remote controlled hydraulic jack

8/18/2019 remote controlled hydraulic jack

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ABSTRACT

With the increasing levels of technology, the eorts being

put to produce any kind of work has been continuously

decreasing. The eorts required in achieving the

desired output can be eectively and economically be

decreased by the implementation of better designs.

A Hydraulic ack is an e!ample of hydraulic machinery in

which a small force applied in a hori"ontal plane is usedto raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it

works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The

mechanical advantage of a hydraulic ack is the ratio of

the load applied to the eort applied. The screw ack is

operated by applying force on handle. The height of the

ack is adusted by turning a release valve and this

adustment can be done either manually or by integratingan electric motor.

#n this proect, an electric motor will be integrated with

the hydraulic ack and the electricity needed for the

operation will be taken from the battery of the

vehicle and thereby the mechanical advantage will be

increased.

$eywords% &.' motor, (ifting Arm, )ear ratio, speed

reduction.


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I. Introduction

3A4 Hydraulics %5

Hydraulics is a 6eld of applied science and

engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of

7uid. /luid mechanics provides the theoretical

foundation of hydraulics, which focuses on the


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engineering uses of 7uid properties. #n 7uid power,

hydraulics is used for the generation, control 8

transmission of power by the use of pressuri"ed liquid.

Hydraulic range through most science and engineeringdisciplines, and covers concepts such as pipe 7ow, dam

design, 7uidics and 7uid control circuitry, pumps,

turbines, hydropower, computational 7uid dynamics

and 7ow measurement.

Basics of !ydraulics"

I. Classifcation o hydraulicsa)Hydrostatics:-

/luid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of 7uid

mechanics that studies 7uids at rest. #t embraces the

study of the conditions under which 7uids are at rest in

stable equilibrium9 and is contrasted with 7uid dynamics,

the study of 7uids in motion. Hydrostatics oers physical

e!planations for many phenomena of everyday life, suchas why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why

wood and oil 7oat on water, and why the surface of water

is always 7at and hori"ontal whatever the shape of its

container.

b) Hydrodynamics:-

Hydrodynamics refers to the study of liquids in

motion. #t usually determines the 7ow of 7uids and a

good e!ample would be a pipeline and the 7ow of


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petroleum though it. This branch of study is part of a

larger 6eld called hydraulics that studies how energy and

forces interrelate with 7uids.

II. Pressure

*ressure is a force e!erted against a speci6c

area 3force per unit area4 e!pressed in psi 3pounds per

square inch4, -ar, or *ascal. *ressure can cause an

e!pansion, or resistance to compression, of a 7uid that is

being squee"ed. A 7uid is any liquid or gas 3vapor4.

An e!ample of the pressure is the air 3gas4 that6lls an automobile tire. As a type is in7ated, more air is

squee"ed into it that it can hold. The air inside a tire

resists the squee"ing by pushing outward on the casing of

the tire. The outward push of the air is pressure. :qual

pressure throughout a con6ned area is a characteristic of

any pressuri"ed 7uid.

Common symbols P

SI unit Pascal (Pa)

In SI base units 1 kg/(m·s2)

III. Force

#$ %&A


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The force is an e!ternal agent which produces

or tends to produce change in the state of rest, motion

shape or si"e of an obect and is e!pressed in ;ewton. #t

is a vector quantity. The ;ewton is 2# unit for force. An e!ample of force is to raise a body, to

displace a body from one place to the other, to stop a

moving body etc. The relationship of force, pressure, and

area is follows%

Common symbols F , F

SI unit newton

In SI base units 1 kg·m/s2

Derivations from

other quantities F = m a

%$ #.A


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3-4 *ascal+s law %5

-laise *ascal formulated the basic law of

hydraulics in the mid of #n a closed liquid the

pressure applied at any part is equally transmitted in

all the directions and in the same amount?.

1

>#f a liquid is in equilibrium then the pressure in

the every part of it is equal?.


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/ig. *ascal+s law

3'4 Hydraulic ack %5 Hydraulic acks are typically used for shop work,

rather than as an emergency ack to be carried with the

vehicle. @se of acks not designed for a speci6c vehicle

requires more than the usual care in selecting ground

conditions, the acking point on the vehicle, and to

ensure stability when the ack is

e!tended. Hydraulic acks are often used to liftelevators in low and medium rise buildings.

