moac 70-687 l10 networking
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
1/95
Lesson 10: Configuring
IP SettingsMOAC 70-687: Configuring Windows 8
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
2/95
Protocols Computers on a network communicate
using protocols, which are languages thatall the computers understand.
These protocols operate on different levels,forming what is commonly known as anetworking stack or protocol stack.
The most common method for illustrating the
operations of the networking stack is theOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI)reference model, which consists of sevenlayers.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
3/95
TCP and the OSIReference Model
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
4/95
Encapsulation
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
5/95
OSI Layers
What signal state represents a binary 1
How the receiving station knows when a"bit-time" starts
How the receiving station delimits aframe
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
6/95
OSI Layers
Starts and Stops logical Link
Sequences Frames Received Error Checks
Defines which node can talk
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
7/95
OSI Layers
Subnet Flow Control of Routers
Logical to Physical Address Mapping
Separates upper layers from switching technologies
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
8/95
OSI Layers
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
9/95
OSI Layers
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
10/95
OSI Layers
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
11/95
OSI Layers
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
12/95
Connecting to a Network Ethernet. Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling. RJ-45 connectors. 100 Mb/s or 1 Gb/s connections for Ethernet.
12
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
13/95
Host and IP addresses Hosts include.
o network printers, routers, layer 3 switches,managed switches, and any other device
that has a network card or interface . An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a logical
address 192.168.1.10
A MAC address is a p hysical address 00-1C-C0 - 92-A3-1C(Vendor ) (Interface)
13
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
14/95
IP Addresses IPv4 addresses, 32-bit numbers.
o 4 billion addresses IPv6 addresses, 128-bit addresses.
o 3.403 10 38 addresses.
14
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
15/95
IPv4 Classful Address The earliest IPv4 addresses were based on a
classful network design where the first threebits of the first octet would define the class
class A, B, and C.
15
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
16/95
Private Addresses These are private network addresses as
expressed in RFC 1918:o 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255o 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255o 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
16
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
17/95
Subnet Mask DEFINES network bits and host bits. 255.0.0.0, first 8 bits are network bits, last
24 bits are host bits. EXAMPLE
12.212.34.5 address with a subnetmask of 255.0.0.0
12.0.00 is network address0.212.34.5 host address.
17
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
18/95
Private Addresses RFC 1918:
o 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255o 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255o 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
18
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
19/95
Classless Addressing Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) Based on variable-length subnet
masking (VLSM) where you can take anetwork and subdivide the network intosmaller subnets.
19
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
20/95
Classless Inter-DomainRouting (CIDR)
CIDR differs from traditional addressing (nowcalled classful addressing) by allowing thedivision between the network identifier and
the host identifier to fall anywhere in an IPv4address. It does not have to fall on one of the eight-
bit boundaries.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 20
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
21/95
Configuring IPv4
21
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
22/95
Configuring IPv6
22
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
23/95
The math we use!
BASE 10 0 9 10, 11, 12, etc..
BASE 16 0 9 , A- F
BASE 2 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc..
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
24/95
IP Addressing
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
25/95
SAMPLE #1 You have been assigned a registered Class C
address of 204.10.15.0. Six subnets arerequired. You want to use the same subnetmask for each routers local interface. Whichsubnet mask should you use to maximize thenumber of available nodes at each site?
A. 255.255.224.0 B. 255.255.255.0B. 255.255.255.224 D. 255.255.255.248
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
26/95
SAMPLE #2 Your Class B internetwork has 124 subnets.
Which two subnets can you NOT use?
A. 255.255.248.0B. 255.255.252.0C. 255.255.254.0D. 255.255.255.0
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
27/95
SAMPLE #3 Your IP address is 105.185.185.78 and your
subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. How manysubnets can exist on your internetwork?
A. 124B. 126C. 128
D. 254E. 255F. 256
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
28/95
SAMPLE #4 Your IP address is 172.10.60.18 and your subnet
mask is 255.255.240.0. Which four hosts are onyour local network? A. 172.10.48.9B. 172.10.55.18C. 172.10.67.53D. 172.10.0.66
E. 172.10.63.24F. 172.10.59.132
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
29/95
SAMPLE #5 Your Class B internetwork has 70 subnets
and the largest subnet has 420 hosts. Whatis your subnet mask?
A. 255.255.240.0B. 255.255.248.0C. 255.255.252.0D. 255.255.254.0
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
30/95
SAMPLE #6 A company with the network ID of
209.168.19.0 occupies five floors of an officebuilding. You create a subnet for each floor.
