Ninja Turtles = Renaissance Artists

The RenaissanceEssential Questions: What are the characteristics of the Renaissance? What changes were brought to Europe during the Renaissance?

What is the Renaissance?

This was an era of “rebirth” of the art, architecture, thought, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome from 1350 – 1550.

In contrast to the Middle Ages, the Renaissance was an era when scientific, artistic, and intellectual thought expanded.

The Renaissance in Europe began in Italy and then spread to the rest of Europe.http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=55F55208-7575-41A4-9C64-B54119CC71E9&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Characteristics of the Renaissance

Recovery from disasters allowed Italian thinkers to become interested in their Roman past and the ancient Mediterranean world.

The Renaissance resulted in a change in the way people thought…

Characteristics of the Renaissance

1.Secular viewpoints were promoted (concerned with the here and now – not with heaven or hell)

What am I thinking about? Well, I’m not worrying about the afterlife.

Characteristics of the Renaissance

2. New views of humans emerged – emphasis on individual ability and human potential

humanism = study of the classics: literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

Humanism

Humanism – subjects to be studied:

GrammarRhetoricPoetrymoral philosophyHistory

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This affected education in Italy as well as the rest of Europe

What about today?

Today we refer to the study of literature, philosophy and art as the humanities.

Characteristics of the Renaissance

3. Artistic rebirth – wealthy merchants and families became patrons of the arts• What does that

mean?

Be a patron of the arts!Wealthy families and merchants provided funding for artists to complete beautification projects, murals, sculptures, portraits, etc.

The money and encouragement of patrons together with that of the church, made the masterpieces of Renaissance art possible.

Be a patron of the arts!

… because it makes you look good!!

Why did it begin in Italy?

Italy didn’t develop a centralized monarchy

Instead, it had several city-states

Milan, Florence, and Venice were 3 of the wealthiest and most powerful

Italian cities and merchants were wealthy = could afford to support the arts and this “rebirth”

Why were the city-states so wealthy?

Trade!With the east!Along the Mediterranean!Along the Atlantic Ocean!Trade routes established during the Crusades made Italian states prosperous

Lots of famous artwork was created during the

Renaissance…

Renaissance Artists

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)Italian inventor, painter, sculptor, architect,

engineer, and scientistConsidered a true “Renaissance Man”!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UVfIN2NM4E&list=PLuR75fCOsUQeOosGe9qtff5noJxQUrN_S

Renaissance: InnovationNew styles of art weren’t the only thing being created during the Renaissance.

In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg invented the first moveable type printing press in Europe

What do you think was the first book printed?

Gutenberg’s Bible, printed about 1455, was the first European book produced from moveable type

Printing

His contemporaries called it "the art of multiplying books."

The process soon spread to other German cities in the 1450s, to Italy in the 1460s, and then to France and the rest of Europe.

Before the printing press, how were books copied?

By hand! And most books were written in Latin.Books were expensive!Education was rare for most people!

Printing PressHow could a printing press impact society?

Books more common and less expensivePublic’s desire for knowledge increasedLiteracy improvedEncouraged scholarly research Demand was created for books written in various languages (native languages = vernacular)Prompted communication and learning

What was society like during the

Renaissance?Not everybody got to be rich and /or famous!

Peasants still made up 85-90% of the population

What about women?

What about the females?

Religion and morals were considered the most important things to learn = So they can become good wives and mothers

Don’t worry about history, science, or philosophy. Your role in society does not require such things.

Horrible Histories

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bP0WWUyUCAQ

Warm-up: Monday: Write and answer!

Vocab. review:

1. Salvation a. release from punishment

2. Predestination b. divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups

3. Protestant Reformation c. being saved

4. Indulgence d. destiny is already determined

Warm-up: Monday

Match each person with their description:

1. Martin Luther a. painter, sculptor, inventor

2. Henry VIII b. started Protestant Reformation

3. Johannes Gutenburg c. Invented the printing press

4. Leonardo da Vinci d. King with six wives

Warm-up: Monday Answer these questions!

1. What does the word Renaissance mean?

2. Where did the Renaissance begin?

3. Give one characteristic of the Renaissance.

4. List one subject studied by “humanists”.

5. What did Johannes Gutenberg invent in 1450?

Ch.12: The ReformationEssential Question: How did the Christian Church change during the Renaissance?

What is the Reformation?

Root Word: ReformTo change for the better

The Protestant Reformation is the name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups in the early 16th century.

Some background…People wanted to assure their salvation (acceptance into Heaven)

How did they believe this could happen?Collect relics!Gain an indulgence! (release from all or part of the punishment for sin)

Sale of IndulgencesIndulgences sold by the church!

“As soon as the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs!” (coffer = money box)

Why were people calling for reform of the Catholic Church?

Corruption was one reason:

Selling of church offices

Church officials concerned w/ money, failing to meet their responsibilities

And of course, the selling of indulgences

Martin LutherHe was upset by the selling of indulgences, so he sent a list known as the Ninety-Five Theses to church superiors.

Luther proclaimed the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt & should be reformed

Who was Martin Luther?

