LESSONS FROM PAST LESSONS FROM PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESNOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

PART VIPART VI

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

PAST NOTABLE PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

HAITIHAITI

JANUARY 12, 2010JANUARY 12, 2010

A A MEGA-DISASTERMEGA-DISASTER that lingered on that lingered on

EARTHQAKES ARE EARTHQAKES ARE DYNAMIC DYNAMIC LABORATORIESLABORATORIES FOR FOR

LEARNING AND CATALYSTS LEARNING AND CATALYSTS FOR FOR BUILDING CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY

FOR FOR DISASTER-INTELLIGENT DISASTER-INTELLIGENT & DISASTER-RESILIENT & DISASTER-RESILIENT

COMMUNITESCOMMUNITES

OCCURRENCEOCCURRENCE

PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION PEOPLE IN A NATION OF 9 MILLIONPEOPLE IN A NATION OF 9 MILLION

THE M7.0 HAITI THE M7.0 HAITI EARTHQUAKE: JAN 12EARTHQUAKE: JAN 12

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

SOIL AMPLIFICATION

PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND

FAILURE)

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES

LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

THE DEADLIEST DISASTER OF 2010 THE DEADLIEST DISASTER OF 2010 OCCURRED ON JANUARY 12TH OCCURRED ON JANUARY 12TH

• M7.0 M7.0 Haiti Earthquake that killed Haiti Earthquake that killed 230,000+, largely because of the 230,000+, largely because of the inadequacy of the building codeinadequacy of the building code, left , left over 1 million homeless and jobless over 1 million homeless and jobless survivors stuck in tent cities facing a survivors stuck in tent cities facing a hurricane hurricane (Tomas)(Tomas), cholera outbreak, , cholera outbreak, and health-care problems for the next and health-care problems for the next three years.three years.

IMPACTS IMPACTS

BUILDINGSBUILDINGS

LESSONS LEARNED FOR LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL NOTABLE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

PREPAREDNESS PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR PLANNING FOR THE THE INEVITABLE INEVITABLE STRONG GROUND STRONG GROUND MOTION MOTION IS IS ESSENTIAL FOR ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.RESILIENCE.

DISTRIBUTION OF DAMAGEDISTRIBUTION OF DAMAGE

LESSONS LEARNED FOR LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL NOTABLE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

PROTECTION OF PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCERESILIENCE..

PORT AU PRINCE: A PORT AU PRINCE: A PROTECTION FAILUREPROTECTION FAILURE

EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE: PORT EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE: PORT AU PRINCEAU PRINCE

COLLAPSE OF UN BUILDING: COLLAPSE OF UN BUILDING: PORT AU PRINCEPORT AU PRINCE

PRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PROTECTION NIGHTMAREPROTECTION NIGHTMAREPRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PROTECTION NIGHTMAREPROTECTION NIGHTMARE

COLLAPSE OF NATIONAL CATHED-COLLAPSE OF NATIONAL CATHED-RAL: AN EMOTIONAL NIGHTMARERAL: AN EMOTIONAL NIGHTMARE

COLLAPSE OF SUPER MARKET: COLLAPSE OF SUPER MARKET: AN EMOTIONAL NIGHTMAREAN EMOTIONAL NIGHTMARE

LESSONS LEARNED FOR LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL NOTABLE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

PREPAREDNESS PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR PLANNING FOR THE THE INEVITABLE INEVITABLE GROUND FAILURE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.RESILIENCE.

AERIAL VIEW AFTER AERIAL VIEW AFTER LANDSLIDELANDSLIDE

DAMAGED ROADDAMAGED ROAD

PORT: TOPPLED CONTAINERSPORT: TOPPLED CONTAINERS

PRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PROTECTION NIGHTMAREPROTECTION NIGHTMAREPRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PRESIDENTIAL PALACE: A PROTECTION NIGHTMAREPROTECTION NIGHTMARE

DISRUPTION OF DISRUPTION OF THE CENTRAL THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT IMPACTS IMPACTS EMERGENCY EMERGENCY RESPONSE RESPONSE AND AND INCREASES THE INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF A LIKELIHOOD OF A DISASTERDISASTER..

