How didRenaissance Art

And Architecture Differ from the Medieval Period?

Do Now: Study the picture above then answer the questionson your handout

1. Realism & Expression1. Realism & Expressionr Expulsion from the GardenExpulsion from the Gardenh MasaccioMasaccioh 14271427

h First nudes sinceFirst nudes sinceclassical times.classical times.

SAINT DEMETRIUS OF SALONICA.

High Middle Ages

End of 14th century

Before

Masaccio’s Masaccio’s “Trinity”“Trinity”

The first known painting

to applyBrunelleschi’s

system of linear

perspective.

Church of Santa Maria

Novella,Florence

Before

2. Perspective2. Perspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

First use First use of linear of linear

perspective!perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

� The TrinityThe Trinity� MasaccioMasaccio� 14271427

What you are, What you are, I once was; I once was; what I am, what I am,

you will you will become.become.

Progression of the Use of Perspective

1280’s 1480’s1380’s

Perspective!Perspective!

Betrothal Betrothal of the of the

Virgin Virgin

RaphaelRaphael

15041504

3. Classicism and Realism3. Classicism and Realism

� Greco-Roman influence.

� Secularism.� Humanism.� Individualism free

standing figures.. Symmetry/Balance

The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – Botticel l i , 1485 – Botticel l i , 1485

An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art

Botticelli's Birth of Venus Caravaggio’s

Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel

Da Vinci’sVitruvian Man

Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art

4. Emphasis on Individualism4. Emphasis on IndividualismL Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The

Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoDuke & Dutchess of Urbinoo Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

� Vitruvian Man Vitruvian Man

� Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

� 14921492

TheTheL’uomoL’uomo

universaleuniversale

5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures

P The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranatePomegranate

P Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci

P 14691469P The figure as The figure as

architecture!architecture!

Raphael ’ sRaphael ’ s Canagiani Madonna, Canagiani Madonna, 15071507

6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges

ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro

SfumatoSfumato

Leonardo da Vinci

described sfumato

as "without lines or borders,

in the manner of smoke or beyond

the focus plane."

Famous works by Italian Renaissance Artists

Michelangelo

Leonardo Raphael

Donatello

The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”“ Broad knowledge about many things in

different fields.. Deep knowledge/skill in one area.k Able to link information from

different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

d The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. . Artist

e Sculptore Architecte Scientiste Engineere Inventor1452 - 15191452 - 1519

Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo da Vinci,

D The Virgin of The Virgin of the Rocks the Rocks

D Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

D 1483-14861483-1486

Leonardo, the Artist :Leonardo, the Artist :From his From his Notebook of over Notebook of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)5000 pages (1508-1519)

Leonardo Da Vinci

Why is Mona Lisa so famous?

Mona Lisa (La Giocande)Oil on wood panel

Fun Fact! Notice her lack of eyebrows! Women during this period would shave them off! It was considered fashionable to do so!

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

The Last The Last SupperSupper

Gospel Book of Bernward ofHildesheim, c. 1016

German

LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci, “Last Supper” da Vinci, “Last Supper”

Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy

““Last Supper” PerspectiveLast Supper” Perspective

horizontal

vert

ical

Perspective!Perspective!

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498& Geometry& Geometry

RefractoryRefractory

Convent of Convent of Santa Santa

Maria del le Maria del le GrazieGrazie

MilanMilan

� Detail of Detail of JesusJesus

� The Last The Last SupperSupper

� Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci

� 14981498

DeterioratioDeteriorationn

Leonardo Da Vinci

The Last SupperTempera and mixed media on Plaster

A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John or Mary Magdalene?St. John or Mary Magdalene?

Leonardo, the SculptorLeonardo, the Sculptor

Ì An An Equestrian Equestrian StatueStatue

Ì 1516-15181516-1518

Leonardo, the Architect :Leonardo, the Architect :Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

ì Study of a Study of a central church.central church.

ì 14881488

Leonardo, the Architect :Leonardo, the Architect :Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

c Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

p An example of An example of the humanist the humanist desire to unlock desire to unlock the secrets of the secrets of nature.nature.

Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Leonardo, the Inventor:Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages Pages

from his from his NotebookNotebook

Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?

A study of siege defenses.A study of siege defenses.Studies of water-lifting Studies of water-lifting

devices.devices.

Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Leonardo DaVinci

King DavidKing David

Above: Gospel Book of Philip the FairRight: Vivian Bible

� David by David by DonatelloDonatello� 14301430� First free-form bronze First free-form bronze

since Roman times!since Roman times!

The Liberation of The Liberation of SculptureSculpture

DavidDavid

VerrocchioVerrocchio

1473 - 14751473 - 1475

� DavidDavid� MichelangeloMichelangelo

BuonarottiBuonarotti� 15041504� MarbleMarble

Michelangelo’s DetailMichelangelo’s Detail

15c15c

16c 16c

WhatWhat

aa

differencedifference

aa

centurycentury

makes!makes!

