lessons learned from past notable disasters part ii a– pakistan’s earthquakes

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

PART II A– PAKISTAN’S EARTHQUAKES

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN

EARTHQUAKES

CYCLONES

FLOODS

LANDSLIDES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST

DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE

OCTOBER 8, 2005 PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE

KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE

8:50 AM OCTOBER 8, 2005M7.6

10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH79,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN;

1,400 IN INDIACOLLAPSED SCHOOLS AND

HOSPITALS3 MILLION HOMELESS

THE SEVERITY OF THE KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE

DAMAGE WAS RELATED TO ITS MAGNITUDE, SHALLOW DEPTH,

SOIL AMPLIFICATION, AND POOR BUILDING MATERIALS AND

CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES

PAKISTAN PAKISTAN COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

PAKISTAN PAKISTAN COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

EARTHQUAKE RISK EARTHQUAKE RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT

EARTHQUAKES

EARTHQUAKES LIKE THE 2005 QUAKE OCCUR MAINLY AS A RESULT OF

INTERACTIONS OF THE INDO-AUS-TRALIAN AND INDIAN (EURASIAN)

PLATES

OCCURRENCE

• The earthquake occurred in the Main Boundary Thrust Zone (MBTZ), which runs along the Himalayan Arc for about 2,500 km.

• The epicenter was near Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.

OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE

• Experts believe that the October 8th earthquake released only about 10 percent of the accumulated strain energy.

COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES

COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE STRONG GROUND MOTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

GROUND SHAKING MAP

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

SOIL AMPLIFICATION

PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND

FAILURE)

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP

POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

ISLAMABAD

MUZARAFFABAD

BALAKOT

BALAKOT

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

MUZAFFARABAD (LANDSLIDE)

JAMMU, INDIA

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

ISLAMABAD

ISLAMABAD

MUZAFFARABAD

MUZAFFARABAD

LAHORE

BALAKOT

KASHMIR

AFGHANISTAN

MUZAFFARABAD FOOD LINE

URI, INDIA

URI, INDIA

JABALA, INDIA

RELIEF FROM USAID

FOOD FROM CHINA

FOOD DISTRIBUTION

FOOD DISTRIBUTION

KAMAL KOT, INDIA

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - - TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - -

• ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.

• ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.

LONG-TERM NEEDS OF PAKISTAN

• NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

• NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

• NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

• NEED: NEW INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE

STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE

• CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS

• EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS

• EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS

• EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

• CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS

• EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS

• EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS

• EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

• MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS

• MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE

• STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

• EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

• MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS

• MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE

• STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

• EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

STARTING POINTS STARTING POINTS

• IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH

• LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER

• IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH

• LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER

• GROUND SHAKING MAPS

• INFORMATION• EDUCATIONAL

SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS

• GROUND SHAKING MAPS

• INFORMATION• EDUCATIONAL

SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS