5.artificial insemination

8/19/2019 5.Artificial Insemination

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But This…Not This…


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•Artifcial Insemination

•Documents rom around 1322 A.D. state that an Arab

chie wanted to mate his mare to a stallion owned b hisri!al.

• Then in 1"#$% &'allan(ani successull bred two do)swith the use o A.I. *eadin) to him bein) named the

in!entor o artifcial insemination.• The mass breedin) o cattle howe!er didn+t come untillater% in 1,31. B an A.I. -oo'eration in Denmar.


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Most Animals May be Inseminated

• Cattle

• Horses

• Swine

• Sheep

• Goats

• Poultry• Dogs

• Panda Bears

• Rhinos

• lephants

• !iller "hales

• Chimps

• #lamas• Humans

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•The greatest advantage of Artificial Insemination isThe greatest advantage of Artificial Insemination is

that it increases the maximum use of superior sires.that it increases the maximum use of superior sires.

•

Can breed more than one female per collectionCan breed more than one female per collection

•The semen being used can be tested for disease andThe semen being used can be tested for disease and

genetic defects.genetic defects.

•

AI can be used when there are health or structure AI can be used when there are health or structureproblems in male or female.problems in male or female.

•Can use deceased siresCan use deceased sires

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•Timing is critical.

•Technical knowledge is required.


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There are several ways to collect semen.There are several ways to collect semen.

Although the use of an artificial vagina is most common. Although the use of an artificial vagina is most common.

The artificial vagina is made of a firm cylindrical tubeThe artificial vagina is made of a firm cylindrical tubethat has a thin-walled rubber lining.that has a thin-walled rubber lining.

•irst the bull is allowed to mount a teaser cow orirst the bull is allowed to mount a teaser cow or

mounting dummy mounting dummy •Then as the bull ejaculates , the penis is directed into theThen as the bull ejaculates , the penis is directed into the

artificial vagina, where the semen is captured.artificial vagina, where the semen is captured.


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Semen Colle$tion


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Methods o%

Semen Colle$tion&'Mounting dummy'

(Boars) bulls) stallions) rams*

+' Digital manipulation

,' le$troe-a$ulation


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Semen Analysis

• &'erm concentration/ .otal sperm isdetermined by multiplying $on$entration (sperm

per ml* by e-a$ulate /olume (ml*'

• &'erm motilit 0 the per$entage o% spermthat are progressi/ely motile' A progressi/elymotile sperm swims bris1ly %orward in a relati/elystraight line'

• &'erm mor'holo) 0 the per$entage o%

sperm with normal shape and si2e is determined'


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3ormal Sperm


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Boar Semen


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Abnormal Sperm


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Class ml/ejaculate Sperm Conc No. Females

Bull 5-6 800-1,200 300-500

Ram 1 800-,000 0-100

Boar 200-300 25-1,000 15-25

Stall!on 50-150 30-800 8-12


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Semen /aluation 4 5isual Appraisal

• Color /aries %rom yellowish to a light $ream

• Semen %rom most spe$ies is homogeneous in

$onsisten$y) the presen$e o% %la1es or $lumps

usually indi$ates in%lammation'


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Hema$ytometers

• Can be used to $ount blood $ells and

spermato2oa'

• A hema$ytometer has two $hambers andea$h $hamber has a mi$ros$opi$ grid et$hed

on the glass sur%a$e


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!xtending "or diluting# the semen increases the number offemales that can be inseminated from one e$aculation.

There are several good semen extenders. Those made fromegg yolk or pasteuri%ed& homogeni%ed milk are two of the

most widely used. A good extender not only adds volume tothe e$aculate& but favors sperm survival and longevity.

'ilution rate depends on quality of sperm..

Antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin are added tosemen extenders to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce thespread of diseases


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(emen can be fro%en and stored for indefinite(emen can be fro%en and stored for indefiniteperiods.periods.

)ritish scientists discovered that addition of)ritish scientists discovered that addition of

glycerol to the semen extender improvedglycerol to the semen extender improvedresistance of sperm to free%ing& in *+,+.resistance of sperm to free%ing& in *+,+.

lycerol removes water from the sperm beforelycerol removes water from the sperm before

free%ing. It also prevents the ice crystals fromfree%ing. It also prevents the ice crystals fromdamaging the sperm.damaging the sperm.


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•Dry ice and alcohol (-100 degrees F)Dry ice and alcohol (-100 degrees F)

•Fertility declines gradually Fertility declines gradually

•Liquid nitrogen (-320 degrees F )Liquid nitrogen (-320 degrees F )

•No deterioration with age.No deterioration with age.

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Swine Semen Bottles and Pipettes


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Sperm .ransport

• sperm $an tra/el to the o/idu$ts in a %ewminutes) whi$h is too %ast to be e6plained

by sperm motility'

• sperm transport is largely a result o% uterine$ontra$tions) and mu$osal te6ture

• In most spe$ies) the uterus is hostile tosperm'

• sperm may remain in the uterus %or se/eraldays) but %ertility rapidly de$lines'

• Poultry are an e6$eption) in $hi$1ens)sperm $an li/e &0+ wee1s'


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gg Stru$ture


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7ertili2ation


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7ertili2ation

• 8ne sperm only will

%ertili2e the egg'

• "hen that sperm $ell

penetrates the 2ona

pellu$ida) it hardens to

prohibit additional sperm

%rom penetrating the egg


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