fmam ciroza hepatica
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Ciroza hepatica
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Definitie• Histopatologic – dezvoltarea fibrozei hepatice
extensive pana la punctul in care apare
dezorganizare arhitecturala,
cu formarea
nodulilor de regenerare,
rezultand in
disfunctie hepatica.
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Etiologie• Alcoolism
• Hepatite – Hepatite cronice virale: VHB, VHC
– Hepatita autoimuna
–Steatohepatita nonalcoolica
• Bolile cailor biliare – ciroza biliara primitiva, colangita sclerozanta primitiva
• Ciroza cardiaca
• Medicamente
• Boli metabolice ereditare: hemocromatoza, b Wilson,
• Ciroza criptogenica
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Modificarile structurale hepatice
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Manifestari clinice• Uneori absente
• Simptome: anoreie, greata, varsaturi, diaree,durere vaga hipocondru drept, fatigabilitate,febra, icter, amenoree, infertilitate
• Semne: – stelute vasculare, eritem palmar, icter scleral,
– hipertrofie glande parotide si lacrimale,
– hepatosplenomegalie, ascita, edeme, – sangerari !" #varice$,
– encefalopatie hepatica,
– contractura %upu&tren,
– ginecomastie, atrofie testiculara
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'scita
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nvestigatii laborator
• 'nemie
#microcitara ( pierderi, macrocitara ( deficit acid folat)
hemolitica$
• *ancitopenie ( hipersplenism
• +ulburari de coagulare #tendinta hemoragica$
• Hipoalbuminemie
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!este diagnostice
• 'gHs, 'c anti(Hc, 'c anti(Hs, 'c anti(-H, 'c anti -H%
• 'uto'nticorpi in formele autoimune
• /cografie abdominala 0 %oppler, + 1 2M3
#ficat cirotic, splenomegalie, tromboze venoase$
• %iagnostic certitudine: biopsie hepatica#percutana 1 trans4ugulara 1 deschisa$
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Complicatii ciroza
Hipertensiune portala
-arice gastroesofagiene
'scita
Splenomegalie cu hipersplenism
*eritonita bacteriana spontana
nsuficienta renala
!ulburari hematologice
Encefalopatie hepatica 'nemie Hemoliza
+rombocitopenie
Malnutritie 3eutropenie
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Hipertensiunea portala
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Hipertensiunea portala
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Hipertensiunea portala
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per ens unea por a aVarice esofagiene
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Hipertensiune portala "Caput Medusae #b$
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Hipertensiunea portala " hemoroizi #c
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Hipertensiunea portala
• resterea presiunii venoase in sistemul port
• onsecinte:
– varice esofagiene cu hemoragie,
– ascita,
– hipersplenism, – encefalopatie hepatica,
– ancer hepatic
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Encefalopatia hepatica
• Mecanism: neurotoine
• %iferite grade de severitate : 5 #subclinica$
pana la gr 6 #coma$
• %iagnostic: de ecludere
– clinic,
– amoniac seric,
– //!,
– +12M3 cerebral
% & ' d i n c i r o t i c i
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!ratament ciroza hepatica
• Masuri specifice in functie de cauza
# daca este posibil$:
–interferon 0 agenti antivirali in -H, -H,
• %ietetic, suportiv 0 complicatii
• !ransplant hepatic
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!ratament ascita
• *aracenteza analize lichid: citologie, proteine,
albumina #(AA)$, 7%H, glucoza, culturi, rar
trigliceride, bilirubina
• 'ntibioterapie in caz de *S
• 2estrictie de sare
• %iuretice: furosemid, spironolactona
• 'lbumina
• +ransplant hepatic
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!ratament encefalopatia hepatica
• /vitare precipitanti #diuretice8, hipovolemia," 2enala, H%S, infectii, constipatie, +"*SS$
• 7actuloza
• 'ntibiotice – rifaimina #3ormi$
• 3u se mai recomanda restrictia proteica#beneficii 9, risc accentuare malnutritie$
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Varice esofagiene "
sangerare, ligaturare