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;dosf] ult Psgf;sf] x'G5, dfG5]sf] ult eg] ;w}+ Psgf;sf] x'Fb}g . slxn] l56f], slxn] ;':t . o;/ L cl3 a9\5 dfG5]sf] ult . ;dosf]] ultnfO{ ks8\g vf]Hg] k|of; eg] eO/ xG5 . tL lbg To:t} lyP . nfUYof] ;dosf] ult gfKg] dfq xf]Og, lhTg ;lsG5 eGg]

e|d gePsf] xf]Og . slt lhltof], slt xfl/ of], To;sf] n]vfhf]vf ug{] ;do ;fob ePsf] 5}g . s'/ f tL lbgsf x'Fb} lyP, hlta]nf u|fdL0f kl/ j]z l5rf]Nb} gf} 8fF8f sf6]/ ;dy/ e"efu emg'{ lyof] . Psbd la/ fgf] nfUg] Tof] e"efudf kfOnf 6]Sbf s'g} gofF …b]zÚdf k'u]h:tf] .

x'g t Tof] e"ld cfˆg} lyof] . t/ la/ fgf] nflu/ x]sf] lsg < dgdf o:tf k|Zg gp7]sf xf]Ogg\ . kl/ j]z gofF lyof] . e"uf]n gofF lyof] . kfqx? gofF lyP . ;a} gofF–gofF nfUg] . stf–stf cfkm" klg gofFh:tf] . gofF b]zsf] gofF ofqL h:tf] . pRr lzIffsf] gofF ofqf lyof] Tof] . Tof] b]zleqsf] gofF b]z lyof] . Tof] b]zsf] ljZjljBfnodf kfOnf / fv]sf] lbg dgdf c+s'/ 0f ePsf ljrf/ x? dxfg nfUYof] . dxfg eP ePgg\, v'6\ofpg ;Sg] cj:yf clxn] klg 5}g . To;a]nf ?s'd Pp6f glrlgPsf] e"uf]n h:tf] lyof] . hxfF ul/ aL, clzIff, c;dfgtfn] u|:t kf/ ]sf] lyof] .

la/ fgf] e"uf]nsf] kfOnf d]/ f nflu gf}nf] lyof] . cfdfn] agfOlbPsf] / f]6L emf]nfdf / vNtLdf tLg xhf/ af]s]/ cfFvfdf cfzfsf ls/ 0f lnP/ cf]n]{sf] lyPF d– bfª . d;Fu Pp6f emf]nfafx]s s]xL lyPg ef}lts j:t' . lyof] t s]jn cfzf / ljZjf;sf] dxf;fu/ . h;n] dnfO{ tfg]/ NofOk'¥ofPsf] lyof]– bfªsf] dx]Gb| SofDk;df .

To;a]nf s;n] kTofpg] kxf8af6 em/ ]sf, ;/ sf/ L :s"n k9]sf gjcfuGt's ljBfyL{nfO{ . g / xg;xg ldNg], g af]nLefiff, g p7a; g} . e]8f e]8flt/ , afv|f afv|flt/ eg]h:tf] kxf8lt/ sf Ps 7fpF, ;x/ ahf/ sf Ps 7fpF x'g' :jefljs lyof] . ch+usf] ?kdf plePsf] ;Ldf/ ]vf tf]8\g ch+usf] kxf8 r9]h:t} lyof] . kxf8L ;+:s[ltdf x's]{sfx?sf nflu w}o{ eP/ df}g ;+3if{ ug'{sf] ljsNk lyPg . Pshgf ?s'daf6 SofDk; k9\g em/ ]sL 5fqfn] :s6{ nufP/ SofDk; hfFbf xfF;sf] ayfgdf as'Nnf] ePsf] dnfO{ clxn] klg cfFvf cufl8 emnemnL ofb cfpF5 . xfn :s6{ nufpg]x? a9\g yfn]sf 5g\ . cflv/ k9\g' g} lyof], gk9L ;'v} lyPg . ToxL+ r]tgf af]s]/ em/ ]sf lyof}+ .

;dosf] / ̂tf/ ;Fu aUg' g} lyof] . vNtL l/ Qf] x'Fbf ;fx'hLn] pwf/ f] glbbf ef]u]sf b'Mv, kL8f xfn ;'vb ;Demgfsf] ?kdf 5g\ . sfkL, snd / lstfa pwf/ f] lng vf;} ;d:of lyPg . k|ult k':ts ;bgsf bfO …dw';"bg j}B–lhGbfjfb ÛÚ

/ f]Nkfaf6 em/ ]sf ;fyL gjLg laef;n] efhLsf] ;fudf emf]n xfn]/ 8]SrLel/ ksfPsf] :jfb clxn] klg lha|f]n] la;]{sf] 5}g . cfhef]ln pgn] lgDtf] ubf{ ToxL+ elgG5, …emf]n xfn]sf] efhL -sf7df8f+}df / fof]_sf] ;fu ksfpg" x} .Ú t/ pgn] cfhef]ln dl/ uP emf]n xfn]sf] efhLsf] ;fusf] t/ sf/ L ksfpb}gg\ .

;do hah{:t 3f]/ fxLsf] df6f];Fu kl/ lrt u/ fpFb} lyof] . jftfj/ 0f cln v's'nf] aGb} lyof] . / em]gfdf ;'zLn uf}td ;/ sf] 3/ df 8]/ f ga;]sf] eP ;fob stf kf] k''luGYof] xf]nf . Tof] 8]/ f 3/ sf] k|efj / jftfj/ 0fn] cIf/ sf] v]tL u/ ]/ vfg l;sfof] . ;'zLn ;/ sf] slxn]sfxL+ cfj]u / slxn] efjgfdf klg ulx/ f] dfof n's]sf] x'GYof] . Tof] dfof ;fob lhGbuLdf slxn} la;{g ;lsb}g xf]nf . h;/ L cfktsf] a]nf cf]tdfq xf]Og, hflu/ lbP/ lxDdt / ;fx; lbg'eof] . ltg} sbddf clnslt sbd yk]/ sf7df8f}+df tfn ldnfpg ;lsPsf] 5 . To;a]nf k|]/ 0ffsf] ;|f]t gf/ fo0f u'?, k|tfk ;/ , cd/ lu/ Lnufot klg x'g'x'G5 .

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tL lbgnfO{ clxn] klg ;nfd ug{ dg nfU5 . h;n] cefjsf] a]nf ;+3if{ ug{ l;sfP . ;lhnf] ePsf] a]nf ;xh x'g] agfof] . cflv/ lhGbuL ;'v / b'Mvsf] ldng g / x]5 . b'MvnfO{ ;'vdf abNg' klg hLjgsf] snf / x]5 . lbdfudf s;n] xflNbof] yfxf 5}g, …b'Mvdf afFRg l;s, afFsL s'/ f ldNb} hfG5 .Ú tL 3f]/ fxLsf lbg To:t} lyP . k|fKt pknlAwsf] / Iff ub}{ cl3 a9\g] gLlt lnPsf / x]5f}+ To;a]nf . Ps lbgsf] af6f] lx8]/ ;/ sf/ L a}+saf6 8«fˆ6 u/ L k7fPsf] ?k}ofF dlxgf lbgkl5 xft kbf{ v'zLsf] ;Ldf g} x'Gy]g . clxn] eP ldg]6df vNtLdf kYof]{ xf]nf k7fPsf] k};f . ;do–;dosf] aft xf]nf Tof] klg . ;don] aLP bf];|f] jif{ k'Ug] a]nf cfˆg} v'§fdf pleg l;sfof] . ls;fg afafnfO{ / fxt ef], 5f]/ f] cfkm} k9\g ;Sg] eof] .

dx]Gb| SofDk; k9\g] a]nfdf sljtf n]Vg] e"t rNof] Û To;a]nfsf sljtf s] dgdf h] cfof] ToxL n]Vy] . dgdf nfu]sf s'/ f sljtfsf] kmDof{6df n]lvGYof] . t}klg hf]; crfSnL . sljtf gfdsf] cg'R5]b n]v]/ ;'gfOxfNg] jf sf7df8f}+sf ;fKtflxs klqsfdf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg] lgoldt lbgrof{ lyof] . sf7df08f}+sf ;Dkfbsx? x}/ fg x'Gy] xf]nf . 5flkg' 5}g, t}klg x/ ]s ;ftf k7fO/ xg] hfFu/ s:tf] xf]nf <

cfhef]ln sf7df8f}+df tL ;Dkfbs;Fu slxn]sfxL+ e]6 x'G5 . To;a]nf v'a sljtf n]Vg'x'GYof], clxn] n]Vg'x'Gg < d]/ f] hjfkm x'G5, …To;a]nf sljtf n]lvGYof], 5flkb}gYof], clxn] sljtf n]lvGg, 5fKg] 7fpF w]/ } 5 .Ú of] klg ;dosf] v]n xf] . slxn]sfxL+ gjLg laef; pkm{ ls/ 0f k'g / xfdL 7§f u5f}{+, …xfdL cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] rlr{t slj xf}+ .Ú clxn] slj / sljtfsf] s'/ f x'Fbf uj{;fy rf/ hgf ldn]/ …df};dsf x/ kmx?Ú gfds ;+o'Qm sljtf ;+u|xsf] rrf{ ug{ kl5 kb}{gf}+ . cflv/ sljtfsf] gfddf b]vfpg] ;+u|x ToxL xf] . 6Lsf/ fd pbf;L, gjLg ljef;, pbo hLPd / d ldn]/ …axfb'/ LÚsf ;fy Tof] ;+u|x k|sflzt u/ ]sf lyof}+ . / fKtL ckm;]6 k|];df 5fk]sf] k};f r'Qmf ug{ ;fob cem}+ s]xL / sd afFsL xf]nf . afFsL eP klg Tof] ldgfxf eO;Sof] xf]nf .

kqsf/ s;/ L aGg'eof] < of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg dnfO{ s'g} ufx|f] 5}g . lsgls d k9]/ jf tflnd u/ ]/ kqsfl/ tfdf nfu]sf] xf]Og . 3f]/ fxL embf{ dnfO{ kqsfl/ tsf] …kÚ klg yfxf lyPg . ;don] dflg;nfO{ kl/ aGbdf o;/ L kf5{ ls To;n] slxn] ;xL af6f]lt/ nfG5, slxn] unt . ;z:q åGå rs]{sf] a]nf lyof] . Ps ;fFem ;'zLn ;/ sf] 3/ sf] a}7s sf]7fsf] b[Zo emnemnL ofb cfpF5 . …dnfO{ 3/ af6 k};f cfpg] cj:yf 5}g, o'4 rs]{sf] 5, 3/ hfg ;lsb}g . oxfF a;]/ k9\g] s]xL pkfo 5 ls ;/ <Ú d]/ f] s'/ f ;'g]/ ;'zLn ;/ efj's x'g'eof] . Psl5g ;f]r]/ eGg'eof], …ef]lnb]lv ufpF3/ ;fKtflxsdf cfpg'xf]nf .Ú

d}n] hflu/ g} kfPF eGg] Plsg lyPg . csf]{ lbg ufpF3/ sf] sfof{nodf uPF . ToxfF s;}nfO{ yfxf / x]g5 . a]n'sf ufpF3/ sf] af]8{ a}7sn] dnfO{ hflu/ lbg] lg0f{o u/ ]5 . d]/ f] hLjgnfO{ df]8 lbPsf] 36gf oxL xf] . d kqsfl/ tfdf Jofj;flos ?kdf nfu]sf] 36gf klg oxL xf] . ;'zLn ;/ sf] 3/ df 8]/ f gePsf] eP d s] x'Gy]+, s]xL 6'+uf] lyPg . ;fob, clxn] s'g} pRr dfljsf]] x]8df:6/ x'Gy]+ ls <

d}n] To;a]nf hflu/ xf]Og, ;fob hLjg kfPsf] lyPF ls < d eGg ;lSbgF . clxn] klg d ufpF3/ klqsfsf] w/ ftndf 6]s]/ lxl8/ x]sf] 5' . ha d Go'h?ddf a:5', tL lbg ;DemG5' . clxn]sf] Go'h?d eJo 5, To;a]nfsf] Go'h?d ;fgf] lyof] t/ To;df dhf a]Un} lyof] .