You want to allow for the largest possiblenumber of host Ids for each subnet. Whatsubnet mask would you choose?
A. 255.255.255.192 C: 255.255.255.224B. 255.255.255.240 D: 255.255.255.248
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
31/95
SAMPLE #7 Your IP address is 141.10.10.10 and your
internetwork has 12 physical segments.Which of the following subnet masks is valid
to achieve the greatest number of hosts oneach subnet? A: 255.255.224.0 D: 255.255.252.0B: 255.255.240.0 E: 255.255.254.0 C: 255.255.248.0
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
32/95
SAMPLE #8 You have been assigned a registered an
address of 223.15.11.254. Fourteen subnets arerequired. You want to use the same subnetmask for each routers local interface. Whichsubnet mask should you use to maximize thenumber of available nodes at each site?A. 255.255.255.0
B. 255.255.255.192C. 255.255.255.224D. 255.255.255.248
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
33/95
SAMPLE #9 Your IP address is 142.20.16.113 and your
subnet mask is 255.255.255.224. How manysubnets can exist on your internetwork?
A. 1,024B. 2,048C. 4,096D. 8,192E. 16,384
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
34/95
SAMPLE #10 Your IP address is 10.10.20.200 and your
subnet mask is 255.224.0.0. Which four hostsare on your local network?
A. 10.100.0.9B. 10.100.8.18C. 10.100.61.53
D. 10.100.15.66E. 10.100.31.24F. 10.100.37.132
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
35/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
36/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
37/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
38/95
Global Unicast Address Public addresses that are globally routable
and reachable on the IPv6 portion of theInternet.
38
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
39/95
Link-local Addresses Private non-routable addresses confined
to a single subnet. They are used by hosts when
communicating with neighboring hosts onthe same link but can also be used tocreate temporary networks forconferences or meetings, or set up apermanent small LAN.
Routers process packets destined for a link-local address, but they will not forwardthem to other links.
39
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
40/95
Unique Local Addresses Meant for private addressing, with the
addition of being unique, so that joining twosubnets does not cause address collisions.
40
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
41/95
IPv6 Transition Windows 8, by default, installs support for
both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing when itdetects a network interface adapter in the
computer. Microsoft refers to this as Windows 8s dual IP
stack.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 41
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
42/95
IPv6 Transition
Windows 8 support for IPv4 and IPv6
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 42
W ll K P N b
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
43/95
Well-Known Port NumbersUsed by TCP and UDP
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 43
Serv i ce
Name
P o r t
N u m b e r P r o t o c o l F u n c t i o n
ftp-data 20 TCP FTP data channel; used for transmitting filesbetween systems
ftp 21 TCP FTP control channel; used by FTP-connected
systems for exchanging commands and responsesSsh 22 TCP and UDP SSH (Secure Shell) Remote Login Protocol; used
to security log on to a computer from anothercomputer on the same network and executecommands
telnet 23 TCP Telnet; used to execute commands on network-
connected systemsSmtp 25 TCP Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP); used to
send email messages
W ll K P N b
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
44/95
Well-Known Port NumbersUsed by TCP and UDP
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 44
Serv i ce
Name
P o r t
N u m b e r P r o t o c o l F u n c t i o n
Domain 53 TCP and UDP DNS; used to receive host name resolutionrequests from clients
Bootps 67 TCP and UDP Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) and DHCP servers;
used to receive TCP/IP configuration requestsfrom clients
Bootpc 68 TCP and UDP BOOTP and DHCP clients; used to send TCP/IPconfiguration requests to servers
http 80 TCP HTTP; used by web servers to receive requestsfrom client browsers
pop3 110 TCP Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3); used to retrieveemail requests from clients
W ll K P t N b
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
45/95
Well-Known Port NumbersUsed by TCP and UDP
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 45
Serv i ce
Name
P o r t
N u m b e r P r o t o c o l F u n c t i o n
nntp 119 TCP and UDP Network News Transfer Protocol; used to postand distribute messages to, and retrieve themfrom, Usenet servers on the Internet
ntp 123 TCP and UDP Network Time Protocol; used to exchange timesignals for the purpose of synchronizing theclocks in network computers
imap 143 TCP and UDP Internet Message Access Protocol version 4;used by email client programs to retrievemessages from a mail server
snmp 161 TCP and UDP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP);used by SNMP agents to transmit statusinformation to a network management console
https 443 TCP and UDP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over TLS/SSL
I t lli g N t k
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
46/95
Installing NetworkSupport
When Windows 8 detects a network interface adapter inthe computer, either during the operating systeminstallation or afterward, it installs a device driver for theadapter, as well as the components of the defaultnetworking stack including:
o Client for Microsoft Networkso QoS Packet Schedulero File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networkso Microsoft Network Adapter Multiplexor Protocolo Microsoft LLDP Protocol Drivero Link Layer Topology Discovery Mapper I/O Driver and Link
Layer Topology Discovery Respondero Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6)o Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 46
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
47/95
Installing Network Support
Windows 8 Networks controls
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 47
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
48/95
Installing Network Support
Windows 8 Network sharing controls
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 48
Using the Network and
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
49/95
Using the Network andSharing Center
The Network and Sharing Center is a centralizedconsole that offers technical specialists andsystem administrators access to most of the majornetworking tools included with Windows 8.
