UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME

Chapter 5 – Greece

Chapter 6 – Rome

Ancient Rome,500 B.C.– A.D. 500

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 4

The Roman Republic The Roman Empire

The Fall of the Roman Empire

SECTION 5Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization

CHAPTER 6

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the impact

of Ancient Rome and how it continues to impact our lives today.

Objective 1.5: Explain the main institutions of the Roman Republic.

THEME: The Roman culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.

CHAPTER 6 SECTION 1

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.

ROMAN LOCATION & GEOGRAPHY

Rome was the capital of the ancient

Roman Empire and present day Italy Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil

and strategic location Located on Italian peninsula in center

of Mediterranean Sea

Built on seven hills on Tiber River Rome was only a small town on the

Tiber River when Athens was at the

height of its glory.

The myth is that twins sons

Romulus and Remus of the god

Mars founded the city around 753

B.C. The gods, arts, and architecture

resembles the Greeks

THE ORIGINS OF ROME Latins, Greeks, and

Etruscans compete for control of region

Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C.

Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization

THE EARLY REPUBLIC Early Rulers

Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome

Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king Tarquin in 509 B.C.

Romans found a republic — government in which citizens elect leaders

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CITIZENS OF ROME Different groups struggle for power in early Roman

Republic Patricians — wealthy landowning class that holds most of

the power• Were elected to the Senate

Plebeians — common citizens, can vote, can’t rule• artisans, merchants, and farmers

Tribunes — elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights

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ROMAN LAW In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets

Twelve Tables - become basis for Roman law Tables give protection of law to all free citizens Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners

Twelve Tables are hung in the Forum

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EVOLUTION OF THE ROMAN FORUM http://

www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/evolution-of-the-roman-forum

MILITARY The Roman Army

Roman legion — military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness All citizens who owned were required to serve in the army

Rome Conquers Italy Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow

Rome’s Commercial Network Rome establishes large trading network Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome

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CARTHAGE AND THE PUNIC WARS

PUNIC WARS Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars — three wars

between 264–146 B.C. Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in first 23-year war Hannibal — Carthaginian general — avenges defeat in Second

Punic War Attacks Italy through Spain and France, doesn’t take Rome

Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C. Hannibal later poisoned himself rather than become a prisoner of the

Romans.

Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war

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PUNIC WARS MAP

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC — ASSESSMENT

Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables?a. It gave legal protection to all citizensb. It officially removed senators from powerc. It was written downd. It was publicly displayed

After the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in whicha. Power rests with a small minority who are supported

by the militaryb. Power rests with the citizens who participate directly

in law-makingc. Power rests with citizens who select their leadersd. Power rests with the nobility and the wealthy

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC — ASSESSMENT

Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables?a. It gave legal protection to all citizensb. It officially removed senators from powerc. It was written downd. It was publicly displayed

After the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in whicha. Power rests with a small minority who are supported by

the militaryb. Power rests with the citizens who participate directly in

law-makingc. Power rests with citizens who select their leadersd. Power rests with the nobility and the wealthy