n] xft kf/] .

ldl8ofsk elnana'6jn— kqsfl/tfdf df]km;nsf] /fhwfgL dflgg] a'6jndf t];|f]

cGt/ldl8of sk elnan k|ltof]lutf k|f/De ePsf] 5 . a'6jn 6'8]b}lgsn] cfkm\gf] rf}yf] jflif{s pT;jsf] cj;/ kf/]/ cfof]hgf u/]sf]ldl8of skdf ¿kGb]xLsf !* ;~rf/ ;+:yfn] efu lnPsf 5g\ . lhNnfv]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt sfof{no k|f+u0f xf6ahf/df a'waf/ ;'? ePsf] k|ltof]lutfdf5j6f b}lgs, kf“rj6f PkmPd, tLgj6f ;fKtflxs, b'O{j6f s]a'n 6]lnlehg,kqsf/ dxf;+3 lhNnf zfvf tyf Ps dfl;s klqsfn] k|lt:kwf{ub}{5g\ . ut jif{ aflx/sf v]nf8LnfO{ ;d]t v]nfOPkl5 o;k6s5fglag ;ldlt u7g u/L kqsf/x¿nfO{ dfq ;xefuL u/fpg] jftfj/0ftof/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;w} ;dfrf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ kqsf/x¿sf] v]n x]g{bz{sx¿ klg pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf pkl:yt 5g\ . d+l;/ ( ut];Dd rNg] k|ltof]lutfsf]ljh]tf l6dnfO{ k'/:sf/:j¿k v;L k|bfg ul/“b} cfPsf] 5 .

kfNkf— lhNnf:t/Lo v'nf lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] pkflw k|m]G8\;AofOh Snan] xft kf/]sf] 5 . tfg;]gsf] 6'“l8v]ndf ;DkGg kmfOgndfkfNkf lqms]6 SnanfO{ *! /gsf] cGt/n] x/fp“b} k|]mG8\;n] pkflwlht]sf] xf] . kmfOgn v]nsf] Dofg ckm lb Dofr k|m]G8\;sf z}n]Gb|eP . k|ltof]lutfdf pTs[i6 v]nf8L k|m]G8\;sf dgaxfb'/ yfkf, pTs[i6an/ kfNkf lqms]6 Snasf ;'/]z uf]bf/, pTs[i6 Aof6\;Dofg k|m]G8\;sfcldt 1jfnL, plbodfg v]nf8L k|m]G8\;s} /lj yfkf tyf pTs[i6k|bz{g b]p/fnL uflj;sf] u|fdL0f ljsf; lqms]6 Snjsf cf]dk|sfz/f:sf]6L 3f]lift eP .

–dfwj cof{n

Page 21: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 @#

% k|Zgsn }ofsf ljj ]s bnL

g]kfnsf k|ltefjfg\ h'lgo/ lqms]6/x'g\ . afNosfnd} lqms]6sf] gzfnfu]kl5 clxn] pgL !% jif{d'lgsf]g]kfnL /fli6«o l6dsf dxŒjk"0f{v]nf8L ag]sf 5g\ . If]q gDa/–@ jL/uGhaf6 3/]n' lqms]6 v]Nb}cfPsf !% jifL{o ljj]ssf] sf“wdfo;kfln g]kfnnfO{ o'–!% OnfO6sk cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6 k|ltof]lutflhtfpg] lhDd]jf/L 5 . ut jif{g]kfnnfO{ OnfO6 sk lqms]6RoflDkog agfpg pgn] dxŒjk"0f{e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . xfn};DkGg o'–!% /fli6«o lqms]6k|ltof]lutfdf # Dofrdf !$ ljs]6r6\sfPsf ljj]s ;jf]{Ts[i6 an/3f]lift ePsf lyP .

