२०७१ असोज २९ गते बुधबार
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rf8kj{sf a]nf cfkmGtsxfF hfFbf / a|t tyf k"hfkf7df k|of]uul/g] kmnkm"nsf] dfu ahf/df a9]kl5 olta]nf Jofkf/LnfO{ kmnkm"na]Rg EofOgEofO 5 . t/ ToxL rf]vf] / :j:ys/ eg]/ pkef]u ul/g]kmnkm"nx?df s8f ljiffbLsf] k|of]u x'g yfn]sf va/x? aflx/cfO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] ahf/df cTolws ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/Jofkf/Lx?n] kmnkm"n laqmL ul//x]sf e]l6G5g\ . kmnkm"n Jofkf/Lx?n]s]/f, d]jfh:tf j:t' ksfpg Oyf]kf]g / lqmkf]gh:tf ljiffbLsf]k|of]u ug'{n] pgLx? pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yok|lt v]njf8 ul//x]sf 5g\eGg] tYo v'N5 . Jofkf/Lx?n] kmnkm"n ksfpgsf nflu k|of]u ug{]ljiffbLn] dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf uDeL/ c;/ kfg{] s'/f lrlsT;sx?n]atfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . kmnkm"nsf] laqmL ug]{ gfddf dfG5]sf] :jf:Yodfc;/ k'¥ofpg] tL 3fts ljiffbLsf] k|of]udf /f]s gnufOg] xf] eg]xfdLn] kmnkm"n;Fu} b}lgs ljif ;]jg u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ d[To'sf] glhsk'¥ofO/x]sf x'g]5f}+ . o:tf] ;+j]bgzLn s'/fk|lt ;DalGwt lgsfo /k|zf;gsf] Wofg gk'Ug' / k'u] klg lgoGq0f gug'{nfO{ uDeL/ ljifodfGg'k5{ .
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g]kfndf ljut ^) jif{b]lv cEof;ul/+b} cfPsf] zf;sLo k|0ffnLdf b]lvg]vfnsf] kl/jt{g ug]{ xf] eg] / ;du|ljsf;sf nflu /fhgLlts :yfloTjsfod ug]{ xf] eg] cfd g]kfnLgful/saf6 sfo{sf/L k|d'v k|ToIf?kdflgjf{lrt ug]{ k2lt ;a}eGbf pQdx'G5 . o;af6 s'g} kf6L{ljz]ifdfgafFlwPsf] ;Ifd tyf nf]slk|o g]kfnLgful/sn] klg sfo{sf/L k|d'v eP/b]znfO{ xfFSg] df}sf kfpF5 . b]zel/sfaflnu gful/sn] b]zsf] sfo{sf/Lk|d'v k|ToIf lgjf{lrt ug]{ k|0ffnL;a}eGbf nf]stflGqs k2lt xf] .
lgjf{rg d08ndfkm{t\ cyjf;bgdfkm{t\ lgjf{lrt ug]{ k2ltn]hgtfsf] jf:tljs k|ltlglwTj gug{;S5 . gu/]sf k|z:t pbfx/0f 5g\ .To;}n] t g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+;bLoJoj:yflj?4 cfqmf]z kf]Vg] u/]sf5g\ . b]z ;+3Lotfdf hfg] lglZrtePsf]n] ;+3Lo k|b]zx?nfO{ Pstfa4ug{sf nflu / ;a} k|b]zsf hgtfsf];femf g]t[Tj ljsf; ug{sf nflu klgsfo{sf/L k|d'v k|ToIf lgjf{lrt ug'{cfjZos 5 . zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf]l;4fGtnfO{ ;xL 9+un] nfu" ug]{ xf] eg]klg sfo{kflnsfnfO{ Joj:yflksfsf]s7k'tnL agfpg] ;+;bLo Joj:yfpko'{Qm 5}g .
Pdfcf]jfbLn] k|:tfj u/]sf] k|ToIflgjf{lrt /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL ;a}eGbfpQd ljsNk xf] . t/, o;sf lj/f]wLx?/fi6«klt lg/+s'z aGg;S5g\ eGg] ts{u5{g\ . t/, of] hlt ;+ej 5 Tolt g}c;+ej 5 . sfo{kflnsfdflyJoj:yflksfaf6 ;Gt'ng ug]{ k|fjwfg;+ljwfgdf clgjfo{ x'g]5 . b'O{ ltxfOax'dtaf6 Joj:yflksfn] /fi6«kltdflycleof]u nufpg ;S5 . /fi6«klt
lg/+s'z aGg yfn] eg] hgtfn];8saf6 va/bf/L ug{ ;S5g\ . s'g}klg lg/+s'z zf;ssf lj?4 ;+3if{ /ljb|f]x ug]{ clwsf/ s'g} ;+ljwfg /sfg'gn] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . ;+rf/dfWodtyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] klgg]kfndf ca s'g} klg lgjf{lrt g]tflg/+s'z aGg] cj:yf cfpg nueuc;+ej 5 . sfo{kflnsf /Joj:yflksfdf km/s–km/s bnsf]g]t[Tj x'g] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt u/]/ klgo:tf] vt/f 6fg{ ;lsG5 . lg/+s'ztf/ tfgfzfxL cEof; h'g;'s}Joj:yfdf klg x'g;S5 . a]nfotdfdfu{/]6 Yofr/ / ef/tdf OlGb/fufGwLsf] zf;gsfn klg s'g}lg/+s'ztGq eGbf sd lyPg .
