yokogawa electric corporation isd-masp-s04019 copyright © yokogawa electric corporation september...

Yokogawa Electric Corporation

ISD-MASP-S04019Copyright © Yokogawa Electric CorporationSeptember 8, 2004

Solution Marketing GroupInternational Business Headquarters

Vnet/IP Network Guide

April 20, 2023

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ISD-MASP-S04019BEAT Project, Yokogawa Electric CorporationSeptember 8, 2004

Local Area Networks

Please reference the notes on most pages of this presentation.

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Ethernet – A Brief History

Original Ethernet– 1970s by Xerox– 3 Mbps– Carrier sense multiple access collision detect

• CSMA/CD

10-Mbps Ethernet Version 1– 1980 consortium

• DEC, Intel and Xerox

ANSI/IEEE Std. 802.3– 1985 official standard– Number of supplements since then. . .

• Takes advantage of technologies, network media, data rates

The terms Ethernet and 802.3 are used interchangeably and refer to the IEEE 802.3

standard.

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Ethernet Network Topologies

Ethernet Bus Topology– Original Ethernet Networks– Coaxial media

• 10Base5 coax (thick-wire Ethernet)– More or less has disappeared

• 10Base2 coax (thin-wire Ethernet)– Becoming less common

Ethernet bus segment

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Ethernet Network Topologies (2)

The star-connected topology– Adopted since the 1990s– Central network unit

• Hub• Switch/Router

– All connections are point-to-point• Twisted-pair copper wire, or• Optical fiber cable

Ethernet Star-topology

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Ethernet Network Topologies (3)

Star-topology– 3 data rates currently defined for optical fiber and

twisted-pair cables:• 10 Mbps – 10Base-T Ethernet• 100 Mbps – Fast Ethernet• 1000 Mbps – Gigabit Ethernet

Ethernet Media– 2 general types of copper cable

• UTP – unshielded twisted-pair; Category 3, 4, 5, 5E and 6• STP – shielded twisted-pair; Category 3, 4, 5, 5E and 6

– Cat 7 cable is designed for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

– Several types of optical fiber cable• Multi-mode

– 50/125 um– 62.5/125 um

• Single mode– 9/125 um

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Ethernet Media

10Base-T 10 2 pairs of UTP Cat 3 or better supported 100100Base-TX 100 2 pairs of UTP Cat 5 or better supported 100

or Type 1 STP100Base-FX 100 1 pair of F.O. MM 50/125 µm 5000

MM 62.5/126 µm 40001000Base-TX 1000 4 pairs of UTP Cat 5E, 6 & upsupported1001000Base-CX 1000 4 pairs of STP Cat 5E, 6 & up supported 251000Base-SX 1000 1 pair of F.O. MM 50/125 µm 500

MM 62.5/126 µm 2201000Base-LX 1000 1 pair of F.O. MM 50/125 µm 1100

MM 62.5/126 µm 550SM 9/125 µm 13,750

Ethernet Speed Cabling Cable Type Full DistanceVersion Mbps Duplex meters

MM = multimodeSM = single mode1000Base-TX is also called 1000Base-TSX = short wavelength fiberLX = long wavelength fiber

Note: • Optical Fiber length depends upon mediaType and light source quality.• Copper cable lengths will affect 1 gigabit

Ethernet performance.

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The terms “Layer” and “Level” are used interchangeably in Ethernet documentation.

OSI Reference Model

OSI Model

Application Layer 7

Presentation Layer 6

Session Layer 5

Transport Layer 4

Network Layer 3

Data Link Layer 2

Physical Layer 1

L4-Switch

Router, L3-Switch

Switch

Hub

IEEE 802.3Reference

Model

MAC-clientMedia Access (MAC)

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Traffic Regulators

Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Firewalls– All work together to create different types of

network roadways• Devices to regulate speed

– Hub• Devices to manage flow of traffic, opening, closing,

and directing it to specific streets (IP address).– Router

• Devices to open a connection between two communicating computers and nobody else (virtual connections).

– Switch• Devices to protect sensitive information

– Bridges, routers and firewalls (hardware or software)– Bridges have been replaced with switches and

routers

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Hub

A Hub is a layer 1 device– It gathers the signals from each individual

computer, optionally amplifies each signal, and then sends the signal out to all other computers.

– All computers see all the traffic.• Therefore one computer can take all bandwidth

away from everyone else.

– Hubs only deal with the physical layer of Ethernet.

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Switches

A Switch is like a hub– Gathers signals from devices that are connected

to it and then regenerates a new copy of each signal

Creates a virtual circuit between sender and receiver– Allows the sender and receiver momentarily to

exchange information without intrusion– Ensures that information travels directly

between communicating computers– Time out on ports to free virtual circuits for

reuse.

