the renaissance ppt notes

7/27/2019 The Renaissance Ppt Notes

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The world Renaissance means

“rebirth”. A 300 year period – marking a transition

between the Middles Ages and Modern

western Europe.

It marked a revival or rebirth interest inlearning and world affairs.

A revival of art and learningA hope to bring back the life and culture of

classical Greece and Rome.



CAUSES OF THE RENAISSANCE

1. The decline of the Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire after

1204 lled to an exodus of Greco- Roman scholars to the West.

These scholars brought with them text and knowledge of the classical Greek and Roman

civilizations which had been lost for centuries in the West



In 1095,Pope Urban II

called for

a crusade, or

war, againstthe Muslims

In the thirteenth century, math and sciences

flourished in the Arabic Islamic countries,compared with the West, where science was

repressed by the Church. Some of this

knowledge made its way into Europe through

Spain or was brought to Europe through the

Crusaders.

2. The Crusades were a

series of battles between

Christians and Muslims in the

Middle East.Christian knights wanted to

take the Holy Land and give it

back to Christians



Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague.

People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on

human beings.

3. THE BLACK DEATHTHE OUTBREAK OF THE BUBONIC PLAGUE

RESULTS

1. Europe experiences a massive decline in population

2. Labor is hard to find3. 3.Towns and many serfs freed from feudal obligations

4. Church influence declines

5. Disrupts pattern of trade



4. The Hundred Years War

The wars between England and

France from 1337 to 1453.

It was a war that encompassed

most of Europe and changed

the role of people in society

5.The Great Schism A split in Church authority weakened

the position of the Church in society.

6. Rise of wealth and

merchant class in Italy



DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

OF THE RENAISSANCE



1. REDISCOVERY OF GREEK AND ROMAN

CULTURE

2. EMPHASIZED REASONING- A QUESTIONINGATTITUDE AND FREE INQUIRY

3. EMPHASIZED VIEWING LIFE NOT AS PREPARATIONFOR THE HEREAFTER, BUT LIVING FOR THE

PRESENT

4. Featured great achievements in art, literature

and science.



THE RENAISSANCE STARTS IN ITALY –

WHY?

1. Italy was the center of Greco-Roman Culture

2. Italy was located on the Mediterranean – absorbing new ideas from the advancedByzantine and Moslem world.

3.Italy had wealthy, influential people who became

patrons(supporters) of art, literature and science.



Leading Renaissance

Patrons1. Certain Popes in Rome

2. Wealthy merchants in Venice

3. The Medici Family in Florence



Thriving Renaissance Cities in Italy

1. Florence

2. Milan

3. Genoa

4. Venice

Milan Venice

Florence

Genoa



Facts about the Italian City-StatesEach city-state:

1. Ran its own affairs2. Collected their own taxes

3. Had its own army

4.No central gov’t – each had ruler or despots –with unlimited power.

5.Merchants and bankers –

wealthiest class – dominatedpolitical live.



CLASSICAL HERITAGE AND

VALUES

A. The Renaissance scholars looked downed

on the art and literature of the Middle Ages

and wanted to return to the learning of the

Greeks and Romans.

B. As a result a literary movement started in the

14th century Italy called Humanism.



1. It taught people to live a full life and

welcome new experiences.

2.Humanists wanted people to turn away from

the medieval view that the only important

part of life was working toward eternal

salvation at death.

3. Humanists wanted people to have better

lives in this world, rather than waiting on

the next. Humanism stressed man and histalents.



4. Humanism stressed studying history,

literature, and philosophies – called the

humanities

5. The Renaissance became a secular movement

– its major interest lying outside the sphere of

religion, even though most remained devout

Catholics.



4. Humanism stressed studying history, literature,

and philosophies – called the humanities

5. The Renaissance became a secular movement –

its major interest lying outside the sphere of

religion, even though most remained devout

Catholics.

6. Education during the

Renaissance aimed that the “complete or universe

man”(The Renaissance Man)

Who excelled in many fields.



HUMANISM

Seek

fulfillmentin daily life

Individual

has

dignity

and worth

Challenged long

acceptedtraditions and

institutions

Ideal person

shouldparticipate

in…..

