absceso cerebral como complicación de sepsis neonatal

6
8/19/2019 Absceso cerebral como complicación de sepsis neonatal http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/absceso-cerebral-como-complicacion-de-sepsis-neonatal 1/6 CEREBRAL ABSCESS AS A COMPLICATION OF N ON T L SEPSIS BY N. R. BUTLER H. BARRIE and K. W. E. PAINE From The Hospitalfor Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London (RECEIVED FO R PUBLICATION APRIL 16, 1957) Our reason for reporting two cases of cerebral abscess secondary to neonatal sepsis is the apparent rarity with which this complication occurs when the relatively high incidence of infection in the newborn period is considered. Crosse and Macintosh  1953) found that 10 of babies delivered at home and 14 of those delivered in hospital developed infec- tions in the first 10 days of life; yet only four examples of this complication appear to have been described so far. The only reported survival was described by Farley  1949) in a baby whose illness began with a small boil on the face. This was followed by thrombophlebitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and eventually a very large abscess in the left frontal lobe. Johnson, Elmore and Adams  1953) reported three cases, all of which died and in all of which a maternal respiratory infection was thought to be the source of infection. Holt  1898) reviewed 32 cases of cerebral abscess in children, five of whom were under the age of 5 months, but in none of these was the infection connected with neonatal sepsis. On e of Sandford s two cases  1928) was probably an example, although he did not claim it as such. Since attention has focused on neonatal sepsis only relatively recently, it may well be that its association with the develop- ment of severe infections in later months has not been recognized in the past. Case Reports Case 1. Jacqueline E., an 8-week-old infant, was admitted in April, 1956, with failure to thrive. She had vomited intermittently from birth and her weight gain had averaged less than 2 oz. per week. Both the pregnancy and labour were normal and she was born at home weighing 7 lb. 12 oz. There was difficulty in feeding her until the third day, when she vomited some reddish-black material. However, melaena was absent and breast feeding was soon satisfactorily established. Septic spots appeared on the left side of the face during the first few days and at the end of the first week; the left thumb became red and swollen; she became ill and lost I lb. in weight. The thumb was incised by the general practitioner and a course of intramuscular penicillin was prescribed. She appeared to make a good recovery but at the age of 3 weeks she again became acutely ill with vomiting, fever and weight loss, necessitating admission to a local hospital. There she was found to have an erysipeloid eruption of the left thigh which responded to further intramuscular peni- cillin. However, pyrexia recurred with looseness of the stools, and her general condition again deteriorated and she became dehydrated. Improvement began after a course of tetracycline, but the baby was taken home against medical advice. Her progress at home was not satisfactory; feeding was difficult and weight gain was exceedingly slow. Inevitably, experiments were made in varying the type and quantity of the feeds without benefit. She was admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children (under the care of Dr. Wilfrid Sheldon), as vomiting had recurred for the previous five days and her general condition was deteriorating. She had had no fits or focal neurological symptoms at any time before admission. The father, mother and three siblings were healthy, but the mother had suffered from a febrile upper respiratory tract infection at the time of the present infant s delivery and a sibling developed acute tonsillitis a few days later. On admission the child looked pale and ill; the temperature was 1020 F., the pulse 138 per minute and the respirations 30 per minute. The cry was vigorous and not high-pitched. The anterior fontanelle was tense, though not bulging, and the skull circum- ference was 14j in. There was no nuchal rigidity, and the limbs were hypotonic. The retinal veins were full but there were no retinal haemorrhages and papilloedema was absent. There was no sign of any primary septic lesion. The liver and spleen were not enlarged and there were no skin haemorrhages.  catheter specimen of urine was normal. The haemoglobin was 53 (7-84 g.) per 100 ml. and the total leucocytes 16,400 per c.mm.  neutrophils 7 3 ; lympho- cytes 27 ). Electrophoresis of serum protein showed no deficiency of gamma globulin.  subdural haematoma was suspected and bilateral subdural taps were therefore attempted on the day of admission. Whilst no fluid collection was encountered on the right side, the left side yielded 60 ml. of thick 461 group.bmj.com on November 13, 2015 - Published by http://adc.bmj.com/ Downloaded from 

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Page 1: Absceso cerebral como complicación de sepsis neonatal

8/19/2019 Absceso cerebral como complicación de sepsis neonatal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/absceso-cerebral-como-complicacion-de-sepsis-neonatal 1/6

CEREBRAL ABSCESS

AS

A

COMPLICATION

OF

N ON T L

SEPSIS

BY

N .

R . BUTLER

H .

BARRIE a n d

K . W.

E .

PAINE

From

T h e H o s p i t al f o r S i c k

C h i l d r e n ,

G r e a t

Ormond

S t r e e t ,

L o n d o n

( R E C E I V E D

FOR

PUBLICATION APRIL

1 6 ,

1 9 5 7 )

O u r

r e a s o n

f o r

r e p o r t i n g

two c a s e s o f c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

s e c o n d a r y

t o

n e o n a t a l

s e p s i s

i s

t h e

a p p a r e n t

r a r i t y

w i t h w h i c h t h i s

c o m p l i c a t i o n

o c c u r s w h e n

t h e

r e l a t i v e l y h i g h

i n c i d e n c e

o f i n f e c t i o n

i n

t h e

n e w b o r n

p e r i o d

i s

c o n s i d e r e d . C r o s s e a n d

M a c i n t o s h

  1 9 5 3 )

f o u n d t h a t

10

o f b a b i e s

d e l i v e r e d

a t

home a n d

14

o f

t h o s e

d e l i v e r e d

i n

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t i o n s

i n

t h e

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d a y s

o f

l i f e ;

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e x a m p l e s

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t o

h a v e b e e n

d e s c r i b e d

s o

f a r . T h e

o n l y r e p o r t e d

s u r v i v a l

was

d e s c r i b e d

b y F a r l e y   1 9 4 9 )

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b a b y

w h o s e

i l l n e s s

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s m a l l b o i l on

t h e f a c e .

