MODULE 3 HISTORY O OFMODULE 3 HISTORY O OFPHILIPPINE PLANNINGPHILIPPINE PLANNING

bybyMichael T.Michael T. AngAng

UAP PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CENTER

MODULE 3 HISTORY O OFMODULE 3 HISTORY O OFPHILIPPINE PLANNINGPHILIPPINE PLANNING

bybyMichael T.Michael T. AngAng

1. Scattered/dispersed communities2. Riverine (linear patter)3. Self-sufficient individual economies4. Absence of stone structures5. Barangay is the basic structure as:

a. Consisting of 30-100familiesb. Was composed of single kinship with a chieftain as DATU.c. Closed system, protected by substantial fortificationd. Self-sufficient agrarian economy supplemented by fishing and

hunting Inter-Barangay contacts were minimal Supra-Barangay for mutual protection validated through

inter-Barangay marriages6. No distinct development plan followed to layout the internal

structure7. Planning was more a dictate of environmental conditions rather

than a conceived and willful activity.

1. Scattered/dispersed communities2. Riverine (linear patter)3. Self-sufficient individual economies4. Absence of stone structures5. Barangay is the basic structure as:

a. Consisting of 30-100familiesb. Was composed of single kinship with a chieftain as DATU.c. Closed system, protected by substantial fortificationd. Self-sufficient agrarian economy supplemented by fishing and

hunting Inter-Barangay contacts were minimal Supra-Barangay for mutual protection validated through

inter-Barangay marriages6. No distinct development plan followed to layout the internal

structure7. Planning was more a dictate of environmental conditions rather

than a conceived and willful activity.

SPANISH SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Barangay decentralization prevented a formidable obstacle to

Spanish colonizers Christianization. Spiritual conquest could be achieved only by

community consolidation or reduction Nucleation Strategy. Resettlement, a necessary condition and

logical corollary of Christian conversion and culturaltransformation.a. 1520s-1570s. First attempts of resettlement but failedb. 1589. First official resettlement Program.c. 1597. Resettlement Policies were institutionalized in theLaws of the Indies (indigenous inhabitants).

Compact Villages provided a rapid Christian indoctrination andsocietal reorganization

Ciudades. These are urban cluster settlements with non-agricultural population of at least 10,000 persons. It functions asdefensive centers, seat of bishoprics, center for education,regional centers for colonial rule. It has a social mix of Spanishconcomicaderos, resident ecclesiastics, Principalia and Chinese.

Villas. These are semi-urban nodes strategically scattered for aneffective colonial control.

SPANISH SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Barangay decentralization prevented a formidable obstacle to

Spanish colonizers Christianization. Spiritual conquest could be achieved only by

community consolidation or reduction Nucleation Strategy. Resettlement, a necessary condition and

logical corollary of Christian conversion and culturaltransformation.a. 1520s-1570s. First attempts of resettlement but failedb. 1589. First official resettlement Program.c. 1597. Resettlement Policies were institutionalized in theLaws of the Indies (indigenous inhabitants).

Compact Villages provided a rapid Christian indoctrination andsocietal reorganization

Ciudades. These are urban cluster settlements with non-agricultural population of at least 10,000 persons. It functions asdefensive centers, seat of bishoprics, center for education,regional centers for colonial rule. It has a social mix of Spanishconcomicaderos, resident ecclesiastics, Principalia and Chinese.

Villas. These are semi-urban nodes strategically scattered for aneffective colonial control.

SPANISH SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Cabeceras are small misson settlements located at

the heart of the town. It functions as center forreligious activities and cultural change. With a socialmix of Spanish friars and Principalias, it features:a. Church/convents located at the centerb. Municipal Buildingc. Residences of Chief Citizens (principalias)d. Approaches to reduction (reducir)e. Military coercionf. Enticement (colorful ritual of Catholicism)g. Children as instrument s of resettlements(seminario de Indio)

Spanish Law: All colonial land and produce belonged to the king.