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clxn] klg ?s'ddf a:g] d]/ f &) jif{ gf3]sf afnfO{ 5f]/ fn] s] sfd u5{ eGg] vf; hfgsf/ L 5}g . @)%$÷)%% lt/ emg\ d]/ f] kqsfl/ tfaf/ ] d]/ f afnfO{ s'g r/ Lsf] gfd xf] yfxf x'g] s'/ } ePg . tL lbgdf d]/ f af v'zLrflx+ lyP . lsgls 5f]/ fn] ;x/ df hflu/ kfof], k};f k7fpg' kb}{g . a"9f ukm nfpb} lx8] klg xf]nfg\ 5f]/ fn] hflu/ kfof] eg]/ .

tL lbgdf ;'v b'Mvdf ;Fu} x'GYof}+, 3f]/ fxL gofFahf/ df k;n ul/ a:g] gjLg ljef; -slxn]sfxL+ kfOG6 pwf/ f] lbGy]_, lrofsf kf/ vL pbo hLPd, hfh/ sf]6sf ;fyL u'dfgl;+x / fgf -o'4df dfl/ P_ cflb . sljtf n]Vg yfn]kl5 gjLg, pbo, 6Lsf/ fd pbf;L, vDa' rGb, zzL/ fd cf]nL uf]i7Llt/ bf}8]sf] clxn] klg ofb 5 . cu|h ;flxTosf/ x?sf] gfd lng cfjZos ePg . lsgls pxfFx?n] xfdLnfO{ vf;} jf:tf ug'{x'GgYof] .

xhf/ f}+ dfOnsf] ofqf klg cflv/ Ps kfOnfaf6 ;'? x'G5 . clxn] klg …e"tk"j{ rlr{tÚ ;flxTosf/ df bl/ Psf ;fyLx? ;Fu} 5f}+ . ofqf hf/ L 5, of] ofqf sxfF k'U5, 7]ufg 5}g . tL lbgdf rfn]sf kfOnf clxn] klg cfwf/ :tDe x'g\ . ltgnfO{ rfx]/ klg la;{g ;lsb}g .

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of] s:tf] lj8Dagf xf] jt{dfg hLjgsf] cyjf jt{dfg hLjgz}nLsf] Û d olta]nf s]xL ;do PsfGtef]u ub}{5', ;fob s]xL lrGtg ug]{ dgzfon] PsfGt / f]Hb}5' s]xLa]/ .

of] PsfGt ;dosf] k|flKt klg Pp6f ;'vb\ cj;/ cyjf Pp6f / fd|f] pknlAw g} xf] ls h:tf] 7fGg'kg]{ cfˆg} hLjgz}nL ;Dembf pb]s klg nfU5 slxn]sfxL+ t . hah{:t lgsfn]sf] km';{bsf] of] lrGtg cfjfh klg s:tf] xf]nf < d cfkm} g} cndn–cndn cg'e"ltleq 5' oltv]/ .

cfhef]ln w]/ }sf] cfjfhdf w]/ } z}nLx?df JoQm ePsf] ;'G5'– pGd'lQm cyjf :jtGqtf Û klxn]b]lv g} kl9of] / clxn] klg kfP;Dd k9\5', w]/ } / rgfdf pGd'lQm cyjf :jtGqtf Û t/ stf–stf of] zAbsf] dd{ / cy{ g} ljs[t ePsf] kf] xf] ls < st} oL ul/ dfdo zAbsf] cfofdnfO{ hah{:t la;8\ut agfOPsf] kf] xf] ls eGg] klg nfU5 slxn]sfxL+ . ljZjk|l;4 bfz{lgs lhg Hofs ?;f]n] s'g} ;do eg]sf lyP, …dflg; :jtGq hGdG5 t/ hlGdPkl5 p;n] cfkm"nfO{ rf/ }lt/ aGwgn] afFlwPsf] cj:yfdf kfpF5 .Ú pgL lyP k|s[ltjfbL bfz{lgs / rfxGy] dflg;sf] k|fs[lts / :jtGq hLjgz}nL . t/ k|Zg afFsL g} 5, Pp6f cg'Ql/ t oIf k|Zg– s] xfdL km]l/ pgn] rfx]em}+ k|fs[lts hLjgz}nLdf kms{g ;S5f}+ < s] xfdL rfx]/ klg km'Ssdkmfn k|s[ltdf / dfpg ;S5f}+ < Pp6f c;Dej sNkgf xf] of] ;fob xfd|f nflu . lsgls jt{dfg ;dfhsf] cGtj{:t' / kl/ j]z ?;f]sf] lrGtg– k|of]u:yn xf]Og . xf], ?;f]sf] k|s[lt lrGtgsf s]xL k|tLsfTds cy{x? 5g\, To;nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . zf:qLotf / cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] bf;tfaf6 pGd'lQm pgsf] clei6 xf]– ;/ ntf / k|fs[lts lrGtgz}nL pgsf] ?lr xf] clg l;4fGt / bz{gsf HofbtLx?af6 pGd'lQm pgsf] cfjfh xf] . ;x/ Ls/ 0fsf kL8f / Jo:ttfsf gfddf k|xf/ x'g] :jtGq hLjgsf 3fpx?sf] lgMZjf; xf] ?;f]sf] lrGtg . pgn] st} eg]sf 5g\, …:s"nsf ;f/ f kvf{nx? eTsfpm / afnsx?nfO{ k|s[ltsf] sfvdf nu]/ km\ofFs .Ú o;sf] cfzo xf] lzIff k|s[ltn] lbG5 dflg;nfO{, afFRg] z}nL k|s[ltn] l;sfpF5 dflg;nfO{, cg'ej / 1fg k|s[lt :jo+n] lbG5 . To;sf nflu s'g} ;'ljwf;DkGg ejg, s'g} ;}4flGts 1fg / bIf elgPsf lzIfssf] cfjZostf 5}g . pgL k|s[ltjfbL lyP . pgsf] bfz{lgs cfwf/ k|s[lt lyof] / pgsf] lzIffk4lt klg k|s[lt lrGtgdf g} cfwfl/ t lyof] . xfd|f dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] lzIff;DaGwL lrGtg klg ?;f]sf] eGbf km/ s 5}g . pgn] cfˆgf] lgaGw …lzIffÚ df o;;DaGwL uxg lrGtg k|:t't u/ ]sf 5g\ .

bfz{lgs ?;f] / g]kfnL dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] lrGtgsf aLrdf s] s;/ L of] ;fdLKoof b]lvof] < o;sf klg s]xL P]ltxfl;s cfwf/ x? 5g\ . klZrdL ;flxTodf b]lvPsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;flxlTos lrGtg wf/ f jf jfbsf ?kdf / x]sf] :jR5Gbtfjfb -Roman�cism_ sf Pp6f k|d'v k|]/ s bfz{lgs JolQmTj ?;f] lyP eg] otf g]kfnL ;flxTodf sljtfdfkm{t\ o; lrGtgsf] k|jt{g ug]{ sfd b]jsf]6faf6 ePsf sf/ 0f oL b'O{sf aLrdf w]/ } ;fdLKotf kfOg' Pp6f :jfefljs} 36gf dfGg'k5{ .

?;f]sf] lrGtg / b]jsf]6fsf] cfzo bf;tfaf6 d'lQm xf] x/ ]s If]qdf / xf] l;h{gzLntfsf] jsfnt . dfG5] sf]xL aGwgd'Qm 5}g– b'lgofFdf . s]=hL= s[i0fd"lt{n] Pp6f l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u/ ]sf 5g\– cljrf/ . cljrf/ eg]sf] ljrf/ ljxLgtf xf] . t/ Pp6f sNkgf xf] of]– hLjgdf ;Dej 5}g . o;sf sf/ 0f w]/ } 5g\ . klxnf] sf/ 0f s] 5 eg] dfG5]df k|f0f x'G5– k|f0f eg]sf] hLjg . o;nfO{ efjgf, cg'e"lt / r]tgf cflb h] klg eGg ;lsG5 . ;'t]sf] ;dodf t dfG5]sf] r]tgf cyjf cg'e"lt k"0f{ ;dfKt ePsf] x'Fb}g eg] Ao"Fem]sf] cj:yfdf t emg\ cljrf/ sf] sNkgf ug'{ Pp6f dxfe|d dfq} xf] . lgbfPsf] avtdf r]tgfz"Go eOFb}g eGg] Pp6f cfwf/ s] 5 eg] dflg;n] ;kgfdf b]v]sf] s'/ f Ao"Fem]kl5 eG5 jf ;DemG5 lg t . r]tgfn] sfd gubf]{

xf] t o:tf] ;Defjgf x'g] lyPg . j}1flgsx?n] klg o;;DaGwL w]/ } tYox? k|sflzt ul/ ;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf cljrf/ sf] sNkgf ug'{ Pp6f e|dsf] cFWof/ f] ;'?ªleq cfkm} x/ fpg' dfq} xf] eGg] kSsf 5 .

km]l/ s] la;{g x'Fb}g eg] k|s[ltsf] pkh xf}+ xfdL . xfdL g} :jo+ k|s[lt xf}+ . xfdLdf k|s[ltsf] c+z 5 / xfdL ;w}+–;w}+ k|s[ltd} x'G5f}+ . xfdL k|s[lts} Pp6f c+z xf}+ . xfd|f] cl:tTj g} k|s[lt xf] . lsgeg] k|s[lt eg]sf] ?v, h+un, gbLgfnf, eL/ kfvf, lxdfn, kxf8 dfq} xf]Og– k|s[lt eg]sf] r/ f, d[u / hgfj/ x?sf] cf>o:yn dfq} xf]Og . of] t w]/ } lj:t[ltleq afFr]sf] ;[li6sf] ;du| pkl:ylt xf] .