Martin Luther was a German monk and university professor who lectured on the Bible

He believed people could only receive salvation through their faith in God

Martin Luther

The Theses were printed and spread to all parts of Germany

A Break with the ChurchHow do you think the Catholic Church responded to Luther’s call for change?

They excommunicated him in 1521! (kicked out of the church)Martin Luther was made an outlaw – but he gained support of some German rulers. These protesting princes came to be known as Protestants

Protestant Reformation

Eventually the term Protestant was applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches. The effort that began to reform the church was called the Protestant Reformation.

Can you name any Protestant churches?

Protestantism Spreads

The initial changes occurred in Germany…

Protestant ideals spread across Europe , leading to the rise of various Protestants sects such as Calvinist, Presbyterian, Anglican, & Anabaptists

Calvinism

John Calvin was a Protestant

He believed in “predestination”:

Pre = Destiny =

Predestination - God determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned

Pilgrims that went to America followed ideals of Calvinism

Reformation in EnglandThe English Reformation was rooted in politics

King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife. Why?

She didn’t produce a son.

The pope wouldn’t annul his marriage, so what does King Henry VIII do?

He broke away from the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England

http://www.youtube.com/watch?list=RD-fadCAHjN-s&v=PCmogoGpnxg

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/index.html

Reformation in EnglandKing Henry VIII dies, his 9-year old son takes over, then dies, so his daughter Mary takes the throne

She was Catholic and didn’t like the direction the Church of England was going, so she had more than 300 Protestants burned as “heretics”.

Anybody know her nickname??

Catholic ReformationThe Roman Catholic Church responded with its own action called the Catholic Reformation-the church sought to retain its followers, reaffirm Catholic teachings, & improve the discipline & administration of church doctrines.

Catholic Response

The church revived the Inquisition, a court established in the 13th century to try cases of heresy, in an attempt to limit the spread of Protestantism by destroying the opposition.

Effects of the Reformation

By 1560, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Swiss Confederation, Italian States, & Papal States remained mostly Catholic.

England, Scotland, Denmark, & the northern German States became mostly Protestant.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5jKehF2Dhk

Crash course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE

Warm-up: Thursday

What things had to be invented before the printing press?

Warm-up: Monday

Match each person with their description:

1. Martin Luther a. painter, sculptor, inventor

2. Henry VIII b. started Protestant Reformation

3. Johannes Gutenburg c. Invented the printing press

4. Leonardo da Vinci d. King with six wives

EXIT

How could the invention of the printing press in the 1440s eventually lead to the settlement by Puritans in the U.S.?

Put the events in the order in which they occurred!

_____ Martin Luther attacks the church using printed material.

_____ King Henry VIII attacks the authority of the Pope when the Pope denies his annulment request.

_____The printing press is invented.

_____Many Puritans, who were Calvinists, protested the Anglican Church in England.

_____By the late 16th and 17th centuries many Puritans left for the “new world”. They wanted to find a place to practice their religion without interference.

_____ King Henry VIII breaks away from Rome and declares himself leader of the new Anglican Church.

Imagine you are a devout Catholic in Germany in the early 16th century (1500s). You have been loyal to the Catholic Church all your life, but lately you have been troubled by some of the practices of your Church, practices you feel are not in keeping with the true spirit of the Christian religion. You are not the only one to be troubled by these practices. A movement has been growing in which people—loyal clergymen as well as educated people, like yourself—are publicly criticizing the Church for its corruption and abuses of power and privilege. You begin to wonder: How can the Church be reformed? And, if it can’t, how will this affect the political stability and religious unity of Western Europe? Little do you know that the Protestant Reformation, led by a German monk named Martin Luther, is just around the corner.

Why were people dissatisfied with the Catholic Church in the early 1500s?

Why was Martin Luther the central figure in the Protestant Reformation?

What were Luther’s criticisms of the Church?

How did Luther’s ideas spread?

Why did Luther want the Bible to be translated from Latin into German and other national languages?

How did the Church respond to Luther’s 95 Theses?

What were the roles of John Calvin, John Knox, and Henry VIII in the Reformation?

How was Europe affected by the events following Luther’s excommunication? (How did the map of Europe change as a result of the early stages of the Reformation?)

Briefly predict what the Catholic Church will do in response to the initial events of the Reformation.

Liberal Arts: history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, math, astronomy, music

Purpose to study: produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom

Greek ideal: sound mind, sound bodyStressed physical education

Activities such as javelin hurling, tennis, archery, fencing, boxing, falconry, hunting

Model for the basic education for the ruling classes until the 2oth century

Family and Marriage

Father had authority over children – absolute control until they were freed= families were

patriarchal

Marriage was more of a business arrangement than for love

Dowry = gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage

Government:Niccolo Machiavelli

Pronounced Mac-ee-ah-vel-ee

He was a writer of philosophy, poetry, plays and music.

His most famous work is known as The Prince

A lot of his philosophy was about being a good leader.

He believed that a good leader sometimes has to get tough with people, and make very strict rules.

In his view, being tough was the only way to make sure people behaved themselves.