SPANISH SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Cabeceras are small misson settlements located at

the heart of the town. It functions as center forreligious activities and cultural change. With a socialmix of Spanish friars and Principalias, it features:a. Church/convents located at the centerb. Municipal Buildingc. Residences of Chief Citizens (principalias)d. Approaches to reduction (reducir)e. Military coercionf. Enticement (colorful ritual of Catholicism)g. Children as instrument s of resettlements(seminario de Indio)

Spanish Law: All colonial land and produce belonged to the king.

Table 1. Hierarchy of Governmental Units.Pre -

Conquest Early Spanish Late Spanish Contemporary (English

Barangay

Ranchera Sitio Sitio (hamlet)Visita Barangay Barrio/Barangay Barrio (Village)

Cabecerra Poblacion Poblacion (Town) orCentroPueblo Municipio Municipality(township)Ciudad Ciudad City

Hispanic Masterplan derived from the urban formulas of the 15thand 16th Century Italian Renaissance Theories:

a. Used plastic cultural materialsb. Standard Gridiron arrangements

Focused on a central plaza surrounded by an orderly system ofrectangular street blocks, where the public and civil structureswith the church as the nucleus.

Ciudad Ciudad CityAtealdia MayorCorregimiento Provinces Province

Daniel Burnham (1905)., prepared a physical developmentplan for Manila and a layout of the major land uses of Baguio.He advocated the City Beautiful Movement which features:a. Aesthetic Valuesb. Visual image of the cityc. With emphasis on wide boulevards (tree-lined), Park

system (landscaped), Symmetry of Public squares andcivic centers.

d. Focused on themes of devotion to classic-renaissancecharacter in the building design and commitment tomonumental city planning

e. Municipal arts, civic improvements and outdoor artsRevised Code of 1917 instructing the Public Works director to

prepare general development plans for all cities andmunicipalities of the country. Local governmentsenacted zoning ordinances to regulate the use ofprivatge properties

SANITARY BARRIOS are models of sanitary facilities provisions fornipa neighborhood.1920s saw the development of barrio obreros meaning working

class districts.1926-1933 started the survey of slums by the colonial government. Housing

Committees were formed to undertake slum clearance and housing projects.

Daniel Burnham (1905)., prepared a physical developmentplan for Manila and a layout of the major land uses of Baguio.He advocated the City Beautiful Movement which features:a. Aesthetic Valuesb. Visual image of the cityc. With emphasis on wide boulevards (tree-lined), Park

system (landscaped), Symmetry of Public squares andcivic centers.

d. Focused on themes of devotion to classic-renaissancecharacter in the building design and commitment tomonumental city planning

e. Municipal arts, civic improvements and outdoor artsRevised Code of 1917 instructing the Public Works director to

prepare general development plans for all cities andmunicipalities of the country. Local governmentsenacted zoning ordinances to regulate the use ofprivatge properties

SANITARY BARRIOS are models of sanitary facilities provisions fornipa neighborhood.1920s saw the development of barrio obreros meaning working

class districts.1926-1933 started the survey of slums by the colonial government. Housing

Committees were formed to undertake slum clearance and housing projects.

COmmonwealthManuel L. Quezon was focused on Social Justice. His key legislations

were:1. 1936 Vitas Tenement Housing Project2. 1938 saw the acquisitioned land at Diliman Hacienda.3. National Assembly enacted legislation to authorize upon just

compensation, the appropriation of lands to be subdividedinto small lots and conveyed at cost to individuals (CA20-1936; CA260-1938; CA420-1939; CA 538-1940).

4. CA No. 2 created the National Economic Council to undertakeplanning and economic programs

5. Urban Planning and Development Agencies:o PHC. Peoples Homesite Corporation. This agency is

responsible for home building, home ownership anddeveloper of model communities (Diliman Estate)

o NHC. National Housing Commission , 1941 wasresponsible for the handling of urban housing,subdivision, slum clearance projects. However, it wasnever formally organized due to the outbreak of WW2.

