artificial insemination

Heather Borgia

Cal Poly San Luis Obispo , CACompilation: AECD, California || For more Veterinary stuff visit http://www.techyvety.com

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•Arab Chieftains - Stole semen to breed mares Ivanov (Russia) 1900 -

- Developed methods as we know today

- Most work was with horses but did some cattle and

pig work First US AI Cooperative - 1937 Dairy cooperatives merge and form large companies that dominate cattle AI industry - 1960’s to present All turkey’s bred AI - 1960’s to present Expansion of swine and horse AI - 1990’s

Compilation: AECD, California || For more Veterinary stuff visit http://www.techyvety.com

Genetic improvement of livestock Disease control mechanism Possible to increase fertility Decrease breeding expense


Current Status of US Industry

Dairy Cattle - 7 million (50%)

Beef Cattle - 1.3 million (3%)

Swine - 20 - 30%

Turkey - 100%

Horses - Increasing rapidly


Genetic Improvement

Wide spread availability of genetically superior sires

Disease Control

Injured studs available

More valid stud proofs

Reduced danger from studs

Cost - relatively cheap


http://www.jsrgenetics.com/boars.asp

Estrus detection must be good

Handle and care for semen

Record Keeping

Time involved - Restraining and inseminating cow

Training required to handle semen and breed cow


Semen Collection•Sexual arousal using Sight, sound, smell, touch •Best mount - Live •Alternative mount - dummies available for:

Stallions

Boars

Bulls


Electro-ejaculationUseful if male won’t or can’t mount Get urine often Poorer quality ejaculate Used in rams and beef bulls

Massage MethodStimulate by rectal massage Seminal vesicles Vas deferens


Artificial Vagina•Temperature •Bull, stallion, ram at 45°C •Pressure •Friction •Lubrication essential


Extenders include:Nutrients Glucose, fructose

Cold shock prevention Buffer

Milk, skim-milk, egg yolk Citrate, Tris

The buffer component Antibiotics

Inhibit bacterial growth Increase volume

Cryoprotectant glycerol


•After collected and extended, semen is put into a semen straw.

•That straw is placed into a Liquid Nitrogen Tank.

•Each tank contains a Cane, which consists of Goblets containing the semen straws themselves.

•Make sure that the correct procedure forfreezing semen in a liquidnitrogen is followed.


Use the procedures recommended by the semen supplier!!! 35°C water for 30 - 60 seconds Ice water for 3 minutes Pocket thawBe very careful when removing straw from Nitrogen Tank

Thawing


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Time of insemination Cow - 12 hours after observed in standing heat (AM - PM rule) Sow - 24 and 36 hours after first seen in estrus Gilt - 12 and 24 hours after first seen in estrus Sheep -12 to 18 hours after first seen in estrus Horses -Every second day beginning on day 3 of heat

Insemination Protocol•Rectal/ Vaginal

•Vaginal

Once you have collected the semen and detected estrus of the female, you can begin to inseminate.Compilation: AECD, California || For more Veterinary stuff visit http://www.techyvety.com

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Pipette with syringe

Lube

Semen Straw

Gloves (Arms Length)


http://www.ag-link.com/Products/Prod_InseminationGloveFrE.htm

• Begin by restraining the animal. This will protect the animal and the technician during the procedure.

STEP 1:











•The inseminator places their arm into the females rectum, using plenty of lubrication, and removes all feces. This will allow the inseminator to palpate for the cervix more easily.

STEP 2:










•Once the inseminator has located the cervix they will hold it in their hand.•Using their free hand the inseminator will obtain the syringe with a plastic sheath (pipette) already prepared with a straw of semen.

STEP 3 & 4:


Carefully inserting the syringe with semen, being sure not to contaminate it with feces or other contaminates, the inseminator will insert the syringe into the females vagina. They will continue to pass the syringe until they can pass it through to the end of the cervix.

STEP 5:


Once the end of the cervix is reached, the plunger on the syringe can be depressed allowing the semen to be deposited directly into the uterus of the female. The Sperm will then hopefully reach and fertilize the egg resulting in conception, and eventually a fetus.

STEP 6:


The procedure in sows is slightly different from that used in Cows and Mares. There is no rectal palpation necessary in sows, only passing a pipette into the vagina. Once passed, a bottle of extended semen is placed at the end of the pipette. No pressure is needed on the bottle, the sows reproductive track will complete the procedure. The bottle of extended semen does need to be protected from the light and temperature changes to protect the sperm.

What about Pigs?


Factors Effecting Conception RateTime of insemination# of sperm inseminated Fertility of males Skill of inseminator


If all goes well, the female animal becomes pregnant and carries the baby to term. Then once the baby is born it

will be the result of a successful Artificial Insemination procedure.


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artificial insemination

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