;+ljwfg;efsf] bf];|f] lgjf{rgdfdfcf]jfbLn] 7"nf] k/fho Joxf]/]kl5k|ToIf lgjf{lrt x'g] /fi6«ktLok|0ffnLsf] ;+efjgf cGTo ePsf] 5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrtk|wfgdGqL / ;bgaf6 lgjf{lrt/fi6«klt /xg] k|0ffnL ldnglaGb"x'g;SYof] . t/, Pdfn]n] cfˆgf]c8fg 5f]8]/ sf+u|];n] k|:tfj u/]sf];+;bLo Joj:yfd} hfg] cgf}krfl/slg0f{on] g]kfndf ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]lg/Gt/tf x'g] ;+efjgf alnof]b]lvG5 . o;f] x'g uof] eg] g]kfndfkm]l/ klg /fhgLlts cl:y/tf hf/L/xG5 . ljZjel/ g} of] cEof;cl:y/tfsf] kof{o ePsf] 5 .a]nfotd} s]xL ;docl3 of]k|0ffnLsf af/]df k'glj{rf/ ug'{kg]{ax; ePsf] lyof] . hfkfgdfbzsf}+b]lv cl:y/tf 5 . tL b]zx?df/fHosf ;a} ;+oGq Jojl:yt ePsf]n]/fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] vf;} k|efjkfb}{g . t/, g]kfnh:tf] s'g} ;+oGq;+:yfut x'g g;s]sf] b]zdf of]Joj:yf ckmfkl;4 x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ljutsf] cg'ej /ljleGg b]zsf] cEof;n] klg sfo{sf/Lk|d'v k|ToIf lgjf{lrt ug]{,dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:o ;bgaflx/af6lgo'Qm ug]{ k|0ffnL pko'{Qm b]lvG5 .o;f] ePdf lgjf{rgsf a]nf x'g] ljs[lt/f]Sg klg d2t ldN5 . dGqL aGg]nf]edf ;bgsf] ;b:osf nflu x'g]lgjf{rg c:j:y x'g] u/]sf] 5 .;f+;bx?sf] Wofg s]jn ;/sf/ lu/fpg]/ agfpg]df hfg] u/]sf] 5 . ;f+;bx?sf]lsga]rsf] v]n;Dd eP g]kfnd} .;bgaflx/af6 dGqL lgo'Qm ubf{Psflt/ ;f+;bx? ljwfosL sfddfk"0f{?kdf nfUg kfpF5g\ eg] csf]{lt/dGqLx? sfo{kflnsfsf] sfddf .Joj:yflksf / sfo{kflnsfaLr …r]sPG8 Jofn]G;Ú x'G5 . l:y/tf /;d[l4sf] hgOR5fsf nflu klgsfo{sf/L k|d'v k|ToIf lgjf{lrt ug'{pQd x'G5 . jt{dfg zlQm;Gt'ng x]bf{,k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL / ;bgaf6lgjf{lrt /fi6«klt ;a}sf] ldnglaGb"x'g;S5, x'g'k5{ .w
jt{dfg zlQm;Gt'ng x]bf{, k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL /;bgaf6 lgjf{lrt /fi6«klt ;a}sf] ldnglaGb" x'g;S5 .
bLks ;fksf]6f
Yadab Devkota@gaunkomanchheyof t d'hflxl2gsf] gSsnL cfj/0fdf g]kfnsf pRr g]tfsf] xTof ul/“b}5,cGoyf ;'/Ôf vt/f b]vfP/ ljdfg:yndf ;'/Ôf pkl:ylt hgfpg rfxG5 ef/t .
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a'waf/ @( c;f]h @)&!# s'/fsfgL
s[ifsx?Jofj;flos s[liftkm{
cfslif{t x'“b}5g\
l l l l l lhNnfsf] s[lifsf] cj:yfsf]lhNnfsf] s[lifsf] cj:yfsf]lhNnfsf] s[lifsf] cj:yfsf]lhNnfsf] s[lifsf] cj:yfsf]lhNnfsf] s[lifsf] cj:yfsf]af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <
s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; lagf/fi6«sf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf; k|foMc;Dej ePsf]n] o; If]qsf]ljsf;åf/f u}/ s[lif If]qsf] ;d]tljsf; Pjd\ /f]huf/L / cfosfcj;/x? j[l4 u/L u|fdL0f If]qdfJofKt ul/aL 36fpg'kg]{ tYo;j{ljlbt} 5. pRr cfly{s j[l4b/xfFl;n ug{sf nflu 7f]; of]ubfgk'¥ofpg ;Sg] s[lif j:t'x?sf]pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{, pknAw ;|f]tPjd\ ;fwgx?sf] oyf]lrt pkof]ux'g h?/L 5 .
bfª lhNnfdf s[lifsf]cj:yfsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ljuteGbf clxn] Jofj;flos?kdf hfg'k5{ eGg] cjwf/0ffsf]ljsf; ePsf] 5 . k|foM lbgx'Fh;f]s[lif kmd{ btf{ ub}{5f}+, s] ug'{k5{k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm x'G5ls x'Fb}g ;/;Nnfx lbg'k¥of] eGb}sfof{nodf cfpg] s[ifsx?sf];+Vof a9\bf] 5 . lhNnfdf vf;u/Ldf5f, dfx'/L, t/sf/L, Rofp,vfBfGg tyf d;'/f]sf] aLppTkfbgsf ;fy} s'v'/f, a+u'/,afv|fkfng Joj;fo kmi6fpFb} uPsf]5 .
l l l l l s[lifsf nflu ;/sf/n] s]s[lifsf nflu ;/sf/n] s]s[lifsf nflu ;/sf/n] s]s[lifsf nflu ;/sf/n] s]s[lifsf nflu ;/sf/n] s]s:tf gofF sfo{qmdx? NofPsf] 5s:tf gofF sfo{qmdx? NofPsf] 5s:tf gofF sfo{qmdx? NofPsf] 5s:tf gofF sfo{qmdx? NofPsf] 5s:tf gofF sfo{qmdx? NofPsf] 5lg <lg <lg <lg <lg <
lhNnfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ks]6If]qx?df s[lif k|;f/sf sfo{qmdx?;~rfngdf cfO/x]sf 5g\ . gofFsfo{qmd eGgfn] ut jif{b]lvcleofgd'vL dT:o ljsf; sfo{qmd;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/Lcleofgd'vL ds}, e6df;sfo{qmd, cleofgd'vL d;'/f]pTkfbg sfo{qmd, cleofgd'vL tf]/LpTkfbg sfo{qmd / o; jif{cleofgd'vL wfg tyf t/sf/LpTkfbg sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] 5 .;fgf l;+rfO ;xsf/L v]tLdfcfwfl/t l;+rfO, ;xsf/L v]tL:sLd sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf]5 . To;}u/L s]xL 7"nf l;+rfO
s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, bfªsf s[lif k|;f/ clws[t e/tdl0f kf]v|]n e/tdl0f kf]v|]n e/tdl0f kf]v|]n e/tdl0f kf]v|]n e/tdl0f kf]v|]n lhNnfdf lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLeGbf s[ifsx? Jofj;flos s[lif k|0ffnLdfnflu;s]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . lhNnfdf vf;u/L df5f, dfx'/L, t/sf/L, Rofp, vfBfGg tyf d;'/f]sf] aLp pTkfbgsf ;fy} s'v'/f, a+u'/,afv|fkfng Joj;fo kmi6fpFb} uPsf] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] ultljlw, sfo{qmdx?, s[lif If]qsf]cj:yf nufosf ljifodf s]]lGb|t eP/ kf]v|]n;Fu ul/Psf] ;+lIfKt s'/fsfgL . –;Dkfbs
cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qleqPsLs[t afnL tyf hn Joj:yfkgsfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .ut jif{b]lv s[lif afnL ljdfsf]sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5 . Ps ufpFPs pTkfbg -OVOP_ sfo{qmd eg]Jofj;flos ls6 ljsf; sfo{qmdklg cfpg] qmddf 5 .