T h i s

was

f o l l o w e d

b y

t h r o m b o p h l e b i t i s ,

c a v e r n o u s

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a n d e v e n t u a l l y

a

v e r y l a r g e

a b s c e s s

i n

t h e l e f t

f r o n t a l

l o b e .

J o h n s o n ,

E l m o r e

a n d

Adams

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c a s e s ,

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b u t

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f e e d i n g

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a p p e a r e d

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t h e

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w e e k ;

t h e

l e f t

t h u m b

b e c a m e

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a n d

l o s t

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w e i g h t .

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p r a c t i t i o n e r a n d

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c o u r s e

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w i t h

v o m i t i n g , f e v e r

a n d w e i g h t

l o s s , n e c e s s i t a t i n g

a d m i s s i o n t o

a l o c a l h o s p i t a l .

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s h e

w a s f o un d t o

h av e a n

e r y s i p e l o i d

e r u p t i o n o f t h e l e f t

t h i g h

w h i c h r e s p o n d e d

t o

f u r t h e r

i n t r a m u s c u l a r

p e n i -

c i l l i n .

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l o o s e n e s s o f t h e

s t o o l s , a n d h e r

g e n e r a l

c o n d i t i o n

a g a i n

d e t e r i o r a t e d

a n d

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b e c a m e

d e h y d r a t e d .

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a f t e r

a

c o u r s e

o f

t e t r a c y c l i n e , b u t t h e b a b y

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t a k e n

home

a g a i n s t m e d i c a l a d v i c e .

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p r o g r e s s a t

home w a s n o t

s a t i s f a c t o r y ;

f e e d i n g w a s

d i f f i c u l t a n d

w e i g h t g a i n

w a s

e x c e e d i n g l y

s l o w .

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e x p e r i m e n t s

w e r e

made

i n

v a r y i n g

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a n d

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t h e

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b e n e f i t .

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a d m i t t e d

t o T h e

H o s p i t a l

f o r S i c k

C h i l d r e n

( u n d e r t h e

c a r e

o f

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W i l f r i d

S h e l d o n ) , a s

v o m i t i n g

h a d

r e c u r r e d

f o r

t h e

p r e v i o u s

f i v e

d a y s a n d h e r

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c o n d i t i o n w a s

d e t e r i o r a t i n g .

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h a d

n o f i t s

o r

f o c a l

n e u r o l o g i c a l

s y m p t o m s a t a n y t i m e

b e f o r e

a d m i s s i o n .

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f a t h e r ,

m o t h e r a n d

t h r e e

s i b l i n g s

w e r e

h e a l t h y ,

b u t t h e

m o t h e r

h a d s u f f e r e d f r o m

a f e b r i l e

u p p e r

r e s p i r a t o r y t r a c t i n f e c t i o n a t

t h e

t i m e o f t h e p r e s e n t

i n f a n t s

d e l i v e r y

a n d

a

s i b l i n g d e v e l o p e d a c u t e

t o n s i l l i t i s

a

f e w

d a y s

l a t e r .

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a d m i s s i o n t h e

c h i l d

l o o k e d

p a l e a n d

i l l ; t h e

t e m p e r a t u r e

w a s 1 0 2 0

F . ,

t h e

p u l s e 1 3 8

p e r

m i n u t e a n d

t h e

r e s p i r a t i o n s

3 0

p e r

m i n u t e . T h e c r y

w a s

v i g o r o u s

a n d n o t

h i g h - p i t c h e d .

T h e

a n t e r i o r

f o n t a n e l l e w a s

t e n s e , t h o u g h n o t

b u l g i n g , a n d t h e

s k u l l

c i r c u m -

f e r e n c e w a s 1 4 j i n .

T h e r e

w a s no

n u c h a l

r i g i d i t y ,

a n d

t h e l i m b s w e r e

h y p o t o n i c .

T h e

r e t i n a l

v e i n s w e r e f u l l

b u t

t h e r e

w e r e

n o r e t i n a l

h ae m o r r h a g e s a n d

p a p i l l o e d e m a

w a s

a b s e n t .

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w a s n o

s i g n

o f a n y

p r i m a r y s e p t i c

l e s i o n .

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l i v e r

a n d

s p l e e n

w e r e

n o t

e n l a r g e d

a n d

t h e r e

w e r e

n o

s k i n

h a e m o r r h a g e s .

 

c a t h e t e r

s p e c i m e n

o f

u r i n e w a s n o r m a l .

T h e

h a e m o g l o b i n

w a s 53

( 7 - 8 4 g . ) p e r

1 0 0 m l . a n d t h e

t o t a l

l e u c o c y t e s

1 6 , 4 0 0 p e r c . m m .

  n e u t r o p h i l s

7 3 ; l y m p h o -

c y t e s

2 7 ) . E l e c t r o p h o r e s i s

o f

s e r u m

p r o t e i n s h o w e d

n o d e f i c i e n c y o f

gamma g l o b u l i n .

 

s u b d u r a l

h a e m a t o m a w a s

s u s p e c t e d

a n d

b i l a t e r a l

s u b d u r a l

t a p s

w e r e

t h e r e f o r e

a t t e m p t e d o n

t h e

d a y

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a d m i s s i o n .

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c o l l e c t i o n

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e n c o u n t e r e d

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group.bmj.comon November 13, 2015 - Published by http://adc.bmj.com/ Downloaded from 

Page 2: Absceso cerebral como complicación de sepsis neonatal

8/19/2019 Absceso cerebral como complicación de sepsis neonatal

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/absceso-cerebral-como-complicacion-de-sepsis-neonatal 2/6

ARCHIVES

OF

DISEASE IN

CHILDHOOD

F I G .

