taku kuru pounamu - university of waikato · ‘taku kuru pounamu’ (my precious adornment) is a...
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TakuKuruPounamu
LeoniePihama,HineitimoanaGreensill,DonnaCampbell,RihiTeNanaandJennyLee
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FirstPublished2015byTeKotahiResearchInstituteHamiltonAotearoa/NewZealandISBN978-0-9941217-1-4©TeKotahiResearchInstitute,2015Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.Photocredits
VabePhotography©:CoverphotoRawhitiroaPhotography©:Pages2,4,30,32,38.
www.rawhitiroa.comRobSuisted©:Pages6,20,34.
www.naturespic.comJessBoveyPhotography©:Pages8,22,24,26,44,52.
www.jessbovey.comUniversityofWaikato:Page10Skipperwhānau:Pages12,40LeoniePihama:Pages14,42,50,54JessicaMatehuiruaWhite:Page16Greensillwhānau:Page18DonnaCampbell:Page28AwhinaRangitutia:Page36MoeEdmonds:Page46AngelineGreensill:Page48,56
DesignandPrint
FusionPrintHamilton
TheTiakinaTePāHarakekeProjectwassupportedby:
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Kiātātoutamariki.Eitinoaana,nātearoha.
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HeMihiTēneitemihikiakoutoukatoaitautokomaiitekaupapao‘TiakinaTePāHarakeke’,otirāitewhakaputangaotēneitaongaheiwhakamanawaingāwhānaumengāhaporiirotoiārātoumahiwhakatuputamariki.Kei ngā puna o te kī, kei ngāmātāpunamātauranga iwhaiwāhi ki ngā uiui, ki ngāwānanga, kua rangatira tekaupapaneiiakoutou!Keingākanohihōmiromiro,meikorekoutouheiaumiriitātātoutaongakiapīataataai.
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KupuWhakataki‘Takukurupounamu’(Mypreciousadornment)isawhakataukīthatspeaksofachildwhoislovedandcherishedbytheirwhānau.Itrepresentsforustheessenceofthispublication,anexpressionofthecollectivewisdomandvaluesofourancestors,andtheadorationthatwehaveforourtamariki.Aselectionofwhakataukī,orancestralsayings,formthebasisofthispublication.Eachwhakataukīreflects thecentralityandimportanceofchildrenin theMāoriworld.Theyalsogiveinsightsintopracticesthatupliftourtamariki,mokopunaandwiderwhānau.‘Takukurupounamu’wasbornoutoftheresearchproject‘TiakinaTePāHarakeke’whichexploresthemanaoftepā harakeke, the collective values that nourish all whanau members. ‘Tiakina Te Pā Harakeke’ provided anopportunity to investigateandunderstandmore fullyourknowledge,beliefsandpractices relating towhānau,andmore specifically childrearing, in the Māori world. What we found was confirmation that our own tikanga, ourculturalpractices,areaboutenhancingthewell-beingoftamarikiastaongawithinourwhānau,hapūandiwi.Thisisasmallselectionofwhakataukī.Manyofthemremindusthatweneedtobemindfulofouractions.Wemustalwaystreateachotherwithcareandrespect,especiallyourchildren.Ouractionsshouldensurethesafetyandwell-beingofourtamariki,mokopuna,andwhānau,andshouldneverbeharmful.Thesearecriticalmessagespassedtousbyour tūpuna.Theseancestralmessagesprovideuswithexamplesof traditionalchildrearingphilosophiesandpractices.Manyvaluablelessonsareencodedinthelanguageofwhakataukīandinthispublicationwetouchonbutafew.Indeciding which whakataukī should feature, it was important for us to acknowledge the voices of those whocontributed to ‘TiakinaTePāHarakeke’ and to include,wherepossible,whakataukī sharedwithus by kaumātuaduringourinterviews.Anumberofotherwhakataukīpertinent to thewhānaucontext,havealsobeenincludedasexamples of howwe can draw upon ancestral knowledge to support the care and nurturing of our tamariki andmokopunatoday.Whilethereisawealthofwhakataukīworthyofinclusioninthispublication,manywereunabletobeincluded,duetothetimeframeofthepublication.Wehopethatwehavedonejusticetothosewhakataukīthathavebeenincludedinthispublication.Wesetoutwithagoaltosharepositive,culturallyenrichedandeffectiveapproachestochildrearingasdefinedandpracticedbyourtūpuna. It isour sincerehope thatwehavedone thisand thatapplying theculturalknowledgeembodied in thesewhakataukīwillenrichandenhancetheexperiencesofourtamariki,mokopunaandwhānau.Thesearegiftsofmanalefttousbyourtūpunatosharewithpresentandfuturegenerations.
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Hokiakitōūkaipō
Returntoyourplaceoforigin
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Ūkaipōrelatestothesucklingofachildontheirmother’sbreastatnight.Inabroadercontextitrelatestoone’sancestralland,aplaceofnurturingandofspiritualandemotionalstrength.Weareencouragedtoreturntoourūkaipōtoensurecurrentandfuturegenerationsknowwheretheyarefromandaregroundedintheiridentity.