o'–!% OnfO6 sk cGt/f{li6«olqms]6df g]kfnsf] ;Defjgf s:tf] 5 <

!% jif{d'lgsf] cGt/f{li6«olqms]6df ck/flht g]kfn g}o;kfln pkflwsf] k|d'v bfa]bf/

g]kfnL SofK6]g k[y' af“:sf]6f;kmntf k|fKt ug{ d]xgthlts} w}o{tf

klg rflxG5 . afd] ;b}{b]lv lqms]6 eg]kl5x'?Ss} x'Gy] rqmkysf k[y' af“:sf]6f . ut jif{g]kfnL lqms]6 l6dnfO{ !% jif{d'lgsf] OnfO6sk cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf ;kmntflbnfpg af:sf]6fsf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ lyof] .dn ] l;ofdf ;DkGg pQm b 'O { lbj;Lok|ltof]lutfdf 6]:6 lqms]6 v]Ng] dfGotfgkfPsf Pl;ofsf pTs[i6 cf7j6f l6dn]k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf lyP . To;a]nf af“:sf]6fn]dn]l;ofdf s'zn g]t[Tj dfq u/]gg\, alnª /Aofl6ªdf klg pTs[i6 k|bz{g u/]sf lyP .

o;kfln klg k[y's} g]t[Tjdf g]kfnsf] o'–!% l6dn] OnfO6 skcGt/f{li6«o lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf v]Nb}5 . pTs[i6 v]n k|bz{g ub}{ w]/} /ghf]8]sf] tyf ljs]6 xft kf/]sf] cfwf/df ;jf{lws c+s hf]8\b} g]kfnTo;a]nf RoflDkog ag]sf] lyof] . o;k6ssf] k|ltof]lutfsf ;DaGwdfk[y' eG5g\– …xfdL k|To]s Dofr lhTb} nuftf/ t];|f]kN6 !% jif{d'lgsf]cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6 RoflDkog aGg]5f}+ .Úaf“:sf]6f o;kfln pkflw lhTg]s'/fdf 9'Ss 5g\ / To;sf nflu s8f d]xgt ul//x]sf 5g\ . k'/fgfcfwf bh{g v]nf8Lsf] ;fy /x]sfn] klg o;kfln k[y'sf] cfTdljZjf;a9]sf] xf] . Uofn]S;L :s'ndf !) sIffdf cWoog/t k[y' xfn} ;DkGg !%jif{d'lgsf] /fli6«o lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL lyPgg\, t}klg cAanv]nf8L ePs}n] pgnfO{ g]kfnL l6dsf] aGb k|lzIf0fdf af]nfOPsf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] nIo x\ofl6«s

/fh' l3l;ª÷dgf]h l3ld/]sf7df8f}+– /fhwfgLsf ljleGg

rf/j6f d}bfgdf cfOtaf/b]lv !%jif{d'lgsf] OnfO6 sk cGt/f{li6«olqms]6 k|ltof]lutf k|f/De x'“b}5 .g]kfn of] k|ltof]lutf lht]/ !%jif {d'lgsf] cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6k|ltof]lutfdf x\ofl6«s ug]{ bfpdf5 . o;cl3 ;g\ @))% df o'PO{df;DkGg o'–!% Pl;of sk lqms]6dfg]kfnn] ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ ̂ ljs]6n]tyf ;g\ @))^ df dn]l;ofdf;DkGg o'–!% OnfO6 sk -b'O{lbg]_cGt/f{li6«o :kwf{df c+ssf cfwf/dfljho xfl;n u/]sf] lyof] . To;a]nfg]kfnn] cfkm"n] v]n]sf ;a} Dofra/fa/Ldf 6'ª\Uofp“b} ;jf{lws c+sxfl;n u/]sf] lyof] .

o; k6s dn]l;of, yfONofG8,cf]dfg tyf xªsª;“u} ;d"x …sÚdf /x]sf] g]kfnn] of] pd]/ ;d"xsf]pkflw ofqfdf x\ofl6«s to ug{lgs} ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ k|lzIfs /f]o8fo; atfp“5g\ . 6]:6 lqms]6 v]Ng]dfGotf gkfPsf Pl;ofsf pTs[i6!) /fi6« ;xefuL k|ltof]lutfsf] ;d"x…vÚ df o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\; -o'PO{_, s'j]t, ;fpbL c/]laof,ckmuflg:tfg tyf l;ª\ufk'/ 5g\ .

k|ltof]lutf k|f/De x'g'eGbf@$ lbgcl3 dfq g]kfn lqms]6 ;+3-Sofg_ n] g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿sf nfluaGb k|lzIf0f ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . xfn};DkGg o'–!% /fli6«o k|ltof]lutfdf!% jif{eGbf dflysf w]/} v]nf8Lx¿unt 9+un] ;xefuL ePsf sf/0fclxn]sf] g]kfnL l6d 5gf}6 ug{lgs} sl7gfO ePsf] d'Vo k|lzIfs8fo;n] atfP .