� The PietaThe Pieta

� MichelangeloMichelangeloBuonarrotiBuonarroti

� 14991499

� marblemarble

The Popes as Patrons of the The Popes as Patrons of the ArtsArts

Michelangelo

The Sistine ChapelFresco

“The Creating of Adam”

The Sistine The Sistine ChapelChapel

Michelangelo Michelangelo BuonarrotiBuonarroti

1508 - 15121508 - 1512

Film Clip

Michelangelo

The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingThe Sistine Chapel’s CeilingMichelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti

1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The The Creation Creation of the of the HeavensHeavens

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

Creation of ManCreation of Man

A Modern “Adaptation”A Modern “Adaptation”

Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Fall The Fall from from GraceGrace

CreationCreation

Michelangelo, Sistine ChapelMichelangelo, Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo, Sistine ChapelMichelangelo, Sistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi)

Donatello’s David vs. Michelangelo’s David

Raphel Sanzio

The School of AthensFresco (water color on plaster)

Raphael’s “School of Athens”Raphael’s “School of Athens”

The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11– Raphael, 1510 -11

� One point perspective.c All of the important Greek philosophers

and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!

i A great variety of poses.o Located in the papal apartments library.a Raphael worked on this commission

simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.

e No Christian themes here.

The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, – Raphael, 1510 -111510 -11

Raphael

Da Vinci

Michelangelo

AristotleAristotle::looks to thislooks to thisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and

now].now].

PlatoPlato::looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or the IDEALthe IDEAL

realm].realm].

The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, detai ls– Raphael, detai ls

Film Clip

Averroes

Hypatia

Pythagoras

Zoroaster

Ptolemy

Euclid

Raphael’s “School of Athens”Raphael’s “School of Athens”Clockwise:Plato (Leonardo), Aristotle,Raphael,Michelangelo

Raphel Sanzio

Who’s who in the School?

In the Center: Plato on the Right, Aristotle

On the left!

Raphel Sanzio

Italian Renaissance Recap

Linear Perspective: Distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer. Making scenes appear 3-Dimensional.

Revival of classical themes

Realistic: Emotion

More secular than the religious Medieval period

Focus on Humanism: Human achievement and form

Aspects of Italian Renaissance Art

The Renaissancemoves North!

About 100 years after the Renaissance began it Italy,It moved north to Flanders (Northern Belgium). Took longer to recover from the economic devastation brought on by the black plague. 100 years war in France/England Remember me?

Contained great detail More landscape and nature paintings -

usually darker and colder Oil painting on Canvas – allowed for

vivid color Paintings are less secular. More religious

questioning. More scenes of daily life.

Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art

Jan Van Eyck - Flanders

The Wedding ofArnolfiniOil on canvas

Jan Van Eyck - Flanders

Madonna Del RolinOil on wood

Albrcht Durer

Self Portrait 28Oil on panel

Albrcht Durer - Germany

RabbitOil on Panel

Hans Holbein

Bruegel

Bruegel

Peasant WeddingOil on wood

Medieval vs. Renaissance aRchitectuRe

Gothic (Medieval)

•Gothic architecture was very large, “pointy”•Flying buttresses supported large walls•Stained glass told stories

Renaissance

•Revival of Arch and Dome•Qualities of Greek and Roman architecture•Used columns for supportIntricate design

Renaissance Architecture vs. Medieval Architecture

El TempietoDonato Bramante

Notre Dame Cathedral

Il DuomoBrunelleschi

� Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436

s Architect of the DuomoArchitect of the Duomo Cuppolo of St. MariaCuppolo of St. Maria

del Fioredel Fiore

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi

• Commissioned to build the cathedral dome.– Used unique

architectural concepts. He studied the

ancient Pantheon in Rome.

Used ribs for support.

Brunelleschi ’ s Brunelleschi ’ s DomeDome

Comparing DomesComparing Domes

Other Famous DomesOther Famous Domes

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

Influcenced by archectiture of the classical period (Greece, Rome)

Use of Domes, arches, and columns.

Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture

• Written in Italian (not Latin)• Observations and commentary on

political rule and power• Addressed the issue of effective

rule– How to gain and maintain order

and control– “…it is safer to be feared than to

be loved…”– “The ends justify the means”

• Stressed the practical (pragmatic) over the ethical or moral, more secular and humanistic

• Political science- Politics was to be governed by its own laws

Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince• Machiavelli was from Florence (1469-1527)• Well educated in the classics• Career was in public service and he eventually served as the ambassador to France

The Courtier by Castiglione

• Written in Italian 1528• Treatise on the training

of young men in the courtly ideal of a Renaissance gentleman

• Stressed the value of education and manners

• Influenced social mores and norms during the period

Erasmus - 1446-1536

• Dutch • Biblical scholar and educator• Believed that the Bible was

at the center of the Christian faith

• Stressed Christian education and access to the scriptures (for everyone)– Believed that people should be

able to read the scriptures for themselves

• Highly critical of papal abuses and worldliness– The Praise of Folly

Sir Thomas More

• Lord Chancellor of England during the reign of Henry VIII- highest political office in England

• Lawyer and scholar• Works reflect a commitment

to the values and mandates of Scripture and the Church

• Wrote Utopia – explored the idea of a “perfect” society

• Eventually executed by Henry VIII for refusing to agree to the king and Parliament’s Act of Supremacy

William Shakespeare 1564-1616

• English playwright– English vernacular

• Many of his major works are a expression of Renaissance values of honor, heroism, and the struggle against “fate” and fortune

• His view of man’s capacity for evil and self-destruction contrasted with the Renaissance humanistic ideal of humanity

The Globe Theater in London

The Renaissance brought a new way of thinking and living to Europe

A new worldview was emerging

The medieval Christian worldview was giving way to a more MODERN (secular and

humanistic) view of the world and humanity

How did the Renaissance change thought?

Age of ReasonAge of “Faith”

“Rebirth”“Dark” Ages

Focus on learning the “Classics” (The Iliad, Aristotle) to inspire learning and the arts

Little focus on learning and

the arts

The Individual is importantThe Individual not important

Focus on this lifeFocus on Afterlife

AfterBefore