df6f]sf] ef}lts cj:yf lau|b}uO/x]sf]n] esf/f] ;'wf/, ux'Ft;+sng sfo{qmdsf ;fy} s[lifsfoflGqs/0fsf sfo{qmdx? klg;~rfngdf cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
l l l l l s[lif If]qcGtu{t clxn]s[lif If]qcGtu{t clxn]s[lif If]qcGtu{t clxn]s[lif If]qcGtu{t clxn]s[lif If]qcGtu{t clxn]lhNnfdf s'g–s'g pTkfbglhNnfdf s'g–s'g pTkfbglhNnfdf s'g–s'g pTkfbglhNnfdf s'g–s'g pTkfbglhNnfdf s'g–s'g pTkfbgcfTdlge{/ ag]sf] cj:yf 5 <cfTdlge{/ ag]sf] cj:yf 5 <cfTdlge{/ ag]sf] cj:yf 5 <cfTdlge{/ ag]sf] cj:yf 5 <cfTdlge{/ ag]sf] cj:yf 5 <
vfBfGg afnLdf xfdL cfTdlge{/5f}+ . t/sf/L l;hgcg'?k lhNnfaflx/ klg hfG5 / lhNnf aflx/af6klg cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . dxdf klgo; lhNnf cfTdlge{/ 5 .
l l l l l lhNnfdf s'g Joj;fo /fd|f];FulhNnfdf s'g Joj;fo /fd|f];FulhNnfdf s'g Joj;fo /fd|f];FulhNnfdf s'g Joj;fo /fd|f];FulhNnfdf s'g Joj;fo /fd|f];Fukm:6fO/x]sf] 5 lg <km:6fO/x]sf] 5 lg <km:6fO/x]sf] 5 lg <km:6fO/x]sf] 5 lg <km:6fO/x]sf] 5 lg <
d}n] cufl8 klg elg;s]+ .vf;u/L vfBfGg afnL, aLppTkfbg, dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo,
df};dL tyf a]df};dL t/sf/LpTkfbg, 6df6/, dT:o kfngJoj;fo, Rofp v]tL / kmnkm"nv]tL -s]/f, cgf/, cfFk, sfutL_Joj;fox? lhNnfdf km:6fpFb}uO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
l l l l l lhNnfdf s[lif If]qsf]lhNnfdf s[lif If]qsf]lhNnfdf s[lif If]qsf]lhNnfdf s[lif If]qsf]lhNnfdf s[lif If]qsf]Jofj;foLs/0fsf d'Vo r'gf}ltx?Jofj;foLs/0fsf d'Vo r'gf}ltx?Jofj;foLs/0fsf d'Vo r'gf}ltx?Jofj;foLs/0fsf d'Vo r'gf}ltx?Jofj;foLs/0fsf d'Vo r'gf}ltx?s]–s] x'g\ <s]–s] x'g\ <s]–s] x'g\ <s]–s] x'g\ <s]–s] x'g\ <
s[ifsx?df lgjf{xd'vLeGbfJofj;flos?kdf hfg'k5{ eGg] ;f]+rPjd\ r]tgfsf] ljsf; x'g h?/L5 . s[lif ljsf; sfof{no PSn}n]s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g . ;/sf/L,u}/;sf/L, lghL If]q /;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] plQs} dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf /xG5 .
vf;u/L s[lifsf]Joj;foLs/0fdf u'0f:t/o'StpTkfbg, ahf/Ls/0f, l;+rfO ;'ljwfgx'g', k|fljlws 1fgsf] sdLh:tfr'gf}ltx? /x]sf 5g\ . To:t},d'VotM o; lhNnfsf lghL If]qs[lifhGo pBf]utkm{ cfslif{t gx'g',To;}u/L o'jf hgzlSt ljb]zknfog x'g' klg s[lifsf]Joj;flos/0fsfr'gf}ltx? x'g\ .
l l l l l s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6s[ifsx?n] kfpg] cfjZoss[ifsx?n] kfpg] cfjZoss[ifsx?n] kfpg] cfjZoss[ifsx?n] kfpg] cfjZoss[ifsx?n] kfpg] cfjZos;"rgfx? gkfO/fv]sf] u'gf;f] klg;"rgfx? gkfO/fv]sf] u'gf;f] klg;"rgfx? gkfO/fv]sf] u'gf;f] klg;"rgfx? gkfO/fv]sf] u'gf;f] klg;"rgfx? gkfO/fv]sf] u'gf;f] klg;'lgG5, s] sfof{no /;'lgG5, s] sfof{no /;'lgG5, s] sfof{no /;'lgG5, s] sfof{no /;'lgG5, s] sfof{no /;]jfu|fxLaLrsf] ;DaGw k|uf9 x'g;]jfu|fxLaLrsf] ;DaGw k|uf9 x'g;]jfu|fxLaLrsf] ;DaGw k|uf9 x'g;]jfu|fxLaLrsf] ;DaGw k|uf9 x'g;]jfu|fxLaLrsf] ;DaGw k|uf9 x'gg;s]sf] xf] <g;s]sf] xf] <g;s]sf] xf] <g;s]sf] xf] <g;s]sf] xf] <
To;f] xf]Og, s[ifs / s[lifljsf; sfof{noaLr k|uf9 ;DaGw5 . o; lhNnfdf lhNnf s[lifljsf; sfof{no nufot rf/ j6fs[lif ;]jfs]Gb| / b'O{ j6f s[lif;Dks{ :yndfkm{t\ s[ifsx?nfO{;]jf lbg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .hxfF;Dd ;"rgf gkfPsf]u'gf;f]sf]s'/f 5, xfdLn] clwstd;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf5f}+ . :yfgLo kqklqsf, PkmPd/]l8of], /]l8of] s[lif sfo{qmd,uflj;x?sf ;fy} ;]jfs]Gb|x?dfkm{t\kqfrf/ u/L ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ sfdeO/x]sf] / lhNnf s[lif ljsf;sfof{nodf ;"rgf dfUg cfPdf lbg;lsg] ;"rgf lbO/x]sf 5f}+ . ;"rgfclwsf/L :jod\ d g} x'F . ;"rgfkfOPg egL d}n] u'gf;f] ;'g]sf] 5}g .