;dfh cfkm} ag]sf] xf]Og, xfdLn] cfˆg} cfjZostf kl/ k"lt{sf nflu agfPsf] xf] . of] t xfdLn] cfk;df ldn]/ u/ ]sf] Pp6f clnlvt t/ afWosf/ L ;Demf}tf g} xf] . xfdL o'uf}+b]lv oxL ;dfhdf 5f}+ . o;}n] of] ;dfhdf pGd'lQmx? klg 5g\– aGwgx? klg plQs} 5g\ . ;a} xfdLn] g} cfˆg} :jfy{sf nflu agfPsf s'/ fx? x'g\ . lgZro g} xfdL ;a} pGd'lQm rfxG5f}+– x/ ]s dflg; hLjgdf pGd'lQm rfxG5 . t/ o;nfO{ lg/ k]If?kdf a'‰g' x'Fb}g . ;dfhdf ljleGg aGwgx? 5g\– / fhgLlts, wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, n}+lus, hftLo cflb cflb . oL ;a} aGwgx? ;doqmddf ag]sf x'g\ jf agfOPsf x'g\ . dlxnfx? k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhsf bf;tf / HofbtLaf6 d'lQm rfxG5g\– :jfefljs 5 . ul/a / bLgb'MvLx? juL{o d'lQm rfxG5g\– Gofof]lrt 5 . lk5l8Psf hfltx? ljsl;t hfltsf cGofo–cTofrf/ af6 d'lQm rfxG5g\– cfjZos 5 clg cfd dflg; k/ fwLgtfaf6 d'lQm rfxG5g\– pko'Qm 5 . o; b[li6n] ;fdflhs lje]b, eflifs e]befj, ;f+:s[lts bf;tf clg / fhgLlts lyrf]ldrf]af6 d'lQm ;a}sf] clwsf/ xf]– ;a}sf] cfsf+Iff xf] . c/ fhstf, lj;+ult / ljb|'ktfaf6 d'lQmsf] cfsf+Iff ;w}+ g} aGbgLo 5 cjZo t/ cfˆgf] ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/ L / e"ldsfaf6 xfdLnfO{ d'lQm s] st} c;Dej 5 < of] eg] c;Dej klg 5 clg cg'lrt klg 5 . ;fdflhs cg'zf;g, dfgjLo st{Jo / gful/ s bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQm cfkm}df c/ fhs 5– jlh{t 5 . t/ cfh w]/ } dflg;x? o:t} pGd'lQmsf] kl/ sNkgf u/ ]/ klg cfˆgf ;dox? JotLt ul/ / x]5g\ . cfh sltko dflg;x? cfˆgf kfl/ jfl/ s / ;fdflhs pQ/ bfloTjaf6 klG5g'nfO{ pGd'lQmsf] ?kdf a'lem/ x]5g\, c/ fhstf / cg'zf;gxLgtfnfO{ g} cfh sltkon] jf:tljs :jtGqtfsf] cy{df kl/ eflift klg ul/ / x]5g\ . o;/ L ;dfh / hLjgsf] ;DaGwnfO{ 7Ls cy{df ga'em]/ cfh ;dfhdf cg]sf}+ k|s[ltsf ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult / la8Dagfx? km}lnO/ x]sf 5g\, km}ng] qmddf 5g\ .

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Aofkf/ Lx?sf] ynf] lyof] g]kfnu~h . x6f?x?sf] ahf/ ug]{ ynf] / z]if b'lgof;Fu ;Dks{ x'g klg ?k}l8xfsf] gfsf l5rf]Ng'kg]{ x'GYof] . ;ft;fnsf] qmflGtdf bz/ y rGb cf>d / afa's[i0f zdf{sf] of]ubfg klZrddf ck"j{ / x]sf] 5 . / fhgLltnfO{ ;fdflhsLs/ 0f ug{, ufpF / ;x/ cfGbf]ngdf hf]8\g] jf a'l4hLjL / ls;fgnfO{ hf]8\g] afa's[i0f lj:d[ltsf] ue{d} / x]sf gfos x'g\ . Tof] g/ d bn / u/ d bn eP/ . gf/ fo0fL gbL klZrdsf] / fhgLlts g]t[Tj dx]Gb|ljqmd zfxsf] / x]sf] / k"j{tkm{ aLkL sf]O/ fnfsf] . k"j{sf] / fli6«o sf+u|];, klZrdsf] k|hftflGqs sf+u|]; -Pg8L;L_ sf] g]t[Tjdf . klZrd ;z:q ;+3if{ ePsfn] klg clxn] Oltxf;sf s'zn Aoj:yfksx?n] sf+u|]; leqsf] Pg8L;Lsf] e"ldsf vf;} pNn]v ub{}gg\ .

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g]kfnu~hdf d'nfod a]xgf, sF'j/ sNn' l;+x, uf]kfnaxfb'/ sdf{rfo{, hgs sdf{rfo{, uf]kfn >]i7, ?kl;+x l;hfklt, z]v/ zdf{, abn'/ fd g]kfnL cflb qmflGtsf/ Lx?sf] ynf] lyof] . g]kfnu~hdf ;ft;fnsf d'lQm ;]gfsf e]6«fg of]4fx? bLndfgl;+x yfkf, Zofd tfdfª, 8f]gf; u|fªbfg, u'nfal;+xh:tf cu'jf lyP . cem bLndfg l;+x t ;'efifrGb| af];sf] cfhfb lxGb ;]gfsf] k'/ :s[t dfq x}gg\ a]nfotL pklgj]zL ef/ t / / f0ffsfnLg g]kfn b'a} b]zn] kmfF;Lsf] ;hfo dfu u/ ]sf AolQmTj, ef/ tLo :jtGqtf ;]gfgLaf6 ;Ddflgt . ))& ;fnsf of]4f / d'lQm;]gfsf e]6«fgx?;Fusf] lg/ Gt/ sf] ;Dks{ / xFb} hfFbf xf]=== afFsfaL/ -cf4fd_ eLdbQ kGt, s[i0f:jfdL co+u/ / wgaxfb'/ zfxL -sfdL a'9f_af/ ] k|;ª\u p7\g] u/ ]sf .

d'lQm ;]gfsf klZrd sdf08/ ?kl;+x l;hfklt )& ;fnsf] qmflGtk5fl8 klZrd g]kfndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ u7g ug{] cu'jf lyP eg] ;ft ;fnsf] d'lQm ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj ub{} b}n]v d'Qm ug]{df lgd{n nfdf lyP . Oltxf;k|ltsf] rfv / ju{;+3if{df ;z:q cfGbf]ngsf] e"ldsfk|lt cfsif{0f eg]sf] dh:tf o'jf sDo'lgi6df x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] . To;} qmddf sd/ ]8 l;hfkltn] lgd{n nfdfsf] !% ;fn b}n]vaf6 pDd]bjf/ L

lbPsf] / pgsf] r'gfjL ;du| Aoj:yfkg ejfgLk|;fb zdf{ clwsf/ Ln] u/ ]sf], clwsf/ L 5fkfdf/ cfGbf]ngsf u'l/ Nnf wgaxfb'/ zfxL -sfdL a'9f_sf] ;xof]4f ePsf], zfxLsf] h'Dnfdf xTof ePsf] eGg] ;'g]kl5 zfxLnfO{ k5\ofpg / yk hfgsf/ Lsf] nflu klg zdf{nfO{ vf]Hg cfjZos k¥of] . To;a]nf g]skf dzfnn] k]?sf] hgo'4sf :nfO8 ljleGg sld6Lx?df k|rf/ ubf{ :jo+ cfˆg} b]zsf 5fkfdf/ af/ ] lh1f;f a9\g' klg :jfefljs} x'GYof] . To;} qmddf Pp6f klqsfdf sfdL a'9faf/ ] g]qnfn cefuLsf] -x'g'k5{_ 5f]6f] n]v k9\g kfOof] . ?s'dsf tf/ f 3tL{, b]jLnfn uf}td / v8\uaxfb'/ a'9f 7]Ssfk§fsf qmddf g]kfnu~h k'u] . ;fdfGo s'/ f sfdLsf af/ ]df rn] . To;a]nf;Dd klg pgsf ;xof]4f ejfgLk|;fb zdf{;Fu eg] e]6 x'g ;s]sf] lyPg .

)$* sf] z'?jft;Fu} Psftkm{ ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{dfk{mt\ Pstf s]Gb|n] / fhgLlts x:tIf]k ug{ yfNof] eg] ?s'd, / f]Nkf / hfh/ sf]6df u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{n] t]h klqmof] . To;}n] tTsfnLg Pstf s]Gb|sf g]tf af;'b]j uf}tdn] u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{sf cu'jf / fdaxfb'/ yfkf …afbnÚnfO{ …OdfGbf/ pu|jfbLÚ eg]sf] k|;+u clxn] klg ;Demg k'U5' . u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{ cfkm}df 5fkfdf/ cfGbf]ngsf] c3f]lift z'?jft lyof] eg] cem sfdL a'9fsf] cfjZostf cfGbf]ngstf{nfO{ a9\of] . cleofgdo cfGbf]ng agfpg] dfcf]jfbL k/ Dk/ fsf] yfngL l;h cleofgaf6 yflnP/ zlQm s]lGb|s/ 0f ?s'd, / f]Nkf / hfh/ sf]6df x'g yfn] . cleofgstf{nfO{ labfOsf] lrgf]df klxnf]k6s sfdL a'9fsf] kmf]6f] pkxf/ lbOof] . sfdL a'9fsf] pQm 6f]k nufPsf] kmf]6f] b+ufnL snfsf/ / fdrGb| >]i7n] agfPsf] k]lG6ª xf] eg] To;}nfO{ kmf]6f] lvr]/ kmf]6f] agfpg ?s'daf6 slj/ fd s];L g]kfnu~h cfP/ Od]h sn/ Nofjaf6 ;of}+ kmf]6f] tof/ ul/ Psf] lyof] .