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Māngāpakiakaetūaiterākau
Withstrongrootsatreewillstand
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Apersoncannotstandifthereisnothingsupportingthem.Weneedtoknowwherewearefrom,whereourrootsareandtomaintainthosetiestowhānau,hapūandiwitoenableustoensurestrongconnectionsforcurrentandfuturegenerations.
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Kotahitekākano,henuingāhuaoterākau
Atreecomesfromoneseed,butbearsmanyfruit
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Thehua,orfruits,referredtointhiswhakataukīarechildren.Itremindsusthatwemustnurtureourchildren,wemustcareforthemandwemusttendtotheirneedssothattheygrowstrongandwell.
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Hetaongatemokopuna
Grandchildrenareprecious
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Agrandchildisveryprecious.Theyareafountainforancestralknowledgeandaneverlastingreflectionof thosewhohavegonebefore.They carry our strength and that of our ancestors.Theyareourfuturegenerationsandwithoutthemwewouldceasetoexist.
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Nātemoaitakahiterātā
Therātāwastrampledbythemoa
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The early influences in a child’s life are significant in their growth and development as aperson.Forthisreasonitisimportantthatchildrenarenurturedpositivelywhentheyareyoungandprotectedfrombeing‘trampledupon’.Doingsowillensurethattheydevelopintopeoplethatareconfidentandjust.
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Eharatakutoaitetoatakitahi,engaritakutoahetoatakimano
Mystrengthisnotminealone,butthestrengthofmany
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Providingandcaringfortamarikiisextremelydemandingandstressfuliflefttotheindividual.Havingsupportfromthewhānauandcommunityprovidesagreatdealofreliefforparentsandalsohelpstoensurethewell-beingofthecollective.
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Tūngiateururua,kiatupuwhakaritoritotetupuoteharakeke
Setfiretotheundergrowthsothatthenewflaxshootsmaysprout
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Clearingawaytheundergrowthenablesthehealthygrowthofharakeke.Inthewhānaucontext,there may be issues that need to be dealt with from time to time. Ensuring that they areaddressedallowswhānautomoveforwardinapositivewayandtoflourish.
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Tamaitiākonakitekāinga,tūngakitemarae,tauana
Achildwholearnsathomestandsonthemaraewithdignity
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Beingraisedwellathomeiscriticallyimportant.Whenchildrenaregivenguidanceandtaughtby their elders and parents how to conduct themselves properly, they are able to actappropriatelyinpublic.
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Matuarautia
Raiseyourchildrencollectively
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Raisingachildisnotanindividualendeavour,butratherajobforthemany.Whenachildisraisedcollectively, itbuilds theirconfidence.Theyknowwhotheyare, theyknowwhotheirrelativesare,andeachoneofthoserelativesiscollectivelyresponsibleforthechild’ssafetyandwell-being.
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KiamaharakiaRona
RememberRona
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ThiswhakataukīmakesreferencetothestoryofRona.OnenightRonawentouttofetchwaterandtrippedontherootofatreewhenthemoonhidbehindtheclouds.Shecursedatthemoonandwastakenawayforhertransgression.Thisisaremindertoustobecarefulofwhatwesayordo.
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Hetaonganuitetūpato
Cautionisgreatlyprized
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IntheMāoriworlditisseenasagoodthingtobecautious.Teachingchildrentobemindfulofthingsaroundthemandtoactwithcaution,particularlyinsituationswherethereisanelementofdanger,couldpotentiallysavethemfromharm.
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Tamaitipiripoho,hearohawhāereere
Amother’slove,abreastclingingchild
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Theclosenessofachildtotheirparentsisindicativeofalovingrelationshipinwhichthechildis cherishedandmade to feel likean importantpartof thewhānau.Sucha relationshipalsogivesachildasenseofsecurityandadesiretoremainclosetotheirwhānauastheygetolder.
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Kotātetamarikihewāwāhitahā
Achild’sroleistobreakthecalabash
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Ourtūpunaacknowledgethenaturaltendenciesofayoungchild.Childrenareinquisitiveandwillbreakthings.Thisisallpartoftheirplayandlearning.Asparentsitisourresponsibilityto teach our children to respect people’s belongings while at the same time nurturing theirnaturallyinquisitivenaturebycreatingasafeenvironmentforlearningandexploring.
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Nāuiwhatutekākahu,hetānikotāku
Youwovethecloak,Iaddedtheborder
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As a cloak is woven before the ornamental border is added, those raising children areresponsibleforthecharacteroftheirchildandothersenhancewhathasalreadybeenacquired.Contributions to thedevelopmentof skills inother specialities are seen toadd theelaboratetrim,orembellishment.
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KoHinetītamakoe,matawaianatewhatuitetirohangaatu
YouarelikeHinetītama,asightthatcausestheeyestoglisten
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Thisspeaksofthebeautyandsacrednessofwomenandisaremindertotreatouryounggirlsandwomenwithabsoluterespect.
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Takumāhuritōtara
Myyoungtōtara
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Thisphraseisatermofendearmentthatisparticularlysuitedtoyoungboys.Itacknowledgesboth the strength and fragilityofouryoungmenand is abeautifulphrase thatwecanuse toshowouradorationforthem.