l l l l l lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nolhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nolhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nolhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nolhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodftxtdf clxn] sltj6fdftxtdf clxn] sltj6fdftxtdf clxn] sltj6fdftxtdf clxn] sltj6fdftxtdf clxn] sltj6fzfvfx? /x]sf 5g\ / ltgn]zfvfx? /x]sf 5g\ / ltgn]zfvfx? /x]sf 5g\ / ltgn]zfvfx? /x]sf 5g\ / ltgn]zfvfx? /x]sf 5g\ / ltgn]
k|foM lbgx'Fh;f] s[lif kmd{ btf{ ub}{5f}+, s] ug'{k5{ k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn]pko'Qm x'G5 ls x'Fb}g ;/;Nnfx lbg'k¥of] eGb} sfof{nodf cfpg] s[ifsx?sf];+Vof a9\bf] 5 . lhNnfdf vf;u/L df5f, dfx'/L, t/sf/L, Rofp, vfBfGgtyf d;'/f]sf] aLp pTkfbgsf ;fy} s'v'/f, a+u'/, afv|fkfng Joj;fokmi6fpFb} uPsf] 5 .– – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
df6f]sf] ef}lts cj:yf lau|b} uO/x]sf]n] esf/f] ;'wf/, ux'Ft ;+sng sfo{qmdsf;fy} s[lifsf oflGqs/0fsf sfo{qmdx? klg ;~rfngdf cfO/x]sf 5g\ .– – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
vf;u/L s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0fdf u'0f:t/o'St pTkfbg, ahf/Ls/0f,l;+rfO ;'ljwf gx'g', k|fljlws 1fgsf] sdLh:tf r'gf}ltx? /x]sf 5g\ .– – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
s'g}–s'g} ;xsf/L cToGt ;lqmo 5g\ . aLp pTkfbg, k|dfl0fs/0f,Kofs]lhª, u|]l8ª, n]jlnª;d]t u/L lhNnf leq / aflx/ aLp ;KnfOul//x]sf 5g\ eg] w]/}h;f] s[lif ;xsf/Lx? dnvfb laqmL ljt/0f u/Ls[ifsx?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ .
e/tdl0f kf]v|]n -s[lif k|;f/ clws[t_
s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, bfª
s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <
lhNnf s[lif ljsf;sfof{nocGtu{t Ps hgf jl/i7s[lif ljsf; clws[t /xG5 eg]cGo k|fljlws tyf k|zf;lgs u/L( j6f zfvfx? 5g\ . h;dWo]s[lif k|;f/ zfvf, afnL ljsf;,afnL ;+/If0f, df6f] Joj:yfkg,dT:o ljsf;, afujfgL, of]hgf,n]vf / k|zf;g zfvf /x]sf 5g\ .;a} zfvfx?n] cfkm\gf] zfvfdfkm{t\ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L, lgod sfg'g,ljefuLo lgb]{zg, sfo{ljlwsf]kl/lwleq /xL sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .rf/ j6f ;]jfs]Gb| / b'O6f s[lif;Dks{ :ynaf6 ;d]t cfkm"nfO{;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L cg';f/sfsfdx? ul//x]sf 5g\ .
l l l l l lhNnfdf s] slt ;+Vofdf s[liflhNnfdf s] slt ;+Vofdf s[liflhNnfdf s] slt ;+Vofdf s[liflhNnfdf s] slt ;+Vofdf s[liflhNnfdf s] slt ;+Vofdf s[lif;xsf/Lx? lqmofzLn 5g\ /;xsf/Lx? lqmofzLn 5g\ /;xsf/Lx? lqmofzLn 5g\ /;xsf/Lx? lqmofzLn 5g\ /;xsf/Lx? lqmofzLn 5g\ /ltgsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <ltgsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <ltgsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <ltgsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <ltgsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <
lhNnfdf ljleGg afnLut s[ifs;d"x * ;o @& j6f lqmofzLn 5geg] s[lif ;xsf/Ldfq # ;o $( j6f5g\ . w]/}h;f] s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmdx?s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/Ldfkm{t\ ;~rfngx'Fb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . s[lif ;xsf/L;a}sf] k"jf{wf/ cem} aGg ;s]sf]5}g . s'g}–s'g} ;xsf/L cToGt;lqmo 5g\ . aLp pTkfbg,k|dfl0fs/0f, Kofs]lhª, u|]l8ª,n]jlnª;d]t u/L lhNnf leq /aflx/ aLp ;KnfO ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]w]/}h;f] s[lif ;xsf/Lx? dnvfblaqmL ljt/0f u/L s[ifsx?nfO{ ;]jfk'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . ljut s]xLjif{b]lv ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'Fb}uO/x]sf] 5 .
l l l l l s[lif k];fdf cfa4 ls;fgnfO{s[lif k];fdf cfa4 ls;fgnfO{s[lif k];fdf cfa4 ls;fgnfO{s[lif k];fdf cfa4 ls;fgnfO{s[lif k];fdf cfa4 ls;fgnfO{s[lifd} cfTdlge{/ aGgsf nflu s]s[lifd} cfTdlge{/ aGgsf nflu s]s[lifd} cfTdlge{/ aGgsf nflu s]s[lifd} cfTdlge{/ aGgsf nflu s]s[lifd} cfTdlge{/ aGgsf nflu s]ug'{kg]{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <ug'{kg]{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <ug'{kg]{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <ug'{kg]{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <ug'{kg]{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <
s[lif d"No:ro hLjgd\ eGg]plQmnfO{ cfTd;fy u/L lgjf{xd'vLs[lif k4ltaf6 Jofj;flos s[liftkm{pGd'v x'g ;a} s[lif k];fdf ;+nUgs[ifs ;d'bfodf xflb{s cg'/f]wub{5' .w
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sfG5Lsf]k;nsfsfs'n dgx?÷Jofs'n tgx?t[lift cf]+7x?÷ljrlnt cfFvfx?;a}–;a} 3'OFrf]aLrsf] c:tJo:t rf]sdf5ftL yflk/x]sf] ;fF3'/f] sf]7f– sfG5Lsf] k;n .