6. CA 502 (1/12/1939) made Quezon City the Charter New CapitolCity. A plan was prepared but was never implemented due tothe outbreak of the war.

Manuel L. Quezon was focused on Social Justice. His key legislationswere:

1. 1936 Vitas Tenement Housing Project2. 1938 saw the acquisitioned land at Diliman Hacienda.3. National Assembly enacted legislation to authorize upon just

compensation, the appropriation of lands to be subdividedinto small lots and conveyed at cost to individuals (CA20-1936; CA260-1938; CA420-1939; CA 538-1940).

4. CA No. 2 created the National Economic Council to undertakeplanning and economic programs

5. Urban Planning and Development Agencies:o PHC. Peoples Homesite Corporation. This agency is

responsible for home building, home ownership anddeveloper of model communities (Diliman Estate)

o NHC. National Housing Commission , 1941 wasresponsible for the handling of urban housing,subdivision, slum clearance projects. However, it wasnever formally organized due to the outbreak of WW2.

6. CA 502 (1/12/1939) made Quezon City the Charter New CapitolCity. A plan was prepared but was never implemented due tothe outbreak of the war.

1. Urgent need to reconstruct orrehabilitate the housing requirements ofthe masses

2. Emergency Measures-primarily buildingof workers tenement housing, control ofurban tenant-landlord relations

3. Creation of new organizations/reorganization of old organizations

4. Concentration of policy on economicgrowth and recovery. However, therewas little support extended to urbanhousing and development projects.

5. Planning and Development Agencies:a. National Urban Planning

Commission (EO98,1946). Thisagency was mandated to rebuildthe settlements ruined by war andprepared the general developmentplans and formalization of zoningordinances and subdivisionregulations

b. Peoples Homesite and HousingCorporation (1947) was mandatedfor the acquisistion, constructionand management of low-costhousing projects, slum clearancesand relocation.These were notsuccessful due to insufficientfunding, absence of defdiunitepolicy, and shortage of qualifiedpersonnel.

July 17, 1948 saw the organization andoperation of the Capital City PlanningCommission.1950, the National Urban Planning

Commission, the capital City PlanningCommission and the Real Estate PropertyBoard (RPB) merged into the NationalPlanning Commission (NPC) with functionsas:a. Formulation of plans for all

municipalityes/cities/regions;b. Prepare zoning ordinances and

subdivision regulations; andc. Draft a uniform building code1954. NPC prepared a master plan for

Manila1956. NPC made 194 plans ready for

adoption by cities and towns. These wereModel subdivision regulations and buildingcodes, generally oriented to CIVIC DESIGN..1954. presidential Assistance on Housing

(PAH) was created. EO 64 & 68 authorizedPAH to propose and implement a nationwidehousing program with functions as:a. Formulated the uniform housing

standardsb. Coordination with all government

relocation programsc. Formulation of Policy proposal

1. Urgent need to reconstruct orrehabilitate the housing requirements ofthe masses

2. Emergency Measures-primarily buildingof workers tenement housing, control ofurban tenant-landlord relations

3. Creation of new organizations/reorganization of old organizations

4. Concentration of policy on economicgrowth and recovery. However, therewas little support extended to urbanhousing and development projects.

5. Planning and Development Agencies:a. National Urban Planning

Commission (EO98,1946). Thisagency was mandated to rebuildthe settlements ruined by war andprepared the general developmentplans and formalization of zoningordinances and subdivisionregulations

b. Peoples Homesite and HousingCorporation (1947) was mandatedfor the acquisistion, constructionand management of low-costhousing projects, slum clearancesand relocation.These were notsuccessful due to insufficientfunding, absence of defdiunitepolicy, and shortage of qualifiedpersonnel.

