THE RENAISSANCEChapter 11

Characteristics of the RenaissanceSection 1

Contrast the Renaissance attitude toward life with the Medieval outlook.

Renaissance – “rebirth” Despised medieval times….ignorance Reveled in the present!

Contrast humanism and its effects with a Biblical view of man.

Emphasized individuals Humanism….but did not abandon

God….different than modern Humanism Misunderstanding of mankind….are we

good?

List the causes of the Renaissance revival of learning.

Trade, national governments Found works such as Cicero Lawyers Muslim and Byzantine writings,

classical literature

Describe the humanistic learning of the Renaissance

Humanities/ liberal arts: history, science, grammar, classical literature, philosophy

What’s the difference between studying now vs. then?

What was the goal of education? Ignorance = evil

Praise Cicero above all Searching for manuscripts

Course of the RenaissanceSection 2

Explain why the Renaissance began in Italy

1.) Ancient Rome 2.) Byzantine and Islamic Cultures 3.) Trade Route riches

Identify the patrons of the Renaissance artists and identify the Medici’s (Lorenzo in particular) as the most prominent patrons after the church

Bankers and merchants were patrons The Medici family

Manuscripts, libraries, painting, sculpting, politics, etc.

Lorenzo de Medici, “The Magnificent”, in Florence

1500s….Renaissance spreading!

Explain how the Renaissance moved to Northern Europe

Students Merchants Started by copying Italians, then

developing their own styles

“Italian Humanist Writers,” Introduction: Identify the city that was the center of culture in Italy and explain why it was the center of culture.

Florence Commerce, wealth, and all the talented

lived there

Florence

“Italian Humanist Writers,” Major Thinkers: Match each person with his description.

Francesco Petrarch – The pioneer of Renaissance humanism Composed Latin poems, modeling them after

classical poetry. Later, generations, however, remember him best

for his vernacular writings. In sonnets (fourteen-line poems) and letters to his

friends, he expressed human interest and emotions. In letters addressed to his heroes of the past-

Cicero, Virgil, and Livy- Petrarch places his own day on an equal plane with the days of ancient Rome.

The Father of Humanism.

Petrarch

Baldassare Castiglion – Wrote one of the most famous books on

etiquette (social behavior) published during the Renaissance.

He presents the Courtier as a man of character, well educated, courageous, and courteous.

Baldassare Castiglione

Machiavelli – Wrote The Prince. Tells his readers that a successful ruler must

do what is expedient and not be governed by principles of right and wrong. Such a man uses force when necessary, for ‘it is much safer to be feared, than loved’.

Promoted the concept of the secular state – one freed from moral restraints and religious principles.

Some scholars today think that we may have taken him out of context and misrepresented his teachings.

“Northern Humanist Writers,” Introduction--Contrast the northern

and Italian humanists:

Religion!

“Northern Humanist Writers,” Major Thinkers:

Erasmus: (1466-1536) Scholar, prince of Humanists Spurred Protestant Reformation, but

remained Catholic Praise of Folly Church reform First edition of Greek New Testament

Erasmus

The Praise of Folly

Sir Thomas More – (1478-1535) Piety, devoted to country Friend of Erasmus Wrote Utopia Beheaded for Treason!....by the king, his

“friend”

Sir Thomas More

King Henry VIII

Johannes Gutenberg: What did he do? Why was this so important?

Cervantes: Wrote Don Quixote

William Shakespeare Known as greatest playwright Part of Lord’s Chamberlain’s Men Globe Theater 154 sonnets 37 plays Why were his works so popular?

The Visual Arts

“The Visual Arts,” Introduction: Contrast Renaissance and medieval

artists.

P. 264

Renaissance vs. Medieval

Emphasized present physical world.

Supported by secular patrons.

Artists wanted fame and praise.

Realistic and 3-demintional.

Portrayed kings, merchants, and secular individuals.

Painting and sculpture were most popular.

Emphasized spiritual realm and life to come

Supported by church of Rome.

Worked for glory of God.

Flat and 2-demintional.

Portrayed church leaders, biblical characters, or saints.

Architecture was most popular.

Early vs. High Renaissance Painters: identify who were the major painters of the Early Renaissance (Giotto, Masaccio, and Boticelli) and who were the major painters of the High Renaissance (da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo).

Giotto de Bondone (1266-1337)

The most famous painter of the early Italian Renaissance.

Father of Renaissance painting. He opened a new era of art in the Western

world. Sought to make painting more natural. His

figures were more realistic and exhibited human feelings.

Three dimensional look. Famous for Frescoes (paintings on wet

plaster)

The Last Judgment

The Holy Innocents

Fresco at the church at Padua

Masaccio (1401-1428)

By means of shading, he created a three dimensional affect in his painting.

This technique enabled him to portray human figures with a realism that had been missing in the work of previous painters.

Holy Trinity

Rendering of the Tribute Money

Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510)

Added movement. Boticelli’s early paintings reflected the

humanistic spirit prevalent in the Medici court. Fell under the influence of the preaching of the monk, Savonarola. He became a convert,

His paintings took on a more religious and moral outlook.

The Adoration of the Magi

Madonna of the Pomegranate

Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498) (SAV uh nuh Roll uh)

Read section on page 265 together

The High Renaissance Painters—Describe the high Renaissance. The center of culture shifted from

Florence, to Rome. The papacy became the major patron of

Italian artists. High Renaissance artists mastered the

painting techniques that the Italian artists of the 15th century had pioneered.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Renaissance man. Interest in a wide range of fields. Accomplished sculptor, architect, painter,

musician, and poet.

The Last Supper

Madonna Litta

Pieta