k;n g} sfG5L x'g\ ofsfG5L g} k;n <d]l;g g} sfG5L x'g\ ofsfG5L g} d]l;g <af]s]/ ckl/eflift hLjg8l6/xlG5g\ sfG5Lcfˆgf] ;'gf}nf] lhhLljiffsf] vf]hLdf .
sfG5L gofF sk8f l;nfpFl5g\t/ gofF hLjg agfpg hflGbgg\sfG5L kmf6]sf sk8f l;nfpFl5g\t/ kmf6]sf dg l;nfpg ;lSbgg\sfG5L sfl6Psf 6fnfsf 6'qmf hf]8\l5g\t/ 6'lqmPsf efjgf hf]8\g ;lSbgg\sfG5L c? s;}sf pkxf/df km"na'§f eg{ ;lS5g\t/ cfˆg} lhGbuLsf a'§fdf /+u eg{ ;lSbgg\lhGbuL lhpg] ;Demf}tfdflajz sfG5Lc?sf OHht / a}ej km'nfpgtof/ kfl5{g\, gofF–gofF km]zgsf l8hfOgx?t/ cfˆg} b'MvL lhGbuLdfbldt ;kgfsf l8hfOg e]6fO/x]sL 5}gg\ .
pgsf kfOnf rndnfpF5g\ d]l;gdf ha5tLleq …kf;fª Nxfd'Ú d':s'/fpF5]/, s'g} l;sf? lrqsf/sf] dxTjfsf+Iffem}+pT;flxt sfG5Lsf] dgn]st{Jokysf wfuf]x?;Fur~rn efjgfsf ufF7f]x? s;]/dgsf] lzv/ r9\g] c;kmn oTg ul5{g\pgsf cf}+nfx? ;NanfpF5g\ sk8fdfly hacfFvfsf] gfgLd} …ˆnf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]nÚ cfO a:5]/, s'g} g;{sf ljBfyL{em}+hfu?s sfG5Lsf] w}o{tfn]3fOt] lakgfsf pkrf/ ug]{ c;kmn oTg ul5{g\c/fhs l;of]x?n] 3f]r'g\of ckdfgsf wfuf]x?n] a]?g\cyjf Oiof{sf /+ux?n] 5\ofk'g\of 8fxsf w"gx?n] luHofpmg\clsl~rt sfG5Lg}lts d"Nosf]] andfcfw'lgs l8hfOgsf a:qx? l;nfpFl5g\/, ;Gt'li6n] k/]nLsf] ysfg nfpFl5g\ .
dL7f] lgb|fsf] k'n x'Fb} sfG5L;kgfsf] :j0f{ ;+;f/df k'lU5g\hxfF, jif]{ofdsf] ;Kt/+uL OGb|wg'ifem}+PsLs[t ePsf x'G5g\–vl08t dgx?÷ljeflht ljrf/x?hxfF, ;+/lIft au}+rfsf km"nx?em}+;';lHht ePsf x'G5g\–:vlnt efjgfx?÷k|tfl8t hLjgx?ha sfG5L em:s]/ Ao"FemlG5g\/ Ao"Fem]/ emg} em:slG5g\s'g} b]xJofkf/sL ;'/f;'Gb/Lem}+lxhf] lgld{t a:qn] sfG5LnfO{ 5f8]/sf]xL wgf9\osf OHht ;hfO/x]sf] x'G5sfG5Lsf] lal:dt ofd kms{G5 k"j{jt\/, pgsf] 9f]sfdf cefjx?n] 3R3Rofpg yfN5g\s'g} la/f]w;efdf hfg] dfG5]sf n:s/h:t}lajztfsf h'n';n] sfG5Lsf] cfTdf 3]l/G5afWotfsf ;'gfdLn] sfG5Lsf] cfFvf 3]l/G5h;nfO{ zfGt kfg{sfG5L ;vf/} pxL k;n p3fl5{g\ .
sfsfs'n dgx?÷Jofs'n tgx?t[lift cf]+7x?÷ljrlnt cfFvfx?;a}–;a} 3'OFrf]aLrsf] c:tJo:t rf]sdf5ftL yflk/x]sf] ;fF3'/f] sf]7f– sfG5Lsf] k;n .
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k"j{k|]ldsfsf] kmf]6f]sl/a !%jif{kl5 km];a's]leQfdf d]/f]dl:tisnfO{em8\sf lbb}6'k'lNsof] .?dfgL;Demgfx?PsPs ub}{cfFvf cl3
pleP . pm d]/L k|]ldsf lyO lsgls d]/f]cfTdfn] p;nfO{ Pp6L k|]ldsfsf ?kdf u|x0ful/;s]sf] lyof] . s}of}+kN6 d}n] p;nfO{;kgfdf b]v]+ . p;nfO{ ;Dem]/ PsfGtdf PSn}d':s'/fPF . Psflt/ cf]7 d':s'/fO/x]sf x'Gy]csf{lt/ cfFvfaf6 zLt kUng yfln;s]sf]x'GYof] . eft kl:sPsf] yfndf p;sf] t:jL/d':s'/fpFb} pleGYof], d uf; 5f]8]/ 6Ss /f]lsGy]+ . /, d':s'/fpFy]+ . of] d':sfgdf d]/f;xaf;Lx? ;flxTosf] uGw kfpFy] / eGy],eft vfFbf vfFb} sljtf km'g{ yfNof] ls s;f]< lar/f pgLx?nfO{ s] yfxf d s;nfO{ b]v]/d':s'/fO/x]sf] 5' Û
pm d]/L k|]ldsf lyO t/ d p;sf] k|]dLlyOgF . of] Pp6f /dfOnf] ljifo lyof] .tkfO{+sf] efiffdf of] d]/f] jfg ;fO8]8 nelyof] . o:tf] cd"t{ k|]dn] dnfO{ w]/};do;Dd nv]l6/Xof] . o:t}df Pp6f ljz]if36gf 36\of] / oxL 36gfn] d]/f] k|]dnfO{ e+uul/lbof] . km]l/ d]/f] lbgrof{ oyfjt\ aGof] .of] ;a} ePsf] lyof] cfheGbf sl/a !%jif{cl3 . cfh kmf]6f]df p;nfO{ b]Vbf dfofnfu]/ cfof] . w]/}a]/ 3f]l/P/ x]/]+ . s] of] pxLgf/L xf], h;nfO{ kGw| aif{cl3 d eftsf]yfndf ;d]t b]Vy]+ / /ftL lgb|fdf t emg\b]lv g} /xGy]+ .
