railway infrastructure & sustainability: crumb rubber ... filerailway infrastructure &...
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RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE & SUSTAINABILITY: CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN FOR SUB-
BALLAST LAYER
JULIA I. REAL HERRÁIZTransportation & railway engineering professor
Universidad politécnica de Valencia
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
PRIVATE COMPANIES
PUBLIC ENTITIES SUBCONTRACTED
Integrated project of CDTI national aid program
Starting Date SEPTEMBER 2009
Date of Approval APRIL 2010
End Date JANUARY 2012
TOTAL BUDGET 4.064.706,00 €
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
ÍNDEX
1. Can we assure that rail transport is sustainable…?
2. Can we add “waste” to railway infrastructure…?
3. Can we add crumb rubber modified bitumen to sub-ballast…?
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I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
1. Can we assure that rail transport is sustainable…?
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
1. Can we assure that rail transport is sustainable…?
SOURCES SAY THAT:
RAILWAY:
-Less emission Transport
-Efficient Transport
-Safe Transport
-Petrol-Independent Transport
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
2. Can we add “waste” to railway infrastructure…?
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
2008/98/CE
2. Can we add “waste” to railway infrastructure…?
-Waste+treatment= raw material
-0% disposal.
-Waste hierarchy:Energy recovery Recycling
-...
-Demolition waste Road gravelA-367-A-357 Malaga
-Steelworks waste Granular layersEje del Ballonti
-Dredging materials Fine aggregateTarragona Harbour
-...
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
BallastSub-ballast SleepersRailsFastenersElastomers
4.200 m3
8.000 t5.000 m3
10.000 t
3.333 sleepers550 m3 concrete
50 t steel1.100 t aggregate 6.666 pads
3.333 sleeper pads
13.333 fasteners
240 t steel
2000 cable ducts150 m3 concrete
Cable ducts
2. Can we add “waste” to railway infrastructure…?
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
3. Can we add crumb rubber modified bitumen to sub-ballast…?
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
30 CM
BEARING CAPACITY
IMPERMEABILITY
3. Can we add crumb rubber modified bitumen to sub-ballast…?
-Crumb rubber modified bitumen, is widely used in roads
-1978 PlusRide: First patent E.E.U.U.
-1994 First experience in Spain
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
2
22,,, ˆ)()ˆˆ(
tzxzxzx ∂∂
=∇+∇∇+d dd ρμμλ
“9 cm”
3. Can we add crumb rubber modified bitumen to sub-ballast…?
Wave equation
¡ HIGH VIBRATION ATTENUATION CAPACITY!
Visco-elastic behavior:• Increased dynamic power dissipation at higher %Crumb Rubber (Viscosity: medium-high frequency)• Increased Stiffness(Two order of magnitude: low frequency)
Closed MixtureGap Index < 6%
Gap Index Test(UNE- EN 12697-8)
єSettlement
(mm)
σStress (Pa)
1,03 49.700
FACTORED STATIC LOAD(EISENMANN)
Qd=Qe*(1+t*s*φ)Qe=17 t/axle … Qd=27 t/axle
EMBANKMENT: Type QS3(E=80Mpa)
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
SUB-BALLAST TYPE MATERIAL COST+PLACEMENT (€/m3)
GRANULAR SUB-BALLAST 20CRM BITUMEN SUB-
BALLAST 100
SUB-BALLAST TYPEBULDING COST
1 km DOUBLE TRACK (€)
GRANULAR SUB-BALLAST 88.000CRM BITUMEN SUB-
BALLAST 128.000
SUB-BALLAST TYPE MATERIAL COST+ SHIPPING + PLACEMENT (€)20 km 40 km 60 km 80 km 100 km
GRANULAR SUB-BALLAST 102.000 121.000 141.000 160.000 179.000
CRM BITUMEN SUB-BALLAST 135.000 141.000 147.000 154.000 160.000
3. Can we add crumb rubber modified bitumen to sub-ballast…?
TestFATIGUE RESISTANCE
(UNE- EN 12697-24; part 24)
UNALTERABLE(10.106 load cycles)
Short termAcceptable economic cost…
Long termAcceptable
economic cost…
I RAIL TECHNOLOGICAL FORUM FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION
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To sum up
1. Can we assure that rail transport is sustainable…? YES
2. Can we add “waste” to railway infrastructure…? YES
3. Can we add crumb rubber modified bitumen to sub-ballast…? YES