k|lzIfs 8fo;sf cg';f/aGb k|lzIf0fdf af]nfOPsf @#hgfdWo] !) hgf v]nf8L pd]/9f“6]sf sf/0f kmflnPsf lyP . …af“sL!# hgfaf6 s;/L /fd|f] l6d tof/ug{ ;lsG5 <Ú–8fo;sf] k|Zglyof] . To;kl5 8fo;n] yk % hgfv]nf8LnfO{ aGb k|lzIf0fdf af]nfPsflyP . !% jif{eGbf dflysf !)v ]nf8L lgsf lnPkl5 aGbk|lzIf0fdf an/x¿sf] jr{:j lyof] .clxn] /fli6«o l6ddf ;dflxtv]nf8Lx¿ Aofl6ª, alnª /lkmlN8ªdf hDg ;Sg] s'/fdf;xfos k|lzIfs ;'/ ]z kf08]cfzfjfbL 5g\ . aGb k|lzIf0fsfqmddf v]nf8L vf]Hg k|lzIfsnfO{sl7gfO eP klg g]kfnL l6dnfO{lgs} alnof] dflgPsf] 5 .

ut jif{ dn]l;ofdf b'O{lbj;LoOnfO6 sk pkflw lhTbf k|efjzfnLk|bz{g u/]sf & hgf v]nf8Lo;kflnsf] g]kfnL l6ddf klg 5g\ .sKtfg k[y' af:sf]6f, pksKtfgcfsfz l;+x kl/of/;lxt k|bLk P]/L,

xf] . xfdL 3/]n' e"lddf ;kmntfr'Dgsf lglDt s8f kl/>d ul//x]sf5f}+ . xfd|F gof“ tyf k'/fgf ;a}v]nf8L pTs[i6 5g\ .

o'–!% cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6k|ltof]lutfdf tkfO{+sf] JolQmutk|bz{g s:tf] 5 <

d}n] g]kfnaf6 ;g\ @))^ dfdn]l;ofdf ;DkGg b'O{ lbg] OnfO6sk tyf a]ª\nf]/, ef/t e|d0fdfu/L s'n * Dofr v]n]sf] 5' . xfd|f]l6dn] OnfO6 sk cGt/f{li6«o lqms]6k|ltof]lutf lhTbf d}n] ! ;o %#/g agfp“b} ^ ljs]6 emf/]sf] lyP“ .a]ª\nf]/ e|d0fdf # j6f d}qLk"0f{ Dofrv]Ng] qmddf & ljs]6 lnPsf] lyP“ .

tkfO{+n] v]n]sf] s'g cGt/f{li6«oDofrnfO{ la;{g ;Sg'x'Gg <

ut jif{ dn]l;ofdf ;DkGg OnfO6sk lqms]6sf] ;]dLkmfOgn v]n d la;{g;lSbg“ . ax/fOglj?4sf] pQm Dofrdfd}n] /fd|f] lqms]6 v]nf8L ePsf] k'li6u/]sf] lyP“ . Tof] Dofrdf d}n] g6cfp6*! /g agfPsf] lyP“ .

s;/L lqms]6 l;Sg'eof] <sn}ofdf l5d]sL bfOx¿ ;w}+

lqms]6 v]Ng'x'GYof] . pxf“x¿n] v]n]sf]gSsn ubf{ub} { lqms]6sf] ntnfUof] . ut jif{ !% jif{d'lgsf]If]qLo l6d tyf /fli6«o l6ddfklg k/]kl5 cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfv]Ng] cj;/ kfP“ . ca t lqms]65f8\g ;S5'h:tf] nfUb}g .

dgkg]{ lqms]6 v]nf8L <g]kfnL v]nf8Ldf ;~hd /]UdL

/ cGt/f{li6«o v]nf8Ldf >Lnª\sfsfd'y}of d'/nLw/g . b'j}hgf /fd|fckm l:kg/ x'g\ .