Tof] ljz]if 36gf c? s]xL geP/ p;sf]lax] lyof] . h'g lbg d p;nfO{ k|]d u5'{ eGg]va/ p;sf] sfgdf k'Uof], To;sf] ;ft lbgkl5 pm s;}sL >LdtL eO;s]sL lyO . ;ftlbgcl3 p;n] ;'g]sf] Tof] va/ p;sf lglDta]cy{sf] s'g} lemgf]dl;gf] 36gf lyof] . x'g;S5, of] va/ p;sf] sfgdf gk/]sf] xf];\ .;ft lbgcl3 va/ k'u]s} xf] eGg] d]/f]ljZjf;dfq xf] . d]/f] ljZjf;sf s]xL cfwf/eP tfklg ;w}+ ;f]r]h:tf] gx'g klg t ;S5. t/ klg xfn;Dd d]/f] ljZjf;sf] w/x/fp;}u/L cl8u 5 . d]/f] csf]{ s] klg ljZjf;5 eg], ha p;sf] sfgdf d p;nfO{ k|]d u5'{eGg] va/ k'Uof], p;n] …c;Dej s'/f dgdfv]nfP/ 6fpsf] gb'vfpg"Ú egL . oBlk p;n]
eg]sf oL zAb d]/f cfˆg} sfgn] ;'g]sf eg]xf]Ogg\ . h;n] d]/f] cfTdfsf] efsfnfO{6kSs l6k]/ p;sf] cl3 k'¥ofof], p;}n]p;sf] dl:tissf] efiffnfO{ klg d;DdNofOk'¥ofof] .
Ps dg t nfu]sf] lyof], d cfkm} uP/p;nfO{ dgsf] s'/f k|s6 u?F . t/, tTsfncfF6 cfPg . ;f]r]sf] lyPF, s'g} lbg cbDo;fx; lgsfn]/ d p;sf] ;fd' cfˆgf] efjgfk|s6 ug]{5' . st} k9]sf] lyPF, …w]/} dflg;of]hgf agfpgd} cfˆgf] cd"No ;do aaf{bu5{g\, of]hgf sfof{Gjog ub}{gg\ .Tolt~h]n;Dd w]/} s'/f u'dfO;s]sf x'G5g\ .Úw]/} ;do cl3 k9]sf] of] kf7\of+zn] plta]n}lgs} em8\sf lbPsf] lyof] . nfu]sf] lyof],;fnf of] d]/} nflu n]v]sf] /x]5 . clxn]km]l/ Tof] egfO d]/f] :d/0fdf em'l08gcfOk'u]sf] 5 . geGb} To:t} eof] . d}n]…eG5'Ú eg]sf] Tof] …s'g} lbgÚ slxNo} cfPg .;Defljt d]/f ;ft lbg of]hgf agfpgd} lat]/ cf7f}+ lbg t d]/f] of]hgf cy{xLg eO;s]sf]lyof] .
o;/L cf7f}+ lbgb]lv d]/f] cs}{ b}lgsL;'? eof] . o;kl5sf s]xL lbgx?nfO{ ;d]6]/wGg clxn];Dd dx]Gb| dxsn] syf n]v]sf]5}g . o;} tfsf pm / d ;flxTosf] sv/fl;Sb} lyof}+ . jL/]Gb| xfd|f lglDt j]bJof;ag]/ a]nf–a]nf 6'k'lNsGYof] / x/fpFYof] .xfdLn] p;nfO{ ;flxTosf] u'?sf ?kdf:jLsf/ ul/;s]sf lyof}+ . kl5 pm u'?af6ldqdf 36'jf ePsf] lyof] / kl5;Dd klgldqs} ?kdf sfod /Xof] .
d]/f] xfnt b]v]/ dxs 5Ss kYof]{ .;DemfpFYof] . p8fpFYof] . xsfYof]{ . Tolta]nfd]/f lglDt pm uf}0f ag]sf] lyof] / pm k|wfgag]sL lyO . s]xL lbg vfgf 5f]l8lbPF d}n] .lgb|f klg cfpFYof] t/ l5ge/d} x/fpFYof] .hlta]nf cfpFYof] ;Fu;Fu} p;}sf] t:jL/ lnP/cfpFYof] . ;kgfd} d p;Fu aft dfy]{+ t/ pmd]/f] s'/} g;'gL t'kmfgsf] ultdf ljnLg x'GyL .ksfPsf] vfgf /5\ofgdf x'lQGYof] . hlta]nfaf;L ;]tf] eftn] el/Psf] afF6f nu]/ dxs /5\ofgdf hfGYof], pm dnfO{ ufnL ug{ yfNYof]. d af]lNbgy]+ . ;fob sl/a Ps xKtfd'l:snn] d ;o zAbhlt af]n] xF'nf .aLrdf s'g} lbg d cfkm}nfO{ klg nf6f] x'G5'ls eGg] 8/ klg nfu]sf] lyof] . kl5 la:tf/}afnsn] afaf, sfsf, dfdf, cfdf eGgl;s]em}+ l;s]+ . d klxn]s} cj:yfdf cfpgsl/a aif{ lbg nfUof] .
pm ;Fusf] d]/f] klxnf] e]6 s'g} :d/0fLo36gfh:tf] lyPg . ;fdfGo ?kn] pm cfO .d}n] b]v]+ . kftnL lyO{ . ux'Fuf]/f] j0f{sL .
