CHAPTER 6:THE AGE OF JEFFERSON

SECTION 1: THE REPUBLICANS TAKE POWER

ELECTION OF 1800

JEFFERSON(Burr) ADAMS(Pinckney)

Election Deadlock House Decides

• Burr & Jefferson tied with 73 votes– JEFFERSON SELECTED PRES–Burr becomes VP

• 12th Amendment—1804requires electors to vote for Pres & VP on separate ballots

Jefferson’s Inauguration

Goals:1) Wise Government2) Support States3) Reduce power & size of Federal Government

LAISSEZ-FAIRE Philosophy—”let people do as they choose”

JEFFERSON’S POLICIES

• Scaled down military spending

• Secretary of Treasury—Albert Gallatin (PA)–Reduced national debt

MARBURY V. MADISON--1803• Midnight Judges appointed by Adams– Jefferson Blocked Appointments Marbury Sued

• Chief Justice John Marshall created judicial review–Constitution is Supreme Law of land–Courts determine Constitutionality of laws– Extended power of S.C. & Federal government

SECTION 2: LOUISIANA PURCHASE• American settlers moved west over

Appalachian Mountains—PIONEERS• CONESTOGA WAGONS—Rifles & Axes

Louisiana Territory• Owned by Spain but American farmers could

trade in New Orleans Vital for Western Farmers to trade crops

• 1802 Spain changes policy & land sold to France

FRENCH THREAT

• Napoleon wanted to use Santo Domingo as Caribbean naval base

• Slave/Worker led rebellion successful

• Haiti declared an independent republic -1803

LA PURCHASE--1803Jefferson sent people to purchase New OrleansFrance sells whole LA territory for $15 Million:

LEGAL?

LA PURCHASE• Doubled Size of USA

• Provide cheap & abundant land for farmers• Natural resources & forts

LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION• Scientific Venture• Left St. Louis in 1804—via Missouri River • Traveled 18 months & 4,000 miles to reach the

Pacific Ocean• Sacagawea guided travel• Inspired people to move West

Pike’s Expeditions

• Pike explored Great Plains & Rocky Mts.• Pike’s Peak, Colorado

FEDERALISTS PLAN SECESSION

• Federalists opposed LA purchase– Feared territory would become Republican

• Wanted a “New England Confederacy”–Needed NY too

1804 ELECTIONRepublicans choose Jefferson but

not Burr

Burr runs for NY Governor–Hamilton against Burr costs

Burr the election–Burr challenges Hamilton to a

duel–Burr shoots & mortally

wounds Hamilton

SECTION 3: DAILY LIFE IN EARLY AMERICA

American Culture

• Growth of Population & Prosperity• Growth of Nationalism & Democracy

2nd GREAT AWAKENING• Equality before

God• Gave people a

purpose to improve themselves & society

• Converted African-Americans to Christianity

AMERICAN MUSIC• BANJOS & PIANOS• STEPHEN FOSTER

Songwriter

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

CLASSIC GREEK & ROMAN STYLES

JEFFERSON’SMONTICELLO

AMERICAN LITERATURE• American settings & characters• Strong, Brave, Honorable Characters• Theme appreciation of nature

A RURAL NATION

• NORTH—farmers & artisans –BIG PORT CITIES—RISE IN INDUSTRY–GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR MIDDLE CLASS

• SOUTH—plantations/slavery/cotton– FEWER TOWNS & CITIES

WESTWARD MOVEMENT• Rich Soil/Cheap Land for Farmers

• Difficult Life/Conflicts with Natives