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Slide 2 I. The Renaissance Western Europe emerged from the Middle Ages during an era known as the Renaissance From 1300 to 1600, Western Europe experienced a rebirth in trade, learning, & Greco-Roman ideas During the Renaissance, Europeans developed new ideas in art, govt, & human potential The Renaissance was a revival of learning based on knowledge from Classical Greece & Rome. This intellectual change has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Slide 3 What changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade & Cities? Government? Religion? Human Potential? Trade & Cities? Slide 4 ThinkWhat was trade like during the Middle Ages? During the Middle Ages, trade was limited to the manor. Very little if any exchanges between manors existed. Think self- sufficient Slide 5 II. Trade & Cities during the Renaissance Slide 6 The Crusades increased European demand for luxury goods from Asia Italian merchants began meeting the demand for trade in Europe Slide 7 As a result, Italian cities & a wealthy middle class began to form in Italy The most important Italian city was Florence, where wealth from trade sparked the Renaissance A new middle class of bankers, merchants, & skilled craftsmen gained lots of power The Medici family were wealthy bankers who used their wealth to buy art (Patrons) In addition, the fact that Italians could look at the ruins of the Roman Empire for inspiration, it made for the perfect location for the Renaissance. Slide 8 ThinkWhat changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade & Cities? Government? Religion? Human Potential? Government? Slide 9 ThinkWhat was government like in the Middle Ages? During the Middle Ages, government was not centralized and therefore there was no peace and no stability Slide 10 III. Government During the Renaissance Slide 11 Kings were able to tax merchants & use their wealth to build armies & strong nations which hurt the power of the feudal lords From 1337 to 1453, England & France began a conflict called the Hundred Years War During the war, nationalism increased as people became loyal to their king & nation, rather than their lord Slide 12 During the Hundred Years War, new military weapons decreased the power of feudal lords & knights The discovery of Chinese gunpowder led to the development of cannons which helped armies penetrate castles Slide 13 The invention of the longbow allowed soldiers to shoot accurately up to 300 yards which decreased the importance of knights on horseback Slide 14 ThinkWhat changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade & Cities? Government? Religion? Human Potential? Religion? Slide 15 ThinkWhat was religion like in the Middle Ages? During the Middle Ages, the only accepted religion in Europe was Roman Catholicism. The church was the only institution that provided stability. The heavy reliance on religion gave way to the term Age of Faith Slide 16 IV. Religion during the Renaissance Slide 17 In the late Middle Ages, the Pope & the Catholic Church lost some of its influence as a result of the losses to Muslim armies during the Crusades Despite having less influence, the Catholic Church was still an important part of peoples lives & the Pope remained important Slide 18 ThinkWhat changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade & Cities? Government? Religion? Human Potential? Slide 19 ThinkWhat were common people expected to do during the Middle Ages? During the Middle Ages, most people were peasants. A hard life was lived where daily duties revolved around farming the manor. Slide 20 During the Middle Ages, peasants did not own land & had no options other than remaining loyal to a feudal lord & work within the manorial system Slide 21 The rise of trade during the Renaissance gave people options to leave the manor & move to cities to serve as merchants or skilled artisans As peasants left the manor to seek new job opportunities, the manor systems weakened because few were left to do the work. This was a key factor behind the end to the feudal system. Slide 22 In 1347, a trade ship arrived in Italy carrying plague-infested rats The plague swept quickly throughout Europe along trade routes V. The Plague Another reason for the decline of the manorial system was the plague, known as the Black Death Slide 23 The Black Death Slide 24 Slide 25 ( The plague killed 25 million people in 5 years ( 1 / 3 of Europes population) The plague caused a labor shortage; those that survived could demand higher wages & more rights Slide 26 VI. Life during the Renaissance Slide 27 For those that survived the plague years, a greater desire to celebrate and enjoy life led people to believe that they should try new things Slide 28 Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance Social status was based on wealth & ability, not birthright A new way of thinking began during the Renaissance called Humanism Humanists studied the classical ideas of Greece & Rome & believed that individual human achievements should be celebrated Slide 29 What was expected