There are several ways to open the Network andSharing Center:
o Click the Search charm, select Settings, and searchfor Network and Sharing Center.
o From the Desktop, click the Settings charm and clickControl Panel. Then click Network and Internet >Network and Sharing Center.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 49
U i th N t k d
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
50/95
Using the Network andSharing Center
The Network and Sharing Center
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 50
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
51/95
Changing the Network
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
52/95
Changing the NetworkLocation
After you select the initial network locationduring the network interface adapterinstallation, Windows 8 attempts to detect
the type of location whenever you connectto a different network. When Windows 8 is unable to detect the
network type for any reason, it errs on theside of caution and sets the networklocation to Public, which is the safest option.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 52
Change the Network Location
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
53/95
Change the Network LocationUsing Homegroup Troubleshooter
The Troubleshoot and help preventcomputer problems page
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 53
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
54/95
Configure Advanced Sharing
The Change sharing options for different networkprofiles dialog box
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 54
Managing Network
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
55/95
Managing NetworkConnections
Windows 8 creates and configures local areaconnections automatically, but you can alsomanage and modify the properties of theconnections manually.
Each local area connection on a Windows 8system has a status dialog box that displaysreal-time information about the connection.
At the bottom of the dialog box are buttonsthat enable you to perform the following tasks:
o Propertieso Disable/Enableo Diagnose
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 55
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
56/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
57/95
View Connection Status
The Network Connection Details dialog box
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 57
Running Network
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
58/95
Running NetworkDiagnostics
When a networking problem exists, clickinga warning icon launches Windows NetworkDiagnostics.
Problems that the system can diagnoseinclude:
o Broken or detached cable connectionso IP address and subnet mask problemso Default gateway problemso DNS and DHCP configuration problemso Networking hardware configuration problemso Internet server addresses and service settings
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 58
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
59/95
Running Network Diagnostics
Running Windows Network Diagnostics
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 59
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
60/95
Using TCP/IP ToolsLesson 10: Configuring IP Settings
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 60
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
61/95
Using Ipconfig.exe All Windows operating systems, including Windows
8, have a graphical interface for configuringnetwork connections: a command-line tool calledIpconfig.exe.
The value of Ipconfig.exe is particularly apparentwhen a Windows 8 computer autoconfigures itsTCP/IP client or uses DHCP to obtain its IP addressand other TCP/IP configuration parameters.
In addition to displaying the DHCP-obtained
configuration settings, Ipconfig.exe also enablesyou to manually release the IP address that thesystem obtained from the DHCP server and renewexisting address leases.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 61
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
62/95
Using Ipconfig.exe
The Ipconfig.exe display
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 62
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
63/95
Using Ping.exe Ping.exe can tell you if the TCP/IP stack of
another system on the network is functioningnormally.
The Ping.exe program generates a series ofEcho Request messages using the InternetControl Message Protocol (ICMP) andtransmits them to the computer whose
name or IP address you specify on thecommand line.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 63
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
64/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
65/95
Using Tracert.exe Tracert.exe is a variation on Ping.exe. The program uses ICMP Echo Request and
Echo Reply messages just like Ping, but it
modifies the messages by changing thevalue of the TTL field in the IP header. The values in the TTL field prevent packets
from getting caught in router loops thatkeep them circulating endlessly around theinternetwork.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 65
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
66/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
67/95
Using Nslookup.exe
The Nslookup.exe display
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 67
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
68/95
Using Netstat.exe Netstat.exe is a command-line program that
displays status information abouto The current network connections on a computer
running Windows 8.o the traffic generated by the various TCP/IP
protocols. In UNIX, the program is called netstat, and in
Windows 8, it is called Netstat.exe.
