Chapter 6Chapter 6THE ROAD TO THE ROAD TO

REVOLUTIONREVOLUTIONThis chapter begins a new era in This chapter begins a new era in

American history when people like American history when people like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams,

George Washington, Paul Revere, George Washington, Paul Revere, and Patrick Henry worked to end and Patrick Henry worked to end British oppression and create an British oppression and create an independent American Republic. independent American Republic.

This new era is called the This new era is called the Revolutionary Era.Revolutionary Era.

Big IdeasBig Ideas Laws are a reflection of the values and beliefs of

society and provide stability and order. Literature can shape social change. Significant events and/or leaders can create

turning points in history. Significant events within a nation can bring

about a change in a nations laws and structure of government.

Relationships between nations often lead to conflict.

Guiding Questions 1. How did British economic policies lead to the

American Revolution? 2. What roles did significant individuals play in

the American Revolution?

PROCLAMATION OF PROCLAMATION OF 17631763 Proclamation by King George III, statedProclamation by King George III, stated

colonists couldn't settle West of thecolonists couldn't settle West of the Appalachians MountainsAppalachians Mountains..

CAUSES:CAUSES: Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion & & French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War Britain wanted peaceBritain wanted peace (too expensive to fight (too expensive to fight

Native Americans).Native Americans). EFFECTS:EFFECTS:

Colonists were Colonists were FURIOUSFURIOUS they felt they had the they felt they had the right to settle land and that this was just an right to settle land and that this was just an attempt by the Britishattempt by the British to have more control over to have more control over them.them.

Many colonists had no land or had already bought Many colonists had no land or had already bought land as an investment. land as an investment.

Many Many IGNOREDIGNORED the law! the law! British was angry that colonists wouldn’t help pay British was angry that colonists wouldn’t help pay

for their own defense.for their own defense.

SUGAR ACT 1764SUGAR ACT 1764 11stst taxation without representation taxation without representation!!!!!!!! Taxed importedTaxed imported sugar, molassessugar, molasses, and , and

provided harsh punishments for provided harsh punishments for smuggling to avoid paying it.smuggling to avoid paying it.

CAUSES:CAUSES: Britain needed money to Britain needed money to pay debts from pay debts from

the French & Indian War.the French & Indian War. EFFECTS:EFFECTS:

Colonists said Britain couldn’t tax them Colonists said Britain couldn’t tax them since they had no representation in since they had no representation in Parliament.Parliament.

NO taxation without representationNO taxation without representation!!!!!! Upset merchantsUpset merchants since it affected them since it affected them the the

mostmost..

QUARTERING ACT 1765QUARTERING ACT 1765

NOT A TAXNOT A TAX!!!!!!!! Required colonists to Required colonists to house house troopstroops in their homes and give in their homes and give them supplies.them supplies.

CAUSES:CAUSES: Britain wanted troops to Britain wanted troops to keep peace & keep peace &

enforce the Proclamation of 1763enforce the Proclamation of 1763 but couldn’t but couldn’t pay because ofpay because of debts from the French & debts from the French & Indian War.Indian War.

EFFECTS:EFFECTS: Outraged colonistsOutraged colonists that they had to house and that they had to house and

support troops they did not want in their support troops they did not want in their homes.homes.

STAMP ACT 1765STAMP ACT 1765 TaxedTaxed all paper, documents, all paper, documents,

newspapers, books, playing cards, newspapers, books, playing cards, wills, deeds to property… wills, deeds to property… everything everything made from paper.made from paper.

Required stampRequired stamp on all documents to on all documents to prove tax was paid. prove tax was paid. Paid for with silver coins which were Paid for with silver coins which were

rare and very hard for colonists to get.rare and very hard for colonists to get. Taxed Taxed allall colonists colonists since it wasn’t a since it wasn’t a

tariff.tariff.

