Colonial AmericaColonial America

Unit 1: Notes #1Unit 1: Notes #19/6/139/6/13

Mr. WelchMr. Welch

Creation of New EnglandCreation of New England English Protestants who wanted to English Protestants who wanted to

purify the Church of England of all purify the Church of England of all Catholic traces were known as Catholic traces were known as puritanspuritans They wanted to form a colony where they They wanted to form a colony where they

could practice their religion freelycould practice their religion freely In England, they were persecuted for their In England, they were persecuted for their

beliefs by King James I beliefs by King James I Some Puritans wanted total separation from Some Puritans wanted total separation from

the church they were known as Separatiststhe church they were known as Separatists

Coming to AmericaComing to America The Pilgrims were a group The Pilgrims were a group

of Separatists who set sail of Separatists who set sail for America in 1620 on for America in 1620 on the the MayflowerMayflower After a 2 months at sea they After a 2 months at sea they

landed in Massachusettslanded in Massachusetts There they signed the There they signed the

Mayflower Compact, a Mayflower Compact, a legal contract where they legal contract where they agreed to make laws for agreed to make laws for the general goodthe general good This is one of the first This is one of the first

attempts at self-govattempts at self-gov’’t in the t in the coloniescolonies

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony Inspired by the Pilgrims soon more Puritans moved to Inspired by the Pilgrims soon more Puritans moved to

New EnglandNew England Puritan merchants founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritan merchants founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony

The port town of Boston became the colonyThe port town of Boston became the colony’’s thriving capitals thriving capital Plymouth colony was eventually incorporatedPlymouth colony was eventually incorporated

John Winthrop became the leader of the MBC, he believed John Winthrop became the leader of the MBC, he believed that the colony should be a moral society model for others to that the colony should be a moral society model for others to followfollow

““We (New England) shall be as a City upon a Hill. The eyes of all We (New England) shall be as a City upon a Hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.people are upon us.””

The MBC grew quickly, by 1643 there were 16,000 The MBC grew quickly, by 1643 there were 16,000 inhabitantsinhabitants

John Winthrop & the MBCJohn Winthrop & the MBC

Rhode IslandRhode Island The strict rule of the MBC caused many to The strict rule of the MBC caused many to

leave the colony and settle new towns in leave the colony and settle new towns in other parts of New Englandother parts of New England

Rhode Island was founded by Roger WilliamsRhode Island was founded by Roger Williams He expressed that English settlers had no rightful He expressed that English settlers had no rightful

claim to the land unless they purchased it from claim to the land unless they purchased it from the Native Americansthe Native Americans

He argued that every person should be free to He argued that every person should be free to worship according to his or her conscienceworship according to his or her conscience

Rhode Island was founded with the ideas of Rhode Island was founded with the ideas of religious freedom and separation of church religious freedom and separation of church and stateand state

Economy of the NorthEconomy of the North Massachusetts: Shipbuilding, shipping, Massachusetts: Shipbuilding, shipping,

fishing, lumber, rum, & meat productsfishing, lumber, rum, & meat products New Hampshire: Ship masts, lumber, New Hampshire: Ship masts, lumber,

fishing, tradefishing, trade Connecticut: Shipping, livestock, Connecticut: Shipping, livestock,

foodstuffsfoodstuffs Rhode Island: Rum, iron foundries, Rhode Island: Rum, iron foundries,

shipbuilding, snuff & livestockshipbuilding, snuff & livestock

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania King Charles II, owed money and favors to King Charles II, owed money and favors to

many peoplemany people In order to pay them back he established In order to pay them back he established

proprietary colonies, or land grants to loyal friendsproprietary colonies, or land grants to loyal friends William Penn was awarded land as part of an William Penn was awarded land as part of an

old debtold debt He established Pennsylvania as a haven for He established Pennsylvania as a haven for

QuakersQuakers Quakers believed in pacifism and tolerance so Quakers believed in pacifism and tolerance so

people of all religions were welcomespeople of all religions were welcomes Penn also believed in the Native AmericanPenn also believed in the Native American’’s right to s right to

landland

New YorkNew York King Charles also granted land to his King Charles also granted land to his

brother James the Duke of Yorkbrother James the Duke of York The land had previously been claimed by the The land had previously been claimed by the

DutchDutch By 1674 the land was firmly in the hands By 1674 the land was firmly in the hands

of the English and the colony was of the English and the colony was renamed New Yorkrenamed New York

The colonist of New York were very The colonist of New York were very diverse having English, Dutch, diverse having English, Dutch, Scandinavian, German, & French Scandinavian, German, & French backgroundsbackgrounds

Economy of the Middle Colonies New York: furs, wheat, glass, shoes, New York: furs, wheat, glass, shoes,

livestock, shipping, ship building, livestock, shipping, ship building, rum, beer, snuffrum, beer, snuff

Delaware: trade, foodstuffsDelaware: trade, foodstuffs New Jersey: trade, foodstuffs, copperNew Jersey: trade, foodstuffs, copper Pennsylvania: flax, shipbuildingPennsylvania: flax, shipbuilding

VirginiaVirginia In 1607 In 1607 JamestownJamestown became the first became the first

English settlement to survive English settlement to survive Their economy was largely based on Their economy was largely based on

the very profitable tobacco plantthe very profitable tobacco plant Indentured servantsIndentured servants and African slaves and African slaves

were needed for the very labor intensive were needed for the very labor intensive harvest of the plantharvest of the plant

By the late 1600s it became more By the late 1600s it became more profitable for the tobacco farmers to profitable for the tobacco farmers to have only slaveshave only slaves

Maryland & the CarolinasMaryland & the Carolinas In 1634 Lord Baltimore established the In 1634 Lord Baltimore established the

colony of Maryland as a refuge for English colony of Maryland as a refuge for English CatholicsCatholics Catholics were also being persecuted in Catholics were also being persecuted in

England for their beliefsEngland for their beliefs The Carolinas and Georgia also started out The Carolinas and Georgia also started out

as land grants from King Charles IIas land grants from King Charles II In southern Carolina rich rice plantations grew In southern Carolina rich rice plantations grew

up along riversup along rivers Their economy depended heavily on slave laborTheir economy depended heavily on slave labor

In northern Carolina mainly had small farmersIn northern Carolina mainly had small farmers These differences led to their official separation These differences led to their official separation

by the kingby the king

Economy of the Southern Colonies

Virginia: tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron

Maryland: Tobacco, wheat, snuff North Carolina: naval supplies,

tobacco, furs South Carolina: rice, indigo, silk Georgia: indigo, rice, naval

supplies, lumber