addicted to war (ladai se lagav) - joel andreas (hindi)

7/27/2019 Addicted To War (Ladai Se Lagav) - Joel Andreas (Hindi)

1/72

yM+kbZ ls yxkovejhdk ;q

NksM+us esa D;ksa vleFkZ gSA

fp=k&dkVwZu iqLrd%tksby vkUnzst

fganh vuqokn% vjfoUn xqIrk

2yk[

kizfr;

ka

6Hkk"kk

vksaesa


2/72

yM+kbZlsyxko iqLrd nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h] rkdroj vkSj fouk'kdkjh lSfud rkdr ls VDdj ysrh gSAfiNysdqN lkyksa esavU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esavejhdk cgqr T;knk ;qksaesa my>k jgk gSA iSuk&izgkj djrhvkSj rF;ksaij vk/kfjr ;g fdrkc vius i{k esa 145 lcwr is'k djrh gSA iqLrd 'kq: djus ds ckn vkimls iwjk i


3/72

^ge [kqn dksyM+kbZ ls yxkods dSls cpk;sa\ ;g iqLrd ,d laqnj 'kqjQvkr gSA bl iuk csgn t:jh gSA eq>s vk'kk gS fd vki bl iqLrd dks iyd vkidksyM+kbZ lsyxkoiqLrd esafeysxhA*

& fl fLVksiQjlu]laxhrK

^tc gekjs lSfud bjkd ;q ds ihNs fNih jktuhfr vkSj ykyp dks le>saxs rks mUgsaHkh mlls mruh gh?k`.kk gksxh ftruh dh eq>s gqbZFkhA cgqr lky igys dksfj;k esadke djrs gq, eq>s yxk Fkk fd eSa,d vPNsfe'ku ds fy, dke dj jgk FkkA ij tc vlyh lPpkbZ us eq>s >d>ksjk rks eq>s cgqr xqLlk vk;k & tSlsfdlh us esjk vieku fd;k gksA fiQj eq>s dbZ HkwriwoZ lSfud feys tks vius vuqHko] xqLls vkSj xe ls yksxksa

dks ;q dh lPpkbZ;ksa ds ckjs esaf'kf{kr dj jgs FksA muls eSa le>k fd esjh fu;r rks Bhd Fkh ij ftuuhfr;ksadk eq>ls leFkZu djus dks dgk x;k Fkk os xyr FkhaA geus vius vuqHkoksa ds vk/kj ij ;q jksdusdh f'k{kk nsus dh BkuhA bl eqfge esayM+kbZ ls yxkoiqLrd cgqr vljnkj lkfcr gksxhA*

& foYlu oqMh ikWosy] dk;Zdkjh funs'kd]osVsjsUl vkWiQ ihl

^,d ckr fcYdqy Li"V gSA ge cEcksals nqfu;k dks VqdM+ksaesackaV ldrs gSa ij 'kakfr ds fy, mudk mi;ksxugha dj ldrsA*

& fe'ksy akVh]laxhrK(Lih;j&gsM)


4/72

Hkkjrh; laLdj.k ds fy, ys[kd dk vkeq[k

eSusayM+kbZ ls yxkoiqLrd dks 1992 ds vejhdk }kjk bjkdh geys ds ckn fy[kkA vejhdk }kjk NsM+sfiNys ;qksadh lPpkbZ dks yksxksals tkucw> dj fNik;k x;k FkkA esjk mn~ns'; bl tkudkjh dks bdV~Bkdjuk FkkA bl dke ls esuLVhe ehfM;k ges'kk drjkrk gSA vDlj] ;q ds le; ehfM;k tax dk ?kksj leFkZdcu tkrk gSA eSa;q ds ihNs vejhdk dh vlyh ea'kk dks Hkh mtkxj djuk pkgrk FkkA

,d n'kd ds ckn dh cnyh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa us eq>s bl iqLrd dks nqckjk fy[kus dks etcwj fd;kA cq'ktwfu;j ds dk;Zdky esa vejhdk ds ;q ls yxko us ,d mQaph Nykax yxkbZA fnlEcj 11] 2001 ds geysds ckn tktZcq'k usvkradokn ij ;qNsM+us ds cgkus ,d dHkh u [kRe gksus okyh tax dh 'kqjQvkrdhA

yM+kbZ ls yxko(,fMfDVM Vwokj) dk nwljk laLdj.k 2002 esaviQxkfuLrku ij vejhdh geys ds cknNikA mlds ckn vejhdk us bjkd ij ,d u;k ;q NsM+us dh rS;kjh 'kq: dhA mQijh rkSj ij rks vejhdkvkradokn vkSj fouk'k ds vL=kksaij cafn'k yxkus dh nqgkbZnsrk jgkA ij mldh vlyh ea'kk lcdks ,dneLi"V FkhA oks [kkM+h esa fiV~Bw ljdkjsacukdj vejhdh fgrksa dks lqjf{kr j[kuk vkSj fo'o ds nwwljs uEcj ds

rsy Hk aMkj ij viuk fu;a=k.k dk;e djuk pkgrk FkkAbl Hkkjrh; laLdj.k ds Nirs le; vejhdh lsuk dk bjkd vkSj viQxkfuLrku nksuksaij dCtk gSA bu ns'kksaesalSfud izfrjks/ dqpyus ds fy, oks yksxksads f[kykiQ l[rh viuk jgs gSavkSj muds fnyksa esaMj Hkjjgs gSaA vejhdk ds lkFk&lkFk iwjh nqfu;k esa blls fgalk vkSj izfrfgalk dk ,d nq'p 'kq: gqvk gSA

vejhdk ds yM+kbZls yxko dh ?kjsyw dher dks vke vejhdh ukxfjd vPNh rjg le> jgs gSaA lSfudksavkSj muds ifjokjtuksadks bldh lcls T;knk dher pqdkuh iM+h gSA ij blls ckdh turk Hkh izHkkfor gqbZgSA lqj{kk ij csbargk [kpZls ljdkjh ctV yM+[kM+k jgk gSA mlls f'k{kk] LokLF;] vkokl] ifjogu] vkSji;kZoj.k laj{k.k tSls egRoiw.kZenksads [kpsZesadVkSrh gks jgh gSA lkFk&lkFkvkradokn ij ;qNsM+us dscgkus ljdkj iqfyl f'kuk[r dM+h dj ekuo vf/dkjksa dk guu djus ij rqyh gSA

vejhdk ds yM+kdw job;s us lkjh nqfu;k ds yksxksa dks vkSj vf/d [krjs esa Mkyk gSA bl [krjs dks Hkkjrlfgr nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds reke eqYdksaesalkiQrkSj ij eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkradokn vkSj fouk'k ds'kL=kksa dk var djus ds uke ij vly eas vejhdk viuh uhfr;ksa ls bu nksuksa dks c


5/72

rhu O;fDr;ksadk 'kqf;k vnk d:axkA viuh eka & dSjksy vkUnzst dk ftUgksaus eq> esa ;q&fojks/h cht cks;sAvius firk dkyZvkUnzst dk ftUgksaus loZizFke eq>s bl iqLrd dks fy[kus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k vkSj SadMkWjsy dk ftuds vFkd iz;klksa ds iQyLo:i bl iqLrd dk 9@11 ds ckn u;k laLdj.k fy[kuk lEHkogks ik;kA

eSabl iqLrd ds Hkkjrh; izdk'ku ds fy,vFkZds;j cqDlds Hkjr vkSj fouhrk eulkVk dk Hkh 'kqf;k vnkdjuk pkgrk gwaA

tksy vkUnzstckWYVheksj] esjhySUM] vejhdk

fnlEcj] 2003

Hkkjrh; izdk'kd dk vkeq[k

cM+h leL;kvksa ls fnekx Fkd tkrk gS vkSj dYiuk'khyrk ckSuh gks tkrh gSA ijarqleL;kvksadks utjanktdjdss mudk dksbZgy ugha fudyrkA tksy vkUnzst us ,d cgqr gh eqf'dy fo"k; pquk gS vkSj fiQj mlsbruh ljyrk vkSj [kwclwjrh ls is'k fd;k gS fd dksbZLdwyh Nk=k Hkh vklkuh ls mls le> lds!

orZeku esa;q ds fojks/ ds lkFk&lkFk l`tu'khyrk Hkh t:jh gSA ftl rsth ls nq?kZVuk,ac


6/72

vejhdh vkSj vuqokfnr laLdj.kksa ij ,d uksV

eSausyM+kbZ ls yxkods ewy 1992 ds laLdj.k dks rhu lky igys is lpeqp fdrkc bruh lqanjyxh fd eSaus lcls igys iqLrd dh 100 izfr;ka [kjhnus dh BkuhA rc eq>s ekywe iM+k fd iqLrd dh Nihizfr;kavumiyC/ gSaA eSaus iqLrd ds ys[kd tksy vkUnzst ls lEidZlk/k vkSj muls fdrkc dks viMsVdjus dk vkxzg fd;kA vizSy 2002 esa] , ds izsl dh enn ls eSaus iqLrd dk u;k laLdj.k izdkf'kr fd;kA

fdrkc dks tcjnLr izfrf;k feyh vkSj ikBdksaus cgqr ljkgkA rc ls vejhdk esagh bldh ,d yk[kls vf/d izfr;kafcdh gSaA

vejhdk esa,fMfDVM Vw okWjdks cgqr ls gkbZLdwy vkSj dkWyst f'k{kdksa us ikB~;&iqLrd tSls mi;ksx fd;kgSA 'kakfr ds fy, dk;Zjr laLFkk,abldh izfr;ksa viuh jSfy;ksa vkSj cSBdksaesacsap jgh gSaA bl iqLrd dhizfr;ksa dks vc Ldwyksa] ppksZa vkSj LFkkuh; ykbczsfj;ksaesans[kk tk ldrk gSA vc fdrkcsa csapus okyh cgqrlh nqdkusa] Lora=k forjd vkSj uS'kuy psUl vkSj dkWfed&cqd LVkslZbls csap jgs gSaA cgqr ls yksx bldhls lEidZ lk/saA

Sad Mksjsy

ih vks ckWDl 3261

dYoj flVh] lh, 90231&3261] vejhdk

[email protected]

www.addictedtowar.com

fnlEcj 2003

a

ANYONE WISHING TO PUBLISH THE HINDI

TRANSLATION SHOULD CONTACT:Roam Agency (www.roamagency.com)


7/72

;g dgkuh 'kqokj dh'kke dks 'kqjQ gksrh gSA

cki js!ljdkj us

esjh ru[okg

esa ls brukT;knk VSDldkVk gS!

ml fnu 'kke dks%

eka] Ldwydks pSfjVh&lsy

esa vkidh ennpkfg,A mldsequkiQs ls LdwyVkW;ysV&isij[kjhn ik;sxkA

igys rks fdrkcksa dk VksVkFkk vkSj vc VkW;ysV&isij Hkhunkjn gSA crkvks] rqEgkjsLdwy esadqN gS Hkh\

Ldwy ds cksMZdhvxyh ehfVax esa% nsf[k, LFkkuh;VSDl

?kVjgs gSavkSj dsanzh;ljdkj gesacgqr delgk;rk nsrh gSA ge

fcYdqydaxkygSa!

eSabrukVSDlnsrh gwaljdkj mldkD;k djrh

gS\

gekjs VSDl dk cgqr cM+k fgLlkiQkSt dks cuk;sj[kus esatkrk gSA gekjhljdkj viuh vk/h ls T;knk vkenuh iQkSt ij [kpZ djrh gSA

cki js!Ldwy esa

VkW;ysV isijrd ugha!