Stamp Act and Sugar Act Stamp Act and Sugar Act AnalogyAnalogy

Write an analogy that compares the stamp act Write an analogy that compares the stamp act to the sugar actto the sugar act

STAMP ACT 1765STAMP ACT 1765 CAUSES:CAUSES:

Britain needed Britain needed money money to pay for French & Indian to pay for French & Indian War.War.

EFFECTS:EFFECTS: PROTESTS,PROTESTS, some violent (burning the paper, some violent (burning the paper,

attacking officials).attacking officials). BOYCOTTBOYCOTT (refusal to buy) British goods. (refusal to buy) British goods. Sam AdamsSam Adams forms theforms the SONS OF LIBERTYSONS OF LIBERTY (a (a

secret society to oppose British policies).secret society to oppose British policies). Act was repealed (cancelled)Act was repealed (cancelled) finally in finally in 1766.1766.

Patrick HenryPatrick Henry Radical colonial leaderRadical colonial leader who was very opposed to who was very opposed to

British taxes. British taxes. Helped stage Helped stage boycotts.boycotts. Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Is famous for saying Is famous for saying “Give me liberty or give me “Give me liberty or give me

death!”death!”

Analyze this picture Answer the questions,

(1)Is there anything to be gained by protesting? Anything to be lost?

(2) Would you join the protest? Justify your answer.

(3) Does the government have the right to tax without consent of the people? Why or why not?

DECLARATORY ACT DECLARATORY ACT 17661766

Law said Parliament had the Law said Parliament had the supreme supreme powerpower to govern the colonies in to govern the colonies in any any way it saw fitway it saw fit, regardless of their , regardless of their representative assemblies.representative assemblies.

CAUSES:CAUSES: Britain Britain was trying to find ways was trying to find ways to keep to keep

power over the colonies.power over the colonies. EFFECTS:EFFECTS:

Tug of warTug of war between between BritainBritain and the and the coloniescolonies on who had control. on who had control.

TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767 Tariffs on Tariffs on glass, paper, lead, teaglass, paper, lead, tea, etc., etc. Suspended New York’s Assembly until they agreed to Suspended New York’s Assembly until they agreed to

house troops under the house troops under the Quartering ActQuartering Act.. Could be Could be enforced by issuing search warrantsenforced by issuing search warrants (called (called

writs of assistance)writs of assistance) to look for smuggled goods.to look for smuggled goods. CAUSES:CAUSES:

Britain needed something to Britain needed something to replace revenuereplace revenue (income)(income) lost lost from Stamp Actfrom Stamp Act and to pay for royal officials and to pay for royal officials to be housed in to be housed in colonies.colonies.

EFFECTS:EFFECTS: Serious protests occurred.Serious protests occurred. Colonists thought Britain was going Colonists thought Britain was going against natural rights.against natural rights. More boycotts and Sons of Liberty Protests followed.More boycotts and Sons of Liberty Protests followed. Trade with BritainTrade with Britain decreased decreased as colonists startedas colonists started making making

own goodsown goods.. Eventually boycotts were successful and Eventually boycotts were successful and all but tea tax was all but tea tax was

repealedrepealed..

Based on this picture, who appears to be at fault for the Boston Massacre?

2. Why might colonial leaders interested in independence want to blame the massacre on the British?

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre Tensions between colonists and soldiers was at Tensions between colonists and soldiers was at

an all time high in 1770.an all time high in 1770. SoldiersSoldiers were working for extra money in their spare were working for extra money in their spare

time and were usually time and were usually taking jobs away from coloniststaking jobs away from colonists who needed them.who needed them.

Colonists began to resent them.Colonists began to resent them. A group of soldiersA group of soldiers was beingwas being tauntedtaunted by a large by a large

crowd of crowd of colonistscolonists. The crowd was throwing . The crowd was throwing bottles bottles and rocksand rocks..

The The soldiers got scaredsoldiers got scared and and opened fireopened fire into the into the crowd crowd killing 5 people.killing 5 people.

This turned into a HUGE event that became a rallying This turned into a HUGE event that became a rallying cry for freedom. People looked to this incident as cry for freedom. People looked to this incident as proof of proof of how evil Britain was.how evil Britain was.