A hydraulic ack uses a 7uid, which is

incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump

plunger. 1il is used since it is self5 lubricating and

stable. When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of

the reservoir through a suction check valve into the

pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, itpushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the

cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber

and opens with each draw of the plunger. The

discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens

when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point

the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and

oil pressure builds in the cylinder. Hydraulic ack is a device used for lifting

automobile 8 heavy machines. Thus a hydraulic ack is

mechanical arrangement that uses the power of 7uid to

lift heavy obects.


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3&4 Types of hydraulic acks %5

3#4 -ottle hydraulic ack

#n a bottle ack the piston is vertical and directly

supports a bearing pad that contacts the obect beinglifted. With a single action piston the lift is somewhat

less than twice the collapsed height of the ack, making

it suitable only for the vehicles with a relatively high

clearance. /or lifting structures such as houses the

hydraulic interconnection of multiple vertical acks

through the valves enables the even distribution of

forces while enabling close control of lift.


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/ig.

-ottle hydraulic ack


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3###4 2trand hydraulic ack

A strand ack 3also known as strand5ack4 isa ack used to lift very heavy 3e.g. thousands tons or

more with multiple acks4 loads for construction and

engineering purposes. 2trand acks were invented

in :urope in the


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3#4 Toe hydraulic ack 5

/ig. Toe ack

II. Components

3A4 -ottle Hydraulic Dack %5

&escription%5

A bottle hydraulic ack operates on principle of

*ascal+s (aw. -ottle or hand acks, came into wide spread

popularity during the early part of the ECth 'entury,

paralleling the boom of the automobile industry. They

6lled the immediate need of a small convenient devicerequiring only one person to operate that could lift an

automobile o the ground for servicing 5 #t quickly found

hundreds of other uses in the modern world, as well.


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A bottle ack or whiskey ack is a hydraulic

ack which resembles a bottle in shape, having a

cylindrical body and a neck, from which the hydraulic

ram emerges. They have a capacity of up to FC tons andmay be used to lift a variety of obects. Typical uses

include the repair of automobiles and house foundations.

(arger, heavy5duty models may be known as a barrel

ack.

This type of ack is best used for short vertical lifts. -locks

may be used to repeat the operation when a greater

amount of elevation is required.


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/ig. *1: drawing of bottle hydraulic ack

3-4 &c motors %5

0otor is a device which converts electrical energyinto mechanical energy. &' motors are electric motors

that are powered by direct current 3&'4, such as from a

battery or &' power supply. Their commutation can be

brushed or brushless. The speed of a brushed &' motor


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can be controlled by changing the voltage alone.

'onsequently, motors that are powered by A' require a

change in frequency to change speed, involving more

comple! and costly speed control. This makes &' motorsbetter suited for equipment ranging from


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34 Transmit operating range up to


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/ig. / transmitter circuit


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III. Construction ' working of jack

A. 'onstruction 8 working of hydraulic cylinder%5

The cylinder fabricated for the ack has a sleeve in

which the piston reciprocates during operation. The

cylinder material is cast iron and welded with an iron

base plate. The plate is gas welded below the hollow cast

iron cylinder. There is an opening for oil in the base of

cylinder. A cast iron head cover is designed for covering the

cylinder from upper end. The piston has an oil rubber to

seal the 7uid in cylinder during operation. The piston rod

is 6tted with the piston and screw nut on the other end.

The hear cover is locked with the help of circlip lock. A

hole is made in the head cover to release air from the

upper hollow portion of cylinder while reciprocatingmotion.

When 7uid pushed by the pump into the cylinder

from the inlet opening given below, it pushes the piston

up in the cylinder and thus linear motion is obtained by

displacement of piston in the cylinder.


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-. 'onstruction and working of release valve

mechanism%5

elease valve is used to release the pressure from

hydraulic cylinder. #n normal release valve is rotated by

hand. -ut in this ack it is operated with the help of motor.

1pening of release valve causes release in pressure i.e.

ram is lowered. When release valve is closed it maintains

applied pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder, thus ram is

raised.

*ressure control valve is operated by motor which is

mounted on the base plate. 0otor moves on clockwise or

anti clockwise direction according to polarity. When motor

rotates in clockwise direction then pressure release valve

is closed and if polarity is reversed motor rotates in

counterclockwise direction causing valve to open. 0otor

is operated by means of / circuit.


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/ig. *1: drawing of release valve motor

'. 'onstruction and working of levermechanism%5

To create the pressure eect in the large cylinder which

contains ram oil pumping has to be done in the small

cylinder. )enerally oil pumping is done with the help of arod. od is moved in up and down direction by hand so

as to create pressure and lift the ram. This movement of

rod can be done by means of motor. 0echanism similar to

slider5crank mechanism can be used to achieve up5down

movement of rod.