dsanzh; ctVo"kZ2003

ckdh [kpZ49

f'k{kk [kpZ7

lqj{kk[kpZ51


8/72

vejhdk ds ikl nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h vkSj rkdrojiQkSt gSA vejhdh ;qiksrksa dk lHkh egklkxjksaesancnck gSA mldh felkbysanqfu;k ds fdlh Hkhegk}hi ij ekj dj ldrh gSavkSj mldslSdM+ksa&gtkjksa lSfud vU; ns'kksaesarSukr gSaA

gj pan lkyksa esa vejhdk vius lSfudksa] ;qiksrksavkSjckEcj ok;q;kuksadks nwj&njkt ds ns'kksaesa yM+kbZdsfy, Hkstrk gSA oSls rks cgqr ls ns'k ;q yM+rs gSaijarqvejhdk buesalcls vuwBk gS & mldh iQkSthrkdr csfelky gS vkSj oks mldk csbargk bLrsekydjrk gSA

oSls feysVh lqijikWoj cuuk vkSj ;q NsM+ukcgqr gh [kphZyk dke gSA isUVsxku ij gj o"kZ

djksM+ksa&vjcksa MWkyj iQwadus dh otg ls ljdkjvke yksxksa dh cqfu;knh t:jrksaesadVkSrhdjrh gSA lkekftd dk;ZeksaesadVkSrh lsvejhdk dks oks uqdlku gqvk gS tks fdlhfons'kh iQkSt ds fy, Hkh djuk vlaHko FkkA

xzhUlcw

tsiQjlu dkmaVh vLirky

okf'kaxVu izkFkfed Ldwy

vejhdh fons'kksa;qksa dks fliQZiSlksaesaughavkadk tk ldrk gSA ;q esacgqr lsyksx viuhtkuls Hkh lkFk /ksrs gSa vkSj oru okil ugha ykSVrsA

fons'kksaesayM+s ;qksads dkj.k vejhdk

dks vkradoknh geys>syus iM+rs gSa &tSls fdisUVsxkuvkSjoYMZ VsM lsaVjij gq, geysA

;q dhmQaph dher vkSjekSrksads ckn Hkh

ljdkj tax[kksjh dksiwjs tksj ls cjdjkjj[krh gSA bllsyksxksadks cgqr

uqdlkugksrk gSA


9/72

ewy iz'u;g gS%vejhdk

yxkrkjD;ksa ;qyM+rkgS\

mRrj ds fy,rqEgsa vejhdk ds

bfrgkl dksle>uk iM+ssxkA

nks 'krkCnh iwoZ ;wukbVsM LVsV~l vVyakfVdegklkxj ds rV ij rsjg NksVs xqVksadk ,dlewg FkkA ij vkt mldk jQrck iwjh nqfu;k ijbl rjg Nk;k gS ftldh dYiuk vrhr dklcls 'kfDr'kkyh lkezkT; Hkh dHkh dj ugha

ldrk FkkA

fo'o ds lcls 'kfDr'kkyhjk"V cuus dk jkLrk fuf'pr:i ls 'kakfriw.kZugha FkkA

eSa bl ckjs

esai


10/72

blvykSfddHkfo";dks ikus dsfy, xksjksaus LFkkuh;vejhdhvkfnokfl;ksadk [kkRek fd;kAvejhdh iQkSt usmudh tehu gM+ihvkSj mUgsa if'pe dhvksj iyk;u djusdks etcwj fd;kAfojks/ djus okyksadksrqjar dRy dj fn;kx;kA

akfr ds ckn dh 'krkCnh esavejhdk ds ewyvkfnokfl;ksadh ,d&,d djds gkj gqbZA mudhtehu gM+ius ds ckn mUgsafjtoZs'kUldhlhekvksa esa cak/k x;kA muesals fdruksa dh cfyps vc Hkh lkiQ ;kn gS efgykvksavkSj cPpksadk dRy & yk'kksa ds


11/72

tc mudk lkezkT; ,d rV ls nwljs rV rd iQSy pqdk rcvykSfdd Hkfo";ds lkSnkxjksaus leqnz ds ml ikj viuklkezkT; LFkkfir djus dk liuk latks;kA lius ds ihNs Li"VvkfFkZd dkj.k FksA duZypkYlZ Msuchbl lkezkT;oknhiQSyko ds i{k/j Fks vkSj ,d jsy dEiuh ds ekfyd FksAmuds vuqlkj%

^gekjs ns'k dh vkarfjd ifjfLFkfr;kagesabl O;kolkf;d iQSyko ds fy,etcwj dj jgh gSaA fnuksa&fnu geviuh t:jrksals T;knk mRiknu dj

jgs gSaA gesavc cktkj dh t:jr gS& nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s cktkj dhA*

lkezkT; LFkkiukdh vkokt vc okf'kaxVu dsxfy;kjkas esaHkh xwatus yxhA

^esjk iwjh rjg ekuuk gS fd tc dHkh

Hkh gesa viuh lhekvksa ls ckgj tehudh t:jr iM+s & pkgsaoks lqj{kk ;kfiQj O;kolkf;d iQSyko ds fy, gks]gesafcuk oDr [kks, ,slh tehu dks

rqjar dCts esa ysuk pkfg,A*

dusDVhdV ds lsusVj

vkSjosy IySV(1894)

fo'o dh izeq[k 'kfDr cuusds fy, vejhdk us ,dfo'oLrjh; ukSlsuk LFkkfirdhA bl dk;Zds fy,vfrmRlkgh FksvksMksj :tkosYVdks fu;qDr fd;k x;kA

^eSafdlh Hkh ;qdk Lokxr d:axkA esjsvuqlkj bl ns'k dks

;q dht:jr gSA*

Vh :tkosYV] 1897

mUgsa T;knkbartkj ughadjuk iM+kA

vxys o"kZdqN LiSfu'k dkyksfu;ksa ij vejhdk dh ykj VidhA buesa D;wck vkSjfiQfyihUl 'kkfey FksA vejhdk us Lisu ij ;q NsM+ fn;kA bu ns'kksaesa igys lsgh dqN fonzksgh iQkStsa Lora=krk ds fy, yM+ jgh Fkhaftlls Lisu oSls gh gkj dhdxkj ij FkkA ekSds dk iQk;nk mBkrs gq, okf'kaxVu us rqjar fonzksfg;ksa dk nkeuidM+k ftlls Lisu rqjar gkj x;kA ijarq vejhdk us viuk mn~ns'; Li"V tkfgjdj fn;k & oks ogkals tYnh gVus okyk ugha FkkA

^vc fiQfyihUl lnk ds fy,gekjk jgsxk + + + vkSj fiQfyihUl ds

FkksM+k vkxs phu dk cgqr cM+k cktkjgSA vc iz'kkar gh gekjk egklkxj gSA*

bfUM;kuk ds lsusVjvYcVZ csofjt

(1900)

vkSjlsusVj csofjtds fy, iz'kkarrks cl ,d 'kqjQvkr Hkj Fkh%

^tks rkdr iz'kkar egklkxjij jkT; djsxh mldk izHkqRoiwjs fo'o esaNk;sxkA vc ml

lRrk dh yxke ges'kkvejhdk ds gkFk esa jgsxhA*


12/72

vkSifuos'kokndks lgh djkj nsus ds fy,jaxHksnvkSjuLydh rekevo/kj.kk,a jph x;haA okf'kaxVu us bUgsa rqjar Lohdkj fd;kA

^gekjh uLy nqfu;k ij 'kklu djus okyhuLy gSaA Hkxoku }kjk lkSais bl fe'ku dks

gekjh uLy dHkh ugha HkwysxhA Hkxoku us gesabl dke dks vatke nsus ds fy, pquk gSAmlus gesa ljdkj pykus ds xqj fl[kk, gSavkSj vc ge og'kh vkSj ikxy yksxksadks

dkcw j[kus esaHkh l{ke gSaA*

bfUM;kuk ds lsusVjvYcVZ csofjt

ij fiQfyihUlds yksx lsusVjvYcVZ csofjtvkSj muds

'kkfxZnksa dh ckrksals lgerughaFksA

mUgksaus vke.kdkfj;ksads lkFkoSls gh yM+kbZdh tSlh mUgksausLisu ds lkFk dh FkhA vejhdkus fiQfyihUl dks vius lSfudcy ls cqjh rjg dqpykAvejhdh lSfudksa dks vkns'k Fkk

lc dks tykvks] lc dks ekj

Mkyks vkSj mUgksaus mls c[kwchfuHkk;kA gkj ls igys djhc 6yk[k fiQfyihuks ekjs x,A

ekjs x,fiQfyihukstdhgfM~M;ksaij[kM+s gq,

vejhdhlSfudA

1898 esafiQfyihUl] iqvjVks fjdks vkSj xqvkevejhdh dkyksuh cusA D;wck dks vkSipkfjd rkSjij Lora=krk nh xbZij lkFk esa 'krZFkh & IySV,esaMesUVftlds vuqlkj D;wck esa vejhdh ukSlsukges'kk ds fy, viuk vM~Mk cuk, j[k ldsxhAlkFk esa vejhdh iQkSt tc pkgs gLrk{ksi djldsxh vkSj okf'kaxVu dk D;wck dh fons'kh vkSjvkfFkZd uhfr;ka r; djus dk gd gksxkA

vc er dguk fd geusrqEgsa dqN fn;k ugha!

Lora=krk

IySV,esaMesUV


13/72

mlh dky esavejhdk usgokbZ}hidhjkuhfyyhoksdkykuhdk r[rkiyVk vkSj iz'kkar lkxj esacls bu lqanj }hiksadks vius ukSlsuk vM~Ms esacnykA 1903 esajk"Vifr cuus ds cknfFk;ksMksj :tkosYVus ukSlsuk Hkst dj iukek dksdksyfEc;k ls vyx fd;kA dkj.k\dksyfEc;kljdkj us :tkosYV }kjk dSuky cukus dsizLrko dks Bqdjk tks fn;k FkkA

vxj oks ucsapsarks Nhu

yks!mldscknls vady lSeviuh iQkStdks lHkhfn'kkvksaesaHkstus yxsA

tYn gh vejhdh iQkSt phu] :l] mRrjh vhdk]esfDldks] e; vejhdk vkSj dSfjfc;u esa igqaphA

eksUVs>hewls ysdjf=kiksyhds rVksa

rd + + +

1918 esa :l ij NsM+s ;q dsnkSjku lkbZcsfj;k esa vejhdh iQkSt

1898 vkSj 1934 ds chpvejhdh lsuk dsgeyksadk

ys[kktks[kk%D;wck ij 4 ckj]fudkjkxqvk ij 5 ckj] gksaMqjl ij 5ckj] Mksefudu fjifCyd ij 4 ckj]gs;Vh nks ckj] xqvkVkekyk ,d ckj]iukek nks ckj] esfDldks 3 ckj] vkSj

dksyfEc;k ij 4 ckj!

cgqr ls ns'kksa ij vke.k djdsvejhdh iQkSt mUghans'kksaesadbZ

n'kdksard fVdh jghA bu ns'kksadksNksM+us ls igys vejhdh iQkSt usogka dh lRrknksLr rkuk'kkgksadsgkFkksa esa lkSaihaA iQkSt us rkuk'kkgksadks fdlh Hkhtuvkanksyu dksdqpyus ds fy, gfFk;kjksa ls ySalfd;k x;kA


14/72

bu ns'kksa esavejhdh iQkSt ds ihNs&ihNs dkSu vk;s\ vejhdhO;kikjhvkSjm|ksxifrAoks u dsoy viuh phtsa csapus vk;s] oks ogka[ksrh] rsy ds dq,avkSj [knku s [kjhnusvkSj pykus vk;sA m|ksxksa esa etnwj xqykeksa tSls filsa bls euokus ds fy, vejhdhiQkSt rRijrk ls rS;kj FkhA dksbZHkh etnwj vkanksyu lEHko gh ughaFkkA

LVSUMM

Z

vkWby;wukbV

sM

wV Mksehuks

'kqxj ,sukdkSUMk

dkWij

^vejhdhiwathifr;ksadks vPNsequkiQs dk ekSdk feys

blds fy, lgh

ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fuekZ.kds fy, eSaus dksbZdlj ckdh ugha

NksM+hA*

vejhdh iQkSt us 1915 esags;Vh esa ,d fdlkuvkanksyu dks tc dqpyk rc ,d fjiksVZj usmldk bl rjg o.kZu fd;k%

^vejhdhok;qlsukus

gokbZtgktksalsfugRFks

gsfV;Ulije'khu&xuksa

lsxksfy;kacjlk;haA

mUgksausvius'kkSdds

fy,[kqyscktkjesa

xzkeh.kenksZa]efgykvksa

vkSjcPpksadks xksfy;ksa

ls HkwukA*50]000 gs;Vh

fuokfl;ksa dh ekSr gqbZ

tujyLesMyh cVyjbu vke.kksadh vxqokbZds fy,izfl gq,A fj;kVj gksus ds ckn mUgksaus viuh vuwBhftanxh dks bu 'kCnksaesa c;ak fd;k%

^eSaus dqy 33 lky vkSj 4 eghus

feysVh lfoZl esaxqtkjsA bl nkSjku eSausokWy&LVhVdscM+s m|ksxifr;ksavkSj

cSadksads fy, ,d mPp&dksfV dsxqaMsdk dke fd;kA vly esaeSa iwaftifr;kas

dk izeq[k fgrS'kh vkSj xaqMk FkkA*

^vius dkjukeksals eSaus 1914 esaesfDldks dks] fo'ks"kdj VSfEidks dksvejhdh vkW;yfgrksads fy, lqjf{kr cuk;kA eSaus gs;Vh vkSj D;wck

esauS'kuy flVh cSaddks lqj{kk nh ftlls ogka ds viQlj /u olwyldsaA eSausa vk/k ntZu e; vejhdh ns'kksadk cykRdkj fd;k ftlls

fdokWy&LVhVds iwathifr ogkaviuk >aMk xk


15/72

^1902 ls 1912 ds chp eSaus fudjkxqvkdks fBdkus yxk;k ftlls fdczkmu cznlZdk

cSad ogka vPNh rjg pysA 1916 esavejhdhphuhm|ksxifr;ksads fgrksa ds fy, eSaus Mksefudu

fjifCyd esa fctyh dk mRiknu 'kq: djok;kA1903 esagksUMqjl dks vejhdh wV

dEiuhds fy, fiQV fd;kA 1913 esaphu esaLVSUMMZvk;Wyds O;kikj dks

fcuk jksdVksd pyus fn;kA*

fp=keas ,dvejhdh iQkSthvius gkFk esafudjkxqvkfonzksghflfYohuks

gsjsjkdh eaqMhidM+s gSAflfYohuks] 1930esavkWxLVkslSUMhuksdhfonzksgh iQkSt dsusrk FksA

igyk egk;qnjvly ;wjksih; vkSifuosf'kd rkdrksa }kjk lkjh nqfu;k dks vkil esa

ckaVus dh gfo'k dk urhtk FkkA jk"VifroqMjks foYluus bl ;q esaHkkx ysus lsigys vejhdh ukxfjdksa dk s lkiQ crk;k fd oks vejhdh iQkSt dks blfy, Hkst jgsgSa ftlls fdnqfu;k iztkra=k ds fy, ,d lqjf{kr txg cu ldsA

ij foYludk edlndqN vkSj ghFkkA oks ;wjksih;canj&ckaVesavejhdk dkfgLlk [kkstjgs FksA

foYlu ds baXySUM fLFkrjktnwr us teZuh ij vejhdhgeys dks lkiQ 'kCnksaesaO;Drfd;k%

^vejhdkds O;kikfjd opZLo dkscjdjkj j[kus ds fy,

;gh ,d ek=kfodYi gSA*

MCyw ,p ist&jktnwr (1917)

blds fy, 130] 274 vejhdh lSfudksadksviuh tku ls gkFk /ksuk iM+kA


16/72

^ge lSfudksadks nwj&ns'kksaesa lqanj vkn'kksZads fy, ejusHkstrs FksA mUgsadksbZ;g ugha

crkrk Fkk fd vly esaiwthaifr;ksa}kjk MkWyj vkSj lsaV dekus dsfy, mUgsaekjus vkSj ejus ds

fy, Hkstk x;k FkkA*

tujyLesMyhcVyj(1934)

izFke egk;qdk edlnFkk] ^ckdhlkjs ;qksa dks

[kRe djuk*A

fcYdqy ughaA

f}rh; egk;qesa yk[kksa;qok vejhdhteZu iQklhokn vkSj tkikuhvkSifuosf'kdokn ls yM+us ds fy, lsuk

esaHkrhZ gq,A ijarq okf'kaxVu esa cSBs mLrkn

;kstukdkjkas dk mn~ns'; dkiQh dqfVy FkkA

mudh bPNk [kqn dklkezkT; LFkkfir djus

dh FkhA

vDVwcj 1940 esa tc teZuh vkSj tkiku dh lsuk,a;wjksi vkSj ,f'k;k esaizos'k djjgh Fkharc vejhdh ljdkj us vius mPp viQljksa] ukSdj'kkgksa] O;kikfj;ksa]iwathifr;ksavkSj cSadlZ }kjk vejhdh j.kuhfr fu/kZfjr djus ds fy, ,d ehfVaxcqykbZA oks vejhdhizHkqRo ds nk;jsdks cjdjkj j[kus ds bPNqd FksA blesafczfV'klkezT;okn ds if'pe v/Zxksy ds dqN ns'k Hkh 'kkfey FksA ehfVax esafu.kZ; fy;kx;k fd vejhdk dks ;q ds fy, rS;kj jguk pkfg, vkSj + + +

gka! gka ! gka!

^ + +lkFk&lkFkvejhdh lSfud

vkSj vkfFkZd izHkqRodks dk;e j[kus dsfy, ,d laiw.kZ

;kstuk rS;kj djuhpkfg,A*

;g lp gS

fd bl fu.kZ;dks vke ifCyd ls

Nqikdj j[kkx;kA

vxj ;q dk mn~ns'; egt vejhdh vkSifuosf'kdokn rd lhfer j[kk

x;k rks mlesanqfu;k ds yksxksadh cgqr de jQfp gksxhA blfy,vU;yksxksads fgrksaij vf/d tksj fn;k tk,Aizpkj&izlkjdh utj ls bldkcgqr vPNk izHkko gksxkA

LVsV fMikVZesaV vkSj fons'k foHkkx dschp i=k O;ogkj lsA


17/72

;q ,d Hkh"k.k vke.k ls'kqjQ gqvk ftlesa nks yk[k yksxrRdky ekjs x;sA vejhdk ustkiku ds nks 'kgjksafgjksf'kek

vkSjukxklkdhij,WVe&cEcfxjk;sA jsfM;s'ku ds izHkko lsckn esagtkjksa yksxksadh vkSje`R;qgqbZA

^Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk gSfd ,WVe&cEc dslgh mi;ksx esa oksgekjh lgk;rk djsA*

jk"VifrgSjh VweSu(1945)

,WVe&cEcds fxjus ls igys ghtkiku dh gkj lqfuf'pr gkspqdh FkhA cEc fxjkus dk vlyhedln dqN vyx FkkA vejhdkvius ,WVe&cEc dh Hk;kud'kfDr ls nqfu;k dks voxr

djkuk pkgrk FkkA

f}rh; egk;qus vejhdk ds jktuSfrd]vkfFkZd vkSj lSfud opZLo esapkj pkanyxk;sA

^gesafodkl dh xfr fu/kZfjr djds

fo'o uked dEiuh esa^cgqla[;dLVWkdgksYMj*dk jksy fuHkkuk pkfg;sA*

fy;ks osYp] LVSUMMZvkWbydEiuh (orZeku esa,Dlku)ds HkwriwoZ ps;jeSu(1946)

vejhdk us vius da/ksa ij yh ftEesnkjh dks c[kwchfuHkk;kA mlus fo'o dkjiksjs'ku dh NksVh dEifu;ksadhvkfFkZd ;kstuk vkSj eSustesaV r; fd;kAijarqcgqr ls ns'kksaesa& fo'ks"kdj Lora=k ns'kksa esabldk dkiQh fojks/ Hkh gqvkA

vejhdh

okil

tkvks!


18/72

v;k; nks

^'khr ;q*

vkSj^nqfu;k ds iqfyleSu*ds uke ls tkus

okysns'k ds

dkjukes

bl fdrkc esabuckrksa dk dksbZmYys[k

rd ughagS!

vejhdk dks vius liuksa dks lkdkj djus ds fy, :lds lkFk eqdkcyk djuk FkkA :l Hkh f}rh; egk;q dsckn ,d fo'o&'kfDr ds :i esamHkjk FkkA vxys 45lkyksa rd lkjh nqfu;knks egk'kfDr;kasads chp ;q esaiQalh jghA oSls lSU; 'kfDr ds ekeys esa vejhdk :l dhrqyuk esa T;knk rkdroj FkkA nksuksa egk'kfDr;kas us viusizHkqRo ds nk;jsdks cjdjkj vkSj cs!


19/72

dksfj;k] 1950&1953

f}rh; egk;qds ckn vejhdk us ,f'k;k vkSj iz'kkar dsns'kksa ds fy, ,d ;kstuk cuk;hA ij phu vkSj eysf'k;k esa

akfrdkjh vaknksyuksads dkj.k bl ij ikuh fiQj x;kAlkFk&lkFk dksfj;k esa ,d cM+h tax fNM+ x;hA okf'akxVu usblesa tedj Hkkx fy;k ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fd if'pe dhlSU; 'kfDr fdlh ,f'k;kbZns'k dks gjk ldrh gSA

ge ;g

fn[kk;saxs!

vejhdk ds ;qiksrksa] ckEcjksavkSj VSadksaus dksfj;k dks iwjh rjgoLr dj fn;kA bl ;q esayxHkx iSarkyhl yk[kdksfj;kbZ

yksxksadh ekSr gqbZA ejus okyksaesavxj ,d iQkSth Fkk rks rhulkekU; ukxfjd FksA bl tax esa pk Sou gtkj vejhdh lSfud Hkhekjs x;sA vejhdk dh csgrjhu lSU; 'kfDr Hkh bl ;q esacgqrdke;kc ugha lkfcr gqbZA rhu lky rd Hk;adj tax ds ckn;q fojke gqvkA mlds ckn ls dksfj;k nks fgLlksa esa caV x;kAblds iQyLo:i vkt Hkh dksbZpkyhl gtkj vejhdh lSfudnf{k.k dksfj;k esarSukr gSaA

vxys ;q

ds bartkj esa!

Mksefudu fjifCyd] 1965vejhdk }kjk r[rk iyVus ds cknMksefudu

fjifCyddh turk us gVk;s x, jk"Vifr (tksyksdfiz; oksV }kjk pqus x;s Fks) dks nqckjk cgkyfd, tkus dh eakx dhA iztkrakf=kd ekudksa dksrkd ij j[krs gq, okf'akxVu ogkavius pgsrs yksxksadks izLFkkfir djuk pkgrk FkkA vejhdk us ogkavaknksyu dks dqpyus ds fy, 22]000 lSfudHkstsA bu lSfudksauslSUVks MksfeUxks dh lM+dksa ij3]000 yksxksa dks Hkwu MkykA

vejhdhokiltkvks!


20/72

fo;ruke 1964&1973

nl lky rd vejhdk us vius laiw.kZ lSU;cy lsfo;rukedks jkSanus dh dksf'k'k dhA vejhdk us Hkz"V fo;rukeh ljdkjdks cuk;s j[kkA ;g Hkz"V ljdkj sap mifuos'k dh olh;rFkhA vejhdk us baMks&pk;uk (fo;ruke] ykvksl vkSjdEcksfM;k) esa bruk xksyk&ck:n mi;ksx fd;k ftruk ekuobfrgkl ds lc ;qksaesas feykdj Hkh dHkh bLrseky ugha gqvkA

dHkh fdlh ns'kdks cpkus ds fy,

mls cjckn Hkhdjuk iM+rk gSA

vejhdh ok;q;ku dsckEcjksaus fo;ruke

ij lRrj yk[k VucEc cjlk;sA

;kuh gjfo;rukeh ukxfjd

ij 350&ikmaMcEc!

vejhdh vke.k dh ccZjrk ds ckotwwn mls,d cgknqj] de 'kL=kksa okyh xzkeh.k iQkSt us

f'kdLr nhA

bl NksVs ls ns'k esa vejhdk us 4 yk[k VuukikYedh ckfj'k dhA,tsaV vkjsatvkSj vU;fo"kSys jklk;uksa us djksM+ksa ,dM+ mitkmQ Hkwfe vkSjtaxyksadks rckg fd;kA gtkjksaxakoksadks tyk;k

vkSj muds okf'kanksa dks dRy fd;kA baMks&pk;ukds bl ;q esatks 20 yk[k yksx ejs muesa esavf/dka'k lkekU; ukxfjd FksA bl yM+kbZ esayxHkx 60]000 vejhdh lSfud ejs vkSj rhuyk[k ?kk;y gq,A


21/72

yscuku] 1982&83

btjk;y us tc yscuku ij ;q NsM+k rcvejhdh lsuk us yscuku ds x`g;q esalh/k gLrk{ksi djds btjk;y vkSj

iQklhoknhiQykax feysf'k;kdh lgk;rkdhA

rHkh mUgkasus 2000fiQfyLrhfu;ksadksdRy fd;kA

vejhdh lSfud cs:V esa(1983)

vejhdh lSfudksa ds fjgk;'kh cSjd dks ,d Vd cEc usoLr fd;k ftlesa241 lSfudksa dh tkusax;haA

xzsukMk] 1983dSjsfc;u fLFkr }hixzsukMkesa yxHkx111]000 yksx jgrs gSaA

djhc bruhgh vkcknh

fi;ksfj;k bfyuksbldh gSA

ij jsuksYM jhxu dks xzsukMk tSlk NksVk ns'k Hkhvejhdh lqj{kk ds fy,[krjkyxkA blfy, mUgksausisUVkxu dks vkns'k nsdj bl NksVs }hi ij dCtkfd;k vkSj fiQj ogkaviuh euilan ljdkj LFkkfirdhA

^ns[kks fdruheagxh vkSj lqanj

tehu gSA*

tktZ 'kqYt]vejhdh x`g

lfpo(1983)

cspVsy]isUVkxudkpepk

fyfc;k] 1986

okf'akxVu dksfyfc;kds lezkV bnjhl ls blfy, I;kj Fkk D;ksafd mlusvius ns'k dh laiw.kZrsy lEink yxHkx eqr esaLVSUMMZvkWbydks lkSai nhFkhA bnjhl dk r[rk iyVus ds fy,duZy xnkiQhls okf'akxVu dks l[ruiQjr FkhA 1986 esajsxu us fyfc;k dh jkt/kuhfViksyhij cEc cjlkusds vkns'k fn,A dkj.k\ D;ksafd xnkiQh us ,d teZu fMLdks ij geyk fd;kftlesanks vejhdh lSfud ekjs x,A vejhdh vke.k esaejs lSdM+ksafyfc;u lSfud bl rFkkdfFkr teZu geys ls fcYdqy okfdiQ ugha FksA

ns[kks bu vkradokfn;ksadhfgEerA dSls xjhc yksxksaij

cEc cjlk jgs gSa!


22/72

vHkh geus dsoymUgha;qksa dkft fd;k gSftues vejhdklh/s&lh/s 'kjhdFkkA

ijarq,slsvusdksa;qgSaftuesavejhdklh/s ughacfYd ihNsls ?kqlkA

f}rh; egk;qds ckn fcVsu dks e; ,f'k;k fLFkr viukvkSifuosf'kd lkezkT; ckaVuk iM+kA mlus tehu ds ,d cM+s VqdM+s& fiQfyLrhu dks] fgVyj dh ekj ls fc[kjs;wjksih; ;gwfn;ksadkslkSai fn;kAD;ksafd ogkaigys ls gh yksx cls Fks blfy, cM+h eqf'dy [kM+hgqbZA ogkaij ipkl lky ckn vHkh Hkh ekjdkV vkSj yM+kbZ tkjhgSAbtjk;ytgkaclk gS ogka ij lSdM+ksa&gtkjksafiQfyfLrhfu;ksadks vius ?kjksals cn[ky fd;k x;kA blfy,osLV cSadvkSjxktkvkt Hkh yM+kbZds dsanz gSaA ;gkads fiQfyLrhuh yksx lfn;ksals btjk;yh dCts esajgus dks etcwj gSaA

vejhdk jktuSfrd laj{k.k ds lkFk&lkFk gj o"kZbtjk;y dks [kjcksaMkyj dh vkfFkZdenn Hkh nsrk gSA rhl lky ds btjk;yh dCts ds dkj.k osLV cSad vkSj xktk esabtjk;yds f[kykiQ gh ughacfYd vejhdk ds f[kykiQ Hkh tuvkks'k c


23/72

lhvkbZ,vkSj isUVkxu us okf'kaxVu}kjk ukilan ljdkjksadk r[rk iyVusds fy, oSdfYid ljdkjksadk xBufd;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, 1961 esaD;wcu akfr dk s [kRe djus ds fy,

mUgksaus ,d futh iQkSt dks D;wckHkstkA ;g iQkSt ;qiksr }kjk

cs&vkWiQ&fiXlesa igqaphA

bUgsalcd

fl[kk,axs!

chloha 'krkCnh esa D;wck ijvejhdk dk ;g ikapokgeyk FkkA ij bl ckjvejhdk dh gkj gqbZA

ckijs!

1970 vkSj 80 esalhvkbZ,us nqfu;k Hkj esa

xqfjYyk lsukvksa dks[kklrkSj ij /u] 'kL=k

vkSj Vsfuax nhA

lkyksard vejhdk usiqrZxkydksnf{k.k vhdkfLFkrmldh dkyksfu;ksaij dCtkcjdjkj j[kus esa enn nhvkSj lkFk esavaxksykvkSjekstkEchdesaLora=krk

vkanksyuksadks dqpykA

1975 esa iztkrkaf=kdakfr ds ckn iqrZxkyus vejhdk ls viukiYyk >kM+kA

ijarqokf'kaxVu us

ugha!

mlusnf{k.k vhdkdhjaxHksnokyh ljdkj dh enn ls ,dfuth lsuk vaxksyk dh Lora=kljdkj dks iyVus ds fy, HksthAmPp Lrjh; vejhdh vkSj nf{k.kvhdh usrkvksaus ,d futh iQkSt

}kjk gtkjksa fugRFks fdlkukas dkekstkEchd esa dRy djk;kA

iztkra=k!

vejhdk

Lora=krk

nf{k.k vhdkdh jaxHksnhljdkj


24/72

vkSj fiQjdkSUVkHkh rks

gSA

fudjkxqvk dh turk us 1974 esavejhdh lefFkZr rkuk'kkg lekstk ifjokj dk sm[kkM+ iQsadkA rclhvkbZ,us lekstk ds og'kh uS'kuy xkMZ dks caVksjk vkSj mUgsalHkh gfFk;kjksa ls ySl dj fudjkxqvk dks ywVus] tykus vkSj dRysvke ds fy,okil HkstkA

dkSUVkuSfrd rkSj ijrdjhcu gekjs ns'k dslaLFkkidksa tSls gh gSaA*

jksuYM jhxu(1985)

eSaHkhdkSUVkgwa!

1979 esalksfo;r la?k us viQxkfuLrku ij

vke.k dj viuh fe=k ljdkj LFkkfir dhAlksfo;r vke.k dk iqjtksj fojks/ gqvkA rHkhlhvkbZ,tax esadwnhAlhvkbZ,us viQxkueqtkfgnhu xqjYyksadks gfFk;kjksa] iSlksa vkSj Vsfuaxls ySal fd;kA blesalhvkbZ,usikfdLrkuhvkSjlkmQnhljdkjksadh Hkh enn yhAokf'kaxVu vkSj mlds fe=kksads [kqys leFkZu lseqtkgnhuksaus nl lky dh ?keklku yM+kbZ dsckn :l dks gjk;kA

ml le;lhvkbZ,ds leFkZdksaesa ,d lkmQnh &

vkslkek fcu yknsuHkh 'kkfey FkkAlhvkbZ,ds lkFkfeydj fcu yknsu us viQxku eqtkfgnhuksa dks :fl;ksals yM+us ds fy, /u vkSj 'kL=kksals ySal fd;kAviQxku ;q ls varjkZ"Vh; bLykfed vaknksyu dks cyfeyk vkSj eqfLye ns'kksadks fiQjaxh nklrk ls eqDrdjus dh ckr mBhA var esabl vaknksyu us vejhdkdks Hkh :l tSlk gh nq'eu Bgjk;kA ij ml le;fcu yknsu vkSj eqtkfgnhuksads vejhdh leFkZdksa dksblds vlj dk lgh vankt ughaFkkA

ge lHkh dkfiQjiQkStksa dks eqfLyens'kksals fudkyckgj djsaxsA

Bhd!pyks ikihlkezkT; dksdqpysa!


25/72

vejhdk

1980 esajhxu us'kL=kksadh gksM+ 'kq:dh vkSj iQkSt dhctV csbargk csyukeqf'dy gqvkA

nks yksxbls [ksyldrs gSaA

:l

bl [kpZ dk :l dhvFkZO;oLFkk ij brukcqjk izHkko iM+k fd oksMwc x;hA varr%vejhdk 'kL=kksa dhgksM+ vkSj'khr&;qdh jsl thr x;kA

'khr&;qds lekIr gksus ds ckn dqN yksxfo'o 'kakfrvkSj'kakfr&iqjQLdkjdh ckrsa djusyxsA ijarq rc OgkbZV gkWmQl vkSj isUVkxu ds can

dejksaesa dqN vyx gh gypy FkhA

oks ;q ds,d u, ;qx

dh ;kstuk cukjgs FksA

u,fo'o

dkizk:i

ge thrs!v;k; 3

^u, fo'o dk izk:i*

1989 esa tciwohZ CykdVwVus yxk rc tktZcq'k us vius jk"Vh; lqj{kk vf/dkfj;ksals fo'o ifjfLFkfrij ppkZdhA oks [kq'k Fks fd vc :l vU; ns'kksa esa gks jgs ;qksaesavejhdk dks pqukSrh nsus dh fLFkfr esaugha FkkA blfy, viuh lSfud 'kfDr dks lkjh nqfu;k esa LFkkfir djus dk ;g lgh le; FkkA OgkbZV gkWmQldqN fu.kkZ;d thrsapkgrk FkkA

^tgka Hkh vejhdk dk ikykdetksj nq'euksals iM+sxk ogka ge mUgsafliQZgjk;saxs ugha ijarqmUgsa iQVkiQV

vkSjfu.kkZ;d f'kdLrnsaxsA*detksjnq'eu

detksjnq'eu

gka! gka !

gka!

jk"Vh; lqj{kkdkmaQfly dsnLrkostksa ls

(1989)


26/72

iukek] 1989

iukekcgqr detksj nq'eudjkj fn;k tkus okykigyk ns'k FkkA

tc ls vejhdh ;qiksrksaus iukek dkuke jks'ku fd;k rc ls okf'kaxVu dsb'kkjksaij vejhdh lSfudksaus bl NksVs ls

ns'k esan[kyankth nh gSA

,d MxO;kikjh dks

fxjrkj djusdh nyhy ijA

gekjkeqDr O;kikj esafo'okl gS!

bl /a/s esa,slk ugha fd dsoy iukek dscSad 'kjhd gSaaA blds fy, lHkh cM+svejhdh cSadksaus iukek 'kgj esaviuhvkfiQl [kksys gSaA

gesa Hkh

viukfgLlkpkfg,!

blls iukek esadkys&/uvkSjMXl(dksdsu) dk /a/k pedk gSA

dLVe

dksdsu

Mx dk vkjksi rks cl ,d cgkuk FkkA vly edlnFkkiukek dSukyij fu;a=k.k LFkkfir djuk vkSj mlns'k esavejhdh lSfud vM~Mksadks c


27/72

iukek dsekuo vf/dkj laxBuksads vuqlkj vejhdh vke.k esagtkjksa yksxksadh ekSr gqbZA muesa dsoy 26 vejhdh vkSj 50 iukekds lSfud FksA ckdh lHkh lkekU; yksx Fks tks iukek vkSj dksyksu'kgjksa dh HkhM+ okyh cfLr;ksa esa jgrs FksA oks vejhdh canwdksa vkSjck:n dk fu'kkuk cusA

bjkd] 1991

T;knkrj yk'kksadks dpjsdh FkSfy;ksaesa Mkydj xqIr

:i ls niQuk;k x;kA

iukek ij vke.k ds 13 eghus ckn vejhdk us mlij fiQj cM+s iSekus ij yM+kbZNsM+hA igys dh rjgljdkj us izpkj 'kq: fd;k fd ;g tax vktknh vkSjU;k; ds fy, gSA ijarqgjsd dks lPpkbZ dk irk gSA

^dksbZx/k Hkh le> ldrk gS& njvly gesarsy pkfg,A*

cq'k ds lykgdkj(VkbZe if=kdk] 1990)

cgqr igys gh vejhdh x`g foHkkx us e;,f'k;kbZrsy ij fVIi.kh dh Fkh%

^rsy ds HkaMkj cgqr cM+h rkdr gSa&'kk;n nqfu;k dk lcls cs'kdherh migkjA*

nqfu;k esarsy ds yxHkx 65 izfr'kr HkaMkjfefMy&bZLVesagSaAbu ij vejhdh daifu;ksadk fu;a=k.k gSA blls tkiku] ;wjksivkSj vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksaij vejhdk viuk jktuSfrd ncnckdk;e j[k ldrk gSA okf'kaxVu fefMy&bZLV ds rsy dks viuhcikSrh ekurk gS vkSj mUgsa viukegRoiw.kZfgLlk le>rk gSA

^rsy cgqr ghegRoiw.kZgS vkSj mlsvjc yksxksads gkFk esa

ugha NksM+k tkldrk gSA*

gsujh fdflatj

rqe ;gka D;kdj jgs gks\

vkidh tehu ds uhpsfNis vejhdh fgrksadks

ryk'k jgk gwaA

eksfcy


28/72

vly esa 1979 ls ghvejhdh ljdkj iQjkl dh[kkM+h esa;q dh ;kstuk cukjgh FkhA blds fy, jk"VifrdkWVZj usjSfiM ,D'ku iQkslZ

LFkkfir dh vkSj dgk] ^[kkM+hesa rsy dks ysdj fdlh Hkh/edh + ++ + +

^ ++ +++ + dks gj dherij dqpyk tk,xk pkgsamlds fy, iQkSt ghbLrseky djuh iM+sA*

1980 dh 'kqjQvkr esabZjku dks vejhdh fgrksa dk lcls cM+k nq'eu ekuktkrk FkkA bZjku dks dkcwesaj[kus ds fy, vejhdk vkSj mlds lg;ksxhfe=kksaus bjkd }kjk bZjku ij vke.k dks iwjk lg;ksx fn;k vkSj blds fy,bjkd dks uohure gkbZ&Vsd 'kL=k miyC/ djk,A bZjku dks iw.kZr% oLrdjus ds fy, vejhdh daifu;ksa us bjkd dks jklk;fud vkSj tSfod 'kL=k

tSls,aFkjSDlcukus dh VsDukyksth Hkh csaphA bZjku dh iQkStsa dgka fLFkr gSablds mixzg&fp=k vejhdk usbjkd dks fn,A vkSj tcbjkd us bZjku ijfo"kSyhxSlds cEc NksM+s rksvejhdk us mls utjanktfd;kA

tks eSaud:aoks rqe

Hkh ughadjuk!

tgjhysjklk;u

1987 esa jhxu us lh/s bZjku&bjkd ;q esa Hkkx

fy;k vkSj bjkd dk lkFk fn;kA blds fy,vejhdk us [kkM+h esaukSiksr Hkst dj bjkd dsfgrS"kh ns'kdqoSresa rsy&Vafd;ksadh lqj{kk dhAlkFk esauohure 'kL=kksa dk mi;ksx dj vejhdhukSlsuk us bZjku ds rsy HkaMkjksa vkSj NksVh ukSdkvksadks oLr fd;kA vejhdk us bjkd ds ,dflfoy;u gokbZtgkt dks Hkh ekj fxjk;k ftlesa290 eqlkfiQjksadh e`R;q gqbZA

gesaukSlsuk dh j{kkds fy, ;g djuk

gh iM+k!

oksgokbZtgktcl vkiij mQijls y'kdk ikuhgh iQsad

ldrk Fkk\

1988 esabjkd&bZjku ;q [kRe

gqvkA vejhdk us bjkd esablds fy, ,d cM+h iQkSt[kM+h dh FkhA ;g iQkStfefMy&bZLV esavejhdhvkf/iR; dks pqukSrh ns ldrhFkhA blfy, vc vejhdk usbjkd dks fu'kL=k djus dkbjknk cuk;kA

ryokjksaesa /kj

yxkbZxbZA


29/72

bl ckr ls lkiQ lcwr ekStwn gSafd vejhdk us igysbjkddksmRrsftr fd;k vkSj mlds ckn mls dqoSrij vke.k djus dsfy, yypk;kA vejhdk] lmQnh vjc vkSj dqoSr us bjkd ijdBksj vkfFkZd izfrca/ yxk,A blds dkj.k gh bjkd us dqoSr ijvke.k djus dh ;kstuk cuk;hA ln~nke gqlSu dh bl ;k stuk

dks vejhdk us rqjar gjh >aMh fn[kk;hA

^dqoSr dslkFk vkidslhek fooknij gekjh dksbZjk; ughagSA*

eSa;ghlquukpkgrkFkkA

vejhdhbEcSlh

tqykbZ1990 esa vejhdh jktnwrXySlih] ln~nke gqlSu ds lkFk ckrphr dsnkSjkuA ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd dksbZHkze u gks XySlih us dgk] ^tsElcsdj us gekjs vkf/dkfjd izoDrk dks bl ckr ij fo'ks"k cy nsus dks dgk gSA*

vke.k ds ckn cq'k ,d cM+s ;qdh rS;kjh esayx x;sA mUgksaus fdlhHkh izdkj dh le>kSrk okrkZdks udkjfn;kA fefMy&bZLV 'kakfr le>kSrs dsfy, bjkd] dqaoSr ls viuh lsuk gVkus

ds fy, rS;kj FkkA ijarq cq'k us bls HkhBqdjk fn;kA

^bl ckj mls,d vPNk lcd

lh[kus dks

feysxk!*

tktZ cq'k]fnlacj]1990

cq'k dks ekywe Fkk fd leL;k dks vkilh le>kSrs }kjklqy>k;k tk ldrk FkkA ijarqmUgsadksbZ le>kSrk okrkZLohdkjughaFkhA mUgsatYn&ls&tYn ,d fu.kkZ;d fot; pkfg, FkhAblds fy, bjkd dks cEcksa ls oLr dj mls ik"kk.k ;qx esaigqapkuk FkkA gtkjksabjkdh iQkSft;ksadks ;q dh vkx esa>ksadukFkkA bl ;q esa lkjh nqfu;k ds fy, ,d lans'k fNik FkkA

^tks gedgsaxs] oghgksxkA*

vejhdkuEcj ,d gSer Hkwyuk!

ns[kks] gekjsikl fdrus'kfDr'kkyh'kL=k gSa!

vPNsfnudh

'kqHk

dkeuk,a!

cq'k us bfrgkl dk lcls [kkSiQukd ;q'kq: fd;kA blesa mlus lkekU; cEcksadslkFk&lkFkDyLVj cEc(tks 'kjhj dsVqdM+s&VqdM+s djrs gSa)ukikYevkSjiQkWLiQksjlcEc(tks Ropk ls fpiddjmls tykrs gSa) vkSj;wy ,WvjfoLiQksVd(tks NksVs ,WVe&cEc gksrs gSa)

dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;kA

ckn esa vejhdk us^;wjsfu;e*ls ySal 'kL=kksadk bLrseky fd;kftuls vkt Hkh bjkdhvkSj vejhdh lSfudksadksdSaljgks jgk gSvkSj cPpksaesatUe dsle; vusdksa nks"k ik,tk jgs gSaA


30/72

cxnkn vkSjcljk 'kgjksadksyxkrkj cEccjlk djrckg fd;k

x;kA blesagtkjksaukxfjdksadh e`R;qgqbZA

bjkd tc dqoSr ls viuh lsuk dks okil fudky jgk Fkk rHkhcq'k us ,d Hk;aadj ;q NsM+kA bl ;q dk edln ,dnelkiQ Fkk & bjkd viuh lsuk dks dqoSr ls lqjf{kr ckgj ughafudky ldsA bjkdh lSfudksa ds ckgj fudyus dsnjoktscan

dj fn, x, vkSj ?kj okil tk jgs gtkjksalSfud dks O;ofLFkrrjhds ls cfy p dj gtkjksa bjkdh lSfudksadks [kkbZ;ksaesaftank niQuk;kA bl j.kuhfr ls bjkd dh j{kd {kerk iwjhrjg u"V gks xbZA

^dHkh&dHkh ns'k ds thoudkyesa oks ?kM+h vkrh gS tc mls [kqn dksifjHkkf"kr djuk iM+rk gS & ge dkSu gSavkSj ge fdu phtksaesafo'okl j[krs gSaA*

tktZ ,p cq'k(tuojh 1991)

,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj [kkM+h ;q esadjhc Ms


31/72


32/72


33/72


34/72

[kkM+h ds ns'kksaesacsbargk equkiQkdekus ds ckn cM+s dkjiksjs'kal usiwjs ns'k Hkj esafot; ijsMvk;ksftr dhaA blesa

fdlh dks dksbZvk'p;Zughagksuk pkfg,A

dkslksoks] 1999vYcsfu;u yksxksa us lkyksardlfcZ;kbZyksxksadk vR;kpkj lgkA1990 esavYcsfu;u fonzksfg;ksaus;wxksLykfo;k ls vyx gksus ds fy,;q 'kq: fd;kA vkerkSj ijvejhdk vYila[;d vkanksyuksa dklg;ksx ugha djrk gSA ;g vDljbl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fdml ns'k dh ljdkj vejhdk dh

pgsrh gS vFkok ughaA felky dsfy, bjkd vkSj bZjku esavejhdkdqMZ fonzksfg;ksadk lg;ksx djrhgSA ogh vejhdh ljdkj rqdhZdhfe=k ljdkj dks dqMZ fonzksfg;ksa dksdqpyus ds fy,


35/72


36/72

nqfu;k eas cgqr de yksx gSavkSj muesa[kkM+h ds yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSa tksfcu yknsu ds vkradoknh rjhdksa dk leFkZu djrs gSaA ij [kkM+h dsvf/dka'k yksx vejhdk ds izfr fcu yknsu ds jks"k ds leFkZd gSaA [kkM+hesavejhdk }kjk Hkz"V vkSj rkuk'kkg ljdkjksa ds leFkZu ls yksxksaesa HkkjhxqLlk gSA vejhdk fiQfyLrhu dk neu dj btjk;y dk i{k ys jgk gSAoks viuh lSfud rkdr ds cycwrs ij [kkM+h esavkfFkZd ikcafn;kayxkjgk gS vkSj viuh ckr eukok jgk gSA

cq'k ljdkj us rqjar vejhdhVsfyfotu pSuYl dks fcuyknsu ds fofM;ks&Vsi ds izlkjesa lko/kuh cjrus dk vkns'kfn;kA bldk 'kkldh; dkj.k\

fofM;ks&VsIlesa vkradokfn;ksads fy, dqNjgLe;h dksM

fNis gks

ldrs FksA

ij D;k fNis lans'k vejhdh x`gfoHkkx dh fpark dk eq[; fo"k; Fks\

njvly mUgsafcn yknsuds lans'k ds izlkj.k ls Mj Fkk & 11 flrEcjdk vke.k vejhdh fons'k uhfr vkSj [kkM+h esa mlds }kjk dh tk jghlSfud dk;Zokgh ij ,d rekpk FkkA

vxj vejhfd;kas dks irk pyk fdfons'kksaesa lSfud gLrk{ksi ls vejhdk ijvke.k gks ldrk gS vkSj ogka yksx ekjstk ldrs gSa rks fiQj vejhdh vke

ukxfjd vius ns'k }kjk fons'kksaesapyk,tk jgs ;qksadk leFkZu ughadjsaxsA

isUVkxu us ckj&ckj ;g djds fn[kk;kgS fd mlds uohure 'kL=k vU; ns'kksadks iwjh rjg oLr dj ldrs gSaA oksfons'kksaesagtkjksa&yk[kksayksxksa dks dRy

dj ldrs gSa vkSj ogka thou dk iwjkrkuk&ckuk rckg dj ldrs gSaA

vejhdhuhfr dk cnykugha fy;k tk;sxk;g lkspuk Hkhew[kZrk gSA


37/72

fiNys dbZn'kdksa esavejhdk }kjk fons'kksa esaNsMs+ x, ;qksadh vlyh dher dks fNik;k x;kgSA gesablds fy, [kjcksaMkWyj dh dherpqdkuh iM+h gS ij buesa de gh vejhdh lSfudejs gSaA T;knkrj rckgh vkSj dRysvke nwljs ns'kksaesagqvk gSA ij flrEcj 11 dks ;g rLohj iwjhrjg cny x;hA

rc rckghvejhdk esa igqaphA

flrEcj 11 dk vke.k ek=k ,d cnyk ughaFkkAmlls vejhdk dks HkM+dkus dk Hkh iz;kl FkkA fcuyknsu mEehn yxk;s Fkk fd vc vejhdk izfrdkj esacM+s iSekus ij ujflagkj djsxk vkSj mlds iQyLo:ifcu yknsu vkSj fiQnk;huksa dks HkrhZdj ik;sxkA bl

izdkj vejhdk ds f[kykiQ/eZ&;qesa oks lHkheqfLye ns'kksadk leFkZu tqVk ik;sxkA

ftrus T;knk'kghnmrus vf/dfiQnk;hu

cq'k ljdkj fcu yknsu ds cqus tky esa iQalhA tktZ cq'k usvkradokn ij ;qNsM+kA cq'k us fcu yknsu dhiq.; vkSj

ikidh j.kuhfr dks nksgjk;kA cq'k vkSj mlds lgk;d u dsoyfcu yknsu }kjk lq>k, ;q ds fy, rS;kj Fks cfYd rRij FksAflrEcj 11 ds vke.k dk gokyk nsrs gq, cq'k vc vejhdkdk j{kk [kpZ csbargk c


38/72

tSls&tSls nqfu;k ds lcls lEiUuvkSj rkdroj eqYd us nqfu;k dslcls xjhc ns'k ij cEc cjlk;soSls&oSls iwjs eqfLye txr esa yksxksadk xqLlk HkM+dk vkSj os lM+dksaijmrj vk;sA dsoy /kfeZd yksxksa usgh ughacfYd vke yksxksa us Hkhbl ;q dk tedj fojks/ fd;kA

vejhdk &vlyh vkradoknh

;q ls [kkM+h ds ns'kksa esavejhdk fojks/h Hkkouk HkM+dhavkSj mcyusyxhA eqfLye ns'kksa ij vke.k djus vkSj cEc cjlkus ls vejhdkds f[kykiQ uiQjr c


39/72

ljdkj ds fy, bu vkradoknh xqVksads f[kykiQ lcwrtqVkuk eqf'dy gksxk D;ksafd bu xqVksadks vly esalhvkbZ,vkSj isUVkxu us gh Vsfuax nh gSAyqbZ ikslkMkvkSj vkSjySUMks ckW'k blds thrs&tkxrs mnkgj.k gSaA bunksuksa us D;wck ds ,d ukxfjd gokbZtgkt dks cEc lsekj fxjk;kA blesa73 yksxksadh tkusa x;haA

^dSLVks dslHkh ok;q;kuyM+kdw tgkt

gSaA*

D;wck ds ukxfjd foekudks fxjkus dh i{k esavkSjySUMks ckW'kdkc;ku (1987)

blls igys fd ikslkMk dSjsfyl dksok;q;ku ekj fxjkus ds tqeZ esavkjksihBgjk;k tkrk] oks osfutqvkyk dhtsy ls iQjkj gks x;kA mls tYn ghlhvkbZ,lefFkZr fudjkxqvk&dksUVktdks gfFk;kj lIykbZdjus dk BsdkfeykA

lhvkbZ,dsvuqHko dsdkj.k eq>slgh ukSdjh

feyh!

^nqckjk la?k"kZesadwnus dh*

ikslkMkds lkFkh vkSjySUMks ckW'k dk ns'k lsfu"dklu jn~n djus esa vejhdh ljdkj usiwjh enn dhA cq'k ds firk tktZ,p cq'kus vius HkkbZ tsc dks i=k fy[kdj

vkSjySUMks dk fu"dklu jn~n djk;kA mUgksausdksVZ ds vkns'k }kjk vkSjySUMks dks ekiQhfnyokbZvkSj mls yksfjMk esa lqj{kk iznkudhA ckW'k us dle [kkbZ%

tjk lquks! eSadsoy Lora=krklsukfu;ksadks ghekiQ djrk gwa]

vkradokfn;ksadksughaA

vxj ukStoku cq'k lp eas lHkh jkT;ksadsvkradokfn;ksa dks idM+uk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsalcls igys ;g psrkouh vius HkkbZ dksnsuh pkfg, tk s yksfjMk ds xouZj gSaA

lquks tsc]rqe gesa mu

vkradokfn;ksadkslkSai nks] ugharksge dy lsyksfjMk ijcEc cjlk;sasxs!

ikslkMk] ckW'k vkSj mudhvarjkZ"Vh; xqaMk fe=keaMyh dks

lhvkbZ,iQaM djrk gSAlhvkbZ,ds reke[kqfiQ;k dkeksaesa cEccjlkuk] gR;k] dRysvke & ;glHkh vkradoknh dk;Z'kkfey gSaA

nqfu;k Hkj esa,sls reke ccZj xqaMslhvkbZ,dh N=kNk;k esadkedjrs gSaA buesa ls dqN & vkslkekfcy yknsutSls yksxksa us ckn esavius vkdk cny fn,A

xyr gqvkAmudh

fdruh mEnkVhe FkhA


40/72

vkradokn ij ;qlp esaliQsn >wBFkk vkSj mlds cgqr nq"ifj.kke Hkh gq,Aijarq cq'k ljdkj dks mldh cnkSyrcgqr iQk;nk gqvkA buesalcls cM+kykHk Fkk fd vc oks csyxke gksdj j{kk[kpZ dks euekuh rjg ls c


41/72

flrEcj 11] 2001 ds ckn vejhdk usfons'kh ;qksadk ,d u;k v;k; 'kq:fd;kA blls nqfu;k Hkj esa vR;kpkjiQSyk vkSj c


42/72

dkaxzsl }kjkfelkby lqj{kk dk;Zedk fojks/Hkh BaMk iM+ x;kA

felkby lqj{kk dk;ZefcYdqyvkradokn ij;qtSlk gh izksxzke FkkA bl vejhdh lqj{kk ds >esysls iwjh nqfu;k dks [krjk c


43/72


44/72

v;k; ikap

;q dh mQaph dher

,d cM+h lsuk eqr easrS;kj ughagksrhA gj lkyvejhdk viuh iQkSt ij

lSdM+ksa fcfy;u MkWyj[kpZ djrk gSA

MkWyj 396]100]000]000

lqj{kk ctV (o"kZ2003)

viuk fefyVh lkezkT; x


45/72

orZeku esavejhdk isUVkxu ds ctV] ,WVkfed&'kL=kksa] uklk] fons'kh lSfudlgk;rk] lSfud osYiQs;j] lwn] vkSj vU; lSU; [kpksZa ij gj lky 776fcfy;u MkWyj [kpZdjrk gSA

j{kk [kpZnl yk[k MkWyjizfr feuV ls

T;knk!

gj vejhdh ifjokj vkSlru gjlky 4400 MkWyj dk VSDlpqdkrk gS ftlls dh nqfu;k dhlcls rkdroj lsuk dk;e jgldsA

vc le> esavk;kfd ?kj [kpZpykusesa eq>s fnDdr D;ksa

vkrh gSA

eka] D;k ;s[kjhnsa + + +

vxj rqEgsavkSj dqN

pkfg, rks clvkokt nsuk!

D;ksafd dkaxzsl rksisUVkxu dks fny[kksy dj iSls nsusdks rS;kj gSA

bllslkekftdlqj{kkdk;ZeksaesadVkSrh gksrhgSSA

ge rks NksVs yksx gS& ge rks ctVughacukrs!

iqy] lM+dksa] lhoj vkSj ikuh dh ykbuksa dh gkyr[kLrk gS D;ksafd ljdkj muds lgh j[k&j[kko dsfy, [kpZughadjrhA

clksads fdjk, c


46/72

Ldwyksaesa cgqr HkhM+ gS vkSj mudh gkyr[kLrk gSA 'kgjksa dh cfLr;ksa esafLFkr dbZgkbZLdwyksa esa 80 izfr'kr Nk=k is NksVscPpksals

cgqr I;kj gS!

lpeqp! rks NksVscPpksa ij iSls [kpZ

djks feLVj!

eq>s oksVnks!

/Rr!

c


47/72

MXl vkSj nk: us yk[kksa yksxksa] ifjokjksavkSj leqnk;kas dksrckg fd;k gSA mlds ckotwn muds bykt ds fy,ljdkjh dsanzksadh csgn deh gSA tks gSaHkh os Hkh vkfFkZdlgk;rk ds vHkko esacan gks jgs gSaA

iSlksa dh csgnfdYyr gS!

