PHILIPPINE HISTORY SPANISH

ERA

Spanish Colonization (1521 - 1898)

Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521.

 Magellan landed on the island of Cebu, claiming the lands for Spain and naming them Islas de San Lazaro. 

He set up friendly relations with some of the

local chieftains and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism. 

 Magellan's Cross is a Christian cross planted by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as ordered by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in Cebu in the Philippines on April 14, 1521.A sign below the cross describes the original cross is encased inside the

wooden cross that is found in the center of the chapel. This is to protect the

original cross from people who chipped away parts of the cross for souvenir

purposes or in the belief that the cross possesses miraculous powers. Some

people, however, believe that the original cross had been destroyed or had

disappeared after Magellan's death.

Lapu-Lapu was a ruler of Mactan, who is known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted the Spanish

colonization.

On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a battle against Portuguese explorer

and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led a force of forty-nine Spanish soldiers and 6000

native warriors from Cebu. During the battle Magellan and several of

his men were killed.

The Battle of Mactan - Many of the warriors attacked Magellan; he was wounded in the arm with a spear and in the leg by a kampilan. With this advantage, Lapu-Lapu's troops finally overpowered and killed Magellan. He was stabbed and hacked by spears and swords.

Magellan introduced

Christianity in Cebu

REASONS FOR COLONIZATION:3

G

THE CONVERSION OF NATIVES TO CHRISTIANITY

GOD

GOLD

ACCUMULATION OF GOLD AND WEALTH

GLORY

SUPREMACY OF SPAIN OVER PORTUGAL AS A

SUPERPOWER

SPAIN’S CONTRIBUTIO

N

The Residencia This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a governor general who was about to be replaced. The residencia, of which the incoming governor general was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King.

The VisitaThe Council of the Indies in

Spain sent a government official called the Vistador General to

observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the King.

The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to

loyal Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer the Philippines. The encomienda was not actually a land grant but was a favor from the kind under which the Spaniard receiving his favor was

given the right to collect tributes–or taxes–from the inhabitants of the area assigned to him. The man who received this favor was called an encomendero. The

encomienda was, therefore, a public office

In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed that Indians who had been pacified

should contribute a “moderate amount” in recognition of their vassalage.

TRIBUTE

The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better

known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used:

One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of

goods spending 90 days at sea.

CHALLENGES TO SPANISH AUTHORITY

 Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588 was a plot against Spanish colonial rule by the Tagalog

and Kapampangan noblemen, or datus, of Manila and some towns

of Bulacan and Pampanga, in the Philippines. It was led by Agustín de Legazpi, grandson of

conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.

The Tamblot Uprising of 1621, also known as the Tamblot Revolution or Tamblot Revolt, was led by Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest from the island of Bohol in the Philippines. It was basically a

religious conflict.Tamblot exhorted his people to return to the faith of their forefathers and free

themselves from Spanish oppression.

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was a revolutionary leader who conspired

with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an

independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses,

and by his belief in self-government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in

trained Ilocano officials.

The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Peace of Paris and the Treaty of

1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great

Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over

France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in the late 16th century during the era

of Spanish colonization when the Augustinians brought cigar tobacco seeds to the colony for cultivation. In

1686, William Dampier visited Mindanao and observed that smoking was a widespread

custom. It had also become an article of foreign trade with

the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice, bees wax and tobacco from the Spanish

colony.

The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is very important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for foreign traders to do business with many countries.

Philippines was one of those who benefited from its operation, not only in terms of business (economy), but

also about way of life. Contact with westerners who came to trade with Philippines brought-in new ideas,

knowledge/education, and other things.

Three martyr priests are publicly garroted as alleged leaders of

the Cavite Conspiracy, a movement for secularization and nationalism, which is distasteful to the Spanish friars. They

are Jose Burgos (born Feb 9, 1837), Mariano Gomez (born Aug 2,

1799) and Jacinto Zamora (born Aug 14, 1835). 

THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

THE CAMPAIGN

FOR REFORMS

PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had settled in Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the

organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines. Its prominent

members included Jose Rizal, author of Noli Me Tangere (novel) and El Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena,

publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement's principal organ, Mariano Ponce, the organization's secretary

and Marcelo H. del Pilar.

Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the 2.Spanish parliament;3.Secularization of the clergy;4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school system independent of the friars;6.Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products to the government).7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of association.8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service;9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human rights

FILIPINO REFORMIS

TS

Graciano López Jaena (December 18, 1856-January 20, 1896) was a journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero from Iloilo, the Philippines, who is well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López Jaena, along with Marcelo H. del Pilar and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists. Of these three ilustrados, López Jaena was the first to arrive in Spain and may have founded the genesis of the Propaganda Movement.

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda(June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino nationalist, writer and reformist. He is widely considered the greatest national

hero of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo and a number of

poems and essays. He was executed on December 30, 1896.

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel, was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was the second

and last editor of the La Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform Movement in Spain.

La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892..

The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose

primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by

Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night of July 7, when Filipino

writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

RIZAL WAS EXILED AT DAPITAN.

THEN WENT TO CUBA AND RETURNED AT

MANILA.

KATIPUNAN WAS DISCOVERED

 The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims a state of war in the 8 provinces that took up arms. The

provinces are Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and

Nueva Ecija.

 The Spaniards executed Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan (today's Rizal Park).

The Katipunan court finds the Bonifacios

guilty. They are sentenced to death.

The Malolos Congress or formally known as the "National Assembly" of representatives was the constituent

assembly of the First Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain Church in Malolos

City, Bulacan. It drafted the Malolos Constitution.

The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 sta.1754, was an agreement made in 1898 that resulted in Spain surrendering

control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The

cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the United States. The treaty was signed on December

10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American War. It came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the ratifications were exchanged.

SOURCE:GOOGLE

SUBMITTED BY:CHELSEA BASACA

SUBMITTED TO:MADAM MARY ANN INOC