ljj]s bnL, ;fu/ k'g, k|h]zaxfb'/l;+x tyf /f]rs e§n] o;kfln klgg]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{5g\ . gof“v]nf8Lx¿ s[i0f ;]g, ;'gLn ;'gf/,e'jg sfsL{ Pj+ ;dL/ g]kfn klglgs} k |ltefzfnL dflgG5g\ .clxn ]sf ] g ]k fnL l6ddfcn/fpG8/x¿sf ] jr{:j 5 .sKtfg k[y';lxt ;fu/, s[i0f,k|bLk e'jg Pj+ ;dL/ an Pj+Aof6 b'j}df hDg ;S5g\ . k|h]z,;'lgn, ljj]s / /f]rssf] alnªg]kfnsf] pkflw ofqfdf lg0ff{osaGg ;S5 . ljs]6 lsk/ cfsfz/fd|f Aof6\;Dofg klg x'g\ .

clxn] g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿OnfO6 sk RoflDkog aGgsflglDt xf}l;Psf 5g\ . l6ddf cg'ejLv]nf8Lx¿sf] jr{:j ePsfn] g]kfnn]pkflw lhTg]df sKtfg k[y' af“:sf]6f9'Ss 5g\ . o'–!% l6dnfO{ bf];|f]kN6pkflw lhtfpg] tof/Ldf /x]sfaf“:sf]6f eG5g\– …cg'ejL ePsfn]xfdLdf cfTdljZjf; 5 / xfd|f]v]nsf] :t/ klg a9]sf] 5 .Ú$)÷$) cf]e/sf] Dofr v]nfOg]k|ltof]lutfdf xªsª, dn]l;of Pj+l;ª\ufk'/n] g]kfnnfO{ alnof] r'gf}tLlbg;Sg] k|lzIfs 8fo; atfp“5g\ .

tof/L k"/fkl;{ cfOtaf/b]lv x'g] OnfO6

sk o'–!% Pl;ofsk lqms]6k|ltof]lutfsf] tof/L k"/f ePsf] 5 .;f ljs ljh ]tfsf x } l;otn ]k|ltof]lutfdf ;dfj]z x'g] g]kfnLl6d ljutdf h:t} clxn] klgv]nf8Lsf] pd]/ a9L ljjfb ePsf]ljjfbdf k/]sf] 5 . o; k6s eg]g]kfn, lqms]6 ;+3sf] a'l4dtf /;fjwfgLsf sf/0f of] ljjfbnfO{;dod} lgsf; lbOPsf] 5 .

klxnf] r/0fdf 5gf}6 ePsf@# hgfsf] pd]/df z+sf nfu]kl5;+3n] bf];|f] /f]hfOsf v]nf8LnfO{klg k|lzIf0f lb“b} cfPsf] lyof] .clGtd ;dodf klxnf] /f]hfOsf @#dWo] clwsf+z v]nf8Lsf] pd]/ a9LkfOPkl5 Sofgn] k|ltof]lutfsf] s]xLlbgcl3 dfq clGtd !$ hgfsf]gfdfjnL tof/ kf/]sf] 5, tL !$hgf v]nf8L k|lzIf0f lzlj/d} /x]sfv]nf8L g} ePkl5 pkflw hf]ufpg]g]kfnsf] nIo ;xh ePsf] 5 .…xfdLn] ljBfnosf] k|df0fkqnfO{ cfwf/dfg]sf lyof}+ . pd]/sf] ;d:of x6fpgljBfno / cleefjs cfkm}+ ;r]t x'g'cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú SofgsfpkfWoIf pk ] Gb | e§/fO {n ];fKtflxsnfO{ atfP .

/ f l i6 «o k | ltof ] lutfsf ]cfof]hgf ub}{ tof/ ul/Psf] g]kfnLo'–!% l6d ljutsf] eGbf pTs[i6

/x]sf] bfaL ul/Psf] 5 . ut;+:s/0fdf ljgf s'g} /fli6 «ok | ltof ] lutf tof/ kf l/Psf ]l6ddfkm{t pkflw xft kf/]sf]g]kfnn] o; k6s tof/Lsf qmddfo'–!% /fli6«o k|ltof]lutfsf] klgcfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .

k|ltof]luftdf ;d"x …PÚ df/x]sf] g]kfnn] klxnf] v]n zlgaf/dn]l;of;“u v]Ng]5 eg] b'O{ lbgkl5yfONofG8;“u v]Ng]5 . To;kl5cf]dfg / xªsª;“u v]Ng]5 .

k|d'v 5gf }6stf { ljhozdf{sf cg';f/ o; k6s klgg]kfn g} pkflwsf] k|d'v bfa]bf/xf] . ;Gt'lnt l6d g} g]kfnsf]ljhosf] k|d'v cfwf/ x'g] zdf{sf]bfaL 5 . g]kfnsf] d'Vo k|ltåGåLckmuf lg:tfg x 'g ] cg 'd fgul/Psf] 5 .

