ASM Turbocharger Model

dSPACE

dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models ASM

Turbocharger Model

NEW: Support for ASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package

20072

Automotive Simulation Model

Turbocharger Model

Real-Time Turbocharger Model

Key Features Open MATLAB/Simulink model

Real-time simulation and ofine simulation

Physical turbocharger model with calculation of shaft speed

Extension to gasoline and diesel engine models

Description Application AreasThe Turbocharger Model is an extension to the Diesel and Gasoline Engine Simulation Packages and provides a physical turbocharger model that can be congured for different types of turbo-chargers. It is fully integrated into the dSPACE tool chain and is typically used on a dSPACE Simulator for hardware-in-the-loop testing of electronic control units (ECUs) or during the design phase of controller algorithms for early validation by ofine simulation.

Key BenetsThe Turbocharger Model provides a more realistic model of turbocharger components and the en-gine air path than the map-based turbocharger model contained in the Diesel and Gasoline En-gine Simulation Packages. Unlike the map-based turbocharger, the Turbocharger Model calculates the turbine shaft speed, which is required by ECUs with turbine speed sensor. All Simulink blocks in the model are visible, so it is easy to add or replace components with customer models to adapt the turbocharger properties perfectly to individual projects.

Simulation Model CharacteristicsThe Turbocharger Model simulates an exhaust gas turbocharger that consists of a compres-sor, a turbine, and a turbocharger shaft. Turbo-chargers with variable turbine geometry (VTG) or wastegate can be simulated. The turbine model calculates the mass ow, the output tempera-ture, and the resulting power output according to wastegate or VTG position. The compressor and turbine are connected by a shaft, and the model provides the shaft speed.

Ofine and Online SimulationThe Turbocharger Model can be used in com-bination with real controllers in a hardware-in-the-loop environment (HIL or online mode). The model supports real-time code generation via Real-Time Workshop from The MathWorks and dSPACEs RTI for online simulation on a dSPACE real-time system.

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Turbocharger Model

Main Features and Benets

Feature Description Benet

Open Simulink model All model blocks are visible Customer models can easily be added or used to replace model components

ASMParameterization Model parameterization comprising calculation and visualization of parameters

Structured parameter handling and fast parameterization (p. 9)

Online simulation Real-time simulation on real-time hardware Hardware-in-the-loop simulations with ECUsOfine simulation Simulations as early as the design phase Controller validation in early development stagesASMSignalBus Simulation signals are part of a structured Simulink

signal bus Standardized and fast access to model variables

(p. 8)Online tunable parameters

Direct parameter access during real-time simulations Online parameter optimizations and behavior studies (p. 7)

Model interoperability ASM models are easy to combine to create a virtual vehicle

An entire virtual vehicle can be simulated (p. 10)

Order Information

Classication Type Order Number

Extension Model ASM Turbocharger Model ASM_L_TC

Relevant Hardware and Software

Hardware

Required Minimum system Pentium 3 processor, 800 MHz 512 MB RAM

Recommended system Pentium 4 processor, 1.4 GHz or higher Memory 1024 MB RAM

dSPACE Simulator, equipped with DS1005 or DS1006

Software for Online Simulation

Required Integrated development environment MATLAB/Simulink from The MathWorks

Real-Time Workshop

dSPACE implementation software Real-Time Interface (RTI) dSPACE experiment software ControlDeskdSPACE simulation software ASM Diesel Engine Simulation Package or

NEW: ASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package1)

Operating system Windows 2000, Windows XP (32-bit version only)Optional Other dSPACE ASM Packages

Software for Ofine Simulation

Required Integrated development environment MATLAB/Simulink from The MathWorksOperating system Windows 2000, Windows XP (32-bit version only)dSPACE simulation software ASM Diesel Engine Simulation Package or

NEW: ASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package1)

Optional Other dSPACE ASM Packages

1) The ASM Gasoline Engine Basic Simulation Package is not supported.

20074

Automotive Simulation Models

Turbocharger Model

Schematics of the turbocharger system.

Feature Overview Features at a Glance Air path simulation with the precision

of a physical model Extension to ASM Diesel Engine

Simulation Package and ASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package

Contains models for compressor, turbine, and turbocharger shaft

Wastegate valve and variable turbine geometry (VTG)

Turbine power and turbine output temperature

Temperature calculated according to isentropic efciency

Turbine mass ow and efciency in maps Compressor power and output

temperature

Compressor pressure ratio and efciency in maps

Ofine and online simulation Real-time-capable Easy to insert in ASM Diesel Engine

Simulation Package and ASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package

Modular, library-based implementation Easy variable access Fully integrated into dSPACE tool chain Online tunable parameters Comprehensive documentation with

complete formula listing

52007

Turbocharger Model

Turbocharger Model Turbocharger Model ConceptThe physical turbocharger model consists of a compressor, a turbine, and the turbocharger shaft. Turbochargers with VTG or wastegate can be simulated. The Turbocharger Model is an alternative to the map-based turbocharger that is included in the gasoline and diesel engine models. You can switch between the map-based and physical model.