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 68
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
69/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
70/95
Using Netstat.exe
The Ethernet interface statistics in Netstat.exe
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 70
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
71/95
Using Netstat.exe
The IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables in Netstat.exe
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 71
Network Address
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
72/95
Network AddressTranslation
Network address translation (NAT) is usedwith masquerading to hide an entireaddress space behind a single IP address.
In other words, it allows multiple computerson a network to connect to the Internetthrough a single IP address.
72
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
73/95
Connectivity Issues Check the cable. Check the indicator lights on the network
card or interface and the lights on the
switch or hub to determine what the LEDsare telling you. If you have no lights on the switch or hub,
make sure that the switch or hub has powerand is turned on. (Check UPS)
How do you check this?????
73
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
74/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
75/95
IPConfig Command
75
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
76/95
PING Command
76
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
77/95
Tracert Command
77
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
78/95
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
79/95
Nbtstat
79
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
80/95
Network Address
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
81/95
Network AddressTranslation
Network address translation (NAT) is usedwith masquerading to hide an entireaddress space behind a single IP address.
81
Network and Sharing
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
82/95
Network and SharingCenter
Network and Sharing Center provides real-timestatus information about your network.
It can be used to configure and manage yournetwork connections including managing your
wireless networks, the type of connections youhave, and the level of access you have to othercomputers and devices on the network.
It can also be used to help troubleshoot
network connectivity problems by providingdetailed information about your network in thenetwork map.
82
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
83/95
Common Ports DNS: TCP/UDP port 53 FTP: TCP port 20 and 21 HTTP: TCP port 80
HTTPS: TCP port 443 IMAP: TCP/UDP port 143 LDAP: TCP port 389 POP3: TCP port 110 SMTP: TCP/UDP port 25 Telnet: TCP/UDP port 23
83
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
84/95
Managing Network Discovery
and Sharing Services The Network and Sharing Center also allows
you to configure certain network services
such as network discovery and sharing.These settings include:o Network discoveryo File and printer sharingo Public folder sharingo Media streamingo Password protected sharing
84
Managing Network
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
85/95
Managing NetworkDiscovery
and Sharing Services
85
Network and Sharing
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
86/95
Network and SharingCenter
86
Name Resolution (HOST
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
87/95
Name Resolution (HOSTand LHMOST Files)
ARP WINS DNS Early TCP/IP networks used hosts (used with
domain/host names associated with DNS)and lmhost (used with NetBIOS/Computernames associated with WINS) files
C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc .
87
ARP OPERATIONS IN A SUBNET
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
88/95
10.0.2.1A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
ARP Table:
? MACA.B.C.1.2.3
MAC
?IP
10.0.2.1IP
10.0.2.9 Data
request
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
89/95
10.0.2.1A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
request
MACA.B.C.1.2.3
MACff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff
IP10.0.2.1
IP10.0.2.9
What is your MAC Addr?
ARP operation: Checking & REPLY
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
90/95
10.0.2.1A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
ARP operation: Checking & REPLY
MACA.B.C.1.2.3
MACff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff
IP10.0.2.1
IP10.0.2.9
What is your MAC Addr?
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
91/95
BOOTP IP The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) operates in
a client/server environment and onlyrequires a single packet exchange to obtainIP information.
BOOTP packets can include the IP address,as well as the address of a router, theaddress of a server, and vendor-specific
information. Static Table
Dynamic addressing: BOOTP
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
92/95
MAC: KnownIP: Unknown
UDP Broadcast
UDP Broadcast
BOOTPserver
MAC 1 IP 1MAC 2 IP 2MAC 3 IP 3
IP Address
GatewayIP of serverVendor-specific
(DHCP)
IP Datagram
Dynamic addressing: DHCP
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
93/95
Dynamic addressing: DHCP
MAC: KnownIP: Unknown
DHCP DiscoverUDP Broadcast
DHCP OfferUDP Broadcast
DHCP server
IP1IP2IP3
DHCP Request
DHCP Ack
IP AddressGatewayIP of serversAnd more
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
94/95
Domain Name System DNS, Domain Name System , is a hierarchical
client/server-based distributed databasemanagement systems that translatesdomain/host names to an IP address.
94
-
8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking
95/95
WINS Another name resolution technology is
Windows Internet Name Service or WINS,which translates from NetBIOS (computername) to specify a network resource.
Since the growth of the Internet and thescalability of DNS, WINS is considered alegacy system.