July 17, 1948 saw the organization andoperation of the Capital City PlanningCommission.1950, the National Urban Planning

Commission, the capital City PlanningCommission and the Real Estate PropertyBoard (RPB) merged into the NationalPlanning Commission (NPC) with functionsas:a. Formulation of plans for all

municipalityes/cities/regions;b. Prepare zoning ordinances and

subdivision regulations; andc. Draft a uniform building code1954. NPC prepared a master plan for

Manila1956. NPC made 194 plans ready for

adoption by cities and towns. These wereModel subdivision regulations and buildingcodes, generally oriented to CIVIC DESIGN..1954. presidential Assistance on Housing

(PAH) was created. EO 64 & 68 authorizedPAH to propose and implement a nationwidehousing program with functions as:a. Formulated the uniform housing

standardsb. Coordination with all government

relocation programsc. Formulation of Policy proposal

1956, the Home Financing Commission was created to operate a mortgage insurance program,to encourage/initiate the organization of building and of loans associations; and promotedhome building and land ownership. GSIS, SSS, DBP gave housing loans to low-incomegroups for home construction.

1959. The Local (Government) Autonomy Act saw the decentralization of planning zoning andsubdivision regulations

1960. Concept of regional planning introduced to bridge the gap between National developmentand local planning efforts for reasons:a. To stimulate economic development of potential regions that were then underdeveloped, andb. To effect a more even distribution of growth in the different regions of the country.

1961. Mindanao (Mindanao development Authority)-Sulu-Palawan Association was created to:a. Prepare a comprehensive plan to enhance socio-economic developments of a region

based on the guidelines of NEC.b. Extend planning, management and technical assistance to private investorsc. Recommend to agencies what agricultural and industrial projects to implement.d. Coordinate and harmonize diverse programs and operations of different public and

private agencies.1962. Five year Integrated Socio-economic Plan for Regional development in Mindanao and

Cagayan Valley in Central Luzon. Mindanao plan was for industrial and agriculturaldevelopment and for integrated steel mill, aluminum, fertilizers and plywood manufacturing.Cagayan was planned for the development of water resources. The emphasis was todecentralize planning functions to regional level RDA and yielded:a. Mindanao Development Authorityb. Central Luzon-Cagayan Valley Authjorityc. Bicol Development Companyd. Laguna Lake Development Authority

1956, the Home Financing Commission was created to operate a mortgage insurance program,to encourage/initiate the organization of building and of loans associations; and promotedhome building and land ownership. GSIS, SSS, DBP gave housing loans to low-incomegroups for home construction.

1959. The Local (Government) Autonomy Act saw the decentralization of planning zoning andsubdivision regulations

1960. Concept of regional planning introduced to bridge the gap between National developmentand local planning efforts for reasons:a. To stimulate economic development of potential regions that were then underdeveloped, andb. To effect a more even distribution of growth in the different regions of the country.

1961. Mindanao (Mindanao development Authority)-Sulu-Palawan Association was created to:a. Prepare a comprehensive plan to enhance socio-economic developments of a region

based on the guidelines of NEC.b. Extend planning, management and technical assistance to private investorsc. Recommend to agencies what agricultural and industrial projects to implement.d. Coordinate and harmonize diverse programs and operations of different public and

private agencies.1962. Five year Integrated Socio-economic Plan for Regional development in Mindanao and

Cagayan Valley in Central Luzon. Mindanao plan was for industrial and agriculturaldevelopment and for integrated steel mill, aluminum, fertilizers and plywood manufacturing.Cagayan was planned for the development of water resources. The emphasis was todecentralize planning functions to regional level RDA and yielded:a. Mindanao Development Authorityb. Central Luzon-Cagayan Valley Authjorityc. Bicol Development Companyd. Laguna Lake Development Authority

1962. Administrative order 31- For the City/Municipality/Provinces to form its local planning board to prepare developmentplans and development control regulations under the supervision ofNPC.

1964. Presidential Assistance on Housing was created under thedirect supervision of the President and served as overallcoordinator of all agencies related to housing and as liaison officebetween the government and the Private Sector.