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Switches (2)

Can be used to create virtual LANs (VLAN) between switches to partition departments or user groups.Switches read/use the MAC address– Reason why it is called a layer 2 device

Purchase a switch that is compatible with your physical network and data link protocols– Don’t mix manufacturers

New offerings of switches that examine OSI layer 3– Network routing– Information from the IP portion of the message– Blurs distinction between switches and routers

Use a switch that is “auto-sensing” (10,100,1000)

Managed or Un-managed switchSpanning Tree Protocol (STP) between switches to kill redundant circuits to prevent infinite loops

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Layer 3 Switch

Hybrid– Combines the packet handling of routers

and the speed of switching

Multi-layer Switch– Operate on both layer 2 and 3 of the OSI

model

Aimed at the core of large enterprise networksAlso called routing switches or IP switches

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Bridge

Connects 2 or more LANs with different physical and data-link level protocolsFilters information– Network traffic on one portion of the network

does not congest the rest of the network

May consist of standalone hardware or of software running on a serverRelatively simple and efficient traffic regulators– Have been replaced by more powerful

switches and routers

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Router

Primary purpose (work at layer 3)– Connect two or more networks– Precise filtering network signals

• Only desired information travels between them

Inspects more information that switches– Can be programmed and customized

Aware of many possible paths across a networkMust learn a formidable amount of information about the network(s)Begin acting like a firewall

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Traffic Regulators

Hubs, switches, bridges, and routers can interconnect two different kinds of networks such as 10BaseT and 1000BaseTX.Hubs (unlike switches, bridges and routers) do not filter traffic between two networks.– Hubs are slowly being replaced by switches

Bridges have disappeared.Switches have the unique capability to enable communicating devices momentarily to utilize the full bandwidth of the network.Switches (and hubs) cannot accommodate the variety of protocols and cabling types that bridges can.Routers cost more, more difficult to install and manage but they filter and route more precisely.

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Vnet/IPOutline

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Concept of Vnet/IP Functions

PLC communicationPLC communicationHIS-HIS HIS-HIS communicationcommunicationOpen Open

communicationcommunication

Control Control communicationcommunication

Bus 1Bus 1

OPC

Open Vnet

PLC

Open

HIS

Open Vnet

HIS

Open Vnet

Control Control communicationcommunication

GSGW

Open Vnet

APCS

Open Vnet

FCS

Vnet

Bus 2Bus 2

Yokogawa’s dedicated hardware

Exaquantum

Open

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Vnet/IP Features (Band Partitioning Control)

BUS1Control

BUS2Open & Control

(as backup)

(Open)Reserved

Control Comm.

Diagnosis

In case ofError on BUS1,switchControl Comm.to BUS2

OpenComm.

1 Gbps 1 Gbps

Spare forControl Comm.

Backup

Yokog

aw

a

Vn

et/IP

Eth

ern

et

(TC

P/

IP)

Control comm.: Uses BUS1– When problem on BUS1,

switch over to BUS2.Open comm.: Uses BUS2– For Yokogawa packages

• Yokogawa packages like PRM, Exaopc, GSGW use this band.

– For general-purpose Ethernet

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Vnet/IP Network Configuration

Field networkField network

PRMPRM

GSGGSGWW

PLCPLC

ExaopcExaopcENGENG

FFCS-LFFCS-L

HISHIS

CS3000 on CS3000 on VnetVnetCSCS

OPC OPC ServerServer

CS CS 10001000

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Connection of General-purpose Ethernet equipment

HIS/ENG

FFCS-L

GSGW

Vnet/IP Bus2 can connect the general-purpose Ethernet equipmentas total 300Mbps.Connecting Ethernet equipment, you have to control the network trafficwith 100Mbps Switching Hub.

BB usus22

OPC Server

PLCCCTV

HIS-TS HIS-TS

Client

100 Mb switching hub for traffic control

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Vnet/IP Network Configuration Example 1

FCS(FFCS-L)

ENG/HIS

L2 switch

L2 switch

Red: BUS1 (Control)Black: BUS2 (Open)

Minimum configuration Minimum configuration exampleexample

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Vnet/IP Network Configuration Example 2

L3 switch1 Gbps

Example of multiple-domain Example of multiple-domain configurationconfiguration

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Domain 2

VnetVnet

Domain 3 Domain 4

Domain Integration Domain Integration

Vnet routerVnet router

VnetVnet VnetVnet

Vnet/IPVnet/IP

Domain 1

Max 16 DomainsTotal domain number =Vnet domain + Vnet/IP domain

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The mechanism of Switch Over

Bus1 Bus2

HIS02

HIS01

FCS01

HIS01-SW2 FAIL

SW1

SW3 SW6

SW2 SW5

SW4 HIS01-FCS01: Bus2Bus2

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Bus1 Bus2

HIS02

HIS01

FCS01

HIS01-SW2 FAIL

SW1

SW3 SW6

SW2 SW5

SW4 HIS02-FCS01: Bus1

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Bus1 Bus2

HIS02

HIS01

FCS01

HIS01-SW2 Recover

SW1

SW3 SW6

SW2 SW5

SW4 HIS01-FCS01: Bus1

HIS02-FCS01: Bus1

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Basic Network Information

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What is L2/L3?