As lever requires reciprocating motion the motor

output should also converted into reciprocating motion. A&' motor gives rotary motion as an output. A simple

slider crank mechanism can convert rotary motion into

reciprocating motion. Thus a motor shaft is 6!ed with a

plate provided with a crank. This crank is then connected

to lever. Thus when motor starts crank gives reciprocating

motion to the lever as required.


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/ig. *1: drawing of oil pimping mechanism


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/ig. *1: drawing of lever mechanism motor

&. Working of / circuit%5

eceiver circuit is connected to battery of


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eceiver circuit has decoder which gives signals

consequently and startsIstops circuit as required.

IV. Images of hydraulic jack


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/ig. *1: drawing of HJ&A@(#' DA'$


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V. ther considerations

3A4 0aintenance of ack %5

When the ack is not in use, keep the cylinder

fully retracted. 2tore the ack on its base and in well

protected areas where it will not be e!posed to any

corrosive vapors, any other abrasive dust or any other

harmful elements. isually inspect the ack before use.

Take corrective actions if any of the following problemsare found%5

'racked or damaged housing

:!cessive wear, bending or other damage

(oose hardware

(eakage of hydraulic 7uid

2ome maintenance techniques associated with hydraulic

ack%


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F.To replace the oil 6ll as required. *ump 3unloaded

ack4 F or K times to e!pel air. *ump ack to full

height and pour o e!cess oil before re6tting plug.K. *eriodically check the pump piston and piston rod for

signs of corrosion. 'lean e!posed areas with a clean

oiled cloth.

3-4 1perating instructions%5


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E. @se recommended parts only9 the use of

unauthori"ed parts may be dangerous.. @se ack on level and solid ground, preferably

concrete.G. *ark the vehicle and apply hand brake. 2witch o

the engine and place chokes under the wheels.F. :nsure a minimum distance of C.F m between

vehicle and static obects such as doors, walls, etc.

to allow for tilting during acking.K. :nsure all persons are out of the vehicle before

acking. &o not enter vehicle whilst it is supported

on the ack or a!le stands.=. 'heck lifting point is centered and stable on ack

saddle. *ositions ack so as to avoid, operating it

from under vehicle.L. $eep hands etc. clear of moving parts during

raising and lowering of the vehicle.B. &1 ;1T e!ceed the rated capacity of the ack and

do not operate the ack beyond its ma!imum pump

stroke.


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3&4 Applications%5

In the automotive world the 1 1/2 through 5 ton jacks are

popular for cars and light trucks, the 8 and 12 ton models for Recreational Vehicles and medium to heav dut trucks while the 2! ton

"ottle jacks are used primaril for #"ig rig# tractor trailers$

%ottle jacks and variations thereof appear in fields as diverse as

medicine &for patient lifts, e'amine ta"les, hdraulic stretchers(,

plum"ing &pipe "enders(, electrical &ca"le slicers(, printing &paper

cutters( warehousing &material handling(, agriculture &e)uipment

maintenance(, construction &pushing, pulling, hoisting or lifting(, food

industr &from pallet jacks to pressing apple juice or sausages( metalshops &"ending, cutting and fa"ricating( and in do*ens of applications

too numerous to mention$

3:4 'omparative study%5

@sually normal hydraulic acks are used to liftheavy vehicles 8 small cars. 0ore energy and physical

work is required to lift such a heavy load. While in case of

automatic hydraulic ack power required to lift load is

less. 2o that automatic hydraulic ack is easy in use. #n

case of automatic hydraulic ack, operator is not near the


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ack so that it will not harm an operator. While it is not

safe for operator in case of normal ack if any failure

occurs. ;ormal hydraulic ack is operated by person so

time required to lift load is more. 2ince automatichydraulic ack operates electrically so that operation is

completed in less time.


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#. Conclusion

This proect as a remote controlled hydraulic ackperformed well and model is working 6ne as e!pected

during design. We all worked in a team to get these

positive results. We machined the components by own

and got help from others to fabricate components like

mechanisms, / circuits. We thought creatively

throughout the proect and solved every problem

occurred regarding to proect. We used knowledge of subects which we learned in our semesters. We used

knowledge of /luid mechanics, 7uid machinery,

machining, 'A& etc. We performed on the machines and

also we created drawings on *1: design software.

1verall we fabricated model according to our idea.

-efore we began this proect we don+t have much

e!perience with hydraulic machines, metal cutting and

designing software. We have gained set of skills in these

areas during this proect. /inally it+s a team work

whatever we achieved.

remote controlled hydraulic jack

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