Ancient Greece and Ancient Greece and RomeRome

Chapter Two World HistoryChapter Two World History

Mr. SimmonsMr. Simmons

Early Greek CivilizationEarly Greek Civilization

Mycenae was the first fortified site in Mycenae was the first fortified site in Greek civilization.Greek civilization.

Peaked between 1400-1200 BC. Peaked between 1400-1200 BC. Famous for the sack of the city of Famous for the sack of the city of Troy.Troy.

Story told by Homer in the Story told by Homer in the Iliad Iliad and and thethe Odyssey Odyssey

Epic poems were long and told the Epic poems were long and told the story of a hero.story of a hero.

The PolisThe Polis

Defined as the city-state.Defined as the city-state. Meeting place called the acropolis at the Meeting place called the acropolis at the

top of a hill.top of a hill. Different forms of government: Different forms of government:

democracy, oligarchydemocracy, oligarchy Large city-states of Sparta and AthensLarge city-states of Sparta and Athens Sparta – oligarchy headed by two kings Sparta – oligarchy headed by two kings

and council of eldersand council of elders Athens – aristocracy until the reforms of Athens – aristocracy until the reforms of

Solon and CleisthenesSolon and Cleisthenes

Classical GreeceClassical Greece

Period between 500 and 338 BCPeriod between 500 and 338 BC Pericles and the direct democracyPericles and the direct democracy Peloponnesian War between Athens and Peloponnesian War between Athens and

Sparta started in 431 BCSparta started in 431 BC Weakened Greek city-states 27 years of civil Weakened Greek city-states 27 years of civil

warwar Period of intellectual and cultural growth.Period of intellectual and cultural growth. Philosophy – Socrates – Socratic Method; Philosophy – Socrates – Socratic Method;

Plato – Plato – RepublicRepublic, Academy ; Aristotle - , Academy ; Aristotle - governmentgovernment

Discussion Discussion

What kind of democracy does What kind of democracy does America have?America have?

Classical Greece (cont.)Classical Greece (cont.)

Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture Dramas and TragediesDramas and Tragedies Aeschylus - Aeschylus - OresteiaOresteia

Alexander and Hellenistic Alexander and Hellenistic EraEra

The Great Peloponnesian War – The Great Peloponnesian War – weakened Greek city-statesweakened Greek city-states

Greece united under Macedonia Greece united under Macedonia (Phillip II)(Phillip II)

Alexander the Great – conquered Alexander the Great – conquered Persia in 331BC. Persia in 331BC.

Expansion of Greek cultureExpansion of Greek culture

Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Roman Republic (509 BC)Roman Republic (509 BC) War with Carthage (Hannibal)War with Carthage (Hannibal) Rome had two groups: patricians –Rome had two groups: patricians –

ruling class and plebeians – ruling class and plebeians – merchantsmerchants

Plebeians fight for social equalityPlebeians fight for social equality Who can be compared to Plebeians in Who can be compared to Plebeians in

American society?American society?

Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Julius Caesar ruled from 82-31BC.Julius Caesar ruled from 82-31BC. Octavian received title of Augustus – “the Octavian received title of Augustus – “the

revered one” emperorrevered one” emperor Five good emporers: Nerva, Trajan, Five good emporers: Nerva, Trajan,

Hadrian, Antoninius Pius, Marcus AureliusHadrian, Antoninius Pius, Marcus Aurelius Pax Romana – Roman PeacePax Romana – Roman Peace Roman system of Law – Law of NationsRoman system of Law – Law of Nations Roman Architecture – dome, arch, vault Roman Architecture – dome, arch, vault

(concrete)(concrete)

Rise of ChristianityRise of Christianity

Jesus taught the “golden rule”Jesus taught the “golden rule” Pontius Pilate ordered Jesus crucifiedPontius Pilate ordered Jesus crucified Simon Peter and Paul spread the gospel of Simon Peter and Paul spread the gospel of

JesusJesus Roman Persecution (Nero 54-68 AD)Roman Persecution (Nero 54-68 AD) Constantine – Edict of Milan – toleration of Constantine – Edict of Milan – toleration of

ChristianityChristianity Diocletian split the empire into east and Diocletian split the empire into east and

west each having two rulerswest each having two rulers

DeclineDecline

Two capitals Rome in the West, Two capitals Rome in the West, Constantinople in the EastConstantinople in the East

Attacks from Huns, VisigothsAttacks from Huns, Visigoths 455 AD vandals sacked Rome455 AD vandals sacked Rome Why do you think the Roman Empire Why do you think the Roman Empire

collapsed and could the same thing collapsed and could the same thing happen to a modern nation?happen to a modern nation?