1 . - S k u l l p l a t e o f C a s e

1

s h o w i n g t h e a b s c e s s c a v i t y

o u t l i n e d

by

t h o r o t r a s t

and

a i r .

y e l l o w

p u s f r o m

w h i c h

n o n - h a e m o l y t i c s t r e p t o c o c c i

w e r e

r e a d i l y c u l t u r e d .

T h i s o r g a n i s m w a s

s e n s i t i v e t o a l l

a n t i b i o t i c s .

I n t r a m u s c u l a r

p e n i c i l l i n w a s

g i v e n

i n i t i a l l y

a n d

w a s

f o l l o w e d b y a c o u r s e

o f c h l o r a m p h e n i c o l

f o r t h e

f i r s t

w e e k .

T h e f o l l o w i n g

d a y

a f u r t h e r

6 0 m l . o f

p u s

w e r e

a s p i r a t e d ,

w h i c h a g a i n y i e l d e d

t h e s a m e

o r g a n i s m .

 

b l o o d t r a n s f u s i o n w a s

g i v e n w h i c h r a i s e d

t h e h a e m o -

g l o b i n l e v e l t o

96 1 4 - 2 1 g . ) p e r

1 0 0 m l .

A s p i r a t i o n o n

t h e

t h i r d d a y y i e l d e d 2 5

m l . o f p u s ,

now

n o t i c e a b l y

t h i n n e r . P l a i n

r a d i o g r ap h s o f

t h e

s k u l l s h o w e d o n l y

s l i g h t

w i d e n i n g

o f

t h e

s u t u r e s . T h e b a b y

w a s

t h e n

t r a n s f e r r e d

t o t h e

N e u r o s u r g i c a l

D e p a r t m e n t

u n d e r

t h e

c a r e

o f

M r . W y l i e

M c K i s s o c k . A f t e r

r a d i o g r a p h s f o l l o w -

i n g

a i r

r e p l ac e m en t o f t h e p u s t h e e x t e n t

o f t h e c a v i t y

s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e

a b s c e s s l a y i n

t h e

l e f t f r o n t a l

l o b e

r a t h e r t h a n i n

t h e s u b d u r a l s p a c e . T h i s

w a s

c o n f i r m e d

t h e

f o l l o w i n g

d a y b y

o u t l i n i n g

t h e

c a v i t y w i t h

t h o r o t r a s t

a n d

a i r

  F i g .

1 .

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a s p i r a t i o n

w a s

c a r r i e d o u t

w i t h

i n s t i l l a t i o n

o f

1 0 , 0 0 0 u n i t s o f

c r y s t a l l i n e

p e n c i l l i n a n d 5 0

m g .

s t r e p t o m y c i n .

G r a d u a l l y

t h e

q u a n t i t y

o f

p u s

d i m i n i s h e d

a n d i t

b e c a m e l e s s

v i s c o u s .

A f t e r

1 9

d a y s t r e a t m e n t n o

o r g a n i s m s c o ul d b e s e e n i n

t h e

s t a i n e d

s m e a r

a n d

c u l t u r e

w a s

s t e r i l e .

T h e

r e l a t i v e l y

l o n g t i me n e e d e d

t o a c h i e v e

t h i s

r e s u l t w a s

t h o u g h t

t o

b e

d u e

t o

t h e

f o r m a t i o n o f

l o c u l i i n

t h e a b s c e s s

c a v i t y ,

w h i c h

l e d t o t h e

r e c o v e r y

o f

t h i n

f l u i d o r t h i c k

p u s

d e p e n d i n g

o n w h i c h

p a r t

o f

t h e

c a v i t y w a s

a s p i r a t e d .

T h e

t e m p e r a t u r e

h a d

r e m a i n e d

n o r m a l

s i n c e

t h e

f i f t h d a y a n d p r o g r e s s

w i t h

r e g a r d

t o

f e e d i n g

h a d

b e e n

e q u a l l y s a t i s f a c t o r y ;

t h e

w e i g h t g a i n

e x c e ed ed a n

a v e r a g e

o f

1

o z .

p e r

d a y .

B y

t h e

2 7 t h

d a y

t h e

a b s c e s s

c a v i t y

h a d

s h r u n k

c o n s i d e r a b l y

  F i g .

2

b u t

f u r t h e r

a s p i r a t i o n

p r o d u c e d

no

i m p r o v e m e n t .

T h e r e f o r e ,

o n t h e 3 6 t h

d a y ,

a

l e f t f r o n t a l

l o b e c t o m y

w a s

c a r r i e d

o u t

u n d e r

g e n e r a l

a n a e s t h e s i a

b y

o n e

o f

u s

  K . W . E . P . ) .

T h e

f r o n t a l l o b e

w a s

f i r m

d u e

t o

g l i o s i s

a n d ,

a f t e r

r e m o v a l ,

s e c t i o n

o f t h e f r o n t a l

l o b e

s h o w e d

t h a t

t h e

s p e c i m e n

c o n s i s t e d o f

a b s c e s s

c a v i t y

s u r r o u n d e d

b y g l i o s e d

b r a i n ,

v e r y

l i t t l e

n o r m a l

b r a i n t i s s u e

h a v i n g

b e e n

r e m o v e d .

T h e i m m e d i a t e

p o s t - o p e r a t i v e

p e r i o d

w a s

c o m p l i c a t e d

b y

a

s e r i e s

o f f o c a l

f i t s

i n v o l v i n g

t h e

r i g h t

h a n d

on

t h e

e v e n i n g

a f t e r

o p e r a t i o n .