h;/L d sIffleq k|j]z u/]+, p;}u/L pm klgk|j]z u/L / lbge/ SofDk;df n]Sr/ ;'gL /a]n'sf kmls{O . t/, kl5 Pp6f ;+of]u s]eOlbof] eg], h;/L d}n] sIff ;'? u/]sf] ;ftlbgkl5 pm SofDk;df cfPsL lyO, 7LsTo;}u/L d]/f] k|]d pm ;fd' k|sl6Psf] ;ft}lbgkl5 p s;}sL >LdtL e};s]sL lyO .o;df ;ft lbgsf] dfq ;+of]u lyof] c? s]xLlyPg . To;sf] !) jif{kl5 d}n] csL{s]6LnfO{ b]v]+ 7Ls To;/L g} sIff ;'? ePsf];ft lbgkl5 . /, pm d]/f] hLjgdf Pp6f /f]rs sxfgL agfP/ ;fd]n x'g cfO{ .slxn]sfFxL t nfU5, of] ;ftf}+ lbgn] d]/f]hLjgdf ljz]if cy{ /fV5 . klxnL, p;nfO{d}n] cfOPsf] sIff ;'? u/]sf] ;ftf}+ lbgdfb]v]sf] lyPF / bf];|LnfO{ PdPsf] sIff k|f/DeePsf] ;ftf}+ lbgdf . bf];|f] ;+of]u s] eof] eg]klxnLn] klg tLg jif{ lbdfudf 8]/f hdfP/a;L / x/fO . t/ bf];|Ln] klg tLg} jif{lbdfudf 8]/f hdfO / hLjgdf ;fy lbgcfO . tLg} jif{ oL b'O{sf] ef/L d}n] cfˆgf]6fpsf]df af]sL lx8]+, pgLx?nfO{ yfx} glbO .
cF, d klxnLsf] af/]df s'/f ub}{5' .-bf];|Lsf] af/]df s'g} csf]{ syf aGnf_p;nfO{ b]v]sf] klxnf] 5 dlxgf t d}n] p;Fuaf]Nb} gaf]nL latfPF . To;kl5sf lbgx?xfd|f cf}krfl/s s'/fsfgLd} ;Lldt eP . t/,o;}aLr d}n] p;nfO{ d]/f] dg d;fgdf -k|foMdg dlGb/ eG5g\, t/ d}n] dg d;fg eg]+, sf/0f ;fFRr} d]/f] dg dlGb/ e}lbPsf] eP pmeujfgsf] bz{g ug{ cfpFyL ._ lj/fhdfg u/fPF . olt;Dd ls c+u|]hLsf] 8/n] g]kfnL;flxTo k9\g yfn]sf] d}n] p a:g] u/]sf] ;]tf]3/ / p;nfO{ ljifo agfP/ …XjfO6 xfp;ÚzLif{sdf c+u|]hLd} sljtf n]v]+ . ;fnfsljtf cl:t 3/sf s'gfsfKrf w'OkQfnvf]Hbf klg e]l6Pg . pm caf]w gf/LnfO{ s]xLyfxf gx'Fbf gxF'b} d}n] p;nfO{ d]/L k|]ldsfsf]?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ yfn]+ . tLg jif{;Dd p;sfcl3 cfkm"nfO{ k|s6 ug]{ ;fx; slxNo}cfPg .
d]/f] k|]d k|:tfj k'u]sf] kGw|f}+ lbgsf]laxfg sl/a ( ah] d}n] p;nfO{ 3f]/fxLsf]SofDk; /f]8df b]v]+ . c:jfefljs >[+uf/df .gf/L >[+uf/sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ c+z, p;sf];f}efUosf] k|tLs l;Gb"/ p;sf] lgwf/sf]dWoefu eP/ sf]l/Psf] lyof] . sfnf]skfnnfO{ b'O{ efudf ljefhg u/]/ . nfUof],p;sf] l;Gb"/sf] gbLn] 5'6\ofPsf xfdL b'O{lsgf/f xf}+ . xfd|f] ldng c;Dej 5 . pmyf]/} d':s'/fO / cl3 a9L . d klg p;}u/Ld':s'/fPF / cl3 a9]+ . z+s/ nfld5fg]sf]egfO ;lDemPF, …xfF:g hfGg' 7"nf] snf xf] .Ú
n3'syf
h'g lbg d p;nfO{ k|]d u5'{ eGg] va/ p;sf] sfgdf k'Uof], To;sf];ft lbgkl5 pm s;}sL >LdtL eO;s]sL lyO .
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ljkl/tsf]cfsif{0f–lblnk cfrfo{
pgLx? b'O{ hgfsf] cS;/ af6f]sf] ToxLdf]8df ;w}+ e]6 x'g] uYof]{ . cfk;Llrgfhfg geP klg lsg xf] s'lGg e]6]sf]a]nfdf b'a} Ps–csf{nfO{ lgs} ulxl/P/ /pT;'s b[li6n] x]g]{ uy]{ . b'a} hgf cwa}+;]
pd]/sf lyP / kl/kSj jf ljrf/jfg\ h:t}b]lvGy] .
km/s olQ lyof] ls, pgLx?sf] hDsfe]6x'g] a]nfdf Pshgf dlGb/af6 kmls{/x]sf x'Gy]eg] csf]{ JolSt rr{lt/ hfg nfu]sf x'Gy] .x/]s lbg hDsfe]6 x'“bf b'a} hgf csf]{JolSt k|lt ljlrq efjn] b[li6uf]r/ ug]{uy]{ .
dlGb/af6 kms{g] ;HhgnfO{ rr{tkm{ hfgnfu]sf JolStsf] z'e| j:q, ;f}Do efj /3f“6Ldf n6\s]sf] qm;df ck"j{ zflGt n's]sf]cfef; x'GYof] eg] rr{tkm{ hfg nfu]sfdxfzonfO{ klg dlGb/af6 kms]{sf JolStsf]lgwf/sf] lqk'08s, unfsf] ?b|fÔ / lgwf/sf]6Lsfdf cb\e't cfefsf] dx;'; x'GYof] .