1968. EO 121 BY president Marcos strengthened the ProvincialPlanning into the Provincial Development Committee tasked toprepare provincial development plans and to coordinate public andprivate sectors implementation of development projects.

1970 saw the impact of uncontrolled urbanization. UNDPPrograms under the World Bank were implemented, as:

a. Physical Planning Strategyb. Manila Bay Metropolitan Development Project

c. Mindanao development Project1972. PD 1 created the National Economic and Development

Authority (NEDA) to replace the National Economic Committee(NEC). It also subdivided the country into eleven administrativeregions with a regional center or capital designated and a RegionalDevelopment Council.

1962. Administrative order 31- For the City/Municipality/Provinces to form its local planning board to prepare developmentplans and development control regulations under the supervision ofNPC.

1964. Presidential Assistance on Housing was created under thedirect supervision of the President and served as overallcoordinator of all agencies related to housing and as liaison officebetween the government and the Private Sector.

1968. EO 121 BY president Marcos strengthened the ProvincialPlanning into the Provincial Development Committee tasked toprepare provincial development plans and to coordinate public andprivate sectors implementation of development projects.

1970 saw the impact of uncontrolled urbanization. UNDPPrograms under the World Bank were implemented, as:

a. Physical Planning Strategyb. Manila Bay Metropolitan Development Project

c. Mindanao development Project1972. PD 1 created the National Economic and Development

Authority (NEDA) to replace the National Economic Committee(NEC). It also subdivided the country into eleven administrativeregions with a regional center or capital designated and a RegionalDevelopment Council.

September 19, 1973. EO 419 created the Task Force on HumanSettlements to provide a viable environment and human habitat, withfunctions as to:

a. undertake and support the National Human settlementsprogram and handle land use planning and resourcemanagement activities

b. In-depth studies on existing human settlements to identifypriority areas for project development

c. Formulate policy guidelines for project implementation.1978. PD 933 TFHS was elevated to Human Settlements Commission to

Human Settlements Regulatory Commission. PD 1396 created the Ministryof Human Settlements with forcus on land use and town planning,environment management and economic and livelihood programs.1980. Town Planning Assistance Program extended inter-agency programs

MLGCD, NEDA, MHS.1970-1975:

a. IRP 1972 Regionalization made:i. The administration of the national government closerto the people.

ii. To provide a more rational framework for regionalplanning (ADB, 1990)

b. Creation of RDC and NRC with emphasis on PhysicalFramework Planning integrating economic, social andadministrative goals.

September 19, 1973. EO 419 created the Task Force on HumanSettlements to provide a viable environment and human habitat, withfunctions as to:

a. undertake and support the National Human settlementsprogram and handle land use planning and resourcemanagement activities

b. In-depth studies on existing human settlements to identifypriority areas for project development

c. Formulate policy guidelines for project implementation.1978. PD 933 TFHS was elevated to Human Settlements Commission to

Human Settlements Regulatory Commission. PD 1396 created the Ministryof Human Settlements with forcus on land use and town planning,environment management and economic and livelihood programs.1980. Town Planning Assistance Program extended inter-agency programs

MLGCD, NEDA, MHS.1970-1975:

a. IRP 1972 Regionalization made:i. The administration of the national government closerto the people.

ii. To provide a more rational framework for regionalplanning (ADB, 1990)

b. Creation of RDC and NRC with emphasis on PhysicalFramework Planning integrating economic, social andadministrative goals.

1976 1976 saw the following:a. IAD-Integrated Area Developmentb. Human Settlements Approach 11 Basic needs of

Human settlementsc. Industrial Dispersal Policyd. Shift from Framework planning to Investment

Programming (RDIP)e. PD 1517 created the Urban Land Reform to liberate

communities from blight, congestion and hazard, topromote devel0pment and modernization.