T h e f i t s

w e r e

e v e n t u a l l y

c o n -

t r o l l e d

b y p h e n o b a r b i t o n e

a n d t h e

o n l y

n e u r o l o g i c a l

s e q u e l

w a s a

m i l d

r i g h t

h e m i p a r e s i s , w h i c h

t h r e e

w e e k s

l a t e r w a s

b a r e l y n o t i c e a b l e . P y r e x i a

o f 1 0 0 t o 1 0 1 0

F . ,

a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h

c o l l a p s e

o f

t h e l e f t l o w e r

l o b e o f t h e

l u n g ,

o c c u r r e d

o n

t h e e v e n i ng o f

t h e s e c o n d

p o s t - o p e r a t i v e

d a y a n d

r e s o l v e d o n

t h e

f i f t h

d a y . P r o g r e s s w a s t h e r e -

a f t e r

u n e v e n t f u l ;

t h e

b a b y

r e m a i n e d a f e b r i l e a n d

t o o k

f e e d s

w i t h o u t

v o m i t i n g .

On

d i s c h a r g e , t h r e e

w e e k s a f t e r

o p e r a t i o n ,

h e r

g e n e r a l

c o n d i t i o n

w a s

e x c e l l e n t ,

t h e

f r o n t a l wound w a s

h e a l e d

a n d t h e f o n t a n e l l e

w a s s o f t .   m i n i m a l

r i g h t

h e m i p a r e s i s

w a s

s t i l l

p r e s e n t .

S h e

w a s r e - a d m i t t e d

t w o

w e e k s

l a t e r a s

t h e m o t h e r

h a d

n o t i c e d

t h a t

t h e f o n t a n e l l e w a s

b u l g i n g f o r t h e

p r e v i o u s

2 4

h o u r s . R a d i o g r a p h y a f t e r

a s p i r a t i o n o f f l u i d

f r o m

t h e

l e f t f r o n t a l

c a v i t y a n d a i r

r e p l a c e m e n t r e v e a l e d a

s u b -

d u r a l

c o l l e c t i o n o f f l u i d o n t h e

l e f t

s i d e c o v e r i n g

t h e

w h o l e

h e m i s p h e r e a n d

c o m m u n i c a t i n g

w i t h

t h e

v e n t r i c u l a r

s y s t e m

b y

a n

o p e n i n g

i n

t h e

l e f t

f r o n t a l h o r n . On

J u l y

2 5

a l e f t p a r i e t a l

c r a n i o t o m y w a s p e r f o r m e d

w h e n

t h e

f l u i d w a s e v a c u a t e d a n d t h e s u b d u r a l

m e m b r a n e s

r e m o v e d . T h e

s u b d u r a l s p a c e w a s o b l i t e r a t e d

b y

a l l o w i n g

t h e

d u r a

t o

c o l l a p s e

f r o m

t h e

s k u l l

o n

t o

t h e

u n d e r l y i n g

h e m i s p h e r e .

T h e c h i l d s i m m e d i a t e

r e c o v e r y w a s

s a t i s -

f a c t o r y b u t

s h e

d i e d

s u d d e n l y

t h a t

s a m e

e v e n i n g .  

n e c r o p s y f a i l e d t o r e v e a l

t h e

i m m e d i a t e

c a u s e o f

d e a t h

n o r

d i d

i t

r e v e a l

a n y o b s t r u c t i o n o f t h e

C . S . F . p a t h w a y s

a s a c a u s e

o f t h e s u b d u r a l c o l l e c t i o n

o f

f l u i d .

C a s e

2 . J o h n L . w a s a d m i t t e d

o n

Ma y 2 1 ,

1 9 5 3 , a t

t h e

a g e

o f

 

d a y s h a v i n g

h a d

c o n v u l s i o n s f o r t w o

d a y s .

T h e

p r e g n a n c y a n d l a b o u r

w e r e

b o t h

n o r m a l ,

a n d

t h e

b a b y s

b i r t h

w e i g h t

w a s

8

l b . 2 o z .

T h e

c o n d i t i o n

w a s

s a t i s f a c t o r y u n t i l

t h e

f o u r t h

d a y

w h e n

a b o i l

a p p e a r e d

o n t h e

r i g h t

s i d e

o f t h e h e a d .

T h i s w a s i n c i s e d

r e l e a s i n g

p u s a n d

g r a d u a l l y

d i s a p p e a r e d ,

b u t

b y

t h e 1 7 t h

d a y

a

s w e l l i n g

w a s

n o t i c e d o v e r

t h e

s k u l l i n

t h e

r i g h t p o s t e r i o r

p a r i e t a l r e g i o n . T h e

f o l l o w i n g d a y

c o n v u l s i v e

m o v e -

m e n t s b e g a n

i n

t h e

l e f t

l e g

a n d b e c a m e

g e n e r a l i z e d .

Lumbar p u n c t u r e

a t

a

l o c a l

h o s p i t a l y i e l d e d

c l o u d y

c e r e b r o s p i n a l

f l u i d

u n d e r n o r m a l

p r e s s u r e .

T h i s

c o n -

F i G .

2 . - S k u l l

p l a t e

o f

C a s e

1

s h o w i n g

t h e

e x t e n t o f

t h e a b s c e s s

c a v i t y

a f t e r

f o u r

w e e k s

t r e a t m e n t .

4 6 2

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CEREBRAL

ABSCESS AS

A

COMPLICATION

OF NEONATAL

SEPSIS

t a i n e d

1 , 4 0 0 l e u c o c y t e s p e r c . m m .

  n e u t r o p h i l s

5 2 ,

m o n o c y t e s

4 8 ) ,

1 8 0 m g .

p r o t e i n

p e r

1 0 0 m l .

a n d

4 5

m g .

s u g ar p e r

1 0 0 m l . w i t h n o

o r g a n i s m s

o n s t a i n e d

f i l m

o r c u l t u r e .