OSI Model

L3-Switch

L2-Switch

protocol

Application Layer 7

Presentation Layer 6

Session Layer 5

Transport Layer 4

Network Layer 3

Data Link Layer 2

Physical Layer 1

MacEthernet

IP

TCP/UDP

FTP,HTTPPOP,SNTPetc

L3SW uses IP(Internet protocol) address

L2SW uses MAC(Media Access Control ) address

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What is MAC address?

MAC address is managed by IEEE and Vender.YOKOGAWA manages MAC address of Vnet/IP interface (VI701 and CPU of FFCS-L).MAC address is unique address.

24bit 24bit

MAC address

IEEE Vender

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IP Address

Global IP Address.– Global IP address is unique address.– Global address is used in the internet.

Private IP Address.– Private address is used in the intranet.

Vnet/IP uses Private IP AddressVnet/IP uses Private IP Address

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What is IP address-2?

IP address has some classes.For example (Class C and Class B)IP address has network address and host address.

192 168 10 100

Network address:24bit

Host address:8bit

172 16 1 24

Network address:16bit Host address:16bit

Class C

Class B

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Vnet/IP IP Address Information

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Vnet/IP Interface of FFCS-L

FFCS-L(Duplex) has four 1000BASE-T I/F

CPU(Left) CPU(Right)

BUS1 BUS2 BUS1 BUS2

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Vnet/IP Interface of VI701

VI701 has two 1000BASE-T I/F

VI701(Vnet/IP PCI Card)

BUS1 BUS2

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Vnet/IP Addressing

FFCS-L– Vnet/IP Bus1 Address

• CPU1 (Left)• CPU2 (Right)

– Vnet/IP Bus2 Address• CPU1 (Left)• CPU2 (Right)

– TCP/IP on Vnet/IP

HIS (VI701)– Vnet/IP Bus1 Address– Vnet/IP Bus2 Address– TCP/IP on Vnet/IP– TCP/IP on Ethernet (Open Communication)

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Address Setting

Vnet/IP Address (Bus1 and Bus2)– Automatically Setting

TCP/IP on Vnet/IP– Automatically setting by System View

TCP/IP on Ethernet– Manually setting by Windows Network

Property

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FFCS-L IP Address

Vnet/IP Bus1 and Bus2 Address is defined automatically. – Bus1:

• CPU1 (Left) : 192.168.(Domain).(Station X 2)• CPU2 (Right): 192.168 .(Domain).(Station X 2+1)

– Bus2:• CPU1(Left): 192.168.(128+Domain).(Station X 2)• CPU2(Right):192.168.(128+Domain).(Station X 2

+1)

TCP/IP on Vnet/IP– 172.16.(Domain).(Station)

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HIS (VI701) IP Address

Vnet/IP Bus1 and Bus2 Address is defined automatically.– Bus1: 192.168.(Domain).(Station X 2)– Bus2: 192.168.(128+Domain). (Station X 2)

TCP/IP on Vnet/IP– 172.16.(Domain).(Station)

TCP/IP on Ethernet (Open Communication)– 192.168.(128+Domain). (130 to 253)

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Address List of Vnet/IP Bus1

192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254

192.168.1.253

192.168.1.2

192.168.1.129192.168.1.130

192.168.1.1 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol )

192.168.1.254 SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol)

Centum Stations 64stn x2(128)

SW/Open Communication stations(124)

Ex. Domain 1Ex. Domain 1

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Address List of Vnet/IP Bus2

192.168.129.1 to 192.168.129.254

192.168.129.253

192.168.129.2

192.168.129.129192.168.129.130

192.168.129.1 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol )

192.168.129.254 SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol)

Centum Stations 64stn x2(128)

SW/Open Communication stations(124)

Ex. Domain 1Ex. Domain 1

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192.168.1:Domain1

192.168.2:Domain2

...

192.168.31:Domain31

IP Network Address (Use Private Address Class C*)

*Exception TCP/IP on Vnet(172.16.domain.station)

Use private Address Class B.Same as Vnet.

Bus2

Bus1

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

192.168.129.xx

192.168.33.xx

192.168.65.xx192.168.97.xx

192.168.1.xx

192.168.161.xx192.168.193.xx192.168.225.xx

192.168.129:Domain1

192.168.130:Domain2

...