ls+abGtLdf / x]sf sfdL a'9fsf] rrf{ t v'a eof] t/ Tof] syfnfO{ P]ltxfl;s tYodf 9fNg cfjZos lyof] . cfGbf]ngsf] pmhf{ t Oltxf;sf sfnv08sf gfosx? aGy] . gfosn] lbg], ;lxbn] lbg] pmhf{n] g} cfGbf]ngsf / fk oqtq km}lnG5g\ . cfTdfan a9\5, k|]/ s kIf x'G5g\ . Oltxf; / gfosnfO{ km]l/ ;Demg' eg]sf] tTsfnLg ;don] pgLx?sf] pmhf{ cfjZostf k¥of] eGg' xf] . hgo'4sf] yfngLk"j{ b}n]v sfo{If]q lnP/ k|sfz ;'j]bL uP . sd/ ]8 ;'j]bL;Fu rf}/ f7f jf gf}d'n]df s'g} ejfgLk|;fb zdf{ clwsf/ L eGg] ;ft;fns} qmflGtsf/ L 5g\, pgL;Fu ;Dks{ u/ ]/ sfdL a'9faf/ ] oyf]lrt hfgsf/ L lng cfu|x u/ ]+ .

hgo'4 z'? eO;s]kl5sf] b}n]v To;a]nf;Dd / f]lxt ;d"xsf] klZrd]nL u9 dflgGYof] . k|sfz sd/ ]8n] zdf{nfO{ e]6]/ sfdLsf] af/ ]df 5nkmn ug'{eP5 / …tkfOFx?n] @))(÷)!) ;fndf z'? ug'{ ePsf] hgo'4 clxn] dfcf]jfbLn] z'? u/ ]sfn] ;xof]u ug'{;\Ú eGg'eP5 . To;sf] hjfkmdf g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d]t / x]sf zdf{n] cfk"m k|ToIf ;xefuL geP klg b}n]vL qmflGtsf/ L c;n sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;Dks{ lbP/ ;xof]u ug'{eP5 . o;} klg d]/ f] zdf{;Fu e]6\g] / syfdf / x]sf sfdLnfO{ Oltxf;sf gfosdf tYo,

k|df0f;lxt ;fljt ug]{ bfloTj lyof] . To;sf] hLjGt kfq eg]sf zdf{dfq} x'g ;Sy] . sd/ ]8 ;'j]bLn] ljdf/ zdf{nfO{ ;kl/ jf/ g]kfnu~h k7fpg'eP5 . hf] d]/ } 3/ df a;]/ Ps dlxgf rGb|adsf] cSo'k~r/ df pkrf/ u/ fOof] . klqsfsf] n]v ;Lldttf x]b{} ;+lIfKtdf cfu] zdf{ a[tfGt sxG5' . afFsL t pgs} af/ ]df k|sfzf]Gd'v k':tsdf / xg]5 .

bfª x'nfssf alxbf/ ejfgLk|;fb zdf{ clwsf/ L uf]kfn sdf{rfo{sf] k|]/ 0ffn] / f0ffla/ f]wL cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldP . ))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL clwsf/ Lsf] g]kfnL sf+u|];;Fusf] df]xe+u eg] 7"nf lhDbf/ e/ tdl0f zdf{nfO{ dGqL agfpg' / afFs]–alb{ofdf ef/ tLo ;]gfsf] k|j]z / x]5 . cfGbf]ngn] ul/ a / lgd'vfnfO{ x]b{}g / x/ ]s qmflGtk5fl8sf pknlAw 7"nf 7fn'n] g} kfpF5g\ eg] qmflGtsf] cy{ / xFb}g eGg] ;f]r ePs} a]nf pgsf] ef/ tLo ;]gfsf k|lzIfs ;d]t / x]sf ljb|f]xL sfdL a'9f;Fu ))* df bfªdf e]6 ePsf] / x]5 . To;a]nf;Dd 8f= s] cfO{ l;+x k|s/ 0fn] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly k|ltaGw nflu;s]sf] x'Fbf klZrdsf] sDo'lgi6 g]t[Tj sdn/ fh / ]UdLsf] ;Dks{df pgLx? b'a} kfNkf k'u]5g\ / / ]UdL;Fu sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;z:q ;+3if{sf] clgjfo{tfaf/ ] 5nkmn eP5 . t/ / ]UdLn] pgLx?nfO{ ls;fg ;+3sf] ;b:otf / l;b lbP/ k7fP5g\ . / ]UdL clxn] klg kf6L{ ;xof]usf nflu x'nfs l6s6 lbPsf] ;DemG5g\ .

sfdL / ejfgLsf] hf]8L kfNkfaf6 Ko'7fg, / f]Nkf, ;Nofg, ?s'd x'Fb} hfnL, km6fxf, ;'bvf]/ / cGofoLla?4 sf/ jfxL ub{} cufl8 a9]5 . pgLx?sf] klxnf] 7"nf] sf/ jfxL y'gL tfOjfªdf / x]sf] lhDjfn x]dh+u dNnsf] srx/ L 3/ k/ ]5 . ls;fgx?sf] hd36 e]nf ub{} / ftf] cla/ nufOlbFb} ls;fg dfr{ klZrd a9\b} b}n]vaf6 xfp8L g]6f sf6\b} h'Dnfsf] s'8f/ Lsf] h+undf ls;fg ;ef eP5 . clxn] klg ltnf kmfF6sf a[4x? / ftf em08f kmx/ fP/ wgaxfb'/ zfxL -sfdL a'9f_sf] cfd;ef ;Demg] u5{g\ . ;f] ls;fg dfr{ x'Dnf k'u]kl5 eg] :yfgLo lhDjfn uf]/ ] / fjt / k'ln;n] klqmP/ !^ hgfsf] qmflGtsf/ L ls;fg ;d"xnfO{ kftf kmsf{P/ tTsfnLg s0ff{nLsf] d'Vo c8\8f rf}efg -xfnsf] h'Dnf vn+uf_ k'¥ofP5g\ .

s0ff{nL k|b]zdf st} z]/ l;+x, st} wgaxfb'/ zfxL elgg] sfdL a'9fsf] 8fo/ Ldf kfNkfdf e]6]sf sdn/ fh / ]UdLsf] gfd / x]sfn] pgnfO{ klg c8\8f;f/ ub{} / fHo ljKnjsf] cf/ f]kdf h'Dnf k'¥ofOP5 . To;sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/ 0f / ]UdL k'qLn] …kfNkf, af / cfdf k':tsdfÚ ePsfn] / ]UdLnfO{ e]6\g pgsf] kf6gl:yt 3/ df hgf{bg zdf{, nf]s]Gb| lji6, x]dGtk|sfz cf]nL, u0f]zdfg k'g, sdnf / f]sf;lxt sfdLk'qL / kf}qL la|Ghf k'g klg k'u]/ lel8of]u|fkmL ul/ of] . sfdLnfO{ hLljt b]Vg] csf]{ kfq OGb| y}jnfO{ k5\ofpg kfNkf u'NdLaLrsf] l/ 8L3f6 k'u]/ ul/ Psf] lel8of] ;d]t k+lQmsf/ ;Fu 5 . ejfgL zdf{sf sfdLsf] xTof h'Dnfsf] rf}efg h]ndf @)!) ;fn c;f]hsf] k"mnkftLsf] lbgdf ePsf] xf] .

-sfdL a'9fsf] hLjgL ;d]l6Psf] lk6/ sf] k':ts k|sfzf]Gd'v cj:yfdf 5 ._

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/ fKtL c~rndf jt{dfg kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljljw ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿ eO/ x]sf 5g\ . o:tf ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿n] lgs} g} rrf{ kfO/ x]sf] cj:yf 5 eGg'df s'g} clt;of]lQm gxf]nf . rfx] b'O{ b;sleqsf gj ;|i6f xf]pmg\ rfx] cf7 b;s g} gf3]sf cu|h ;|i6f .

oL ;a} ;|i6fx¿sf] Pp6} ynf]df x'g] ;d'kl:yltn] klg o:tf sfo{qmdx¿df / f}gstf yk]sf] 5 . cem ljz]ifu/ L ;+:yfut ?kdf eGg'kbf{ oxfF :yflkt ljleGg ;flxlTos ;+3÷;+:yfx¿s} cfof]hgfdf o:tf ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿ x'g] ePsf]n] klg yk xf};nf Pj+ rrf{kl/ rrf{ a9\g uPsf] xf] . h;n] ;|i6fsf] JolQmut ?kdf / rgfTds ljsf; x'g'sf] ;fy} o:tf ;+3÷;+:yfx¿sf] ul/ df ;d]t a9\g hfg] s'/ f ;To;fljt ePsf] 5 . log} ljljw ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿cGtu{t kl5Nnf] ;dodf ul/ b} cfPsf] …Psn / rgfÚ jfrgsf] k|:t'ltn] klg ;a} ;flxTofg'/ fuLx¿sf] dg 5'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .

cu|hb]lv gjk|ltefx?n] cfˆgf] hLjgdf ef]u]sf cg'ej / cg'e"ltx¿ ;fj{hlgs u/ ]/ ;flxlTos / ;do r]tgfsf sf?l0fs Pj+ / f]dfl~rt pb\j]ux¿, ;fdflhs kl/ j]zsf lrq0fx¿, / fhgLlts ptf/ r9fjsf kl/ b[Zox¿ nufotsf ljljw kIfx¿nfO{ phfu/ ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . oL ljljw ljifox¿ ;d]l6Psf dd{:kzL{ / rgfx¿sf] k|:t'ltn] klg pkl:yt ;flxTofg'/ fuL >f]tfx¿dfem of] sfo{qmdk|ltsf] ?lr, cg'/ fu Pj+ cf}lrTo a9\b} uPsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . o;/ L Psn?kdf ul/ b} cfPsf] o; k|:t'ltn] ;du|df ;|i6fsf] ;'Id kl/ rosf] emns lbg'sf ;fy} k|:t't ul/ g] / rgfx¿sf] dfWodaf6 xif{, pdª\u Pj+ pNnf;, b'Mv, kL8f, s?0ffh:tf xfF;f] / cfF;'n] el/ Psf km/ s–km/ s :jfbsf ljifoj:t'sf ;flxlTos / ;x¿n] ;|i6fsf] JolQmTj / s[ltTjsf] af]w;d]t u/ fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