On t r a n s f e r t o t h e

N e u r o s u r g i c a l

D e p a r t m e n t

a t T h e

H o s p i t a l

f o r

S i c k

C h i l d r e n ,

G r e a t Ormond

S t r e e t ,

h i s

R a d i o g r a p h s o f

t h e

s k u l l

s h o w e d

p e r i o s t e a l

e l e v a t i o n

w i t h u nd e r l y i ng o s t e o p o r o s i s a t t h e s i t e o f t h e s w e l l i n g .

V e n t r i c u l o g r a p h y p e r f o r m e d

o n t h e d a y

o f

a d m i s s i o n

s h o w e d s l i g h t d i s p l a c e m e n t o f

t h e t h i r d v e n t r i c l e

t o t h e

l e f t

a n d d e p r e s s i o n o f t h e r o o f o f

t h e

p o s t e r i o r

p a r t

o f

t h e

r i g h t l a t e r a l

v e n t r i c l e , t h e

a p p e a r a n c e s

b e i n g

c o n -

F I G . 4 . - V e n t r i c u l o g r a m s

o f C a s e 2 s h o w i n g a l a r g e c a v i t y

i n

t h e

r i g h t

p a r i e t a l

r e g i o n ,

d i l a t a t i o n o f

t h e

a n t e r i o r h o r n s

o f

t h e

l a t e r a l

v e n t r i c l e s ,

a n d

t h e

i n t e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n .

 

l a r g e

a r e a

o f o s t e o m y e l i t i s

o f

t h e s k u l l

c a n a l s o

b e s e e n .

F I G .

3 . - R a d i o g r a p h

o f

t i b i a

o f C a s e

2 ,

s h o w i n g

o s t e o m y e l i t i s .

g e n e r a l

c o n d i t i o n

was

g o o d .

T h e a n t e r i o r f o n t a n e l l e

t e n s i o n

was

n o r m a l a n d t h e r e was

no

h e a d r e t r a c t i o n .

 

s m a l l

s c a b m a r k e d t h e

s i t e

o f

t h e

h e a l e d p u s t u l e i n t h e

r i g h t p a r i e t a l

r e g i o n

w h e r e

a s o f t

f l u c t u a n t

s w e l l i n g ,

3 cm .

i n

d i a m e t e r , was

p a l p a b l e .

The

o v e r l y i n g s k i n

was

n o r m a l b u t

t h e b o n e a t

t h e p e r i p h e r y

o f

t h e

s w e l l i n g

a p p e a r e d

t o

b e

e l e v a t e d . S p o n t a n e o u s

movements w e r e

d i m i n i s h e d

i n

t h e l e f t arm a n d l e g ,

w h i c h w e r e h y p e r t o n i c

w i t h

i n c r e a s e d t e n d o n

r e f l e x e s .

s i s t e n t

w i t h

a

r i g h t t e m p e r o - p a r i e t a l s p a c e - o c c u p y i n g

l e s i o n . C r a n i o t o m y

w a s

p e r f o r m e d

on

t h e

s a m e

d a y

w h e n

t h i c k

p u s

w a s

r e l e a s e d f r o m

a

s u b - p e r i o s t e a l

a b s c e s s ;

r e m o v a l

o f

t h e i n f e c t e d

p a r t

o f

t h e

c a l v a r i u m

r e v e a l e d

a n

u n d e r l y i n g

e x t r a d u r a l a b s c e s s w i t h

a n

i n t r a c e r e b r a l

e x t e n s i o n .

C a t h e t e r s

w e r e

i n s e r t e d

i n t o t h e

e x t r a d u r a l

s p a c e

a n d

f o u r - h o u r l y

i n s t i l l a t i o n s o f

p e n i c i l l i n

b e g u n .

T h e

o r g a n i s m

i s o l a t e d f r o m

t h e

p u s p r o v e d

t o

b e a

c o a g u l a s e - p o s i t i v e s t a p h y l o c o c c u s ,

s e n s i t i v e t o

p e n i c i l l i n

a n d

s t r e p t o m y c i n

b o t h

o f

w h i c h

w e r e

g i v e n

i n t r a -

m u s c u l a r l y

i n

l a r g e

d o s e s .

T h e

b a b y s

g e n e r a l

c o n d i t i o n

i m p r o v e d

a n d

t h e

f r e q u e n c y

o f

t h e

c o n v u l s i o n s

d i m i n i s h e d .

On t h e

2 8 t h

d a y

o f

l i f e h o w e v e r ,

a n

a r e a

4 6 3

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ARCHIVES OF

DISEASE

IN CHILDHOOD

o f

c e l l u l i t i s

a p p e a r e d

i n t h e l e f t

l e g

w h e r e

i n t r a v e n o u s

f l u i d s

h a d

b e e n

g i v e n ,

a n d a

w e e k

l a t e r

a n a b s c e s s

had

l o c a l i z e d ,

f r o m w h i c h

a

c o a g u l a s e - p o s i t i v e

s t a p h y l o c o c c u s

w

a g a i n

i s o l a t e d .

The

d o s a g e

o f

p e n i c i l l i n

w a s

i n c r e a s e d

t o

1

m i l l i o n u n i t s f o u r - h o u r l y

a n d t h e

s t r e p t o m y c i n

w a s

c h a n g e d

t o

0

2 5

g .

f o u r - h o u r l y

o f

s u l p h a f u r a z o l e

t o

w h i c h

t h e

o r g a n i s m

was

a l s o

s e n s i t i v e i n

v i t r o .

H o w e v e r ,

t h i s

i n f e c t i o n s u b s e q u e n t l y p r o g r e s s e d

t o f r a n k

o s t e o -

m y e l i t i s

o f t h e

t i b i a

  F i g .

3 ) .