Page 22: SAPTAHIK Nov. 23, 2007 gDa/ jfggDa/ jfghimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov. 23, 2007 /+ud~r Uofn/L @ Sof;]6 nfOe zf] j[if

x]d/fh 1jfnLåf/f sflGtk'/ klAns];G; -k|f=_ ln= sf nflu k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, sfof{no M sflGtk'/ sDKn]S;, ;'ljwfgu/, kf]=a=g++= ^)!(, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn, kmf]g g+= $$*)!)), km\ofS; M (&&–!–$$&)!&*,email:[email protected] btf{ g++= ((÷)%!÷%@, ;jf{lwsf/ M sflGtk'/ klAns];G; -k|f=_ln= ;“u ;'/lIFt k|aGw lgb]{zs M s}nfz l;/f]lxof, lgb]{zs M ljgf]b/fh 1jfnL, :jl:tsf l;/f]lxof, ;Dkfbs M ;'jf; 9sfn .

ebf} !$ @)^$ Aug. 31, 2007d+l;/ &, @)^$ Nov.23, 2007 @$clGtd kftf]

;a} g]kfnL tf/f x'g]

Anf:6 eof] Knfl6gd

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sf7df8f} +— emfkfsf tf/f

nS;d cfkm\gf] gfdsf] cufl8 g]kfnLyk]/ …g]kfnL tf/fÚ x'g] atfp“5g\ .ef]hk'/sf /fh ;fu/ cfkm"nfO{;+v'jf;ef, w/fg, ef]hk'/ cflb:yfgsf k |z +;s tyfz'elrGtsx¿n] P;PdP; u/]/lhtfp“5g\ eGg] s'/fdf ljZj:t5g\ . kf]v/fsf o'j/fh ltjf/Lcfkm"df lhTg] ;a} u'0f ePsf]dfuj{ u5{g\ . df]/ªsf ;"o{ls/0f nfdfdf]/ªjf;Lx¿n] ;xof]u u/]sf]v08df lhTg ] kSsf ePsf ];'gfp“5g\ . wflbªsf ;Gtf]if nfdfklg ufogsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;a}af6k|z+;f kfPsfn] cfkm" g]kfnL tf/fx'g] bfaL u5{g\ . o;sf] cy{ ;a}dfcfkm+} g]kfnL tf/f x'g] ljZjf; 5 .

ut z'qmaf/ k|;fl/t …Snf]hckg]kfnL tf/f–@Ú sf] >[+vnfaf6 af“sL/x]sL Psdfq dlxnf k|lt:kwL{/ f ] lhgf u '?ª k | lt:kwf {af6aflxl/Pkl5 ca af“sL /x]sf kf“rhgf k'?if k|lt:kwL{dWo]af6 Pshgf k'?if g} bf];|f] g]kfnL tf/f x'g]kSsf 5 . tf/f nS;d eG5g\– …dclxn];Dd 8]Gh/ hf]gdf k/]sf] 5}g .To;}n] cfufdL lbgdf klg d cl3

a9\b} hfG5' eGg] ljZjf; 5 .Ú;Gtf]if nfdf eg] u'gf;f] ub}{ eG5g\–…d]/f] ynf] wflbª ufp“ g} ufp“n]el/Psf] 5 . hxf“ w]/}n] df]afOnaf]Sb}gg\ / w]/}h;f] :yfgdf t6]lnlehg g} x]l/“b}g . df]afOnaf]s]sfx¿nfO{ klg g]6js{sf];d:of 5 . To; }n ] d }n ]kfpg'kg]{hlt dt kfO/x]sf] 5}g .Ú:6fOln; o'j/fh ltjf/Ln] eg]– …d}n]lhTg ;Sg] ;Defjgf w]/} 5, lsglsd;“u cfTdljZjf; 5 . ;"o{ls/0fnfdfsf] egfO 5— …;a}df lhTg]