/ fKtL c~rndf ;+:yfut?kdf eGg'kbf{ / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\n] ljleGg ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] s'/ f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . h;df k|To]s dlxgfsf] clGtd z'qmaf/ ck/ fGx # ah] dfl;s?kdf ljut gf} jif{b]lv -@)^@ ;fnb]lv_ lg/ Gt/ ub{} cfPsf] ;flxlTos sfo{qmd xf] ;|i6fåf/ f / lrt …s[lt;dLIffÚ . o:t} å}dfl;s?kdf ul/ g] b'O{ lsl;dsf ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿ klg ;~rfngdf / x]sf 5g\ . log} å}dfl;sdWo]sf x'g\ …5Gb ;+udÚ / …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd . x/ ]s hf]8f dlxgfsf] bf]>f] z'qmaf/ ck/ fGx # ah] …5Gb;+udÚ / x/ ]s lahf]8f dlxgfsf] bf]>f] z'qmaf/ ck/ fGx # ah] …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . oL ;a} sfo{qmdx¿ lgs} / f]rs Pj+ k|efjsf/ L 9+un] ;'–;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf klg 5g\ .

o;/ L å}dfl;s lgoldt sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd xf] …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ . x/ ]s lahf]8f dlxgfsf] bf]>f] z'qmaf/ sf lbg ck/ fGx # ah]b]lv kl/ ifb\n] o:tf] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf cfˆg} ejg 3f]/ fxLdf ub{} cfPsf] 5 . clxn];Dd oxfF ul/ Psf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ lgofNbf / fKtL c~rnleqsf ;flxTo ;h{såf/ f dfq Psn?kdf k|:t't ePsf] b]lvG5 . z'?sf sfo{qmdx¿df …Psn sljtf jfrgÚ gfd lbOP tfklg ;|i6fsf ljljw / rgfx¿h:t} sljtf, uLt, uhn, Kof/ f]8L, d'Qms, xfOs"nufot cfˆgf cg'ej / cg'e"lt;lxtsf cGo ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿ klg k|:t't ul/ g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ kl5 uP/ …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd elgPsf] xf] . h;df Psn?kdf ;xefuL x'g] ;|i6fåf/ f sl/ a ! 306fsf] cjlwleq o:tf ljljw ;flxlTos / rgfx¿ k|:t't x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .

of] …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd kl/ ifb\ s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] @)^^ efb| dlxgfb]lv lgoldt?kdf ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] / oxL @)&! a}zfvb]lv kl/ ifb\

sf] bfª zfvfn] o; k|sf/ sf] cfof]hgfsf] lhDdf lnO{ ;f]sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{} cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd hDdf #) hgf ;|i6fx¿n] o; sfo{qmddf Psn k|:t'ltsf ?kdf cf–cfˆgf ;flxlTos sf];]nLx¿ kl:s;s]sf 5g\ . ;j{k|yd o'jf ;flxTosf/ ;'/ ]z;'dg 8fFuLåf/ f of] sfo{qmdsf] z'?jft ePkZrft\ ;flxTosf/ x¿ qmdzM 8f=s[i0f/ fh 8L=;L=, gf/ fo0f g]kfn, lul/ / fh zdf{, z/ b b]jsf]6f, u0f]z zfx, ;"o{gfy ;fksf]6f, eLdsfGt zdf{ cfrfo{, pQds[i0f dhu}ofF, 5df k/ fh'nL, sdndl0f b]jsf]6f, kßk|;fb zdf{, nf]s/ fh k/ fh'nL, vu/ fh Gof}kfg]sf Psn k|:t'ltx¿ eO;s]sf 5g\ . To;}u/ L 6Lsf a:g]t, k|bLk/ fh >]i7 …wd{z]v/ Ú, a;Gt ljj; cfrfo{, ;'bLk uf}td, ;+uLt a:ofn, z/ b Ct', 5ljnfn sf]lknf, >Ls[i0f zdf{ …klysÚ, >Lw/ efj's, ds'z kGyL, ljb'iff kf08]o, o1axfb'/ 8fFuL, df]xgs'df/ bfxfn, ;'bLk zdf{, 9'08L/ fh kf}8]n / 3gZofd cl:tTjåf/ f Psn k|:t'ltx¿ eO;s]sf 5g\ . To:t}, cfufdL sfo{qmdcGtu{t @)&! sflt{s dlxgfsf] Psn k|:t'lt zf/ bf zdf{sf] / xg] lg0f{o;d]t eO;s]sf] 5 .

o;cl3 ljz]if sfo{qmdsf ?kdf / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] cfof]hgfdf @)&) df3 @! ut] bªfnL o'jf ;+uLtsf/ ;Gtf]if >]i7åf/ f …Psn ;f+uLlts ;fFemÚ sf ;fy} ev{/ } dfq oxL efb| @( ut] ;flxTosf/ dw';"bg kf}8]nåf/ f …Psn sljtf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd ;DkGg eP . o;/ L lgofNbf o; …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmdsf oL k|:t'ltx¿af6 :jo+ k|:t'tstf{ ;|i6fsf] JolQmut klxrfg x'g'sf ;fy} >f]tfx¿sf] klg lgs} cle?lrsf ;fy cfsif{0f a9]sf] b]lvG5 .

o;}aLr / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf cGo lhNnf zfvfx¿n] klg o; …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df lhNnf zfvf ;Nofgn] klg ;|i6f ;Ddfg sfo{qmdcGtu{t s]xL dlxgfcl3b]lv of] …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd lgs} k|efjsf/ L tj/ n] ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . hxfF xfn;Dd tLghgf ;flxTosf/ x¿ c?0fs'df/ zfx, df};dbf; >]i7 / jL/ ]Gb| / fjtn] cf–cfˆgf k|:t'ltx¿ b]vfO;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

o;/ L g} / f]Nkf lhNnfsf] nlnt ;flxTo kl/ ifb\n] klg ev{/ } dfq o;} jif{b]lv o;k|sf/ sf] …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ / f]Nkf zfvfsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf / xFb} cfPsf] o; sfo{qmddf xfn;Dd rf/ hgf ;|i6fx¿ v]d/ fh zdf{, 8L=aL=6'x'/ f], ;Ltf zdf{ / / d]z ;'j]bLsf k|:t'ltx¿ lgs} k|efjsf/ L tj/ n] eO;s]sf 5g\ .

o;}u/ L kl/ ifb\sf ?s'd / Ko"7fg zfvfx¿n] ;d]t o; k|sf/ sf] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ca l5§} g} z'? ug{] s'/ f hfgsf/ Ldf cfPsf] 5 . otf bfªsf] b]pv'/ Ldf klg b]pv'/ L ;flxTo tyf ;f+:s[lts d~rsf] cfof]hgfdf o; sfo{qmdn] pRr:yfg kfPsf] 5 . h;df ;|i6fx¿ lxdf]8 kxf8L / pbo cfn]åf/ f Psn?kdf 5'§f5'§} k|:t'ltx¿ eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] tLg hgf ;|i6fx¿ lzj/ fh kGyL, / fdk|sfz rf}w/ L / em/ gf Gof}kfg]sf] ;+o'Qm k|:t'lt;d]t eO;s]sf] 5 .

o;/ L ePsf ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿nfO{ lgofNbf ;flxTosf] pj{/ e"ld / x]sf] / fKtL If]qdf cfPsf] o;k|sf/ sf] …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmdsf] axf/ n] s'g} klg ;|i6fsf] j}olQms Pj+ / rgfTds lrgf/ Lsf] af]w x'g'sf] ;fy} gjk|ltefx¿sf nflu klg k|]/ 0ffbfoL aGg uPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cfof]hs ;+:yfx¿sf] lrgf/ L Pj+ ul/ df ;d]t a9\b} hfg'sf ;fy} ;|i6fx¿aLr cfk;L ;b\efj Pj+ ;dGjo;d]t a9\g uPsf] 5 . s'g} klg hfthflt, lnª\u, ju{, pd]/ , cj:yf cflbsf] e]befjlagf g} cfof]hgf ul/ b} cfPsf]] o;k|sf/ sf] sfo{qmd ;a}sf nflu lgs} k|]/ 0fbfoL, ;do;fk]If Pj+ ;dfhf]kof]uL x'g'sf ;fy} ;flxTo, ;+uLt, snf, ;+:s[lt cflb If]qsf] ;j{q lrgf/ L;d]t aGg uPsf] 5 . ctM / fKtL c~rndf …Psn / rgf jfrgÚ sfo{qmd cToGt} / f]rs, k|efjsf/ L Pj+ cfsif{s aGg uPsf] s'/ f :jLsfo{ ePsf] 5 .w

6f]nel/ PsfPs lrdlrd] 38Lsf] …qm]hÚ XjfQ} a9]/ uof] . / fd|f];Fu Ohf/ fjfn s6\6' nufpg g;Sg]n] ;d]t lrdlrd] 38Lsf] ;kgfdf cfkm"nfO{ bf}8fpg yfn] .

k|zfGt] g]jf/ sf af -8\of8_n] sf]l/ ofaf6 lrdlrd]

38L NofOlbPkl5 6f]nel/ sf] lx/ f] …pÚ g} ag]sf] lyof] . ;6{sf afx'nf dfly;Dd ;f/ ]/ k|zfGt]n] xftdf lrdlrd] 38L l6lnSs 6NsfpFbf ;a}sf] d'vel/ kfgLsf] tfn kYof]{ . c?n] s]–s] ;f]Ry] vf]O < d eg] k|zfGt]sf af lsg d]/ f af ePgg\ xf]nf eg]/ k5'tf] dflg/ xGy]+ .

…8\of8Ln] b;j6f 38L Nofpg'ePsf] 5Ú k|zfGtn] xfdLnfO{ emg} nf]EofpFYof] . ;+;f/ df v';Lsf] clGtd laGb' g} oxL xf]nf h:tf] nfUYof] dnfO{ . slxn]sfxL+ dfof u/ ]/ dnfO{ klg lbOxfN5g\ ls eg]/ d}n] k|zfGt]sf 8\of8Lsf] 5fof klg 5f8]g . a"9fn] o;f] dfofn' kf/ fn] x]/ ]sf a]nf 38L lbg g} cfF6] ls h:tf] nfUYof] . t/ d/ ] lbP kf] Û

lrdlrd] 38Lsf] / x/ n] leqleq} kfs]sf] a]nf sfn] cyf{t\ ljgf]b]n] h'lQm ;'wfof] .