T h e s c a l p

wound

h e a l e d

s a t i s f a c t o r i l y ,

b u t a

r a d i o g r a p h

o f t h e

s k u l l

t a k e n on

t h e

3 4 t h

d a y

o f l i f e showed

e x t e n s i v e

b o n e

e r o s i o n

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

o f

o s t e o m y e l i t i s .

  s e c o n d

o p e r a t i o n

was

p e r f o r m e d

f i v e

d a y s

l a t e r

w he n t h e a f f e c t e d

b o n e w a s

r o n g e u r e d

a w a y

and

s e q u e s t r a

w ere

r e m o v e d .

D a i l y

l u m b a r

p u n c t u r e s

w e r e

done

t o

r e d u c e

b r a i n

h e r n i a t i o n ,

a n d , a l t h o u g h

t h e

c e r e b r o s p i n a l

f l u i d was

s t e r i l e ,

i t

s t i l l

c o n t a i n e d

a n

excess

o f

l e u c o c y t e s

and

p r o t e i n .

F o r

t h e n e x t

t h r e e

w e e k s

t h e i n f a n t

v o m i t e d

a t

i n t e r v a l s

a n d

d i d

n o t

g a i n

w e i g h t .

Th e

l e f t

arm and

l e g

r e m a i n e d

s p a s t i c .

On t h e 6 4 t h d a y

o f

l i f e

t h e

c o n v u l s i o n s

b e g a n a g a i n

a n d v e n t r i c u l o g r a p h y

was

r e p e a t e d .

S y m m e t r i c a l

d i l a t a t i o n

o f

t h e

a n t e r i o r

h o r n s

o f

t h e

l a t e r a l

v e n t r i c l e s

was d e m o n s t r a t e d

a n d a i r

was shown

t o

p a s s

i n t o

a

c a v i t y

i n

t h e

r i g h t

p a r i e t a l r e g i o n

w h i c h communicated

f r e e l y

w i t h t h e

r i g h t

l a t e r a l

v e n t r i c l e

  F i g . 4 ) .

The

b a b y s

g e n e r a l

c o n d i t i o n

g r a d u a l l y

d e t e r i o r a t e d a f t e r

t h i s ;

s t a p h y l o c o c c i

a p p e a r e d

i n

t h e

v e n t r i c u l a r

f l u i d and

s p i n a l

f l u i d ,

a n d h e d i e d

on

A u g u s t 4 ,

1 9 5 3 ,

a g e d

1 3 w e e k s and

5

d a y s .

D r .

M a r t i n

B o d i a n a t

necropsy

c o n f i r m e d

t h e

p r e s e n c e

o f a l a r g e

c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

i n

t h e

r i g h t p a r i e t a l

l o b e w h i c h

h a d r u p t u r e d

i n t o

t h e

v e n t r i c l e .

T h e r e w

a l s o o s t e o -

m y e l i t i s

o f

t h e

s k u l l

a n d

t h e

l e f t

t i b i a .

T o x i c

c h a n g e s

w e r e

p r e s e n t

i n t h e

l i v e r ,

h e a r t

and

k i d n e y s ,

as w a s

a

t e r m i n a l

p u l m o n a r y

o e d e m a .

D i s c u s s i o n

S p r e a d

o f i n f e c t i o n

t o

t h e

b r ai n f o l l o w s

w e l l -

r e c o g n i z e d

r o u t e s .

T h u s

C a s e

2 i s an

e x a m p l e

o f

d i r e c t

s p r e a d

f r o m

l o c a l

o s t e o m y e l i t i s .

From

s e p t i c

l e s i o n s

o f

t h e f a c e t h e i n f e c t i o n

may

r e a c h t h e

b r a i n

v i a

t h e

e m i s s a r y

v e i n s and

t h e

cave r no u s

s i n u s

  F a r l e y ,

1 9 4 9 ) .

 

b l o o d - b o r n e

i n f e c t i o n

may

a l s o

b e

r e s p o n s i b l e ,

r e c o r d e d

p r i m a r y

l e s i o n s

i n c l u d i n g

p a r o n y c h i a ,

p n e u m o n i a

a n d

u m b i l i c a l

s e p s i s . Agam-

m a g l o b u l i n a e m i a

i s

a rare

cause

o f

w i d e s p r e a d

n e o n a t a l

i n f e c t i o n ,

b u t

t h e

gamma

g l o b u l i n

e s t i m a -

t i o n

d o n e

i n

o u r

C a s e

1

was

n o r m a l .

An

i n t e r e s t i n g

a s s o c i a t i o n

i s t h e

occurrence

o f

c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

a f t e r

s p l e n e c t o m y

( J o h n s o n

e t

a l . 1 9 5 3 ) .

A l t h o u g h

t h i s

was a s c r i b e d

t o i n f e c t i o n

o f an

i n t r a c e r e b r a l

haematoma

d u e

t o

t h r o m b o c y t o p e n i c p u r p u r a ,

an

i n c r e a s e d l i a b i l i t y

t o i n f e c t i o n

h a s b e e n

t h o u g h t

t o

f o l l o w

s p l e n e c t o m y   G o f s t e i n

and

G e l l i s , 1 9 5 6 ) .

Th e

s u s c e p t i b i l i t y

o f t h e

n e w b o r n i s

s u c h as

t o r e n d e r

t h e m

l i a b l e t o

i n f e c t i o n

b y

o r g a n i s m s

c o m m o n l y

r e g a r d e d

as

n o n - p a t h o g e n i c .

J o h n s o n

e t

a l .

  1 9 5 3 ) ,

who s t r e s s e d

t h e

d a n g e r

o f m a t e r n a l

i n f e c t i o n a t t h e

t i m e

o f

b i r t h ,

a d v o c a t e d

i m m e d i a t e p r o p h y l a c t i c

t r e a t m e n t w i t h a n t i b i o t i c s .

