1 chapter 1 section 1 reading focus why were the italian city-states a favorable setting for a...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Chapter 1 Section 1 Reading Focus
• Why Were the Italian city-states a favorable setting for a cultural rebirth?
• What was the Renaissance?
• What themes and techniques did Renaissance artists and writers explore?
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Chapter 1 Section 1 Vocabulary
• Patron-person who provides financial support for the arts. (p.35)
• Humanism- intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues.
• Humanities- study of subject taught in ancient Greece- grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history
• Perspective- artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3D effect
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Renaissance Politics and Economics
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Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Economics
Revival of trade: 11th century
• Improved agricultural techniques
• Population increase• New trade routes• Improved
transportation A Renaissance-era moneychanger
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Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Politics
• City-states• Communes• New economic elite• The popolo• Oligarchies and
dictatorships• Condottieri
A group of condottieri
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Italian City-States
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Milan
• The Visconti family• Territorial expansion
The Sforza Family• Ruled Milan, 1450–1535• Francesco Sforza (1401–1466)
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Venice
• Major center of trade
• Doge• Merchant oligarchy
Customs House and entrance to the Grand Canal (Venice)
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War Between Venice and Genoa
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Venice in the 15th Century
• Mainland expansion• Constantinople• The Ottoman Turks
“The Capture of Constantinople” by Renaissance artist Jacopo Tintoretto
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Florence • Center of banking and textiles
• Bankers for the papacy
• The gold florin• Nominally a
republic, but controlled by an oligarchy of bankers and merchants
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The Medici Family
• Powerful bankers• Ruled Florence for most
of the 15th century• Cosimo de Medici• Patrons of the arts
Cosimo de Medici
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Lorenzo de Medici• Grandson of Cosimo• Assumed power in
1469 at age 20• “Lorenzo the
Magnificent”• The Pazzi consipracy• War against Rome
and Naples
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Rome and the Papal States• Renaissance
popes: both religious and political leaders
• During the Renaissance, the Papacy became more political and secular
A distant view of Vatican City in Rome
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Naples• Only kingdom in
Italy during the Renaissance
• Vassal state of Rome
• More feudal than other city-states
• King Alfonso (1396–1458)
• King Ferdinand I (also known as Ferrante; 1458–1494)
Statue depicting the coronation of the Neapolitan king Ferdinand I
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Patronage• Financial support
of artists• Means for the
wealthy and powerful to compete socially with one another
• Types of patronage Wealthy
Renaissance merchants, as depicted in a fresco by artist Domenico Ghirlandaio
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Women and the Renaissance
• Education• Roles as patrons
of the arts• Women political
leaders in Italy
Isabella d’EsteCaterina Sforza
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• Art in the Renaissance
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardo, The Last Supper
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Leonardo, Mona Lisa
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Leonardo’s Notebooks
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Michelangelo and the Sistine Chapel
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The Rebirth of Classical Learning
• The “rediscovery” of classical scholarship• Renewed respect for Greek and Roman art,
science, and philosophy
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Raphael, Pope Leo X With Two Cardinals
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The Rebirth of Classical Learning
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Describe the scene in the painting.
• What is the physical setting?• What appears to be going on? • How are the people in the painting dressed? What time
period do they appear to be from?
33
• The man in the red robe represents Plato, but he resembles a famous Renaissance figure. Who do you think he is?
Plato (Leonardo)
Heraclitus (Michelangelo)
Euclid (Bramante)
Raphael
• Why do you think Raphael made certain ancient philosophers in this painting look like key Renaissance figures?
34
• What are these two groups of men doing?• Thematically, how does this painting differ from
medieval paintings?
35
• Is this image realistic? • Why or why not?
36
• How does this painting make effective use of symmetry?
• How does Raphael create a sense of perspective?
37
• Does the fact that this painting was commissioned by the pope surprise you?
• Why or why not?
38
The Printing Press
• Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400s
• Made printed works cheaper and more readily available
• Increased literacy in Europe
• Helped spread new ideas
A replica of Gutenberg’s printing press