1986 - 1996a. 1986 is the period of decentralization and autonomy.b. 1987 saw the reformulation/updating of the 1935

Constitution.i. More genuine political commitment toregionalization and decentralizationii. The early years of the Aquino Government hasintensified efforts towards decentralization and

creation of autonomous regions (Cario, 1990).1987-1989 saw the reorganization of government to strengthen

regional units, reduction of national government officepersonnel and decentralization of DBM and devolution ofauthority to lower levels. It also reorganized RDC, PDC,MDCs and BDCs.

1976 1976 saw the following:a. IAD-Integrated Area Developmentb. Human Settlements Approach 11 Basic needs of

Human settlementsc. Industrial Dispersal Policyd. Shift from Framework planning to Investment

Programming (RDIP)e. PD 1517 created the Urban Land Reform to liberate

communities from blight, congestion and hazard, topromote devel0pment and modernization.

1986 - 1996a. 1986 is the period of decentralization and autonomy.b. 1987 saw the reformulation/updating of the 1935

Constitution.i. More genuine political commitment toregionalization and decentralizationii. The early years of the Aquino Government hasintensified efforts towards decentralization and

creation of autonomous regions (Cario, 1990).1987-1989 saw the reorganization of government to strengthen

regional units, reduction of national government officepersonnel and decentralization of DBM and devolution ofauthority to lower levels. It also reorganized RDC, PDC,MDCs and BDCs.

a. RA 6734 created the Organic Act of ARMM in 1989. EO 820created the Cordillera Administrative Region

b. Autonomy of Local Government Units had:i. Devolve substantial planning and implementation powers toLGUs making a more viable and effective planning anddecision making machineries.

ii. Created the functions for policy guideline formulation andmonitoring and setting planning and implementationstandards.

c. RA 7279 created the Urban Development and Housing Actwhich:i. Plays down the role of the government as support to privatesector in urban development

ii. Focused on the underprivileged and homeless citizensiii. Decent housing at affordable cost, basic services andemployment opportunities creating the socializehousing Program

iv. Equitable utilization of residential landsd. RA 7160 created the Local Government Code

i. Land mark decrees: PD 144 Local development offices and

established the Local Development Fund PD 231 Codified the taxing powers of LGUs PD 464 Codified all laws pertaining to the realproperty tax

PD 477 codified all laws regarding theadministration of local funds and budgets.

a. RA 6734 created the Organic Act of ARMM in 1989. EO 820created the Cordillera Administrative Region

b. Autonomy of Local Government Units had:i. Devolve substantial planning and implementation powers toLGUs making a more viable and effective planning anddecision making machineries.

ii. Created the functions for policy guideline formulation andmonitoring and setting planning and implementationstandards.

c. RA 7279 created the Urban Development and Housing Actwhich:i. Plays down the role of the government as support to privatesector in urban development

ii. Focused on the underprivileged and homeless citizensiii. Decent housing at affordable cost, basic services andemployment opportunities creating the socializehousing Program

iv. Equitable utilization of residential landsd. RA 7160 created the Local Government Code

i. Land mark decrees: PD 144 Local development offices and

established the Local Development Fund PD 231 Codified the taxing powers of LGUs PD 464 Codified all laws pertaining to the realproperty tax

PD 477 codified all laws regarding theadministration of local funds and budgets.

1987-1989

i. ( RA 7160) Services and facilities devolved to LGUs: Agricultural extension and on-site research Community-based forestry projects Field health and hospital services Public works and infrastructure projects

funded out of local funds School building programs Social welfare services Tourism promotion and development Telecommunication ServicesTown planning and reclassification of

agricultural lands to urban uses Housing projects for provinces and cities Investment information and industrial

research and development services.

i. ( RA 7160) Services and facilities devolved to LGUs: Agricultural extension and on-site research Community-based forestry projects Field health and hospital services Public works and infrastructure projects

funded out of local funds School building programs Social welfare services Tourism promotion and development Telecommunication ServicesTown planning and reclassification of

agricultural lands to urban uses Housing projects for provinces and cities Investment information and industrial

research and development services.

GOOD LUCK!

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