There’s Fungus Among There’s Fungus Among Us!Us!

Where have you seen fungus lately?

How has it affected you in the past?

How might it affect your future?

Kingdom : FungiKingdom : Fungi

There are 3 types of fungi:There are 3 types of fungi:–MushroomsMushrooms–MoldsMolds–YeastsYeasts

How do you classify How do you classify fungi?fungi?

Before they were classified as plants Before they were classified as plants for these reasons:for these reasons:– Fungi cells have cell walls.Fungi cells have cell walls.– Many are multicellular.Many are multicellular.– Many grow in soil like plants doMany grow in soil like plants do

Now they are classified in separate Now they are classified in separate kingdom for these reasons:kingdom for these reasons:– No chloroplasts!No chloroplasts!– Obtain food by Obtain food by decomposingdecomposing dead organisms dead organisms and/or absorbing their nutritionand/or absorbing their nutrition

– Grow well in Grow well in darkdark, warm, wet places, warm, wet places

MushroomsMushrooms 1 type of fungi1 type of fungi You only see the reproductive You only see the reproductive portion!portion!

Reproduce by spores!Reproduce by spores!

CAP

STALK

Gills (produce spores)

HYPHAE

Quick QuizQuick Quiz

Name the parts of the mushroom!Name the parts of the mushroom!

Mushroom PartsMushroom Parts

Stalk – stemlike structureStalk – stemlike structure Cap – umbrella shaped and on top of Cap – umbrella shaped and on top of stalkstalk

Hyphae – threadlike structures that Hyphae – threadlike structures that make up the body of the mushroommake up the body of the mushroom

Gills – found under the cap, this Gills – found under the cap, this is where spores are producedis where spores are produced

Spores-reproductive structures of Spores-reproductive structures of mushroomsmushrooms

Spores are light in Spores are light in weight. Why?weight. Why?

So they can be easily carried So they can be easily carried away by wind, water, or on the away by wind, water, or on the bodies of insects.bodies of insects.

MoldsMolds Grow on bread, fruits, Grow on bread, fruits, vegetables, etc.vegetables, etc.

Look like a mass of threadsLook like a mass of threads HyphaeHyphae grow along surfaces grow along surfaces

SPORE CASE – Contains SPORES!

SPORANGIA – stem that holds the cap with spores (looks fuzzy)

YeastYeast Colorless, Colorless, UNICELLULARUNICELLULAR Fungi Fungi Grow well when sugar is presentGrow well when sugar is present Can undergo fermentation – use sugars to produce Can undergo fermentation – use sugars to produce

ATP w/out oxygen ATP w/out oxygen – Fermentation produces carbon dioxide and Fermentation produces carbon dioxide and ethanol alcohol.ethanol alcohol.

– Fermentation is used to make bread rise and is Fermentation is used to make bread rise and is also used to produce beer and wine.also used to produce beer and wine.

CELL WALL

CYTOPLASM

Fungi ReproductionFungi Reproduction Yeast – can perform an asexual Yeast – can perform an asexual reproduction method known asreproduction method known asbudding. Budding is when a new budding. Budding is when a new organism splits off of the parent.organism splits off of the parent.

Molds and Mushrooms can perform sporulation Molds and Mushrooms can perform sporulation (asexual)(asexual)– Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism forms from spores released from a parent.

Some fungi can reproduce Some fungi can reproduce sexually.sexually.

Other neat stuff about Other neat stuff about fungi!fungi!

Some fungi form important Some fungi form important mutualistic relationships with mutualistic relationships with plants (mutualistic = both organisms plants (mutualistic = both organisms benefit).benefit).

Some fungi are pathogenic (disease Some fungi are pathogenic (disease causing) in plants and animals.causing) in plants and animals.

Penicillin is produced by a mold.Penicillin is produced by a mold. Humans use fungi to produce many Humans use fungi to produce many foods and drinks such as blue foods and drinks such as blue cheese, bread, beer, and wine.cheese, bread, beer, and wine.

Most fungi in the environment act as Most fungi in the environment act as decomposersdecomposers