Artificial Artificial InseminationInsemination

By- ELUFER AKRAMBy- ELUFER AKRAM

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ContentsContents

What is Artificial Insemination?What is Artificial Insemination? History of AI.History of AI. Why use AI?Why use AI? Advantages of AI.Advantages of AI. Disadvantages of AI.Disadvantages of AI. How does AI work?How does AI work? Nine Months Later.Nine Months Later. Summary.Summary.

What is Artificial What is Artificial Insemination?Insemination? Artificial insemination (A. I.) is the Artificial insemination (A. I.) is the

process by which sperm are collected process by which sperm are collected from a male of a species, processed, from a male of a species, processed, stored, and then artificially stored, and then artificially introduced into the reproductive tract introduced into the reproductive tract of a female of that same species for of a female of that same species for the purpose of conception.the purpose of conception.

Basically it makes babies without Basically it makes babies without sex.sex.

Cont’d…Cont’d…

Artificial insemination is an important technique for improving the genetic quality of domesticated animals.

It has been widely used in dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, swine, horses, birds, and dogs throughout the world.

History of AIHistory of AI

AI dates back to 1322 AD where AI dates back to 1322 AD where Arabian horses were artificially Arabian horses were artificially inseminated. inseminated.

1780 notes the first successful AI 1780 notes the first successful AI of dogs. of dogs.

1899 AI is used in birds, cattle, 1899 AI is used in birds, cattle, horses and sheep. horses and sheep.

Cont’d…Cont’d…

In 1780, Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian physiologist, was the first to record the successful use of AI in his work with dogs and is considered the inventor of AI.

Photo courtesy of Wikipedia.

Ivanoff of Russia pioneered AI research in birds, horses, cattle, and sheep in 1899.

He was the first to successfully inseminate cattle artificially.

Why use AI?Why use AI? AI is the cheapest and easiest way AI is the cheapest and easiest way

to get sperm from the bull you to get sperm from the bull you want to your farm.want to your farm.

Today in the United States, AI is Today in the United States, AI is used extensively in many livestock used extensively in many livestock species.species.

It has been most widely used for It has been most widely used for breeding dairy cattle and research breeding dairy cattle and research indicates that more than 65% of all indicates that more than 65% of all dairy cattle are bred artificially.dairy cattle are bred artificially.

AI has made bulls of high genetic AI has made bulls of high genetic merit available to all.merit available to all.

Advantages of AIAdvantages of AI

AI prevents the spread of AI prevents the spread of dangerous sexually transmitted dangerous sexually transmitted infections.infections.

Better Health Protection – AI Better Health Protection – AI stops reproductive problems in stops reproductive problems in individual females are more easily individual females are more easily detected, and the infertile males detected, and the infertile males can be detected at an earlier age.can be detected at an earlier age.

Advantages Cont’dAdvantages Cont’d

AI makes development of large AI makes development of large numbers of animals within a numbers of animals within a superior family possible, thus superior family possible, thus providing uniformity and a better providing uniformity and a better basis for a constructive breeding basis for a constructive breeding program.program.

Advantages Cont’dAdvantages Cont’d

With AI we can easily find out if a With AI we can easily find out if a bull is infertile (can’t make bull is infertile (can’t make babies).babies).

Old or crippled bulls who may not Old or crippled bulls who may not be able to mate properly can be able to mate properly can donate sperm.donate sperm.

Disadvantages of AIDisadvantages of AI

Humans have to detect when the Humans have to detect when the cow is in heat because the sperm cow is in heat because the sperm must be injected at precisely the must be injected at precisely the right time.right time.

The sperm can be injected The sperm can be injected incorrectly resulting in no incorrectly resulting in no fertilization.fertilization.

Requires a Skilled Technician – Requires a Skilled Technician – proper training and experience are proper training and experience are essential to be successful with AI.essential to be successful with AI.

How does AI work?How does AI work?

Step 1: Collection of semen.Step 1: Collection of semen.

To induce arousal of the bull, a To induce arousal of the bull, a “Teaser "cow is set up. The bull “Teaser "cow is set up. The bull mounts the fake cow and releases mounts the fake cow and releases sperm into a tube that leads to a sperm into a tube that leads to a bottle. bottle.

How does AI work How does AI work cont’dcont’d

Step 2 :Semen Extension.Step 2 :Semen Extension.

Once the semen is collected, Once the semen is collected, water is added to it. This dilutes water is added to it. This dilutes the semen and allows more the semen and allows more bottles to be made from 1 bottles to be made from 1 ejaculation.ejaculation.

Antibiotics are added to ensure no Antibiotics are added to ensure no infections occur in the semen.infections occur in the semen.

How does AI work How does AI work cont’dcont’d

Step 3: Semen Storage.Step 3: Semen Storage.

The semen is frozen and stored for The semen is frozen and stored for up to 16 years. Although most of it is up to 16 years. Although most of it is used much sooner than that.used much sooner than that.

How does AI work How does AI work cont’dcont’d

Step 4: Inseminating the Cow.Step 4: Inseminating the Cow.

When the timing is right, a When the timing is right, a veterinarian or AI specialist will veterinarian or AI specialist will inject the sperm into the vagina of inject the sperm into the vagina of the cow and push it into the uterus. the cow and push it into the uterus.

Nine Months Later…Nine Months Later…

Once the sperm has been injected the Once the sperm has been injected the chances of fertilization are good. Then chances of fertilization are good. Then an embryo will be developed and an embryo will be developed and after nine months later a calf will be after nine months later a calf will be born.born.

SummarySummary

AI is one of the most important AI is one of the most important techniques used for improving the techniques used for improving the genetic quality of domesticated genetic quality of domesticated animals.animals.

It is a popular technique used by It is a popular technique used by animal producers, especially with animal producers, especially with dairy cattle.dairy cattle.

SOURCESSOURCES

books.google.combooks.google.com WikipediaWikipedia Artificial Insemination and Animal Artificial Insemination and Animal

Production (J.D. Sampath Production (J.D. Sampath Kumaran)Kumaran)

THE ENDTHE END

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