The RenaissanceAKS 38Ch. 17

EQ

• What is the Renaissance and what brought about this change?

• What were the impacts of the Renaissance and how does it still resonate today?

What differences do you notice between Medieval art/architecture versus Renaissance art/architecture?

Art and Architecture from the Medieval Period

Renaissance Art and Architecture

Compare

Medieval Renaissance

What was the Renaissance?

• Period following the middle ages (1450-1550)

• “Rebirth” of classical Greece and Rome

• Began in Italy• Moved to northern

Europe

Objectives

• During the middle ages– Find God– Prove pre-conceived

ideas• During the

Renaissance– Find man– Promote learning

Humanism• Pursuit of individualism

– Recognition that humans are creative– Appreciation of art as a product of man

• Basic culture needed for all• Life could be enjoyable• Love of the classical past - ruins• The spirit of the Renaissance was

secular… meaning wordly as opposed to related to God and church

Causes of the Renaissance

• Lessening of feudalism– Church disrespected – why?– Nobility in chaos– Growth of Middle/Merchant Class

through trade – why?• Fall of Constantinople

– Greek scholars fled to Italy• Education – Universities? What about it?• Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture

the glory of the Roman empire

Italian Background• Florence Italy

– Medici's—family of physicians– Money in banking– Financed wool trade– Became defacto rulers of Florence

Review

• What did we learn about in the last unit that created growth in trade and populations (especially in towns/cities)?

• What was the Renaissance?• What cultures did people look to for

inspiration?• What was humanism?• What were some of the causes of the

Renaissance?

The “Renaissance Man”

• Artist• Musician• Writer• Educated• Swordsman

Art

Artists• Michelangelo• Leonardo Da Vinci• Donatello• Raphael

Techniques• Realism• Perspective• Focus on human form

and beauty

Michelangelo

Da Vinci

Writers

Writers• Petrarch• Machiavelli• Dante• Erasmus

Objectives• Wrote in Vernacular , or

native language rather than Latin

• Wrote for self-expression or to portray individuality

Petrarch

• Father of Renaissance Humanism• Wrote 14-line poems (sonnets)• Wrote in vernacular and in Latin• “Love is the crowning grace of humanity.”

Petrarch – How does this quote differ from what would

have written during the medieval period?

Dante

• Like other humanists, he emphasized the virtues of intellectual freedom and individual expression

• "There is no greater sorrow Than to recall a happy time When miserable." — Dante

Machiavelli

• Historian and political thinker• In The Prince, he examines the imperfect

nature of humans“It is better to be feared than loved, if you

cannot be both. “Niccolo Machiavelli

Summary

• 3 - key ideas you think are most important

• 2 - things you need to study or learn more about

• 1 - question you have

The Northern Renaissance

• What two countries were engaged in war for over 100 years?

• What do you think happened when this war came to an end along with the Bubonic Plague?

EQ

• What was the Northern Renaissance?• What were the immediate and long-term

effects of the Renaissance?

The Age of Elizabeth

Shakespeare

• William Shakespeare– Regarded as the greatest

poet of all time– Drew inspiration from the

Classics– Revealed the souls of men

and women through dramatic conflict

Christian Humanists

• Erasmus– Wrote The Praise of Folly– Believed in Christianity of the heart rather

than a focus on ceremonies• What do we call the ceremonies in the Catholic

Church?

Before we watch the video, think about the most

revolutionary invention of your lifetime. How has it changed

the way we live?

Johann Gutenberg

• Invented the printing press• First book was…. Take a guess?

– The Bible• Produced books quickly and cheaply• This had a profound effect on Europe

– What do you think that effect was?

What were the effects of the printing press?

The Legacy of the Renaissance

Art• Realism• Classical Techniques

– What does that mean?

• Secular works– What does that mean?

• Vernacular Language– What does that mean?

Society• More information

available• Learning• Discoveries, maps, charts

– Where did this lead?

• Legal documents were published– What did this do?

• People began to question political and religious structures

The Legacy of the Renaissance

• What are the effects of the Renaissance that we still feel today?

Summarize what we have learned about the Renaissance

in one word!

The Protestant Reformation

• AKS 38

EQ

• What were the causes and effects of the Reformation

• Who was Martin Luther and John Calvin, and what were their contributions to the Reformation?