Paintings of the massacre were in all the newspapers, Paintings of the massacre were in all the newspapers, this this propagandapropaganda helped sway public opinion and helped sway public opinion and support towards the colonists and away from Britain.support towards the colonists and away from Britain.

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre The soldiers were arrested and tried in The soldiers were arrested and tried in

court for court for murdermurder Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks

1 of the men killed1 of the men killed African AmericanAfrican American

John AdamsJohn Adams Lawyer who defended the British soldiersLawyer who defended the British soldiers for for

the shootings, saying they acted in self the shootings, saying they acted in self defense.defense.

Sam Adams cousin.Sam Adams cousin. Believed strongly that the colonies were Believed strongly that the colonies were

being taken advantage of by being taken advantage of by King GeorgeKing George but but was trying to work for a was trying to work for a peaceful solutionpeaceful solution..

Since the discussion, in your opinion, which side is to blame and use text evidence to justify your answer.

TEA ACT 1773TEA ACT 1773 Gave British East India Co. control of tea Gave British East India Co. control of tea

trade and trade and forced colonistsforced colonists to buy only this to buy only this kind of tea. kind of tea.

Before the new law, most tea was Before the new law, most tea was smuggledsmuggled to get around paying taxes and to get around paying taxes and now everyone would have to pay.now everyone would have to pay.

CAUSES:CAUSES: Britain wanted money and to show Britain wanted money and to show control over control over

colonies.colonies. EFFECTS:EFFECTS:

Committees of CorrespondenceCommittees of Correspondence (Sam Adams (Sam Adams forms groups to discuss problem with Britain so forms groups to discuss problem with Britain so no one forgets).no one forgets).

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party, 1773Boston Tea Party, 1773

Groups of Groups of colonists dressed as nativescolonists dressed as natives board cargo ships in Boston Harbor.board cargo ships in Boston Harbor.

They take all the They take all the teatea out of the ships out of the ships and dump it into the and dump it into the Harbor.Harbor.

They did this in They did this in protest of the Tea Actprotest of the Tea Act.. Colonists were hoping to get Britain Colonists were hoping to get Britain

to repeal the Tea Act… instead Britain to repeal the Tea Act… instead Britain passed thepassed the Intolerable Acts to punish Intolerable Acts to punish the colony of Massachusettsthe colony of Massachusetts

INTOLERABLE ACTS INTOLERABLE ACTS 17741774

Also called the Also called the Coercive ActsCoercive Acts TO MAKE AN EXAMPLETO MAKE AN EXAMPLE out of out of

Massachusetts and warn other colonies.Massachusetts and warn other colonies. Closed the Closed the Port of BostonPort of Boston until colonists until colonists

paid for destroyed tea.paid for destroyed tea. Got rid of many Got rid of many Committees of Committees of

CorrespondenceCorrespondence.. Let British officials accused of crimes stand Let British officials accused of crimes stand

trial in Britain.trial in Britain. Let them Let them house troops in colonieshouse troops in colonies

whenever and wherever they wanted to. whenever and wherever they wanted to.

INTOLERABLE ACTS INTOLERABLE ACTS 17741774

CAUSES:CAUSES: Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

EFFECTS:EFFECTS: First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

The ColoniesThe Colonies

Unite!Unite!

To fight or not to fight?To fight or not to fight?

That was the question.That was the question.

Loyalist or Loyalist or Patriot?Patriot?

Many of the colonists weren’t sure Many of the colonists weren’t sure how to react to the taxation how to react to the taxation policies. Some werepolicies. Some were self-self-determineddetermined and wanted more voice and wanted more voice in the government.in the government.

Should they be loyal to the king Should they be loyal to the king (Loyalist),(Loyalist), or should they support an or should they support an independence movement independence movement (Patriot)?(Patriot)?

The Patriots UniteThe Patriots UniteIn 1775 In 1775 delegates from delegates from the colonies met the colonies met in Philadelphia in Philadelphia to discuss the to discuss the situation.situation.