…x]/ a8\8f t]/ f af h:t} d]/ f afn] klg dnfO{ 38L lslGbGgg\ t/ d;Fu Pp6f h'lQm 5, dfG5;\ <Ú

sfn] ktLt a'l4jfnf lyof] . ;fn]n] w]/ } k6s dnfO{ df/ v'jfPsf] lyof] . t/ klg 38L nufpg kfpg] eg]kl5 d}n] s]xL klg ;f]lrgF . …x'G5Ú eg] .

sfn] u'Rrf v]Ngdf 6f]nel/ s} …8gÚ lyof] . u'Rrf v]n]/ w]/ } lhTg] ePsfn] sfn]sf] xfkm kfOG6sf] b'a} uf]hL k"/ } Kjfn k/ ]sf] x'GYof] . clg cfwf …===Ú b]lvg] ul/ nlqPsf] x'GYof] . sfn]sf af p;nfO{ ufnL uy]{ . t/ klg sfn]n] u'Rrfn] xfkm kfOG6sf] uf]hL RofTg 5f8]g . hlt eg] lg gdfg]kl5 sfn]sf afn] p;nfO{ uf]hf gePsf] s6\6' lslglbP . t/ sfn]n] a"9fsf] d]v dfg{ dHhfn] An]8 nufP/ s6\6' b'O{ lbgd} 6'qmfof] .

sfn]sf afa' Ol08og / cfdf g]kfnL lyOg\ . afn] lbgel/ a/ km a]Ry] . cfdf eg] s'/ f a]lRyg\ . ;fob To;sf afn] ljjfx gu/ ]sf eP To;sL cfdfsf] lax] slxNo} x'Fb}gYof] xf]nf . Tolt w]/ } s'?k lyOg\ sfn]sL cfdf . t/ klg 3/ df lgs} x}sd rnfpFlyg\ . 3/ sf] r'nf] afNg] ;/ hfd dfq} xf]Og sfd klg uy]{ To;sf af . dnfO{ slxn]sfxL+ l;Q}df a/ km lbg] ePsfn] dnfO{ sfn]sf af ;fx|} u'0fL nfUy] . sfn] ;w}+ cfˆgf] afnfO{ …b]zLÚ eg]/ 3[0ff uYof]{ . o;sf k5fl8 p;sL cfdfsf] x}sdsf] sf/ 0f lyof] . pgs} sdfOdf kl/ jf/ rn]sf] eP klg 3/ df pgsf] ;DdfgeGbf ckdfgsf] dfqf a9L lyof] .

sfn]sf] cg'xf/ afNbfafNb} lgefPsf] 7"6f]h:tf] lyof] . t/ klg cfkm"nfO{ ;'lgn ;]6\7L 7fGYof] pm . 6f]nel/ dfOnf g]jf/ sf] 3/ df dfq 6LeL lyof] . xfdLnfO{ 6LeL sf]7fleq l5g{ cg'dlt lyPg . xfd|f n'uf / z/ L/ eGbf / fd|f] dfOnf g]jf/ sf] l6eL sf]7fsf] e'FO lyof] . xfdL hfnL nufPsf] em\ofnaf6 6LeL x]Yof}{+ . 6LeL ;fbf lyof] t/ To;df OGb|]0fL / ªsf] Knfli6s aflx/ af6 nufOPsf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ Tof] / ª\uLg 6LeLem}+ nfUYof] .

…xd kfFrÚ eGg] lxGbL xfF:o l;l/ on Tof] a]nfdf

;fx|} rlr{t lyof] . hL6LeLaf6 cfpg] Tof] l;l/ ondf leQfdf 6fFl;Psf] kmf]6f]af6 Ps dlxnf af]lNyg\ . dnfO{ Tof] lgs} / dfOnf] nfUYof] . sfn] klg Wofg lbP/ x]Yof]{ Tof] l;l/ on . Psk6s hL6LeLdf g} jnjfg eGg] lkmlnd xfdLn] x]/ ]sf lyof}+ . ga'em] klg lkmlndsf] lx/ f]n] a]:df/ L s'6]sf] b[Zo x]/ ]kl5 sfn]n] k|zfGt]nfO{ lx/ f]sf] gfd ;f]Wof] . yfxf kfPkl5 cfkm"nfO{ ;'lgn ;]6\7L eGg nufof] . xfdL p;sf] ;fd'Gg] ;'lgn] ;]6\7L eg]/ af]nfpFYof}+ . sfn]n] To;kl5 sf]7fel/ ;'lgn ;]6\7Lsf] kf]i6/ 6fF:g] dfq xf]Og :s'nsf] sfkLsf] uftfdf ;d]t gfd n]v]sf] 7fpFdf ;'lgn ;]6\7L -ljgf]b_ eg]/ n]Vof] .

xfdL t'n;Lk'/ sf] ;]G6/ :s'ndf sIff $ df k9\Yof}+ . rf/ sIffaf6 dfq c+u|]hL k9fO x'GYof] . ;+;f/ sf] ;a}eGbf ufx|f] sfd c+u|]hL g} xf]nf h:tf] nfUYof] . c+u|]hLsf] u[xsfo{ s;}n] klg ldnfpb}gYof] . sfn]n] u[xsfo{sf] sfkLdf klg …;'lgn ;]6\7LÚ n]]v]sf] / x]5 . Psflt/ ;a} xf]djs{ lauf/ ]sf], csf{lt/ lx/ f]sf] gfd n]v]sf] . x]8;/ n] tLg k':tf k'Ug] u/L dd{t ug'{eof] . v'6\6fdf o;/ L lk6\g'ePsf] lyof] ls lk;fa km]bf{ p;nfO{ v'6\6f] prfNg'kYof]{ . cfsfz gx]/ ]/ lb;f lk;fa gcfpg] sfn] s;}n] yfxf gkfpmg\ eg]/ 6\jfOn]6 hfg yfNof] . clg slxNo} ;'lgn ;]6\7Lsf] gfd klg lnPg .

Psk6s k};f rf]/ ]/ sfn]n] dnfO{ lkmlnd x]g{ hfg] k|:tfj / fVof] . d}n] gdfGg] s'/ } ePg . :s'n 5f8]/ xfdL cf]dzflGt l;g]df xndf lkmlnd x]g{ uof}+ . xfdLnfO{ xnsf] kbf{df b[Zo b]Vg kfP ;a} k'UYof], s'g lkmlnd nfu]sf] 5 < s:tf] 5 < eGg] s'/ fsf] vf;} rf;f] nfUb}gYof] . la8Djgf Û Tof] xndf rn]sf] lkmlnd klg ;'lgn ;]6\7Lsf] …/ IfsÚ eGg] / x]5 . sfn] lkmlnddf ;'lgn ;]6\7L b]lvg]lalQs} xnaf6 km'Q aflx/ cfof] . d}n] eg] k"/ } lkmlnd x]/ ]+ .

lkmlnd x]g{ gkfPsf] emf]+sdf 3/ df cfP/ sfn]n] cfdfnfO{ s'/ f nufOlbP5 . d]/ f] / fdw'nfO ug'{eof] cfdfn] . ;fn] ;+ut ug{nfos dfG5] g} lyPg t/ 5f8\g klg dg gnfUg] . slxn]sfxL+ dg a]:df/ L b'vfP klg sfn] d;Fu lgs} ldNg] uYof]{ . 38L nufpg] s'/ fdf klg xfd|f] s'/ f 7\ofSs} d]n vfPsf] lyof] .

…x]/ , k|zfGt]sf af;Fu b/ fhdf w]/ } 38L 5g\ / ] To;nfO{ rf]g{ nufd .Ú sfn] rf]g{], emu8f ug]{, lk6\g] h:tf cs/ 0f …afgLÚsf] afbzfx lyof] . d eg] o:tf s'/ faf6 ;w}+ 6f9f / xg] k|of; uy]{+ . t/ klg nf]e b]vfP/ p;n] dnfO{ h:tf] sfd eP klg u/ fO5f8\Yof] .

sfn]n] eg] cg';f/ b'a}n] k|zfGt]nfO{ lgx'l/ d'G6L g ub{} cg'go u¥of}+ . / x/ n] dfG5]nfO{ h] klg agfpFbf] / x]5 . sfn] Tof] eGbf cufl8 s;}sf ;fd' To;/ L em's]sf] d}n] b]v]sf] lyOgF . sfn]n] dlxgf lbgel/ afsf] a/ kmsf] l8Aafaf6 a/ km rf]/ ]/ vfg lbg] Ps a"Fb] df}lvs ;xdlt u/ ]kl5 k|zfGt] 38L rf]g{ tof/ eof] . xfdL 38Lsf] cfzfdf kv]6f le/ ]/ dg p8fpg yfNof}+ .

ckl/ kSj rf]/ k|zfGt] kqmfp kl/ xfn]5 . To;sf afn] xfdLnfO{ af]nfP/ tf]/L sf] km"n b]lvg] u/L ufnfdf r6\sfP . s]xL af]Ng ;s]gf}+ . / x/ g xf] rf]6n] sxfF x/ fpFYof] . emg} lznfn]vdf s"FlbPsf cIf/ h:t} gd]l6g] eP/ uof] . emg} 38L nufpg dg nfUof] .

qmdz lg/ h, ljgf]b, kz'{/ fd ;a}n] afcfdfsf cufl8 Ps srf}/ f hlt cfF;' v;fn]/ xftdf 38L l6lnSs 6NsfP . afFsL d / sfn] / Xof}+ . d]/ f] / x/ la:tf/ } kfOG6df 6fFl;Psf] r'Oudh:tf] aGb} uof] .

s]6fx?nfO{ g ;dosf] vfFrf] x'GYof] g t s'g} Jo:ttf t/ klg ldg]6 glaTb} 38L x]]g]{ pgLx?sf] afgL k/ ]sf] lyof] . d 3'6'Ss y's lgNy]+ . sfn] klg . s]6fx? l5ge/ nfO{ nufpg 38L lbGy] . …cf]xf] d]/ f] xftnfO{ slt ;'xfPsf] ÛÚ dVv ky]{+ s]xL ;]s]G8, clg t8\lk/ xGy] s}of}+ 306f . 3/ sf] cj:yf 38L lsGg] k|sf/ sf] lyPg . t/ / x/ x?n] cj:yf x]bf{ / x]g5g\ . km'Q cfOk'Uy] stf xf] stfaf6, ;DxfNg} g;Sg] u/ L . 3/ df eGg] ;fx; lyPg . d ;fg}b]lv 3/ sf] s'/ f a'em\by]+ . w]/ } k6s cfdfn] s;f}8L Kjfn kg]{ ul/ kGo"Fn] rnfpFb} efF8f] lgtf/ ]sf] d}n] b]v]sf] lyPF . Tof] kL8fn] Rjf:; d'6' 3f]RYof] . d cfFvfsf] an]gL / f]Sg} ;Qm}gy]+ . cfdf gf6s / Rg'x'GYof], …efF8f] dfem\g ;fx|} wf} x'G5 k"/ } sf]tg'{ k/ f]Ú afn;'ne dlit:sn] klg kL8faf]w uYof]{ . Sofd]/ fsf] tl:a/ k|sfzn] hnfpFYof] dgsf] tl:a/ s'g} rLhn] hnfpg ;s]g .

dnfO{ la:tf/ } v]Ng hfg klg dg d/ ]/ cfpg yfNof] . 38L 6Nsfpg]x?sf] ;d"xdf l/ Qf] xft sfn] / d dfq lyof}+ . 38Lsf] Kof;n] dg cfs'n Jofs'n agfpFYof}+ . cfkm} PSn} x/ fpFy]+ . slxn]sfxL+ Kof;n] dg yfDg ufx|f]–ufx|f] kYof]{ . clg 86k]gn] dHhfsf] 38L agfpFy] . cfkm} dVv ky]{+ . t/ Tof] v';L afn'jfsf] 3/ h:t} x'GYof] . lsgls 38Lsf ;'Ox? 6;d; ub{}gy] .

afnfO{ lrdlrd] 38L lsgL lbg'k¥of] eg]/ eGg] ;fx; dgdf lyPg . slt k6s / x/ n] ws]Nb} af;Dd k'¥ofpFYof] . afsf] 8/ xf]Og dnLg cg'xf/ n] dnfO{ leq}af6 d]/ f dgsf s'/ fx? n'sfpg afWo agfpFYof] .

lj/ ]Gb|rf]sdf af6f]el/ sfpG6/ / fv]/ 38L agfpg] ub{y] . d lbgsf] Psk6s tL 38L k;nsf 38Lx? x]b}{ dg zfGt agfpFy]+ . 3/ cfOgk'Ub} 38L / x/ dgdf l5l/ ;s]sf] x'GYof] .

:s'ndf klg k|foM s]6fx? xftdf 38L 6NsfpFb} cfpFy] . ;a};Fu lrdlrd] 38L x'GYof] . h;sf] 38L / fd|f] x'GYof], To;nfO{ ;a}n] 3]/ f xfNy] . lji0f] lyof] Ps hf] xftsf] 38L 6NsfpFb} / jfkm b]vfpFYof] . …o:tf] kfhL 38L s] nufpg] s]6f xf], d]/ f] gofF 38L cfpFb}5 .Ú d]/ f] l/ ;sf] kf/ f tft]/ cfpFYof] . ;fn]sf 8f]h/ h:tf bfFt pl56\ofpFh:tf] nfUYof] . t/ ;DxflnGy]+ . d}n] ul/ aLaf6 l;s]sf] 7"nf] cfbz{ lyof] of] .

Pslbg dWofGt/ sf] ;do . d rf}/ df PSn} a;]/ 3fd tflk/ x]sf] lyPF . ljBfnodf gf:tf of k};f vf;} n}hfg] afgL lyPg . laxfg eft vfof] clg ;fFem ar]sf] af;L eft . gf:tfsf] vf;} cfjZostf klg kb{}gYof] . afgL eGg' sfFrsf] df6f] g xf] h:tf] agfof] p:t} aGg] . sfn]n] ;fOgk]gsf s]xL l8Aaf lnP/ cfof] . clg / ª–/ ªsf ;fOgk]gn] xftel/ 7"nf] 38L agfOlbof] . d afx'nf vf]n]/ sIffdf uPF . ;a} cjfs eP dnfO{ b]v]/ . Ps}l5gdf / fh]Gb|]n] lv;L ug{ yfNof] . sfn]n] Gjf/ gb]lvsf] an nufP/ bfFt pl5l§g] u/ L d'vdf ahfOlbof] . d'vaf6 / ut aufpFb} / fh]Gb|] e'FOdf k5fl/ of] . lv;L ug]{x? ;fO8 nfu] . sfn]n] / utfDo kf/ ]kl5 xfdLnfO{ lh:sfpg] qmd aGb eof] . xfdL lbglbg} / ª abn]/ km/ s–km/ s 38L agfP/ ljBfno hfg yfNof}+ .

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sfsf M b;}+ t cfof] km'RrL . x'g]nfO{ ;w}+ b;}+ gx'g]nfO{ t bzf . dxª\uLn] cfsfz 5'g] dfq xf]Og gfl3;Sof] . s;/ L dgfpg] xf] d a"9fn] lg b;}+ < :s'n aGb x'g] ePkl5 t tF km'RrL / tF h:tf nfvf}+ :s'n] ljBfyL{nfO{ t To;} df;' vfÚsf] h:tf] eOuf] lg . ls s;f] <

km'r'ª\u|L M pOn] pOn] dfcf]jfbL c+snx?sf s'/ f v'a} ;'lgGYof] sfsf . cfhef]ln km]l/ l;s] / fpt gfdsf a'l4hLjLsf] gfd kf] cfpg yfNof] t a]:;/ L < oL s:tf a'l4hLjL / }Ú5g\ xF <

sfsf M v} km'RrL < a'l4hLjL x'g\ ls a'4"hLjL x'g\ < d a"9f]n] t 5'6\ofpg} ;lsgF . o} sfFqmfhqf] g]kfn 5 . To} g]kfnnfO{ lg 6'qmfpg] / ] Û xf]nfg\ Sj} e'/ ]6fs'/ ] / fhf aGg vf]h]sf a'4"hLjL Û

km'r'ª\u|L M / fk|kf g]kfndf klg sdn yfkfn] ;tfP/ pgsf u'? kb\d;'Gb/ nfjtLn] …gofFzlQmÚ agfpg] 3f]if0ff u/ ]5g\ lg < loGn] lg afa'/ fd 8fS6/ ;fksf] l;sf] u/ ]sf t xf]nfg\ x}g <

sfsf M RoflkPsfx?n] wDsL lbg] Pp6f g Pp6f ;"q lgl:s/ xG5g\ km'RrL . t]/ f 8fS6/ afa'/ fdn] kl5Nnf]k6s …gofFzlQmÚ sf] ;"q lgsfn]sf 5g\ . To} ;"q t]/ f nfjtL c+snn] klg k|of]u ug{ vf]h]sf t xf]nfg\ lg .

km'r'ª\u|L M clg cfhef]ln g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / jL/ ansf] lvr8L Pp6} xf] eGg yflnPsf] 5 sfsf . of] aL/ ansf] lvr8L eg]sf] s] lg <

sfsf M pkm ÛÛÛ s]–s] ;f]W5] of] km'r'ª\u|L klg <<<ÛÛÛ

plxn] afh]sf] kfnfdf gfds rnlrqsf] 5fofª\sg ;Nofgdf eO/ x]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf v}/ fafª, s'lk08]bx, bfl/ dHo"nf, vn+uf, lkkng]6f, zf/ bf gbL cf;kf;sf ljleGg If]qdf 5fofª\sg ul/ / x]sf] lgdf{tf tyf gfos u0f]z a]Naf;]n] atfP . 5fofª\sgdf b'O{ ;o jif{ k'/ fgf kfFr j6f 3/ / w]/ }h;f] @))! ;fn j/ k/ sf 3/ x? k|of]u ul/ Psf] a]Njf;]n] atfP .

a]Njf;]sf cg';f/ k/ Dk/ fut snf ;+:s[ltnfO{ emNsfpg] d'Vo p2]Zodf rnlrq s]lGb|t 5 . rnlrqdf eb|k''/ k~rfot / bfªk'/ k~rfot b'O{ ufpF aLrdf kfgL / jgsf ljifodf åGå ePsf] j]Njf;]n] atfP .

/ fKtLsf ljleGg lhNnfdf / x]sf] ;+:s[lt rnlrqdf ;d]l6g] u0f]zn] atfP . …/ fKtLsf nf]s ;+:s[ltx? k};]?, 6Kkfnufotsf uLtg[Tob]lv n'tf] kmfNg], 5fpk8L k|yf, wg', wfdL emfFqmL, d]nf kj{x?nfO{ rnlrqdf ;d]6\g] k|of; u/ ]sf 5f}+Ú, j]Naf;]n] eg], …plxn] afh]sf] kfnfdf rnlrqdfkm{t\ u|fdL0f If]qsf] hghLjgsf d"NodfGotfx?nfO{ lnP/ Oltxf; sf]6\ofpFb}5f}+ .Ú ;d]l6Psf] 5 . rnlrqdf u0f]z j]Njf;]sf x]gL j/ }, of] dg yfDg} ;lsgF, gnfpm lu4] cfFvf / c?0fs'df/ zfxsf k};]?, l;+uf?, ;f]/ 7L uLt ;dfj]z ul/ Psf] 5 .

rnlrqsf] åGådf nf7L / d'Ssf k|of]u ePsf] / klxn] s;/ L Pscfk;df n8fOF x'GYof] eGg] b]vffpg vf]lhPsf] lgb]{zs a;Gt 3tL{du/ n] atfP . rnlrqn] ufpFdf kfgL, jgnufotsf ljifon] pTkGg u/ ]sf] ;d:of / ufpF–ufpFsf] åGåsf sf/ 0f t];|f] ufpFn] kmfObf lnPsf] ;Gb]z lbPsf] lgb]{zs 3tL{du/ n] atfP . rnlrqdf lah'nLsf tf/ , af6f]3f6f], h:tfkftfljxLg b[Zox? / x]sf] / krf; jif{ klxn]sf] dfgj hLjg rnlrqn] k|i6 kfg]{ gfos lblnk / fodfemLn] atfP . cfw'lgs åGå / x]sf rnlrqdf eGbf kf}/ fl0fssfnsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ lgs} s7Lg ePsf] ;d]t / fodfemLn] atfP .

hL kmfOe u|'k lb lkmNd;\ k|flnsf] Aofg/ df 5fofª\sg eO/ x]sf] lkmNdsf] lgb]{zs a;Gt

;flxTo / snfsf ljljw kÔdf ax; x'g] Pg;]n g]kfn ln6/ ]r/ km]l:6jn z'qmaf/ b]lv sf7df8f}+df ;'? ePsf] 5 . rf/ lbg;Dd rNg] km]l:6jnsf] ;flxTosf/ 8f= aflg/ f lu/ Ln] kfg;df aQL afn]/ pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] xf] .

sf7df8f}+sf] sdnfbLl:yt k|1f k|lti7fgdf z'? ePsf] km]l:6en g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o :t/ df k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/ Psf] cfof]hs a'sjd{ kmfpG8];gn] hgfPsf] 5 . km]l:6en ljutdf }́+ Pg;]n g]kfn k|flnn] k|fof]hg u/ ]sf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf ^ hgf ljb]zL;lxt g]kfnL ! ;o $) eGbf a9L n]vs÷;flxTosf/ / ;of}" snf cg'/ fuLx?sf] ;xeflutf / x]sf] cfof]hs a'sjd{ kmfpG8];gsf cWoÔ clht a/ fnn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf zzL y?/ -ef/ t_, km/ fx u'́ geL -a+unfb]z_, lt6;fgL bf]zL -a]nfot_, sfnf]{ lkHhf6L -O6nL_, a;/ t kL/ -ef/ t_ / xl/ tf]Èafn l;+x -ef/ t_ ;xfefuL x'g]5g\ . To:t} g]kfnL n]vs÷;flxTosf/

cle ;'j]bL, ;?eSt, t6f]of u'?ª, df]ldnf, ;/ :jtL k|ltÔf, k|lt;/ f ;fodL, o'j/ fh l3ld/ ], ljhos'df/ kf08], gog/ fh kf08], gf/ fo0f 9sfn, cd/ Gof}kfg], dg' dl~hn, 8f= / fh]Gb| ljdnnufot ;xefuL x'g]5g\ .