D;k dgk\

fiQj rqEgkjs ikl 12,Wvj&kWV dSfj;jpykus dsfy, gj lky [kjcksaMkWyj

dgka ls vkrs gSa\

,d ,Wvj&kWVdSfj;j dks lky Hkjpykus ds fy, lkSdjksM+ MkWyj [kpZ

gkssrs gSaA bl jde ls67]000 yksxksa ds

fy, 17]000 edkucukuk laHko gksrkA

++ + ;k fiQj 16 yk[kxHkZorhefgykvksadks eqr esfMdylqfo/k,anh tk ldrh FkhaAblls gtkjksacPpksa dh tku

cp ldrh FkhA

+ + ;k fiQj 3]84]000 cPpksadks f'k{kk dsgsM&LVkVZdk;Ze

dk ykHk fey ldrk FkkA

++ + ;k fiQj 3]33]000 yksxksadksMXl vkSj nk:ds nq"izHkko ls

jkgr fey ldrh FkhA


48/72

+ + + ;k fiQj5 yk[k dqiksf"krcPpksadks lky Hkj rd fnu esa rhu oDr

dk [kkuk fn;k tk ldrk FkkA

+ + + ;k fiQj bl /ujkf'k dks ,d u,,Wvj&kWV dSfj;jij yqVk;k tk ldrk gSA

;w,l,l & jkusYM jhxu

oks ogh dj jgs gSa&,d u;k,Wvj&kWVdSfj;jcuk jgs gSaA

,Wvj&kWV dSfj;j

vkSj vU; feysVh 'kL=kksads fy, ljdkj dgkals[kjcksaMkWyj


49/72

tks yksx ,WVkfed 'kL=kksads IykaV pykrs gSa mUgksaus tkucw> dj muesadkedjus okys yksxksavkSj vklikl dh turk dks Hk;kudjsfM;ks/ehZ fdj.kksals iznwf"kr fd;k gSA vke yksx blds ckjs esa iwjh rjg ls vutku gaSA

,d ljdkjh vuqeku ds vuqlkj bujsfM;ks/ehZ IykaV~ldh liQkbZesa 25]000deZpkfj;ksadks 30 lky yxsaxs vkSj mldhdher 300 fcfy;u MkWyj gksxhA

vkSj bl [kpZdks dkSupqdk,xk!

blls Hkh T;knk,WVkfed&'kL=kksads ijh{k.k us if'pe dscgqr cM+s bykds esaHk;kud IywVksfu;e iQSyk;k gSAftu 458]000 lSfudksa us bu ,WVkfed ijh{k.kksaesaHkkxfy;k muesa ls cgqr yksx vcdSaljls ej jgs gSaA

csfiQ jgks] csVk!iwjh lqj{kk gSA

cl blp'es dksigu yks!

ijdSaljbu lSfudksard gh lhfer ugha gSA,WVkfed ijh{k.k ds iwjs bykds esa cls yksxksaesadSalj dk izdksi cgqr T;knk gSA ,d 'kks/ dsvuqlkj bl 'krkCnh ds var rd fliQZ ,WVkfedijh{k.k }kjk yxHkx 430]000 yksxksa dh ekSr gksxhA

IywVksfu;elSdM+ksa&gtkjksa lkyksard viuh tgjhyhjsfM;ks/ehZ fdj.ksafc[ksjrk jgrk gSA


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bl nk Sjku iwjs ns'k dh feysVh cslksaij gtkjksa&yk[kksaVu tgjhyk dpjkiQsadk x;k gSA buesa;q dsjklk;u]ukikYe] foLiQksVd] ihlhch] vkSjHkkjh /krq,a'kkfey gSaA ;g dpjkogka xans xM~


51/72

ftank cps lSfud [kqn yM+kbZds [kkSiQ ls ihfM+rgSaA fo;ruke esayM+us okys djhc 5 yk[kvuqHkoh lSfud ;q dsekufld rukoksalsxzflr gSaA fo;ruke ;q lekIr gksus ds ckn ftulSfudksaus 'kqnd'kh dh gS mudh la[;k ;q easejus okys lSfudksa ls vf/d gSA

cgqr ls vuqHkoh vkSj cwqylrs gSa] VSadksa}kjk dqpys tkrs gSa;k fiQj canwdksa}kjk ekjs tkrs gSaA

cwe

vejhdhukSlsuk

gokbZtgktksals rstjrkj gok esa

vlqjf{krgsfydkIVjksaesadwnrsle; lSfudksa dhxnZu VwV tkrh gSA

;g lc yk sx gekjs yM+kbZ ds izfryxko ds f'kdkj gSaA ;gh ugha] vkSj Hkhcgqr yksx gSa + + +

gj lky M~;wVhij rSukr lSdM+ksa

iQkSth vkSj uk SlSfudvkRegR;k djrs gSaA

dksbZHkh balku viekfur gksus vkSj ;q esa ekjs tkus dsfy, iSnk ugha gksrk gSA blfy, lSfud 'kklu 'kq: lsgh muds fnekx esatax dh laLfrBwalrk gSA

cSax! cSax!rqe ej x,!


52/72

Vsfyfotu] flusek]fofM;ks&xsEl vkSj f[kykSuslHkh ejus&ekjus dh laLfrdks egku djkj nsrs gSaA

lhlk [kkvks!canj ekek!

okg!

,d vksj gkbZ Ldwy ds fizafliy njokts can dj canwd/kjhpkSdhnkjksadks rSukr djds Nk=kksa dks MXk MhylZ] nykyksa vkSjvU; [krjukd yksxksals cpkrs gSaaA nwljh vksj oks lcls[krjukd yksxksa& iQkSt dsHkrhZ&viQljksadk fny [kksy djLokxr djrs gSaA

lsuk ukSlsuk

ok;qlsuk

dekaMks

;g HkrhZ&viQlj cPpksals >wB&iQjsc Hkjs rekejaxhu okns djrs gSaA

rqe cl b/j gLrk{kj djksvkSj fiQj ge rqEgkjh dkWyst dhiQhl nsaxs vkSj rqEgsaU;wfDy;joSKkfudcuus dh Vsfuaax nsaxs!

okg!

blls igys fd u;s jax:V iQkSt dh vlfy;rdks le>saoks mlesacqjh rjg iQal tkrs gSaA

eSaus dgk]bls pkVks!le>s

pexknM+!

tks yksx aV ij yM+us tkrs gSa oks vDljxjhc ukStoku gksrs gSatks dkWyst dh iQhl

ughanss ikrsA T;knkrj ds eka&cki xjhcdkedkth yksx gksrs gSaA muesals vf/dka'k& vhdh&vesfjdu] esfDldu]

fi;ksjVks fjdu] ewy&vejhdh vkfnoklhvkSj vU;vYila[;dgksrs gSaA bldkeryc tax esaejus okys T;knkrj xjhcyksx gh gksrs gSaA

blfy, fo;ruke ds'kghnksaesa22vhdh&vesfjdu

lSfud FksA

tcfd vkcknh esa

mudk fgLlk dsoy12 FkkA


53/72

lcls cM+k vU;k; rks ;g gS fd ;q 'kq:djus okys dHkh [kqn ;q esaughaejrsA firkth us eq> ls

dgk fdodhycudj eSa viusns'k dh csgrj

lsok dj ikmQaxk!

ekfj;k dkSV~Vksus bl vU;k; ds f[kykiQ viuhvkokt cqyan dhA mldk HkkbZ[kkM+h ds ;q esa'kghn gqvk FkkA

^eSaus Vsfyfotu ij mUgsa dgrs gq,lquk fd oks ;q esa[kjcksaMkWyj

[kpZdj jgs gSaA eSaus 'ks;j cktkj esamUgsa galrs&eqLdqjkrs gq, ns[kkA ;qds nkSjku oks brus [kq'k Fks tSls oks

dksbZ[ksy] [ksy jgs gksaA*

^D;k mUgsairk ugha fdblesayksx ejsaxs\ mUgsa

okdbZugha irk FkkA u gh mudsifjokjksadksA u gh muds cPpksa

dksA u esjs HkkbZ tSls yksx dksA*

bLekbZy dkSV~Vks &lmQnh vjc esatuojh 1991esa 'kghn

(mez 27 o"kZ)czkaDl] U;w;kdZ

bl ns'k dsesgurd'k yksx gh

fons'kh ;qksa dhvlyh dher pqdkrsgSa& vius[kwu vkSj

VSDlksalsA

ckdh lceykbZ[kkrsgSaA


54/72

isUVkxu ds Hkhedk; ctV ds dkj.kvke yksxksa dh tscksa esa de iSls ghcprs gSaA

isUVkxu

ij bllsdqNyksxekykekygksrs gSaA

;q

dkuiQk

djhc ,d yk[k daifu;kas dks isUVkxu ds Bsds feyrs gSaA ijarqbuesals cM+s Bsds dqN pqfuank cM+s dkjiksjs'kal dks gh feyrs gSaA

rw nwj Hkkx! eSa;gkaigys vk;k!

1999 esaisUVkxu ds Bsds

bu cM+s dkjiksjs'kal ds ekfyd viuh cs'kqekj nkSyr ds fy, isUVkxuds 'kqxqtkj gSaaA ;g lkjk/u vkids VSDlls vkrk gSA blfy, bldkdqN fgLlk okf'kaxVu esacSBs muds fe=kkas vkSj vkdkvksa dks Hkh feyrkgSA

isUVkxu dkslyke! ;gk avki 13 lsaV dscksYV dks 2043MkWyj esacasapldrs gSa!

tktZcq'k ds mijk"VifrfMd psuhmu liQy jktusrkvksa esa lsgSaftUgksauss feysVh&m|ksx ls csgn equkiQk ywVkA [kkM+h ;q dsle; psuh] tktZcq'k ds firk ds j{kk&lfpo FksA ml le; mUgsagSyhcVZu dkjiksjs'kudk lhbZvks fu;qDr fd;k x;kAgSyhcVZursy ds /a/s esaFkk vkSj mls [kkM+h ;q ls cM+k iQk;nk gqvkA,d cM+s feysVh Bsdsnkj dh gSfl;r ls HkhgSyhcVZuus [kjcksa

MkWyjksa dh dekbZ dhAfMd psuhds dk;Zdky esa gSyhcVZu dksfeyus okys ljdkjh Bsdksaesac


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v;k; ikap

lSfud 'kklu vkSj ehfM;k

dqN yksxksads fy, ;qequkiQs vkSjfuos'kdsvolj [kksyrk gSA

ij vkeyksxksa ds fy,;q dkeryc

vf/dVSDlvkSj e`rdksa

ds'kogksrsgaSA

vke yksx equkiQk[kksjksals vyx gksrsgSaA oks ;q ughapkgrs gSaA

;g yks! eSablds ckjsesa lkspwaxkA

D;ksafd yksx fons'kksa esa py jgs ;q essatkus dks rS;kjugha gksrs gSablfy, ljdkjh izoDrk mUgsaeuokus vkSjjkth djus ds Hkjld iz;kl djrs gSaA oks viuhnyhyksadksjk"Vh;rkvkSjns'kHkfDrdk tkek igukrsgSaftlls fd yksx muesa iQalsaA

ehfM;k mlle; dsnq'eu dkHk;kudfp=k.kdjrk gSA oks Hkkstu esa

cPps[kkrs gSaA

fo'oLuh;lw=kksa lsvHkh&vHkh

irk pyk gS fjDr LFkkuHkjsaA


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58/72

thbZdkjiksjs'ku dsfo'o Hkj esa Hkkjhfuos'k FksA oks pkgrk Fkkfd isUVkxu mudhlqj{kk djsA blfy,

thbZblfeysVh&m|ksx&dkEiysDldk ,dvfHkUu lnL; cukA

gekjk ;g lnL;okdbZesa mPpdksfV dk gS!

thbZdkjiksjs'ku ns'k esa rhljs uEcj dkfeysVh BsdsnkjgSA oks gj lkydjksM+ksa&[kjcksaMkWyj dk equkiQk dekrk gSA mlds }kjk cuk;s bysDVkfud iqtsZgj vejhdh ,WVkfed felkby] tsV batu] yM+kdwtgkt vkSj lSU; 'kL=kksaesayxrs gSaA ;gh oks dEiuh gS ftlus xksiuh; rjhds lsgSuiQksMZ U;wfDy;j'kL=kIykaV ls fo"kSyhjsfM;ks/ehZ fdj.ksaNksM+haA mlus gh iwjs ns'k esanks"kh vkSj