Characteristics Alternative to map-based model Switching between the two models Wastegate valve and VTG Calculates the engines air path with the

precision of a physical model

TurbineIn the turbine, the energy of the exhaust gas is used to generate a torque on the turbocharger shaft. The model calculates the mass ow, the output temperature, and the resulting power output according to wastegate or VTG position. The turbine model considers variable turbine ge-ometry (VTG). Maps to calculate turbine mass ow and turbine efciency are implemented for different VTG positions. Interpolation is done between the VTG positions.

Characteristics Turbine power and turbine output

temperature Temperature calculated according to

isentropic efciency Turbine mass ow and efciency in maps Wastegate- or VTG-controlled VTG characteristics are considered by

turbine parameterization

Look-up table for Turbine efciency. Look-up table for Turbine mass ow.

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Automotive Simulation Models

Look-up table for Compressor pressure ratio.

Wastegate ValveTo protect the engine from critical speed and provide constant boost pressure for varying en-gine speeds, the turbocharger is controlled by an electronic control unit. In wastegate-controlled turbochargers, some exhaust gas bypasses the turbine through the wastegate valve. A model of the wastegate valve is provided.

Characteristics Mass ow through the wastegate valve is

calculated as a function of pressure ratio and wastegate control signal

Modeled as an isentropic adiabatic ow through an orice with a variable ow cross-section

Temperature changes are not considered

Turbocharger ShaftThe turbocharger shaft is the mechanical connec-tion between turbine and compressor. It transfers the torque from the turbine to the compressor. The model provides the shaft speed.

Characteristics Provides the shaft speed

CompressorPowered by the turbines torque, the compressor densies the air entering the engines combus-tion chamber. The model calculates the boost pressure and the temperature after compression, using the equations for compressor power and compressor output temperature.

Characteristics Compressor power and output

temperature Temperature calculated according to

isentropic efciency Compressor pressure ratio and efciency in

maps

Look-up table for Compressor efciency.

Turbocharger Model

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Turbocharger Model

Technical Aspects

Parameters Tunable Online Every parameter in the model is implemented as a single constant block and can be tuned dur-ing real-time simulation on a dSPACE Simulator. ControlDesk provides access to the parameters in online mode.

Signal and Parameter Management

The turbocharger Simulink model with the main components and signals.

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Automotive Simulation Models

Signal and Parameter Management

ASMSignalBusThe ASMSignalBus comprises the relevant sig-nals of all model components in a hierarchical structure. Signals for I/O access with an inter-

face board or for display with a Simulink Scope can be chosen conveniently via a Simulink Bus- Selector.

ASMSignalBus comprises all relevant signals and displays them in a clear structure.

92007

Turbocharger Model

ASMParameterizationThe parameterization of a model is a crucial task. The Turbocharger Model is parameterized individually, according to specic requirements. Parameterization is based on measurement data for compressor and turbine and parameters such as the inertia of the turbocharger shaft.The GUI-based tool supports the loading of en-gine test bench measurements from Excel for-mat, the mapping of measurements to model

variables including unit conversion, and auto-matic generation of look-up tables using several kinds of interpolation and extrapolation func-tions. These are open M-functions that you can modify as required. Last but not least, the tool provides structured access to model components and enables you to manage parameter sets for individual model congurations.

The user interface of the comprehensive parameterization tool.

Signal and Parameter Management

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Automotive Simulation Models

Concept Model Design PhilosophyFor optimum support of customer-specic re-quirements dSPACE has chosen an open model concept. This means that models are visible to users right down to the level of standard Simulink blocks. Thus the dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models provide enormous exibility for projects that require dedicated simulation models. The open model approach allows perfect adaptation to individual projects and requirements. This can be achieved by modifying models or by replacing or adding components.

Virtual VehicledSPACE Automotive Simulation Models are a col-lection of well coordinated models that you can easily combine to build anything from extended models to a whole virtual vehicle. As well as gasoline and diesel engines, there are models for vehicle dynamics and brake hydraulics. Combined models interoperate in one simulation.

Several ASM packages can be combined to make a virtual car.

ASM Philosophy

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