cfTdljZjf; 5, t/ ;a}n] lhTb}gg\ .s''g} Ps hgf g]kfnL tf/f aG5 .Tof] d} x'“ ls h:tf] nfU5 .Ú /fh;fu/k|lt:kwf{ tLj| ePsf] atfp“b} eG5g\–…xfdL ;w}+ of] ;ftf sf] aflxl/g] xf]eGg] lrGtfdf x'G5f}+ . 6k kmfOedfk'u]kl5 Tof] lrGtf cem a9]sf] 5 .Úcfh /f lt *M$) df g ]kfn6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] …Snf]hckg]kfnL tf/f–@Ú af6 kf“rdWo] Pshgf k|lt:kwL{ aflxl/g]5g\ /csf] { ;ftfsf nflu rf/ hgfdfq} af“sL /xg]5g\ .

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sf7df8f}+– ut zlgaf/ Sna

Knfl6gddf ;f+uLlts lj:kmf]6 eof] .l8h] ¿k]z tyf l8h] t]lGhªn] /fltcf7 ah]b]lv emG8} laxfg;Ddkfn}kfnf] Pskl5 csf]{ …8fG; gDa/Úahfp“b } /ft s6fpg tNnLg…kf6L{r/fx¿ÚnfO{ grfO/x] . /ftel/gfRg]x¿sf nflu clxn] ofs PG8olt xf]6n kl/;/df /x]sf] SnaKnfl6gd ultnf] uGtJo ag]sf] 5 .k'gM;~rfngdf NofOPotf k|foMz'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ pQm Snadfljz]if 8fG;kf6L{ cfof]lht x'“b}cfPsf ] 5 . zlgaf/ klghfjnfv]nl:yt b'jfn u| 'k tyf6 \of6 ' xfp;sf ] cfof ]hgfdf;DkGg pQm 8fG;kf6L{sf] zLif{sg } l yof ]– …gf ]e ]Da/ Anf:6–@))&Ú . /fhwfgLsf km];g]ano'jfo'jtLx¿sf] eL8 /x]sf] pQm8fG;kf6L{df ljleGg c+u|]hL, lxGbLtyf g]kfnL l/ldS; Pj+ kmf:6uLtx¿ ahfOPsf] lyof] .

w/fgdf km];g ;f]

d+l;/sf] ;'?jft;“u} a9]sf]dGb lr;f] clg v'nf cfsfzd'lgsf]¥ofDkdf kf/bzL { k lx/gdflgl:sPsf df]8nx¿sf] Sof6jfs;“u}bz{sx¿ pQ]lht eP . ;'Gb/o 'jtLx¿ cfsif {s klx/gdfkfn}kfnf] Sof6jfs u/L jftfj/0f

ttfp“b} uP . km];g tyf OG6]l/o/l8hfOg;DaGwL SofDk; :yfkgfePsf] v'l;ofnLdf ;f]daf/ a]n'sfw/fgdf ePsf] km];g ;f]sf] jftfj/0fo:t} lyof] .

km];g / OG6]l/o/ l8hfOgsf]k |j L0 ftf k |df0 fkq txb ] lv

:gftsf]Q/;Dd cWoog u/fpg]p2]Zon] w/fgdf :yfkgf ul/Psf]e]nf]l;6L :s'nsf] pb\3f6g ug{ef/t bfhL{lnªaf6 cfPsL ld;OlG8of cy{– @))$ Hof]lt a|flx\dgsfo{qmdsL d'Vo cfsif{0f lyOg\ .

ef/tsf ] klZrd a +ufnl;lnu'8Ldf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /x]sf]e]nf]l;6Ln] w/fgdf cfÎgf] zfvf:yfkgf ub}{ Hof]ltnfO{ To;sf]pb\3f6gsf nflu lgDTofPsf] lyof] .:s'n pb\3f6gkl5 lgjf{0ff sG6«LSnadf cfof]lht km];g ;f]dfHof]ltn] g]kfnL efiffd} cfk"m klgg]kfnL ePsf] atfp“bf xn tfnLn]u'~hfodfg ePsf] lyof] . pQmcj;/df df]8nx¿sf] Sof6jfs;“u}snfsf/x¿n] uLt Pj+ g[To klgk|:t't u/]sf lyP .