Art, Politics, Sports, Literature

And Music



HUMANIST

WRITERS



Baldassare

Castiglione

Wrote a book called The Book of the Courtier

Which describes three characteristics of the perfect courtier

(one in attendance at a royal court- a noble)

•Nobles were born, not made, and should posses

impeccable character, grace, talents, and noble birth.

The perfect noble must develop two basic skills”

•He should participate in military and bodily exercises.

•The noble was expected to fol low a certain standard of

conduc t :

1. Nob les shou ld no t h ide thei r accomp l ishments bu t

shou ld display them w ith grace.

2. The a im of the per fec t nob le was to serve h is pr ince in

an effect ive and honest way.

IMPACT: Cast igl io ne had a great inf luenc e thro ugh his

wri t in g on Renaissance behavior. His book was a

great help in th e shaping of th e Ital ian Renaissance.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:01castig.jpg



FrancescoPetrarch

1304-1374Italian poet and humanist

Assembled Greek and

Roman writings.

Wrote beauti ful sonnets

expressing romant ic love

in the Vernacular

Known as the Father of

Humanism

Dutch humanist



Erasmus

Dutch humanist

Desiderius Erasmus

The Praise of Folly

It made fun of m edieval superst i t ion s,prejudic es, up per class, pr iv i leges, and

church abuses.

Used humor to show the immoral and

ignorant behavior of people, including

the clergy. He felt people would beopen minded and be kind to others.

Pushed for a Vernacular form of the

Bible

“I disagree very much with those who

are unwilling that Holy Scripture,

translated into the vernacular, be read

by the uneducated . . . As if the strength

of the Christian religion consisted in the

ignorance of it”



Giovanni Boccaccio

An Italian author and poet.

Best Known for “Decameron” – A collection

of one hundred tales.



Sir Thomas More

English Humanist

Wrote: Utopia

A book about a perfect society

Believed men and women live inharmony. No private property, no

war, no poverty and no ignorance

and no one is lazy, all people are

educated and the justice system is

used to end crime instead of executing criminals.



He was a major French Renaissance

humanist writer, doctor and Renaissance

humanist. He has historically been regarded

as a writer of fantasy, satire, the grotesque,

and both bawdy...

Wrote a comic adventure called

“Gargantua and Pantagruel”

He believed that humans were basically

good and should live their lives by their

instincts, rater than by religious rules.

François Rabelais

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Francois_Rabelais_-_Portrait.jpg



THE VERNACULARREPLACES LATIN IN

LITERATURE

A. In the Middle Ages Latin was the language of literature, the Church, and

the educated people in western Europe.

B. The rise of the vernacular or national language, such as French, Italian,

Spanish, English, etc.

C. At the end of the Middle Ages writers began to use their national

languages and discarded Latin.



GREAT VERNACULAR WRITERS

Dante (1265-1321) - Called the “Father of Modern Italian.”

Wrote Divine Comedy – a long poem describing Dante’s trip

through Hell, Purgutory and Heaven.

Geoffrey Chaucer

Dante

Chaucer (1343-1400) – wrote the

Canterbu ry Tales

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geoffrey_Chaucer_(17th_century).jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dante03.jpg



Niccolò Machiavelli

(1469-1527)

An Italian – wrote The Prince The Prince describes how rulers

maintained power by methods that ignoredright or wrong.

Stated that politically “ the ends justifies

the means” Stated that for rulers, “it was better to be

feared than to be loved”

The Prince continued to influence

European rulers for centuries

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Santi_di_Tito_-_Niccolo_Machiavelli%27s_portrait_headcrop.jpg



Miguel de Cervantes

(1537-16160

A Spaniard. He ridiculed Middle Age

societies, especially knighthood andchivalry in his book

Don Quixote

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cervates_jauregui.jpg



William Shakespeare(1564-1615)

An English playwright

–

Romeo and Juliet

Hamlet

Macbeth

And More



John Milton(1608-1674)

An Englishman

Retold the Biblical storyof the Creation and the

Garden of Eden in his

epic poem

ParadiseLost

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Milton_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13619.jpg



The Invention of Printing Encourages Literature

Johannes Gutenberg About 1450 printing by movable type wasinvented by Johann Gutenburg (German).

As compared to medieval hand-copy of

books, printing tremendously increasedoutput, accuracy and decreased cost.

It also encouraged literacy and

education. It also encouraged talented

men to write.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gutenberg.jpg

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