A l t h o u g h

t h e m o t h e r

o f C a s e 1 w a s n o t

t r e a t e d w i t h a n

a n t i b i o t i c , t h e

i n f a n t

w a s

g i v e n

i n t r a m u s c u l a r

p e n i c i l l i n

r e l a t i v e l y

e a r l y

f o r

a

m i n o r

i n f e c t i o n . M o r e o v e r ,

t h e r e s p o n s -

i b l e o r g a n i s m

w a s

a

n o n - h a e m o l y t i c

s t r e p t o c o c c u s

w h i c h ,

e v e n

i f

i t h a d

b e e n

i s o l a t e d

f r o m

t h e

m o t h e r ,

w o u l d

n o t

h a v e

e x c i t e d

a t t e n t i o n .

To a d d

t o

t h e o b v i o u s

d i f f i c u l t y

o f n e u r o -

l o g i c a l

l o c a l i z a t i o n a t t h i s a g e ,

t h e c l a s s i c a l s i g n s

o f

r a i s e d

i n t r a c r a n i a l

p r e s s u r e may b e

m i n i m a l o r

a b s e n t .

E v e n i f p r e s e n t ,

t h e c a u s e s

o f

v o m i t i n g

i n

i n f a n c y a r e

p r o t e a n a n d

c o n v u l s i o n s

m ay

b e

t h e n o n - s p e c i f i c

r e s p o n s e

t o f e v e r o f

a n y c a u s e .

I n

n e i t h e r

o f

o u r .

c a s e s w a s

t h e

h e a r t

r a t e

s l o w e d . A l t h o u g h

a n y o f t h e c o m m o n l y

d e s c r i b e d

n e u r o l o g i c a l

m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f

c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

c a n

b e

p r e s e n t

t h e

o n l y

d e f i n i t e s i g n t h a t may

b e e n c o u n t e r e d

i n

i n f a n c y

i s a f u l l a n t e r i o r

f o n t a n e l l e .

T h i s

r a i s e s

t h e

q u e s t i o n o f

d i f f e r e n t i a l

d i a g n o s i s

f r o m m e n i n g i t i s

a n d

o t h e r s p a c e - o c c u p y i n g

l e s i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y

s u b d u r a l h a e m a t o m a ,

b o t h o f

w h i c h a r e t h e m o r e common

c o n d i t i o n s , a n d

w e

a d m i t

t h a t t h e c l i n i c a l

d i a g n o s i s may b e

e x t r e m e l y

d i f f i c u l t .

S u b d u r a l h a e m a t o m a , w h i c h n o t

i n f r e -

q u e n t l y

p r o d u c e s

a

f e b r i l e

s y s t e m i c

r e s p o n s e , c a n

o n l y

b e

e x l u d e d

b y

a

s u b d u r a l t a p . M e n i n g i t i s

u s u a l l y g i v e s

r i s e

t o

a

m o r e

a c u t e c l i n i c a l p i c t u r e

w i t h

m e n i n g e a l

i r r i t a t i o n , a l t h o u g h

t h e l a t t e r m ay

b e

m i s l e a d i n g l y

a b s e n t .

I n

o u r l i m i t e d

e x p e r i e n c e ,

we f e e l

t h a t c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

s h o u l d

b e

c o n s i d e r e d

a

p o s s i b l e

d i a g n o s i s

i n

a n y

i n f a n t

w i t h

a

f u l l

a n t e r i o r

f o n t a n e l l e ,

who

h a s b e c o m e g r a d u a l l y b u t

i n c r e a s -

i n g l y

i l l f o l l o w i n g i n f e c t i o n e l s e w h e r e i n

t h e b o d y .

O n c e a

c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

i s s u s p e c t e d ,

l o c a l i z a t i o n

may

b e

p o s s i b l e

o n c a r e f u l

c l i n i c a l

e x a m i n a t i o n ;

t h e

a b s c e s s s h o u l d

t h e n

b e

a s p i r a t e d

a n d

i t s e x t e n t

d e t e r m i n e d r a d i o l o g i c a l l y

a f t e r

r e p l a c e m e n t

w i t h

a i r

o r

r a d i o - o p a q u e

m e d i u m .

F r e q u e n t a s p i r a t i o n a n d

i n s t i l l a t i o n

o f

t h e

a p p r o p r i a t e

a n t i b i o t i c s h o u l d

b e

c o n t i n u e d u n t i l t h e

c a v i t y b e g i n s

t o

o b l i t e r a t e .

I n

t h e

c a s e d e s c r i b e d

b y F a r l e y

  1 9 4 9 ) n o

o t h e r

o p e r a t i v e

m e a s u r e w a s

r e q u i r e d

a n d t h e c a v i t y

c l o s e d

s p o n t a n e o u s l y

a f t e r

s i x m o n t h s .

I n

o u r

C a s e

1

t h e

c a v i t y

c o u l d

n o t

b e

r e d u c e d

t o

l e s s

t h a n

2

c m .

i n s i z e

a n d

f o r

t h i s

r e a s o n , e x c i s i o n ,

a m o u n t i n g

t o

a f r o n t a l

l o b e c t o m y ,

w a s

n e c e s s a r y .

When

n o e v i d e n c e

o f

l o c a l i z a t i o n

i s f o r t h c o m i n g ,

l i t t l e

f u r t h e r

h e l p

c a n b e

e x p e c t e d

f r o m

p l a i n

r a d i o g r a p h s

o f

t h e

s k u l l

u n l e s s

g a s - f o r m i n g

o r g a n i s m s

a r e

p r e s e n t .

A r t e r i o g r a p h y

i s

t h e

t h e o r e t i c a l

i n v e s t i g a t i o n

o f

c h o i c e

b u t

i s

t e c h n i c a l l y

i m p r a c t i c a b l e

a t

t h i s

a g e .

S i m i l a r l y ,

t h e

l i m i t a t i o n s

o f

e l e c t r o - e n c e p h a l o g r a p h y

i n

i n f a n c y

d e t r a c t

f r o m

i t s

4 6 4

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CEREBRAL

ABSCESS

AS

A COMPLICATION

OF

NEONATAL

SEPSIS

4 6 5

u s e f u l n e s s

i n

t h e

l o c a l i z a t i o n

o f a

s u s p e c t e d

a b s c e s s .