e]nf]l;6Ldf jif{df ;o hgfdfq} ljBfyL{ k9fpg ;lsg] eP klg! xhf/ @ ;o w/fg] o'jfo'jtLn]kmf/d e/]sf ] lgb] {zs dx]Gb |>]i7 atfp“5g\ . Toxf“ cWoogu/ ]s fdWo ] &) k | ltztnfO {/f ]huf/L lbg] e]nf ]l;6L d'Vosfo f {no e f/tsf lgb ] {zs;Gtf]if ld>n] bfaL u/] . ld>sfcg ';f/ , e ]nf ] l;6Ln] w/fgdfa'l6s;d]t ;~rfng ug]{5 .

–sdn l/dfn

k|;+u sltko

ljqmd /fO{uPsf] dlxgf k"jL{ g]kfnsf]

vf + ]r elgg] ef ]hk'/, vf ]6fª,cf]vn9'Ëf, pbok'/ / ;+v'jf;eflhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]/ sd/]8 ;fO“nfn];f]leot o'lgel;{6L :yfkgf u/]5g\ .dflyNnf] txsf sd/]8x¿ o;sfefO; rfG;n/ / k|f]km];/x¿ ag]]5g\eg] To; e]usf k|z:t} ljBfyL{ pQmljZjljBfnodf egf{ eP5g\ .ljBfno k9 \b fk9 \b } o '4dfxf]ldPsfx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ Ps} k6sljZjljBfnosf] ljBfyL{sf ¿kdfkfp“bf v';L nfUg' :jfefljs xf] .k f6L {k + lQm / hg;d 'bfosf ];j {x f/ fjfbL j }1f lgs 1fg,

j|mflGtsf/L snf tyf ultzLnljZjf;df u'0ffTds hfu/0f Nofpg]p2]Zon] pQm o'lgel;{6Lsf] :yfkgfePsf] /x]5 . d'n'sdf If]qLo ¿kdfv'ln/x]sf ljZjljBfnox¿dfem o;k|sf/sf] gf}nf] /ftf] o'lgel;{6Ln]ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ b; lbgleq} l8u|Lsf];l6{lkms]6 lbP5 . a'h'{jf l8u|LdfkLPr8L ubf{ klg cfh{g ug{ g;Sg]1fg b; lbgsf] cWoogaf6} k|bfgul/Psf] bfaL klg ;DalGwtx¿sf] 5 .

jf:tjdf ;f]leot gfd dxfg\Oltxf; xf] . Oltxf;sf ;fy} Pp6fljrf/ klg xf] . o;sf] hudfcg]sf}+ j|mflGt eP . st} ;kmn

j|mflGt eP t st} c;kmn . g]kfnsf];Gbe{df ev{/} ;f]leot /fHosf]sNkgf ug{ yfn]sf sd/]8x¿nfO{t/fO{sf] ;d:ofn] To;sf] e/k"/rf]6 lbPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df kxf8]hghfltx¿sf] pu| hftLo ;+3Lo;+/rgfsf] ;f]rn] klg o;sf]cjwf/0fnfO{ Wj:t kf/]sf] 5 . xfd|f];Gbe {df /fhg } lts /fHosf ]sNkgfeGbf ;fdflhs j|mflGtsf]kxn klxnf] v'8\lsnf] x'g'kg] {b]lvG5 . cg]sf}+ k6s /fhg}ltskl/jt{g ePsf] xfd|f] b]zdf cax'g'kg]{ qmflGt ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{sj|mflGt g} xf] . blnt, hghflt, dlw;]tyf dlxnfx¿n] ha;Dd ;fdflhsGofo kfpg]5}gg\ ta;Dd h:tf];'s}kl/jt{gn] klg s'g} dxŒj g/fVg]lglZrt 5 . To;f] x'gfn] /fHosf]k|To]s If]qdf ;a} hfthflt Pj+efiffefifLx¿sf] kx'“r k'¥ofpg'cfhsf] klxnf] cfjZostf xf] .tyflk dfem ls/f“tdf v'n]sf] sd/]8;fO“nfsf] ;f]leot o'lgel;{6L / zfx8fOg ]:6Ln ] vf ]n ]sf ] lqe 'jgo'lgel;{6Ln] lbPsf] cg'ejdf Pp6f;dfgtf eg] 5, Tof] xf]— casf]g]kfn gof“ / ;a}sf] x'g}k5{ .