LESSONS LEARNED FOR LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL NOTABLE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

CAPACITY FOR CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY EMERGENCY RESPONSE RESPONSE IS IS ESSENTIAL FOR ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY COMMUNITY RESILIENCERESILIENCE..

THE INEVITABLE FIRETHE INEVITABLE FIRE

EMERGENCY EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION

VOLUNTEERS SEARCHING VOLUNTEERS SEARCHING THE RUBBLE FOR SURVIVORSTHE RUBBLE FOR SURVIVORS

SEARCH AND RESCUESEARCH AND RESCUE

SEARCH AND RESCUE: PORT SEARCH AND RESCUE: PORT AU PRINCEAU PRINCE

CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL: CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL: SEARCH AND RESCUESEARCH AND RESCUE

SLEEPING IN THE STREETSLEEPING IN THE STREET

EVACUATION OF INJUREDEVACUATION OF INJURED

RED CROSS: EMERGENCY RED CROSS: EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCEMEDICAL ASSISTANCE

EVACUATING HOMELESS EVACUATING HOMELESS SURVIVORS SURVIVORS

EVACUATING HOMELESS EVACUATING HOMELESS SURVIVORS SURVIVORS

HAITIAN SEARCH AND HAITIAN SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMRESCUE TEAM

INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE: INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE: HOSPITAL SHIP “CONFORT”HOSPITAL SHIP “CONFORT”

USA CARRIER CARL VINSON USA CARRIER CARL VINSON ARRIVES ARRIVES

SEARCH AND RESCUE: SEARCH AND RESCUE: VENEZUELAN TEAMVENEZUELAN TEAM

SEARCH AND RESCUE: SEARCH AND RESCUE: SPANISH TEAMSPANISH TEAM

SEARCH AND RESCUE: SEARCH AND RESCUE: TAIWAN’S TEAMTAIWAN’S TEAM

SEARCH AND RESCUE: SEARCH AND RESCUE: FRENCH TEAMFRENCH TEAM

A LIVE RESCUE: FRENCH A LIVE RESCUE: FRENCH TEAMTEAM

A RESCUE AT THE A RESCUE AT THE UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM: SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM: USA—LOS ANGELES FIRE DEPT.USA—LOS ANGELES FIRE DEPT.

DEBRIS REMOVAL BEGINS: DEBRIS REMOVAL BEGINS: JANUARY 26 JANUARY 26

TEMPORARY SHELTER: A TEMPORARY SHELTER: A SOCCOR FIELDSOCCOR FIELD

A WATER LINEA WATER LINE

A TENT CITY AS TEMPORARY A TENT CITY AS TEMPORARY HOUSINGHOUSING

DAY OF MOURNING: DAY OF MOURNING: FEBRUARY 23, 2010FEBRUARY 23, 2010

DAY OF MOURNINGDAY OF MOURNING

LESSONS LEARNED FOR LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL NOTABLE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

CAPACITY FOR CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY COMMUNITY RESILIENCERESILIENCE..

RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION ARE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION ARE STILL UNDERWAY: JANUARY 12, 2013 STILL UNDERWAY: JANUARY 12, 2013

• A 3-YEAR MEGA-DISASTERA 3-YEAR MEGA-DISASTER, , The M7.0 The M7.0 earthquake, whichearthquake, which killed 230,000+, largely killed 230,000+, largely because of the inadequacy of the because of the inadequacy of the building codebuilding code, left over 1 million , left over 1 million homeless and jobless survivors stuck in homeless and jobless survivors stuck in tent cities facing annual hurricanes tent cities facing annual hurricanes (e.g., Tomas)(e.g., Tomas), and coping with a cholera , and coping with a cholera outbreak, and health-care problems.outbreak, and health-care problems.

AFTER 3 YEARS; THE SOLUTION IS AFTER 3 YEARS; THE SOLUTION IS NOT YETNOT YET ON THE BLACKBOARD ON THE BLACKBOARD