Colonial America

Colonial America1587-1770The Early English SettlementsEssential Question: Why did the English settle in North America?

The Early English SettlementsMain IdeaAfter defeating the Spanish Armada, England became more and more interested in establishing colonies in North America.

Lost Colony of Roanoke1584 Sir Walter Raleigh claims Roanoke Island for Queen Elizabeth1587 Raleigh sends John White, 91 men, 17 women and 9 children to RoanokeWhen English ships return 3 years later, all Colonists have disappearedThe Lost Colony of Roanoke

Lost Colony of RoanokeFor a time, the failure of the Roanoke colony discouraged others from planning English colonies in North AmericaHowever, the idea emerged again in 1606.Several groups of merchants sought charters, documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area, from King James I.The Virginia CompanyJoint Stock CompanyInvestors bought stock, or part ownership, in the company in return for a share of its futureSettlers in America were to search for gold and establish trade in fish and furs1607 144 settlers entered Chesapeake Bay and name their new settlement JamestownJamestown

Jamestown SurvivesColonists faced hardships of disease and hungerColony survives the first 2 years because of 27 year old Captain John Smith Experienced explorerForced settlers to workSought corn from Native Americans led by chief Powahatand

JamestownWinter of 1606-1610 known as the starving timeFighting breaks out with Native AmericansFinally, colonists begin to make money for investors by growing tobaccoRelations with Native Americas improve when John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powahatan

Jamestown

The House of BurgessesVirginia Colony governmentBurgesses meet to make local laws for the colony1619 First meeting of the House of Burgesses1624 King James cancels the Virginia Company charter and makes Jamestown the first royal colony in America.Why did the English settle in North America?They hoped to profit from resources found in AmericaNew England ColoniesEssential Question:Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in North America?

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The Pilgrims JourneySome Separatists in the Netherlands made an arrangement with the Virginia CompanySeparatists could settle in Virginia and practice their religion freelyIn return, they would give the company a share of their profitsOnly 35 of 102 passengers on board the Mayflower in 1620 were Pilgrims

The Mayflower CompactColonists on Mayflower drop anchor in Cape Cod BayBefore going ashore, the Pilgrims drew up a formal documentPledged their loyalty to EnglandNecessary step in the development of representative government in the new American coloniesMayflower CompactRead and complete questions that follow.Help From the Native AmericansFirst winter in America Nearly the Pilgrims die of malnutrition, disease and coldSpring the befriend two Native Americans (Squanto and Samoset)Showed pilgrims how to grow corn, beans and pumpkinsHelped them to make peace with WampanoagThe two groups lived in harmonyNew Settlements: New England ColoniesIn 1625, Charles I became the king of England. Charles objected to the Puritans calls for reform in the Anglican Church. Persecution of Puritans within the country increased. As a result, some Puritans wanted to leave England.MassachusettsFounded by Massachusetts Bay CompanyGovernor John WinthropPuritans chance to create a new society based on the Bible

Massachusetts Growth and Government1630s more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times in EnglandAt first, John Winthrop and the colonys stock holders known as The General Court made the lawsMassachusetts Growth and Government1634 Settlers demanded a bigger role in governmentThe General Court became an elected assemblyAdult male church members were allowed to vote for the governor and for representativesWhat does this tell you about their society?MassachusettsPuritans came to America to put their religious beliefs into practice. However, they had littler toleration for other religious beliefs. They criticized and persecuted people of other faiths. This lack of toleration led people to form new colonies in neighboring areas. ConnecticutDissatisfied with the way the Massachusetts Colony was run, the towns of Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield were established in the Connecticut wildernessThey adopted a plan called the Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutFirst written constitution in AmericaDescribed the organization of representative government in detailRhode IslandFounded by Roger Williams who believed in religious toleration and believed it was wrong to take land from Native AmericansReceived charter for Rhode Island in 1644First place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely (including Jews!)Conflict with Native AmericansSettlers move onto Native American land without payment or permissionEnglish settlers and the Native Americans compete fiercely for land throughout entire periodEventually, settlers and their Native Americans allies defeat the WampanoagNow the colonists are free to expand their settlementsMaking ConnectionsWhat did the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut have in common?Both provided organization in the form of govtWhy did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in N. America?Separatists: Escape persecution but maintain their religious values and English way of lifePuritans: Escape persecution and establish a new society based on their religious beliefs.Middle ColoniesEssential QuestionHow did the Middle Colonies develop?