[email protected]

xªsªdf ‰ofn cfO8nlzj zdf{

kf]v/f– cd]l/sg cfO8n,OlG8og cfO8n / g]kfnL tf/fsf]k|efj xªsªdf a;f]af; ug] {g]kfnLx¿dfem klg k/]]sf] 5 . o;}qmddf xªsªdf klxnf] k6skf]v/]nL em\ofn cfO8n g[Tok|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .lg0f f {ossf ] d "Nofª \sg tyfbz{sx¿sf] ef]l6ªsf cfwf/df ePsf]k|ltof]lutfdf :ofª\hfsL !! jifL{ofljlgtf u'?ª kf]v/]nL ‰ofn cfO8nag]sL l5g\ . k | ltof ] lutfel/bz{ssf] jfxL–jfxL / tfnL kfPsLljlgtfsf cltl/Qm km:6 /g/ckcg' u'?ª, ;]s]G8 /g/ck ;agdu '?ªnfO { k | fof ]hs tyflg0ff{osx¿n] gub k'/:sf/ tyfk|df0f kq ljt/0f u/]sf lyP .

d+sL lxndf bz{sx¿sf] 7"nf]pkl:yltaLr;DkGg pStk|ltof]lutf ljut tLg jif{b]lvljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy kf]v/]nL‰ofn sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf k|:t't x'“b}cfPsf] lyof] . kl/ro /fpG8 /g[To k|:t'ltsf cfwf/df lg0ff{osn]6k kmfOesf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .k|ltof]uLnfO{ Ps g[To g]kfnL;+:s[lt emlNsg] tyf bf];|f] g[TolghL 5gf}6sf uLtdf g[To ug]{df }sf k |bfg ul/Psf ] lyof ] .cfof]hsn] bz{sx¿nfO{ cfkm"nfO{dg k/]sf k|lt:kwL{nfO{ ef]6 xfNg;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfPsf lyP .bz{sn] 6k kmfOesf gfd / gDa/c+lst aS;df xªsª 8n/ v;fn]/dt xfn]sf lyP . % 8n/ a/fa/! dt u0fgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo {qmddf afnsnfsf/df]gfdL k'g tyf xªsªsL rlr{t8fG;/ ;'gLtf lxtfªn] ck|ltof]uLg[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddfk|yd kf]v/]nL ‰ofn cfO8nk|ltof]lutfafx]s af/aLSo' kf6L{,lrqsnf k|bz{gL, 8f ]/L tfGg]k|ltof]lutf tyf l8h] ;];g;d]t

;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddfkf]v/f n]s;fO8sf #% jifL {osnfsf/ xl/k|;fb u'?ªåf/f jf6/sn/ k|of]u u/L l;h{gf ul/Psfg]kfnsf k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ emNsg]lrqx¿sf ;fy} zflGtsf cu|b"tuf}td a'4, Pl;og d"nsf dlxnftyf afnaflnsfx¿sf kf]6]«6x¿k|bz{gLdf /flvPsf lyP .

ssgLdf r+uf r]6ssgL— g'jfsf]6sf] ssgLdf

klxnf] k6s r¨f r]6 k|ltof]lutf;DkGg ePsf] 5 . tf/fufp“ l/;f]6{sf]k|f¨0fdf ePsf] k|ltof]lutfdfg'jfsf]6 / sf7df8f}+sf u/L @# hgfk|ltof]uLn] ;xeflutf hgfPsflyP . k|ltof]lutfdf ;Gtf]if kf7sk|yd, ldng kl/of/ låtLo tyf/f]zg yfkf t[tLo eP . lhNnfv]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt g'jfsf]6åf/fcfof]lht ssgL r¨f r]6– @)^$nfO{ g]kfn ko{6g af]8{n] k|j4{gu/]sf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutf:yndf:yfgLo pTkfbgsf @) j6f :6n/flvPsf] lyof] . u'Gb| 's, l9+8f],:6«j]/Lsf] jfOg, d'nf cflb :yfgLopTkfbgsf :6nn] ;df/f]xdf cfsif{0fyk]sf lyP .

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