[kjkc U;wfDy;j IykaV~l dk fuekZ.k fd;kA

^gethounk;hphtsa

cukrs gSa!*

foYlu ds le; ls ghthbZvius fgrksadh j{kk ds fy,

ehfM;k dk mi;ksx dj jgk gSA1954 esamlus ,d foiQy ,DVj&jksusYM jhxudks viukdkWjiksjsV izoDrk cuk;kA mlus jkWuvkSj uSUlh dks fctyh ds lHkhmidj.kksals lqlfTtr ?kj esaclk;k vkSj mudk viuk Vhoh 'kks&thbZfFk;sVj'kq: fd;kA

thbZ us viusjktuSfrd fgrksads

laj{k.k ds fy, ,dHkk"k.krS;kj fd;kvkSj jhxu dks Fkek;kAjhxu us ns'k Hkj esabldk izpkj fd;kArc ls mudh gjsdLihp blhHkk"k.kdk:ikraj.k gSA

bl chpthbZns'kHkj esa u, Vhoh vkSjjsfM;ks pSuy [kjhnusesaO;Lr FkkA


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1986 esathbZusviuk usVodZ&

,uchlh'kq: fd;kA

xqM bZofuax! eSaVkWeczksdko gWawvkSj ;g,uchlhdh jkr dh

[kcjsagSaA

pkYlZfoYlu,uchlhds dk;Zeksa dk s ns[k cgqr [kq'k gksrkA ;g usVodZ foYlu ds lq>k;s rjhdksa ls turkdh jk; euokus esacgqr liQy gqvkA vkSj blesa,uchlhvdsyk ugha FkkA vkidks lHkh pSuyksaij ogh lans'klqukbZiM+sxkA

gekjh ;kstuk ,dnelgh rjg ls ykxwgSA

gekjh ;kstuk ,dnelgh rjg ls ykxw gSA gekjh ;kstuk ,dnelgh rjg ls ykxw gSA

[kkM+h ds ;q ds ckn cq'k ljdkj ds ,dmPpLrjh; ;kstukdkj us izeq[k i=kdkjksadh ,dcSBd cqykbZ vkSj mudh enn ds fy, mudk'kqf;k vnk fd;kA

^viuh uhfr;ksa dksturk ds xys mrkjus dkVsfyfotu gekjs fy, lcls

l'kDr ek;e FkkA*

fjpMZ gSl&jk"Vh; lqj{kk dkmafly(1991)

;g fcYdqy lp gSA Vsfyfotu ij 24 ?kaVs ;qdk dojst fn[kk;k x;k ftlds izk;kstdtujybysfDVdvkSj,DlkuFks vkSj ftls isUVkxu useatwjh nh FkhA

duZy ;gcrk;sa fd

vkids gkbZ&Vsd'kL=k dqy

fdruh ftanfx;ksadks cpkik;saxs\


60/72

;q ds le; lHkh Vsfyfotu pSuy fu"i{krk ds ekudksa dks rkd ijj[k nsrs gSaA

mu ij cEc cjlkvks! cEc cjlkvks! cEc cjlkvks!

ykSjsUl kWleSuihch,lvkSj,uchlhU;wt ds cgqr lkyksard izeq[k FksA mUgksaus izsl dsjksy dks bu 'kCnksaesa le>k;k%

^jk"Vifr dk dke,tsaMkr; djuk gS vkSj izsl dkdke ljdkjh ,tsaMs dkizpkj&izlkj djuk gSA*

lkjs usVodZ yxHkx ,d&tSls D;ksaa utj vkrs gSaa\ tSls gh OgkbZV

gkmQl lSfudksadks fons'kh vke.k ds fy, Hkstrk gS oSls gh gjpSuy ij ;q dk cq[kkj D;ksap


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62/72

ijarqtSls&tSls yksxksadks fo;ruke esagksjgh ?kVukvksa dkirk pyk oSls&oSls;q&fojks/h

vkanksyu cyidM+us yxkA 1969esa;q ds fojks/esa750]000 yksxksaus okf'kaxVu dhlM+dksaij izn'kZufd;k vkSj ns'k Hkjesayk[kksayksxlM+dksaij mrjvk;sA

ebZ1970 esa iqfyl vkSj uS'kuy xkMZ~l us;q&fojks/hvkanksyudkfj;ksa ij xksyh pykbZ ftlesavksgk;ks dh dsUV LVsV dspkj Nk=k vkSj feflflih fLFkr tSdlu ;wfuoflZVh ds nks Nk=k ekjsx,A mlds ckn 400 vejhdh ;wfuoflZfV;ksads Nk=k gM+rky ij x;sA;g vejhdk ds bfrgkl esa igyk lcls cM+k vkanksyu FkkA

tc iqfyl us vxLr 1971 esaf'kdkxks ekSjsVksfj;eds nkSjkurhu yksxksadks xksfy;ksals Hkwuk rc rhu fnuksa rd iwohZykWl&,atsyl 'kgj fonzksg dh vkx esa/gdrk jgkA

;q ds izfrjks/ us u;s&u;s :i fy,Ayksxksaus;q&VSDl nsus ls badkjfd;kA

feysVh lfoZlds igpku i=kksa dh yksxksa

ugha+s!ge ughatk;saxsA

us gksyh tykbZA


63/72

feysVh lfoZl dk lcls tksjnkjizfrjks/eksgEen vyhus fd;kA

eSaxksjksadsbl ;q esa

fgLlk ughaywaxk!

;q esalSfud vkSj gfFk;kj ystk jgh jsyxkfM+;ksa dks jksdus dsfy, yksxksaus ukdkcanh dhA

;q candjks!

Vsujksdks!

1971 esatc ,d cM+h HkhM+ usokf'kaxVu ljdkj dks rhu fnuds fy, BIi fd;k rks 14]000yksxksadks fxjrkj fd;k x;kA

vejhdkds bfrgkl esa;g lcls cM+hfxjrkjh Fkh!

fo;ruke esalSfudksadkvuq'kklu Hkax gks jgk FkkA ;gisUVkxu ds fy, lcls xaHkhjckr FkhA lSfudksa ds fy,yM+us dk dksbZokftc dkj.kughaFkkA mUgksaus yM+us ls eukdj fn;kA lkB ds n'kd dsvar esa viQljksavkSj lSfudksa

ds chp ,d rjg dk x`g;qtkjh FkkA ,d vejhdhfeysVh fo'ks"kK us isUVkxu dkslsuk dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esapsrkouh Hkh nhA

^gj ekinaM ds vuqlkj gekjhfo;ruke esacph iQkSt iru dh

vksj vxzlj gSA lSfud vkSjmudh VqdfM+;ka yM+us ls euk djjgh gSavkSj viQljksa ij geykdj jgh gSaA cgqr ls twfu;jviQlj vxj fonzksg ughadj jgsrks MXl ysdj ek;wl gSaA*

duZy jkcZV gkbZusy];w,l ejhu dksiZl (1971)

lSdM+ksa&gtkjksalSfud vkSj ukfodiQkSt NksM+ dj HkkxsA /hjs&/hjs

lSfudksadk laxfBr izfrjks/ c


64/72

fo;rukels okil ykSVslSfudksaus iwjs ns'k dks ogka gksjgs ;q dh Hk;kog dgkfu;kalquk;ha vkSj mls can djus ds

fy, laxfBr gksus dh vihydhA vizSy 1971 esa fo;rukels ykSVs ,d gtkj lSfudksausokf'kaxVu dh dSfiVy fcfYMaxds lkeus ,df=kr gksdj ;qesa feysesMYl vkSj rexksadks okil iQsadkA

n'kd dsvar rdvejhdk esa

vf/dka'k yksx

;q dk fojks/djus yxs FksA

;q&fojks/h vkanksyuds lkFk&lkFkvhdh&vejhdu]ySfVuksa] vejhdh vkfnokfl;ksa] efgyk vkanksyuvkSj vU;nfyr vkanksyuksaus Hkh vU;k; ds f[kykiQ yksxksa dh vka[ksa[kksyhaA

;q&fojks/h tksjnkj vkanksyuksads dkj.kvejhdh ljdkj dks fo;ruke lsgVuk iM+kA

jk"VifrfyaMu tkWulu

(1968)

fo;ruke ;q ds dkj.k vejhdh yksxksaesa ,diq[rk ;q&fojks/h Hkkouk iuih ftls vf/dkfj;ksausfo;ruke flUMksedk uke fn;kA

ml chekjhdk Hkwy djHkh uke erysuk!

^vke vejhdu dh jk; gekjhlcls cM+h detksjh gSA vxj gesayxkrkj uqdlku gksrk jgsxk rks yksx

gesa leFkZu ughansaxs vkSj gekjhljdkj dk s fxjk nsaxsA*


65/72

tc tktZ,p cq'k us [kkM+hesalsuk Hksth rks yksx igysls gh Hk;Hkhr FksA vf/dka'kyksx ;q ds i{k esa ughaFksA blfy, ,d 'kfDr'kkyh;q&fojks/h vkanksyu cgqrrsth ls iwjh vejhdk esaiQSykA

tYn gh yksx eksPkkZysdj lM+dksa ij

mrj vk;sA

;q 'kq: gksus ds rqjarckn gtkjksayksxksa us

lSu&SfUlldks vkSjokf'kaxVu MhlhesaekspkZfudkykA

ljdkj us ;qds leFkZu esajSfy;kavk;ksftrdjha ijarqmuesacgqr de yksxvk;sA

cxnkn dks dkjikfdZUx esacny nks!

vkWijs'ku MstVZ LVkeZ

tc cEc fxjus yxs rc ;q dks leFkZunsus okyk ehfM;k cgqr ls yksxksadks ;geuokus esa liQy gqvk fd ;q ds fojks/ls vejhdh lSfud [krjs esa iM+ tk;saxsA

ehfM;k ;gcrkuk Hkwy

x;k fd yksxksadks [krjs esa

Mkyus dh igycq'k us ghdh FkhA

[krjs lscpkus dsfy, geas;gkalsckgj

fudkyks!

tktZ cq'k ds firk dks irk Fkk fd mUgsa ;q

dks de&ls&de e`rdksa dh la[;k ds lkFktYnh [kRe djuk iM+sxk ugha rks yksx mudsfojks/ eas mB [kM+s gksaaxsA tc bjkd us yM+usds ctk, gfFk;kj Mky fn, rc ;q esa,d&rjiQk ujlagkj gqvk rks mlls cq'k cgqrizlUu gq,A

^Hkxoku dkcM+k 'kq gSA geusges'kk ds fy,

fo;ruke flUMksedks m[kkM+ iQsadk

gSA*

tktZ ,p cq'k] iQjojh 1991


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lf{kIr bfrgkl + + + lVhd] Li"V vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh!

(xgjs 'kks/ ij vk/kfjr] 145 lanHkksZa ds lkFk)

& yM+kbZls yxkovejhdh feysVh eulwcksa dk fny ngykus okyk nLrkost gSA*

&gkoMZ f>u& ys[kd &, ihiYl fgLVh vkWiQ n ;quk;VsM LVsV~l

^f}rh; egk;q] fo;ruke tSls rhu ;qksads vuqHko vkSj 33 o"kZiQkSth ukSdjh djus ds ckn eSankos ls dg ldrk gwafd ;g iqLrd vejhdh

eulwcksa dk lcls lPpk vkSj lVhd o.kZu gSA*&duZy tsEl cqdZgksYMj] HkwriwoZ vejhdh iQkSth

^vejhdk dh vkijkf/d lSfud dk;Zokgh dh dYiuk Hkh djuk eqf'dy gSA ;g fdrkc mls le>us esa enn nsrh gSA vc gesaml ij dqNBksl dk;ZokbZ djuh pkfg,A*

&jSels DykdZ] vejhdk ds HkwriwoZ vuVhZ tujy ,oan iQkW;j vkWiQ fnlVkbeds ys[kd

^vejhdh vkcknh nqfu;k dh dsoy lk

addicted to war (ladai se lagav) - joel andreas (hindi)

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