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Tepikooterākau,tērātetipuotemāhuri
Asthetreeisbent,soshallitgrow
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Childrencanbelikenedtoayoungsaplingasitgrows.Inordertogrowhealthyandwelltheymustbenurtured.Intheirlearningandgrowingtheycanalsobemouldedinaparticularway.Positivecontributionstotheirdevelopmentwhiletheyareyoungwillenablethemtoflourishaspeople.
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Hetaorākauetaeatekaro,hetaokupuekoreetaeatekaro
Thethrustofaspearcanbeavoided,butnotthethrustofwords
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Wordsarepowerful.Theyshouldbeusedcarefullyandinwaysthatacknowledgethemanaofboth thewords spoken and the person spoken to. Thismeanswemust speakwith care andarohatoourchildren.Tospeakinwaysthatdemeanorabuseothersislikeaspeartotheheartandsoul.
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Mātetuakanakatōtikateteina,māteteinakatōtikatetuakana
Olderandyoungersiblingscontributeequallytoeachother’sgrowthandlearnfromoneanother
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Thetuakana-teinarelationshipisareciprocalonewitheachhavingresponsibilitiesfor,andlearningsfrom,theother.Whiletheoldersiblingmayoftenbearolemodelorexamplefortheyounger sibling to follow, there will still be things that they can learn from their youngerwhānaumembers.
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Hekaipoutakamekinikiniatu,hekaipoutakamehorehoreatu,
mātetamaititeiho
Pinchoffabitofthepottedbird,peeloffabitofthepottedbird,butleavetheinsideforthechild
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Acriticalaspectofraisingchildrenisthatweprovidethemwiththebestcarethatwepossiblycan.Ensuring that theirneedsaremetbeforeourown isanaturalpartofbeingaparentandguaranteesthewell-beingofourchildrenaboveallelse.
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Heititangataetupu,heititokieititonuiho
Asmallpersonmaygrow,butasmalladzeremainssmallforever
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People are always more valuable than material things. The importance of keeping this inperspectivecannotbeunderestimated.Byplacingourwell-beingandgrowthat thecentreofouraspirationswearesupportingourchildrenandwhānauinameaningfulandpowerfulway.
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Tetauotakuate
Theseatofmyaffections
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This simple phrase is a beautiful expression of the absolute love that one has for anotherperson.Itisamuchusedtermofendearmentthatwecansaytoourchildrentoletthemknowhowmuchtheyarecherishedandlovedbytheirwhanau.
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Itinoaana,hepitomata
Onlyalittlemorselwithrawpotential
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Latentinakūmaraseed,orindeedanylivingthing,istheabilitytogrowandproducemoreofitskind.Likethekūmara,childrentooarefullofpotential.Ourjobasparentsandwhānauistoensure that the potential of our children is realisedbybelieving in them, nurturing themandsupportingthemtodevelopandflourishaspeople.
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Kohikohiangākākano,whakariteatepārekereke,kiapuāwaingāhua
Gathertheseeds,preparetheseedbedcarefully,andyouwillbegiftedwithabundanceoffood
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Childrearing in theMāoriworld is often associatedwith the cultivationof kūmara.Like theenvironment of a child, a pārekereke, or seedbed, requires the right conditions for kūmaraseedlingstoflourish.Byprovidingahealthyandnurturingenvironmentforourchildren,wecanbecertainthattheytoowillblossom,growandflourish.
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Tekukuotemanawa
Thepincersoftheheart
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Embodied in this whakataukī are the feelings of love and affection that we have for ourchildren.Makingsurethattheyknowhowmuchweadorethemisanimportantwayofaffirmingtheirplaceinthewhānauandsupportingtheirwell-being.
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Takuheipiripiri,takuheimokimoki,takuheitāwhiri,takukatitaramea
Mypendantofscentedmoss,mypendantoffragrantfern,
mypendantofaromaticshrubs,mysweet-smellinglocketofspeargrass
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Thisrefrainwasoftensungbyamotherwhilenursingasanexpressionofloveforherchild.Thefourplantsreferredtowereadmiredfortheirscentsandwereworninsatchelsaroundtheneck.Themetaphorofachildasafragrantlocketwornclosetohisorhermother’sbreastisabeautifulrepresentationofthelovebetweenaparentandtheirchild.
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Tāumahirā,eteitikahurangi
Yourworkiswelldone,mylittletreasure
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Recognisingourchildrenfor thecontributions that theymake to thewhānauandcommendingthemforthingsthattheyhavedonewellisimportantbothasaculturalpracticeandalsoasaway of developing confidence and self-esteem. This whakataukī is fitting as anacknowledgementoftheeffortsandaccomplishmentsofourtamariki.
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Herākitua
Adaytocome
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Lifemaybringmanydifficultiesandchallenges.Despitethis, therewillalwaysbetimesthatare joyful. The key thing to remember is thatwhen things are not going sowell, never losehope.Wecanalwaysbeassuredthat thesunwill riseagain tomorrowwith thepromiseofanewdayandthepossibilityofanewbeginning.