192.168.159:domain31

Network address(24bit)

Host address(8bit)

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IP Address for FFCS-L

BUS1(IP1) BUS2(IP2) BUS1(IP3) BUS2(IP4)

FFCS-L: Redundant

TCP/IP on Vnet Address (IP5)

Left CPU Right CPU

IP1 to IP4:by DIP SW (domain/station) ,Automatically assign

IP5:by System View (172.16.domain.station)

*TCP/IP on Vnet Address: for Recipe Loading

Same as Vnet

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IP Address for VI701

Bus1(IP1) Bus2(IP2) Bus2(IP4)

HIS/ENG/APCS/GSGW

TCP/IP on Vnet/IP (IP3)

Control Communication

OPEN Communication

IP1 and IP2 by DIP SW (domain/station) Automatically assign

IP4 by System View: 172.16.(domain).(station)

IP3 by System View and Windows:

192.168.(128+domain).(130 to 253)

Same as Vnet

Same as Ethernetbut address is

change

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Basic Network SW information

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What is Switching Hub?

Using Sw-Hub, there is no collision. Because connect ports that is only needed.

A B C D

Not Sw-Hub

Collision

B send data to C.

A send data to D->Collision occurs.

A B C D

Sw-Hub

B send data to C.

A send data to D->OK!!.

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What is L2SW?

L2SW uses MAC address.L2SW has conversion table port and MAC address.

port MAC

1 A

2 B

3 C

4 D A B C D

L2SW

Port-1 2 3 4

MACAddress

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What is L3SW?

L3SW has two functions.– Oen function is L2SW and other is router.– Router has information IP address and routing table.

E F H J

5 6 7 8

A B C D

L2SW

Port-1 2 3 4

Router(L3)

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What is router(L3)?

Router1

Router2

Router3

x

y

192.168.1.130

network address

Router IP address

192.168.3.x 192.168.2.131

192.168.4.x 192.168.2.132

192.168.1.128

Router1-Routing table

X send data to y

Network Address of y is 192.168.4.X

Router1 has routing table

Router1 send data to Router3

192.168.2.130

192.168.3.128

192.168.2.130

192.168.2.132

192.168.2.131

192.168.4.128

192.168.4.132

192.168.3.131

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Vnet/IP SW information

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Vnet/IP hops

L2SW (single domain)– Max. 7 hops (level)

L3SW (multi-domain)– Max. 15 hops (level)

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What is hop?

domain1

Domain1-Domain4:3 hops

Domain1-domain7:5 hops

This case is max 5 hops

domain2 domain3 domain4

domain5

domain6

domain7

L3SW

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Recommendation of SW connection

domain1

domain2

domain3

domain4

SW

SW

SW

Three hops

domain1

domain2 domain3 domain4

One hop

If possible, the number of hop is decreased. BecauseMaintenance is easy and Reliability is high.

SW SWSW

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L2SW of Vnet/IP

Unmanaged L2SW– Selecting Model: DELL 2600 Series (Unmanaged)

Managed L2SW– Selecting Model CISCO 2970G – By using network managed software and managed

L2SW, Useful information can get for maintenance– Managed L2SW using following case

• The number of hop is large.• Many open communication (Non CENTUM stations)

are used.

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Information of setting L2SW

Unmanaged L2SW– Easy Setup, no need configuration

Managed L2SW, considered below items– IP address of L2SW (by network managed

software)• Setting open communication IP address

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L3SW of Vnet/IP

L3SW– Selecting Model: CISCO 3750G

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Routing

Dynamic routing– Routing table is automatically created

• Communicating (ICMP) between Switches• ICMP (Internal control Message protocol)

Static routing– Routing table have to create manually.

Vnet/IP uses the dynamic routing.

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L3SW Information

Using L3SW needs to set following.– VLAN (Virtual LAN)

• L3SW has to divide virtually for connecting multi domain• Setting IP address for port

– Routing• Unicast Routing for domain communication

– RIP (Routing Information Protocol): Active– Update Time: 1sec

• Multicast Routing for sending message – PIM-DM/DVMRP: Active– IGMP (Internet Group Membership Protocol): Active

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VLAN of L3SW

4 5 6

A

Router

1 3

VLAN1:192.168.1.253/24

Domain2

Domain1

2

Switch

VLAN2:192.168.2.253/24

B C D E F

IP: 192.168.1.60

GW:192.168.1.253

IP: 192.168.1.61

GW:192.168.1.253

IP: 192.168.1.62

GW:192.168.1.253

IP: 192.168.2.60

GW:192.168.2.253

IP: 192.168.2.61

GW:192.168.2.253

IP: 192.168.2.62

GW:192.168.2.253

L3SWL3SW

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Important of network Engineering

Drawing a system configurationDrawing a actual network configurationBe considered a distance between station and L2SW, L2SW and L2SW

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Let us be vigilant about your business!

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