presentation task 4 - 251013 (2)

8/14/2019 Presentation Task 4 - 251013 (2)

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KKKA 6414 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

TASK 4 : EU BEST PRACTICES


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NURUL LIYANA BT. RUSMAN

Group members


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To build a district with a good mix of functions(residences, leisure and cultural facilities, commerce

and agriculture) by taking into account environmentprotection.

OBJECTIVE


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The local authority in the city of Hannover decided in the

1990s to develop the new district of Kronsberg, close tothe areas of the coming World Exposition Expo 2000.

Kronsberg is an eco-district in Hannover built on 1,200hectares of mainly agricultural land on the city margins.

It is located in the south-east of the city and was the lastremaining area in Hannover suitable for a large-scalebuilding project.

Kronsberg is a settlement with exceptionally highecological standards, buildings offering above-averagequality of accommodation and semi-natural open spacedesign.

INTRODUCTION


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It represents a comprehensive example of visionary

urban planning and construction where it enjoys all

the advantages offered by an urban neighbourhood,yet it is in close vicinity to the countryside.

In the early 1990s, the issue of housing shortage wasone of the central topics on the political agenda. Astudy predicted that by the year 2000, there is a need

for 20,000 apartments in Hannover. Planned: To accommodate 6,000 dwellings for 15,000

people plus commercial areas with a clear ecologicalambition Ecological Optimization at Kronsberg

INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION


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Principal planning aim

To use space saving construction through high density.

The apartment blocks closest to the tram line have a floor space index relative to

the site area of 1:2. The density decreases gradually the farther away from thetram line the buildings are located.

Sustainability It is a priority to have close links between living and working.

2,000 jobs are located in the western section of the district. The districtsservicesproposed were 3 daycare centres, a district art and community centre, healthcentre, elderly care and shopping areas.

Residential structure To secure a stable social of mix residents.

10% of the housing stock were densely placed single-family homes, built in theuphill building zones. They were mostly terraced and owner occupied. Another90% were apartments in multi storey buildings.

CONCEPT


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Subsidies by the city and other sources, including the

EU, paid for the extra costs in both the larger systems

development and the building construction to allowthe project to function within the guidelines of theecological standards.

Publicly owned land was sold to private developersto raise money for public amenities.

Federal, state, and local officials created a housingfund to ensure that a mix of persons from differentincome levels would be able to afford to live inKronsberg.

FUNDING


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STRUCTURES


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CONCEPTS

Space saving construction through high density Mixed use : Residential and commercial

Resource efficient construction Environment would not be disturbed by reconstructionsand alterations.

Low energy house construction Non toxic certified materials used

Traffic minimilisation concept Water saving fixtures Most buildings are alligned parallel to the contours,

enabling them to make use of natural light throughmainly west-east facing windows


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Compact Structures & High Building

Density Aim : Low land take by means of high density

construction. Principle : Decreasing density and building height as one

approaches the countryside. The district is shaped by its wide meshed rectangular grid

layout creates frames for very varied block structures. The built up, urban quality of the town scape is the result

of design parameters that set the no of storeys, building

heights and lines along the streets. The highest densities, with a floor space index of 1.2, were

achieved in the relatively compact 4 to 5-storey blocksalong the main access road. As one approaches the hilltopthe development becomes looser, with 3-storey blocksand pavilion structures giving way to a terraced house

development beside the border avenue.


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This was only possible when the design had a compact

building form with few projections and recessions. Required space heating index 55kWh/m was made

possible through: Thicker insulation layer of walls. Airtight and windproof building envelops. Avoidance of thermal bridges. Installation of very well insulating windows.

Passive energy houses were also introduced: The grassed, ridged roofs were equipped with solar panels. Walls were pre-fabricated and super insulated. Houses were connected to district heating system.

Required 1/7 of the heating energy compared with

conventional new house.

Low Energy House Standard


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TRANSPORTATION


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CONCEPTS

Tram route

Traffic calmingAamenities within easy walking distance

Cycle priority route

Parking space restrictions


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Parking space: Car parking spaces are mainly arranged in small areas,

either set into the hill-side or at ground level.

To reduce the parking space needs in the inner courts, aparking space ratio of 0.8 per apartment was set atKronsberg. This was compensated for by a 0.2 increase inthe ratio for parking spaces on the public streets, whichmeans that they are better used over the day, and the areaneeded for motorised access in built-up areas is reduced.

Cycle priority layout: A cycle-friendly street layout with a designated cycle street

running the length of the district offers, together with adense network of rural and urban footpaths, an attractivealternative to private motorised transport.


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SOCIO-CULTURAL


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Central facilities:

Arts, community & advice center

Church & neighborhood center

Health center Social Infrastructure:

Kinderhouse with community bakery

Kindergartens

Primary school

Middle / secondary school FOKUS housing project

Habitat international housing project

Decentralized support for senior citizens

Space allocation for community use


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ENVIRONMENT


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CONCEPTS

Planning and construction emphasised on:

Environmentally friendly energy supply systems

Environmentally friendly building.

Preservation of natural resources.

This developed into the Kronsberg-Standard,obligatory for all developers, and was applied across

the board.

It especially affected the areas of energy, rainwater,building materials, and the ground.

The goal is to reduce CO2 emissions and household

energy consumption.


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Ecological standard energy:

Energy use optimisation.

District heating systems : Heating for all buildings issupplied either through decentralised gas-fi redcogeneration (CHP) plants, which are between 80-95%efficient, or through alternative and renewable sources ofenergy.

Low energy buildings. Electricity saving measures.


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SolarCity:

Solar district heating system

Passive solar houses : Passive solar houses in the project useheat exchangers to meet their heating needs. One of theCHP plants is run by fuel cells, and was a demonstrationproject for the Exposition.

Wind turbines : Two wind turbines provide 3,000 dwellings

with electricity. Photovoltaic cell technology.


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Water:

The Kronsberg Water Concept deals with the effects that alarge development can have on the local water table, the

necessity for water conservation, and raising awareness ofwater issues through visible systems.

The Mulden-Rigolensystem for decentralized retentionand infiltration of rainwater was used throughoutKronsberg to create a system of retention and infiltration

that would not cause large changes to the local waterecology.

Drinking water economy measures.

All precipitation on bult up and paved areas is absorbed.,collected and gradually released. Equiptment of all

apartments with water devices.


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Waste:

The Kronsberg Waste Management Concept includes

building waste, and domestic and commercial waste. Developers are required to use materials for construction

that are non-toxic and recyclable, 80% of construction wastewas not landfilled.

Systems for pre-sorted waste collection, encouragement of

home composting, and encouragement for retailers to uselow-packaging retail goods were part of the domestic andhousehold waste plan, as well as a densenetwork of repairand alteration services throughout the development thatencourage people to follow the motto mendit, dontdumpit.


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Open spaces:

Each building plan complemented to have open space; the

space need to meet up with high design and ecologicalstandard set up by municipality.

Street lined with trees and front gardens. Several largeplayground are laid out close to the apartments.

Open space is generally deived from the hillside location;

this is particularly apparent in the front garden withterracing and retaining walls.


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presentation task 4 - 251013 (2)

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