John John AdamsAdams

George George WashingtonWashington

Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Their meeting Their meeting was called The was called The First Continental First Continental Congress.Congress.

11stst Continental Congress Continental Congress

Meeting held in Meeting held in Philadelphia in 1774Philadelphia in 1774 by by all the colonies except all the colonies except Georgia,Georgia, trying trying to decide what to do about problems to decide what to do about problems with Britain.with Britain.

Voted to Voted to stop all trade with Britainstop all trade with Britain until until they repealed the Intolerable Acts.they repealed the Intolerable Acts.

Each colony agreed to start training Each colony agreed to start training militia troopsmilitia troops in case they had to fight in case they had to fight Britain.Britain.

Patriot: “The colonies have Patriot: “The colonies have flourished (grown), and we don’t flourished (grown), and we don’t need a mother any more. We would need a mother any more. We would be better off if we made our own be better off if we made our own decisions.”decisions.”

Arguments of Arguments of Loyalists and PatriotsLoyalists and Patriots

Loyalist: “Britain is our mother Loyalist: “Britain is our mother country. She protects us and our country. She protects us and our trade.”trade.”

Loyalist: “The colonists would lose a Loyalist: “The colonists would lose a possible war and are greatly possible war and are greatly outnumbered.”outnumbered.”

Patriot: “We are determined to fight Patriot: “We are determined to fight for our rights. It’s only common sense for our rights. It’s only common sense that we should form a new country.that we should form a new country.””

Arguments of Arguments of Loyalists and Loyalists and

PatriotsPatriots

Midnight RideMidnight Ride Sam AdamsSam Adams had spies keeping watch on had spies keeping watch on

the Britishthe British The British moved to arrest colonial The British moved to arrest colonial

leaders in leaders in LexingtonLexington and attack and and attack and destroy a weapons depot in destroy a weapons depot in Concord…Concord…

As they moved their troops Paul Revere As they moved their troops Paul Revere and 2 other men jumped on horseback and 2 other men jumped on horseback riding throughout the night to warn riding throughout the night to warn colonists of the British troop’s arrival. colonists of the British troop’s arrival.

Midnight RideMidnight Ride

11stst Shots Fired Shots FiredBy the rude bridge that arched the flood, By the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,

Here once the embattled farmers stood Here once the embattled farmers stood

And fired the shot heard round the world. And fired the shot heard round the world.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson,

18631863

This quote is talking about the firsts shots This quote is talking about the firsts shots fired during the Revolutionary War… this fired during the Revolutionary War… this took place in Lexington. took place in Lexington.

22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress

Most important accomplishment was Most important accomplishment was creating the creating the Declaration of Declaration of Independence.Independence.

Delegates to the Second Continental Delegates to the Second Continental Congress voted to organize a Congress voted to organize a national army and appointed national army and appointed George George WashingtonWashington as its commander in as its commander in chief.chief.

Last attempt at peace…Last attempt at peace… Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition

Colonial leaders wrote a petition to King George Colonial leaders wrote a petition to King George asking him to leave them alone and to restore asking him to leave them alone and to restore peace. peace. King George refusedKing George refused to listen to their pleas. to listen to their pleas.

Common SenseCommon Sense Written by Thomas PaineWritten by Thomas Paine Argued that the only way to be a thriving, Argued that the only way to be a thriving,

profitable group of colonies was to become profitable group of colonies was to become independent from Britainindependent from Britain..

This book sold over 100,000 copies and was very This book sold over 100,000 copies and was very influential in getting people to join the influential in getting people to join the revolutionary leaders.revolutionary leaders.

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Written by Thomas JeffersonWritten by Thomas Jefferson "That to secure these rights, "That to secure these rights,

governments are instituted among men, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."consent of the governed."

Ensuring Ensuring UnalienableUnalienable (Natural) Rights. (Natural) Rights. Lists Lists colonial grievancescolonial grievances against King against King

George III.George III. Outlines what a government should beOutlines what a government should be