Lumbar

p u n c t u r e

i s

o f t e n

p e r f o r m e d

t o

e x c l u d e

m e n i n g i t i s

b u t i s n o t w i t h o u t d a ng e r

f r o m p r o l a p s e

o f

t h e c e r e b e l l u m

i n t o t h e f o r a m e n magnum

a l t h o u g h

t h e f l e x i b i l i t y

o f t h e s u t u r e s

w i l l

p r e c l u d e

c o n i n g

o f t h e s u p r a t e n t o r i a l

s t r u c t u r e s .

V e n t r i c u l o -

g r a p h y

c a r r i e s t h e r i s k

o f i n t r a v e n t r i c u l a r

r u p t u r e o f

t h e

a b s c e s s , b u t t h i s

i n v e s t i g a t i o n , p r e c e d e d

b y

e x p l o r a t i o n

o f t h e s u b d u r a l s p a c e , may

b e e s s e n t i a l

f o r

l o c a l i z a t i o n .

T h e

a b s c e s s s h o u l d

t h e n

b e

a s p i r a t e d

i m m e d i a t e l y

a f t e r

v e n t r i c u l o g r a p h y .

W i t h r e g a r d

t o

t h e p r o g n o s i s ,

F a r l e y s

p a t i e n t

i s

t h e

o n l y o n e

among

t h o s e

we h a v e

r e v i e w e d

t o

h a v e

s u r v i v e d ,

a n d w a s w e l l w h e n

d e m o n s t r a t e d

a t

t h e

R o y a l S o c i e t y

o f

M e d i c i n e

a t

t h e a g e o f

6

y e a r s .

C o n v u l s i o n s

o c c ur r ed d u r i ng t h e

f i r s t

y e a r

a n d

s p e e c h

w a s

r e t a r d e d

u n t i l

t h e

a g e

o f

4 ,

b u t t h e

e v e n t u a l m e n t a l d e v e l o p m e n t

w a s

n o r m a l

  F a r l e y ,

1 9 5 2 ) .

S u b s e q u e n t l y ,

t h i s

c h i l d s

f i t s

r e c u r r e d a n d

a

s l i g h t

h e m i p a r e s i s

b e c a m e

d e t e c t a b l e

  F a r l e y , 1 9 5 7 ) .

O u r

f i r s t

p a t i e n t ,

who

h a d made

a

g o o d

r e c o v e r y

a f t e r

a f r o n t a l

l o b e c t o m y ,

d i e d

s u d d e n l y

a f t e r

a

s e c o n d o p e r a t i o n

f o r a n a c c u m u l a t i o n o f

s u b d u r a l

f l u i d . T h i s

u n us u a l c o m p l i c at i o n

s h o u l d

n o t b e

a

c o n t r a - i n d i c a t i o n

t o e x c i s i o n

o f a

r e s i d u a l

a b s c e s s

a s

t h e f i n a l s t a g e

o f

t r e a t m e n t

i n s i m i l a r

c a s e s .

Summary

Tw o

c a s e s

o f

c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

c o m p l i c a t i n g

n e o -

n a t a l

s e p s i s

a r e

d e s c r i b e d .

I n

o n e

o f

t h e s e ,

a

m a t e r n a l i n f e c t i o n

w a s

p r e s e n t

a t

t h e t i m e o f

b i r t h .

T h e d i a g n o s i s

a n d t r e a t m e n t

o f t h e

c o n d i t i o n

i s

d i s c u s s e d

a n d t h e

l i t e r a t u r e o f c e r e b r a l

a b s c e s s

i n

t h e n e o n a t a l

p e r i o d

i s

b r i e f l y

r e v i e w e d .

We a r e i n d e b t e d

t o

D r .

W i l f r e d

S h e l d o n

a n d M r .

W y l i e

M c K i s s o c k f o r

p e r m i s s i o n

t o

p u b l i s h

t h e s e

c a s e s ,

t o

D r .

M a r t i n

B o d i a n

f o r t h e

p o s t - m o r t e m

f i n d i n g s

i n

C a s e

2

a n d t o

M r .

D e r e k M a r t i n

f o r t h e

i l l u s t r a t i o n s .

R E F E R E N C E S

C r o s s e , V . M. a n d

M a c k i n t o s h ,

J .

H .   1 9 5 3 ) .

B r i t .

m e d .

J . ,

1 , 1 3 7 4 .

F a r l e y , D .

L . B .   1 9 4 9 ) .

L a n c e t , 1 ,

2 6 4 .

  1 9 5 2 ) .

P r o c . r o y .

S o c . M e d . , 4 5 ,

4 0 0 .

  1 9 5 7 ) .

P e r s o n a l

c o m m u n i c a t i o n .

G o f s t e i n ,

R .

a n d

G e l l i s ,

S . S .

  1 9 5 6 ) .

A . M . A .

J .

D i s .

C h i l d . ,

9 1 ,

5 6 6 .

H o l t ,

L .

E .   1 8 9 8 ) .

A r c h . P e d i a t . ,

1 5 ,

8 1 .

J o h n s o n ,

G .

D . , E l m o r e ,

S .

E . a n d

Adams

F . F .

  1 9 5 3 ) .

J . S . C . m e d .

A s s . ,

4 9 , 2 8 1 .

S a n f o r d ,

H . N .

  1 9 2 8 ) .

A m e r .

J . D i s .

C h i l d . ,

3 5 ,

2 5 6 .

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Complication of Neonatal SepsisCerebral Abscess as a

N. R. Butler, H. Barrie and K. W. E. Paine

doi: 10.1136/adc.32.165.461

1957 32: 461-465Arch Dis Child

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