Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Renaissance

• Means REBIRTH

• Rebirth of art and learning

• Began in northern Italy

Contrast to grimness of the Contrast to grimness of the Middle AgesMiddle Ages

Wars Plagues

Spend life preparing for the afterlife

Decreased power of the

church

A Visual Metaphor of the Renaissance

What was the Renaissance?

• Period following the middle ages

• “Rebirth” of classical Greece and Rome

• 1st period to name itself and say bad things about earlier times (Dark Ages)

• NAMES FOR ARTISITS • Began in Italy• Moved to northern

Europe

Economic Foundations• Increased demand for

Middle Eastern products

• Encouraged the use of credit and banking

• Letters of credit expanded supply of money and sped up trade.

• New accounting and bookkeeping practices used Arabic numerals

Objectives

• During the middle ages–Find God–Prove pre-conceived

ideas

• During the Renaissance–Find man–Promote learning –Man loves himself

again

Causes of the Italian Renaissance

• Crusades

• Control of Mediterranean Trade

Major Italian Cities.

Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art.

MilanMilan VeniceVenice

FlorenceFlorence

Milan

One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.

Venice

Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world.

Florence

Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts (AKA Bored

Rich people)

Genoa

Genoa

Had Access to Trade Routes

Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets

Competition with each other

• Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe

• Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

Beginning of the Renaissance in Europe

Growth of the Trade and Commerce

Crusades connect with Muslims

Muslims introduce new ideas

Cities and Merchants grow

Influence of City States

Trade = Wealth

Rich Families Support Arts

The Growth of Humanism

Greece and Rome Change ideas about government, religion, social class

Tried to improve on old things

“Humanities” in Education

• Sophistication of Italian City-States

• Growth of Banking & Trade

• Crusades• Control of Mediterranean Trade

• Printing Press

• Crusades• Control of Mediterranean Trade• Sophistication of Italian City-States• Growth of Banking & Trade• Excess Wealth: de Medici family of Florence

Renaissance Art• perspective• light & motion• study of human form• emotion & drama• new subject matter>secularism• science & mathematics• composition & balance• changing perspective of man & his role in the

world• unique vision of each artist

Effects of the Renaissance

• Advances in Science & Technology led to the European Exploration of the World

• Secularism led to the Protestant Reformation• Humanism encouraged the growth of

Democracy & the Fight for Human Rights• Role of Women in Society Improved• Renaissance Art led to the Age of Classical

Music and Art in Europe

Italy• Italian city-states became

rich from trade: – Florence– Venice – Genoa

• They were trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe.

• Independent city-states governed as republics by wealthy merchants.

Renaissance• With the rise of

trade, travel and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe.

• The art and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.

Machiavellian Intrigue

• Wrote The Prince• studied the politics of

Florence, Venice & Rome

• analyzed use of power, force, & Deception

• How to book for future leaders

• Including... Niccolo Machiavell i

De Medici Family of Florence

• Cosimo & Lorenzo• city improvements• patron of the arts• peace & prosperity

Savonarola

• Franciscan Friar• banned gambling, swearing, etc.• burned books & paintings

The Borgia: First Italian Crime Family

• Pope Alexander VI – bribery, extortion, nepotism,

torture

• Casare Borgia (son)

– multiple murders, mercenary

• Lucrezia Borgia (daughter)– What really happened to

her husbands?

Humanism• Celebrated the

individual• Stimulated the study

of Greek and Roman literature and culture

• Humanists were supported by PATRONS who were very wealthy

The Vitruvian Man

Art and Literature• Medieval art and

literature focused on the Church and salvation.

• Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art

They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion

New Techniques also emerged

Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings

Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form

Architecture reached new heights of design

Artists

• Artists Big 3 –Leonardo da

Vinci

–Michelangelo

–Raphael

–1500 Florence

Leonardo da Vinci• Painted the

Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

• Handsome, athletic, singer, artist, scientist, inventor

Mona Lisa

Notebooks

RaphaelPainter

1483-1520

The School of Athens

Pythagoras

Socrates

Plato and Aristotle

Euclid

Zoroaster & Ptolemy

Raphael (back)

Michelangelo• Painted the

ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David

• Sculptor, painter, architect, poet

The Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Pieta

David

Michelangelo created his masterpiece

David in 1504.

Sistine ChapelAbout a year after creating

David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling

of the Sistine Chapel.

La Pieta 1499Marble Sculpture

Moses

The Last

Judge-ment

Writers• Dante• Divine Comedy• Circles of Hell

Petrarch• Wrote Sonnets

• He wrote with a Humanistic approach

• Considered the “Father of Humanism”

Erasmus Dutch humanist

Desiderius Erasmus

Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible

“I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it”

The Praise of Folly

Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.

• Sir Thomas More —Utopia (1516)

• Depicts world with perfect social, legal and political system

• Leading humanist scholar

Pictures Cited• Slide 1 – http://renaissance.duelingmodems.com/art/renaissance-head3.gif• Slide 2 – http://www.leftfield-online.co.uk/images/discography/scan/renaissance.jpg• Slide 3 – http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/a/ac/300px-Madonna_of_the_Harpies.jpg

• Slide 4 – http://www.alberta-canada.com/export/graphics/images/italy_map.jpg• Slide 5 – http://niccolomachiavelli.worldhistoryblogs.com/files/2007/10/machiavellis_portrait.jpg• Slide 6 – http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_200/madonna_rangershouse.jpg• Slide 7 – http://www.navigo.com/wm/paint/auth/michelangelo/michelangelo.tondo-doni.jpg• Slide 8 – http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/N/e/LeonardoSelfPortrait.jpg• Slide 9 – http://www.latifm.com/artists/image/da-vinci-leonardo-mona-

lisa.jpg,http://www.penwith.co.uk/artofeurope/leonardo_da_vinci_last_supper.jpg

• Slide 10 – http://www.shoshone.k12.id.us/renaissance/images/michel.jpg• Slide 11 – http://studentorganizations.missouristate.edu/TAK/downloads/michelangelo1.jpg• Slide 12 –

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/visualarts/images/david_big.jpg,http://www.rome.info/pictures/art/michelangelo/michelangelo_pieta.jpg

• Slide 13 – http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17650/17650-h/images/01large.jpg• Slide 14 – http://www.artspecialist.co.uk/images/Vetruvian%20Man_Clare%20Vaux.JPG

• Slide 15 – http://www.sverigeturism.se/smorgasbord/smorgasbord/image/first/scandinavia.gif• Slide 16 – http://www.piney.com/Erasmus.gif• Slide 17 – http://www.wf-f.org/WFFResource/StThomasMore.jpg