Englands Colonies1660 England has two clusters of colonies in AmericaNorth: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode IslandSouth: Maryland and VirginiaBetween the two groups was land controlled by the DutchDutchMain settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan IslandCenter of trade and shipping due to its seaportDutch East India Company offers large estates to anyone bringing at least 50 settlers to New NetherlandWhy do you think New Netherland, later New York, was a valuable colony?England Takes OverEnglish want to acquire the valuable Dutch colony of New Netherland1664 English fleet attacks New AmsterdamUnprepared Dutch governor surrenders the colony quicklyEnglish King Charles II gives colony to the Duke of YorkNew York ColonyProprietary ColonyProprietor owns all landProprietor controls governmentNew York has a diverse populationGerman, Dutch, Swedish, Native American, JewishNew JerseyProprietors Lord John Berkley and Sir George Cateret wanted to attract settlers. They offeredLarge tracts of landFreedom of religionTrial by juryRepresentative AssemblyEthnically and religiously diverseWith no major ports, it was difficult for proprietors to make moneyPennsylvaniaIf given a choice, would you take land or money for a debt that someone owed you? Why?1681 William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker, received land as payment for a debt owed by King Charles IIWilliam Penn saw Pennsylvania as a chance to put his Quaker ideals into practiceQuakerSociety of FriendsBelieved everyone was equalPeople could follow their own inner light to salvationPacifistsConsidered a threat in England and were persecuted

DelawareSwedes had settled in Southern Pennsylvania before English took overCharter of Privileges allowed these lower counties to form their own legislatureThese counties operated as a separate colony under Pennsylvanias governorEssential QuestionAnswer the Essential QuestionHow did the Middle Colonies develop?NY: Thriving Dutch colony seized by the English; Major port; Proprietary Colony, Diverse populationNJ: Land and freedom offered to attract settlers; Diverse population; lacked major port so less profitable; Became royal colonyPA: Established under Quaker ideals; Welcomed diverse immigrants; Constitution; elected legislatureDelaware: lower part of VA; settled by Swedes; Allowed to function as separate colonySouthern ColoniesEssential QuestionHow and why did the Southern Colonies grow?

Establishing MarylandSir George Calavert, Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for his fellow CatholicsKing Charles I gave him a proprietary colony north of VirginiaCalavert dies, his son Cecilius inherits the colony and sends his two brothers to Maryland in 1634MarylandCecilius gave large estates to English aristocratsAs the number of plantations grew, more workers were neededThe colony imported indentured servants and enslaved AfricansEnslaved people in the ColoniesYearNorthSouthTotal1650880720160016701,1253,4104,53516903,34013,38916,72917108,30336,56344,866Enslaved People in the Colonies

Bacons RebellionWhile other colonies were being founded, Virginia continued to growSettlers moved west and settled Native American lands1640s Virginia governor, William Berkley made a pledge with the Native Americans to avoid conflictNative Americans gave Berkley large piece of landBerkley would keep settlers from pushing farther into their territoryShowed that settlers would not be limited to the coast.Bacons RebellionSome western Virginians resent Berkleys agreement to stay out.

1676: Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter in western Virginia, led attacks on Native American villagesBacons army marches to Jamestown and drives Berkley into exile1640s: Berkley makes pledge with Native Americans to avoid conflictOctober 1676: Bacon dies suddenlyEngland recalled Berkley and sent troops to Virginia to restore orderThe Carolinas and GeorgiaIn 1633, King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina. The king gave the colony to eight nobles who had helped him regain his throne. The proprietors set up estates and sold or rented land to settlers brought from England.Northern CarolinaGrew tobacco, sold timber and tarLacked a good harborUsed Virginias ports to conduct tradeSouthern CarolinaFertile farmlandHarbor at Charles Town (Charleston)Trade in deerskin, lumber and beef thrivedNorthern and Southern CarolinaTwo crops came to dominate Carolina agricultureRiceIndigo1719 Settlers in Southern Carolina seized control from its proprietors1729 Carolina became two royal colonies North and South CarolinaGeorgiaFounded in 1733 by James OglethorpeIntended as a colony where debtors or poor people could make a fresh startAlso set up as a barrier to Spanish FloridaSettled by hundreds of poor British, religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of JewsOglethorpe give colony to king in 1751Making ConnectionsWho was John Locke and what did he do for Carolina?English philosopher who wrote Carolinas constitutionWhy did demand for enslaved workers increase in the Southern colonies?The number of plantations increased as more settlers arrived, increasing the need for a cheap source of permanent laborAnswer the Essential QuestionHow and why did the Southern colonies grow?Use chart in notes