Chapter 40Chapter 40

The Immune System and DiseaseBy Tom Yao

The Immune System and DiseaseBy Tom Yao

DiseaseDisease

A disease is change that disrupts body functions other than injury

All diseases are caused by germs

Vectors are organisms that carry diseases

A disease is change that disrupts body functions other than injury

All diseases are caused by germs

Vectors are organisms that carry diseases

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

A electron colored virus

Non-specific DefensesNon-specific Defenses

Skin repels germs from entering, along with hair, mucus, and tears

Interferon- a protein that inhibits protein synthesis and viral reproduction

Inflammatory Response-The body’s reacting to an injury

Skin repels germs from entering, along with hair, mucus, and tears

Interferon- a protein that inhibits protein synthesis and viral reproduction

Inflammatory Response-The body’s reacting to an injury

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

A cell nucleus infected by an unidentified disease

Disease Specific DefensesDisease Specific Defenses

Antigen- A maker which identifies a cell

Antibody- A protein that helps destroy pathogens by clumping them

Antibiotic- A chemical that targets one disease

Antigen- A maker which identifies a cell

Antibody- A protein that helps destroy pathogens by clumping them

Antibiotic- A chemical that targets one disease

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

An antibody

Immunity TypesImmunity Types Humoral Immunity-

Immunity against disease in body fluids

Cell Mediated Immunity- When Killer T-cells attack a virus in the body

Permanent Immunity-B-cells and T-cells remember a virus and attack on sight

Active Immunity- Receiving a vaccine

Humoral Immunity-Immunity against disease in body fluids

Cell Mediated Immunity- When Killer T-cells attack a virus in the body

Permanent Immunity-B-cells and T-cells remember a virus and attack on sight

Active Immunity- Receiving a vaccine

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

A white blood cell that produces antibodies

AllergiesAllergies

Allergies- Antigens binding to mast cells

Histamines- A protein which increases blood flow to an area

Antihistamines- A chemical that counteracts Histamines

Allergies- Antigens binding to mast cells

Histamines- A protein which increases blood flow to an area

Antihistamines- A chemical that counteracts Histamines

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

A mast cell

Autoimmune DiseaseAutoimmune Disease

Autoimmune Disease- When the body attacks it’s own cells

The body’s failure to distinguish between body cells and pathogens

Autoimmune Disease- When the body attacks it’s own cells

The body’s failure to distinguish between body cells and pathogens

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Streptococcus Bacteria

AIDS/HIVAIDS/HIV

HIV cell attaches to Helper T-cell

Viral RNA becomes viral DNA

Viral DNA becomes part of body DNA

Viral DNA changes into two strands of RNA

Both strands go to help make new HIV cell

HIV cell attaches to Helper T-cell

Viral RNA becomes viral DNA

Viral DNA becomes part of body DNA

Viral DNA changes into two strands of RNA

Both strands go to help make new HIV cell

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

An HIV Virus

CancerCancer

Cancer- Uncontrollable division of cells

Tumor- Mass of cancerous cells

Malignant- A tumor that spreads

Metastasis- The spread of cancerous tumors

Cancer- Uncontrollable division of cells

Tumor- Mass of cancerous cells

Malignant- A tumor that spreads

Metastasis- The spread of cancerous tumors

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Dividing Cancer Cell

Fighting CancerFighting Cancer

Surgery- Using tools to physically remove a tumor

Radiation- Using radiation to kill cells in an area

Drug- Chemicals that will kill the cells

Surgery- Using tools to physically remove a tumor

Radiation- Using radiation to kill cells in an area

Drug- Chemicals that will kill the cells

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Brain Cancer Cells