n]vs÷kf7ssf] k|ToÔ ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{, ;flxTosf] :t/ j[l4 ug]{ / g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ cGt/ f{li6«o ahf/ df ;d]t :yflkt ug]{ p2]Zon] km]l:6en cfof]hgf ul/ Psf] cfof]hsn] hgfPsf] 5 . dxf]T;j cfof]hs a'sjd{ kmfpG8];g ;flxTo ;]jf / k|j4{gdf h'6]sf] ;+:yf xf] . o;n] k':ts k|sfzg, 5nkmn tyf n]vg sfo{zfnfnufotsf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

sf7df08f}+df Pg;]n ln6/]r/ km]l:6jn z'?

k~rzlQm kL7sf] ?kdf ljZjf; ul/ g] v''ª\u|Lsf] lqk'/ ]Zj/ L eujtL dlGb/ wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtJo xf] . zlQmkL7sf] ?kdf ljZjf; ul/ b} cfPsf] lqk''/ f k|rf/ k|;f/ / k|j4{gfTds sfd x''g g;Sbf cem}+

cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] 5 . wfld{s ko{6sLo sf]0faf6 lqk''/ f lgs} k|l;4 eP klg ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg k''Ug g;Sbf phfu/ x''g g;s]sf] :yfgLo atfFp5g\ .

;To o''udf dxfb]jn] ;tLb]jLsf] d[t zl/ / af]s]/ ljZje|d0f ubf{ b]jLsf] 9f8 ktg ePsf] wfld{s u|Gydf pNn]v 5 . hxfF–hxfF b]jLsf] zl/ / ktg eof], ToxfF zlQmkL7x?sf] :yfkgf ePsf] wfld{s cu''jfx? atfpF5g\ . b]jLsf] klxnf] zl/ / sf] c+u u''x]Zj/ L / clGtd c+u ktg ;Nofgsf] 5fofIf]q ePsf] wfld{s ls+abGtLdf pNn]v 5 . lqk''/ fdf d]3n] tk:of u/ ]sf] wfld{s ljZjf; 5 . k'0oe"ldsf] ?kdf / x]sf lqk'/ ]Zj/ L eujtL dlGb/ Ps wfld{s uGtJo eP klg o;sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ x''g

g;s]sf] pgLx?sf] ts{ 5 .df08jL / n'ª\u|L gbLsf] ;+ud:yn

rt'e"{hsf] l;/ fgdf cjl:yt lqk"/ fsf] k'hfcfhf ug{] rng ;of}+ jif{b]lv x'Fb} cfPsf] atfOG5 . ljz]ifu/ L a8fb;}+sf] ci6dL / r}t] b;}+sf] ci6dLsf] lbg oxfF 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] ub{5 . ljz]if k"hfsf a]nf kfFr ;o a9L af]sfsf] aln lbg] k|rng 5 . sf7df08f}+, g]kfnu~h, s}nfnL, alb{of, afUn'ª, u''NdL, c3f{vfFrL, bfª, Ko"7fgnufotsf :yfgaf6 b]jLsf] bz{g ug{ cfpg] u/ ]sf] :yfgLon] atfPsf 5g\ . b]jLsf] bz{g ug{ l5d]sL d'n's ef/ taf6 klg cfpg] ub{5g\ .

lqk'/ ]Zj/ L b]jL v'zL eP dgf]sf+Iff k"/ f x''g] :yfgLo clhtf l;+xn] atfOg\ . oltdfq xf]Og, lgM;Gtfg ePsfx?n] b]jLsf] bz{g u/ ] ;Gtfg k|flKt x''g] hgljZjf; / x]sf] 5 . k'0oe"ld / x]sf] lqk'/ ]Zj/ L eujtL k~rzlQmsf] ?kdf ljZjf; ul/ g] pgn] atfOg\ .

/ f]Nkfsf] v'ª\u|L– @ df kg{] lqk'''/ ]Zj/ L eujtL dlGb/ b''uf{ eujtLsf] zlQmkL7sf] ?kdf ljZjf; ul/ G5 . bfªsf] efn''afªb]lv wfld{s cf:yfsf] s]Gb| lqk''/ ]Zj/ L b]jL eujtL dlGb/ k''Ug em08} &) lsnf]ld6/ sf] ;8s b"/ L kf/ ug{''k5{ . cf]6fl;n ;8sdf x''FOlsb}

ltyf{n''x? b]jLsf] bz{g ug{ k''Ug ;S5g\ . k|l;4 :ju{åf/ Lsf] k|j]zåf/ leª\u|L ahf/ b]lv cf7 lsnf]ld6/ b"/ Ldf kb{5 lqk''/ ]Zj/ L . / f]Nkf ;b/ d''sfdb]lv #* lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f kb{5 lqk''/ ]Zj/ L dlGb/ . df08jL / n''+u|L gbLsf] ;+ud:yndf / x]sf] lqk''/ f k|fs[lts cfgGb lng ;lsg] :yfg klg xf] . gbLdf :gfg ul/ b]jLsf] bz{g u/ ] k'0o k|flKt x''g] a"9fkfsfx? atfpF5g\ .

lj=;+= @)$* ;fnb]lv :yfgLosf] g]t[Tjdf dlGb/ Joj:yfkg tyf k|j4{gsf] sfd x''Fb} cfPsf] 5 . oBlk xfn;Dd s;}sf] Wofg k''Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/ s p8\8og dGqfnon] kL7sf] k|j4{g ug{ b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF cfly{s ;xof]u u/ ]sf] :yfgLo o'jf sdn ef/ tLn] hfgsf/ L lbP . cGo lgsfox?af6 vf;} kxn x''g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf] ljsf;sf] nflu s;}sf] Wofg k''Ug g;Sbf k'0oe"ld lqk'/ f cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] ef/ tLn] atfP . oBlk kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf lqk'/ fsf nflu / fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf 8f= uf]ljGb|k|;fb kf]v|]n / ;lrj e/ t ;''j]bLn] ;xof]u ug{] cfZjf;g lbPsf] ef/ tLn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

jflif{s bz nfv cfDbfgL eP klg dlGb/ Joj:yfkg, k"jf{wf/ tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ sf] nflu kof{Kt gx''g] ef/ tLn] atfP . Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLosf] s]xL kxn eP klg :yfgLo lgsfo lhlj; / uflj;n] yk kxn yfNg''kg{] pgsf] egfO 5 . lhNnfsf] ko{6g

3tL{du/ n] u/ ]sf 5g\ eg] åGå lgb]{zg e/ t If]qLn] u/ ]sf 5g\ . u0f]z a]Njf;]sf] syf tyf k6syf / x]sf] rnlrqdf gfos lblnk / fodfemL, do' lh/ ]n, u0f]z j]Naf;] / x]sf 5g\ eg] gflosf v'Za' v8\sf, ;kgf / f]sf, sljtf yfkf / x]sf 5g\ . To:t}, vngfos / ljGb| cfrfo{, lnnf ljs, s6'jfnsf] e"ldsfdf sdn ufpFn] / jgkfn] lgdaxfb'/ k'g / x]sf 5g\ . rnrlqndf bfªk'/ k~rfotsf] d'lvof gjLg >]i7 / eb|k'/ k~rfotsf] k~rsf] e"ldsf / fh]Gb|n] lgefPsf 5g\ .

c;f]h !% ;Dddf 5fofª\sg ;lsg] rnlrq cfufdL kmfu'g;Dd l/ lnh ul/ g] lgdf{0f o'lg6n] atfPsf] 5 . @% nfvsf] nfutdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ul/ ;Sg] of]hgf / x] klg sfd ub}{ hfFbf #% nfv vr{ eO;s]sf] gfos tyf lgdf{tf u0f]z a]Njf;]n] atfP .

k|:t'lt M k|tLs OR5's zdf{

u''?of]hgfdf wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtJo lqk''/ ]Zj/ LnfO{ klg ;dflxt ug{''kg]{ pgsf] dfu 5 . u''?of]hgfdf ;dflxt eP lqk'/ ]Zj/ Lsf] k|j4{g x''g ;Sg] ef/ tLn] cfzf JoQm u/ ] .

ptf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / f]Nkfsf ko{6g kmf]snk;{g bLk]Gb| l8;Ln] lhNnfsf] ko{6g of]hgfdf lqk''/ ]Zj/ L klg ;dflxt x''g] atfP . …lqk'/ f Ps wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtJo xf], oBlk o;sf] k|j4{g ug{ ah]6 cefjn] k""0f{ x''g ;s]sf] 5}gÚ, pgn] eg], …lqk'/ ]Zj/ Lsf] k"jf{wf/ tyf k|j4{gsf nflu lhlj; nfluk/ ]sf] 5 .Ú ;Gof;Lx? d"nk"hf/ L / xg] lqk'/ fdf r}t] b;}+ / a8fb;}+df 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] ub{5 . d]nf eg{ aflx/ L lhNnfx?af6 klg cfpg] ub{5g\ . ko{6sx?sf nflu ;''/ Iff, cfjf;, kfgLnufotsf ;a} ;''ljwf kfOG5 v''+u|Ldf . v''+u|Lsf] ;''Gb/ kmfF6 clg z/ b Ct'' / a;Gt Ct''df nfUg] b;}+ d]nfn] e|d0fstf{x?nfO{ lgs} cfgGb lbg] ub{5 . wfld{s lx;fan] dfq xf]Og k|s[lt;Fu / dfpg rfxg] ko{6ssf nflu klg lqk''/ ]Zj/ L eujtL dlGb/ plrt uGtJo ePsf] hfgsf/ x? atfpF5g\ .

v''+u|L uflj;df cjl:yt lqk'/ fsf] glhs} df08jL gbLdf !$ d]3fjf6sf] df8L xfO8«f]kfj/ klg lgdf{0f x''g] ePsf] 5 . xfO8«f]kfj/ / fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] / ftf] lstfadf r9]sf] 5 . xfO8«f]kfj/ lgdf{0f ePkl5 dfgjlgld{t ko{6sLo uGtJon] lqk'/ fsf] dxTjnfO{ yk a9fjf lbg] ko{6g hfgsf/ x? atfpF5g\ .