of men & women in the Renaissance? The ideal man was well educated, smart, can dance, write poetry, & play music; (called a Renaissance Man) The ideal woman should have the same qualities as men but should not seek fame or political power (Renaissance women were better educated but had fewer rights than medieval women) Slide 30 Slide 31 Slide 32 The revival of trade in Europe helped bring an end to the Middle Ages & gave rise to the Renaissance Increased trade gave rise to Italian city-states & a wealthy middle class of bankers & merchants Wealthy bankers & merchants wanted to show off their new status by commissioning art The rise of cities brought artists together which led to new techniques & styles of art Slide 33 The most important Italian city-state was Florence; In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began Florence was home to the Medici family, the wealthiest & most powerful bankers in Europe The Medici used their wealth to commission art for themselves & to beautify Florence Slide 34 Florence under the Medici Medici Chapel The Medici Palace Cosimo Lorenzo Guiliano Lorenzo de Medici commissioned this painting from Botticelli of the Medici brothers as the three magi The Medici paid to build a massive domed cathedral for Florence Slide 35 New styles & techniques of Renaissance art Realism & emotion Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people Geometric arrangements Perspective Using light & shadows GreekRenaissance Slide 36 Renaissance Artists Slide 37 Donatello Donatello was the 1 st great sculptor of the Renaissance Donatello revived the classical (Greco-Roman) style of sculpture that were realistic & could be viewed from all sides Donatellos David was the 1 st large, free- standing human sculpture of the Renaissance Slide 38 Michelangelo Michelangelo was one of the most famous Renaissance artists: He was a painter, sculptor, architect, & poet His sculptures & paintings showed realism, detail of the human body, & expression to show personality & emotion Slide 39 Michelangelo sculptures Pieta& David are considered masterpieces Slide 40 Michelangelos greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel which shows Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty Slide 41 Slide 42 Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was a true Renaissance Man He was a painter & sculptor whose art was known for incredible realism & emotion He was also an inventor & scientist whose sketches reveal observations about human anatomy & new engineering technology Slide 43 His Last Supper shows Jesus last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece Slide 44 Leonardo da Vincis greatest masterpiece was the Mona Lisa which was known for its emotion & depth Slide 45 Leonardos Inventions Slide 46 Slide 47 Raphael Raphael perfected Renaissance painting He improved perspective and realism by studying Leonardo & Michelangelo Raphael became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing a combination of famous Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people Slide 48 Raphael Michelangelo Plato (drawn to look like Da Vinci) Aristotle Pythagoras Euclid Raphaels greatest painting was School of Athens which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome with important people from the Renaissance Slide 49 Raphaels Betrothal of the Virgin Slide 50 Filippo Brunelleschi Brunelleschi was Florences greatest architect: He studied the Roman Pantheon when he built the Cuppolo of Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence The dome inspired modern building designs Slide 51 Dome Comparisons Il Duomo, Florence St. Peters, Rome St. Pauls, London US Capital, Washington, D.C. Slide 52 The Northern Renaissance Slide 53 The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars & merchants from other areas visited Italian city-states As these ideas spread, this Northern Renaissance developed its own characteristics Slide 54 The Renaissance in France was most known for its unique architecture Slide 55 The Renaissance in England was most known for literature, especially the plays of William Shakespeare Slide 56 Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Eyck The Renaissance in the Netherlands was most known for realism in art Slide 57 Another important renaissance man was the inventor Johann Gutenbergs who invention of the moveable-type printing press in 1453. Slide 58 He produced his first book the Gutenberg Bible in 1455. By 1500, presses in Europe had printed nearly 10 million books Slide 59 Printing made books less expensive and more available Written works became available in English, French, Spanish, Italian, or German (vernacular-the spoken language) More people began to read (The Bible was a popular book) After reading the Bible, people formed new ideas about Christianity (these ideas were different from official Church teachings Slide 60 Renaissance Medieval Guess if the following pieces of art (A-J) are: Renaissance or Medieval Slide 61 A Slide 62 B Slide 63 C Slide 64 D Slide 65 E Slide 66 F Slide 67 G Slide 68 H Slide 69 I Slide 70 J