Setting the Stage/Review

• What was the predominate religion in Europe discussed thus far in the course?

• What was the primary focus of the Catholic Church?

The Protestant Reformation

• What is the root word of “protestant?”• What is the root word of “reformation?”

With an elbow partner…

• In 3 minutes….– Name as many things we have discussed that

have weakened the Catholic Church in Europe

GO!

Causes of the Reformation

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

• Protested Indulgences– Indulgences are pardons for sins given by the

Church• What journey might a knight have taken in the

Medieval period to receive an indulgence?

• Martin Luther wanted to reform the church– Reformation

Martin Luther’s Teachings

• The main ideas of Lutheranism– God only could grant salvation

• Who did Catholics at the time think could grant it?

– Teachings should be clearly based on the Bible

– All people with faith were equal• What did this say about the divine right of kings?

What do you think the Pope’s reaction was?

Protestants

• What are some of the Protestant denominations around today?– Lutheran– Baptist– Methodists– Many more….

Review

• What were some of the causes of the Protestant Reformation?

• What were Martin Luther’s teachings?

Divisions of Christianity

Try and find the answer to these ?’s in the vid!

• Why did Henry want to have his marriage annulled with Catherine of Aragon?

• What happened to Anne Boleyn?• What did Henry’s daughter Mary do when

she became Queen?• What did Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I do

when she became Queen?

The English Reformation

The Real Henry VIII Hollywood’s Henry VIII

Review

• Why did Henry want to have his marriage annulled with Catherine of Aragon?

• What happened to Anne Boleyn?• What did Henry’s daughter Mary do when

she became Queen?• What did Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I do

when she became Queen?

The Anglican Church

• Protestant church created by Elizabeth

John Calvin

• Protestant Reformer in Switzerland• Taught the Doctrine of Predestination

– The belief that God has already decided who goes to heaven (salvation)

• John Calvin's teachings are collectively called Calvinism

• LOOKING AHEAD: The Puritans were Calvinists– Who were the Puritans?

The Reformation Counter

• What does “counter” mean?• Also called the Catholic Reformation

– Reform in the Catholic Church• The Jesuits

– Members of the “Society of Jesus”• Three Goals

– 1. Founded Schools– 2. Converted non-Christians– 3. Stop Protestanism

The Council of Trent

• The Churches interpretation of the Bible was final

• Christians needed faith and good deeds to be saved, not just faith alone (as who taught?)

• The Bible and Church tradition were equal• Indulgences were valid but could not be

sold

Impact of the Reformation

• Catholic Church became more unified• Learning increased• As Catholic power continued to decrease,

individual monarchs and nation-states gained power

• Questioning beliefs and authority would lead to the Enlightenment – What does the word enlightenment bring to

mind?

Review

• Exit ticket!– Answer any three!

• What is humanism?• What were the teachings of Martin Luther?• What was the Anglican Church?• What were three goals of the Jesuits?• Name two results from the Council of Trent.• What was one significant difference between the

Renaissance period and the Medieval Period?

• Before modern science, how do you think people used to explain the world around us?

The Scientific Revolution

• A new way of thinking about the natural world– Observation– Willingness to question accepted beliefs

The Scientific Revolution

Medieval View• Geocentric

– What does this mean?

After Revolution• Heliocentric

– What does this mean?

Geocentric

Heliocentric

Copernicus

• Reasoned that the earth, the stars, and other planets revolved around the sun– Was he completely correct?

Kepler

• Mathematician• Used math the determine that the planets

revolve around the sun in elliptical patterns

Galileo

• Astronomer– What does an astronomer study?

• Jupiter had 4 moons and the sun had spots

• Stood trial in front of the Inquisition and renounced the ideas of Copernicus

• Lived under house arrest until his death

Scientific Method

• New approach to science

Question/Hypothesis Experiment Analyze/Interpret Data

Scientific Method

Sir Isaac Newton

• Law of Gravity explained how the same physical laws governed motion both on earth and in the rest of the universe

Review

• What was the scientific revolution?• How did it differ from previous views on

the natural world?• What was the significance of Copernicus’

theories? Galileo? Kepler? Newton?• What is the Scientific Method? How did it

differ from “old science?”