;do laTb} hf“bf b'a} hgfnfO{ csf]{kÔsf] cfr/0f, ;dk{0f, rl/q / JolStTjdf´g\–´g\ cf]h, pmhf{, kljqtf /
pknlAwtfsf] af]w x'g yfNof] . b'a}sf]dlGb/ / rr{sf] cfjfudg hf/L g} /x\of]eg] k|To]s hDsfe]6df Ps–csf{k|ltsf]cfsÈ{0f, ´'sfj / sf}t'xntf ´g\–´g\a9\g yfNof] .
s]xL lbg pgLx? b'a} hgfsf] hDsfe]6x'g] :yfgdf pgLx? b]lvPgg\ .
cfh km]l/ crfgs b'a}hgfsf] k'/fg}df]8df hDsfe]6 eof] . b'a}hgf PsbdcRrldt / cfZro{rlst eP . b'a} hgfn]af6f]df 6Ss pleP / Ps–csf{nfO{lj:kmfl/t nf]rgn] x]g{ yfn] . ;w}+ dlGb/af6 kms{g] / ?b|fÔ wf/0f ug]{ JolStsf]unfdf cfh qm; n6\lsPsf] lyof] / pgLZj]t j:q wf/0f u/]/ xftdf afOan lnP/lx8\b} lyP eg] lbglbg} rr{ hfg] JolStcfh lqk'08s wf/0f u/]/, u]?jf j:qdfxftdf uLtf lnP/ lx8\b} lyP .
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:s'n M ANo' 8fOd08 O+ln; af]l8{ª :s'n sk'/sf]6, ;Nofg
gfd M Pln;f /]pn] sIff M *:s'n M hgHof]lt ljBfdlGb/ 3f]/fxL, bfª
afnuLtafaf dnfO{ s v u 3 eGg l;sfOlbg';\;w}+el/ :s'n hfg] af6f] b]vfOlbg';\
:s'ndf uP/ s v u 3 k9\5's v u 3 k9]/ 7"nf] dfG5] aG5'
k9L n]vL 7"nf] dfG5] aGg] d]/f] sfdb]zsf] ;]jf u/]/ sdfpg]5' gfd
s v u 3 k9]/ d w]/} 7fpF 3'Dg]5'w]/} 7fpF 3'd]/ b]zsf] nflu s]xL ug]{5'
;w}+ :s'n uP/ ;fyL;Fu k9\g kfpF;fyL;Fu k9]/ b]zsf] nflu s]xL ug{ kfpF
afaf dnfO{ s v u 3 eGg l;sfOlbg';\;w}+el/ :s'n hfg] af6f] b]vfOlbg';\ .
gfd M lg/~hg vqL sIff M % …aLÚ:s'n M uf]/vf pdflj t'n;Lk'/, bfª
• kqsfl/tfdf nfu]sf] slt eof] <kqsfl/tf sd{df /Dg yfn]sf] b'O{
bzs eO;s]5 . Ko'7fg n'ªaf6P;Pn;L ;s]/ ;fOG; k9\g sf7df8f}+xflgPsf] d @)$( b]lv sf7df8f}+dfkqsfl/tf ljifo lnP/ k9\g] yfn]+ .kqsfl/tf ljifosf] OG6g{;Lk ug]{qmddf @)%! ;fndf b[li6;fKtflxsaf6 z'? ePsf] d]/f]kqsfl/tfsd{ sf7df8f}+df /xFbf b[li6,a'waf/ tyf ;Daf]wg ;fKtflxsdflaTof] . @)%^ ;fndf sflGtk'/ b}lgs;Nofg ;+jfbbftf eP/ sl/a ! aif{sfd ul/of] . @)%& b]lv sflGtk'/b}lgssf] bfª ;+jfbbftf x'Fb} clxn]sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgsf] bfª;+jfbbftfsf] ?kdf kqsfl/tfsd{ul//x]sf] 5' .
• lsg / s;/L kqsfl/tfdf k|j]zug'{eof] <
kf6g SofDk;df cfO=P:;L k9\g]qmddf c+u]|hL dfWodaf6 ;fOG;k9fPsf] a'em\g g;s]kl5 Dofy lnP/cf6{; k9\g cf/cf/ SofDk;df egf{ePF . cfOPdf yk P]lR5s ljifosf]?kdf Dofysf ;fy} hg;+VofcWoog / kqsfl/tf k9\g yfn]+ .cfOP bf]>f] aif{df OG6g{;Lk ug{ b[li6;fKtflxsdf uPsf a]nf ToxL g}dfl;s b'O{ xhf/ ?k}ofF kfpg] u/Lhflu/ klg kfPF . o;}af6 d]/f] ofqfkqsfl/tftkm{ df]l8of] .
• kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ jf cGo s'g} k];fug{ g;s]/ slxNo} k5'tfpg'ePsf] 5 <
k5'tfPsf] 5}g . d}n] k9]sf] :s'nu+uf dflj axfg]af6 k9]sf ;fyLx?dWo];a}eGbf /fd|f] ug]{ ljBfyL{df d g}ulgPsf] 5' . ;fyLx? klg d]/} k|z+;fa9L u5{g\ . o;df d]/f] kqsfl/tf;Fu}k|fWofkg klg hf]l8Psf] xf]nf . dnfO{k|fWofkgdf Nofpg klg d]/f]kqsfl/tfsf] hg;Dks{n] g} sfdu/]sfn] d ;Gt'i6 5' . tyfkL cem w]/}/fd|f] ug]{ rfxgf x'g' t :jefljs xf] .
• kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ s] kfpg'eof], s]u'dfpg'eof] <
kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ d}n] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]gfd kfPsf] 5' . hg;Dks{ a9fPsf] 5' .bfª lhNnfsf ;d:ofnfO{ /fli6«os/0fu/]/ ;dfwfgdf e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5' . e|i6sd{rf/Lsf] hflu/ vf];]sf] 5' . agt:s/nfO{ ag d'¢f nufpg, d'6'/f]uLafnssf] pkrf/sf nflu sf]if ;+sngug{ tyf zLtnfk'/sf afnaflnsfnfO{:6];g/L / kf]zfs ;+sngdf e"ldsfv]n]sf] 5' . kqsfl/tf ofqfs} qmddf/fKtL c~rnsf @ ;o @( uflj;dWo]b'O{ ltxfO uflj; 3'Dg] df}sf kfPsf] 5'cflb–cflb . clxn];Dd u'dfPsf] s]xL5}g .
• kqsfl/tfdf nfu]kl5sf] To:tf] s'g}v';Lsf] pTs[i6 If0f <
dfly d}n] kqsfl/tfdf nfu]kl5kfPF eg]sf s'/fx? g} d]/f v'zLsfIf0fx? x'g\ . o;afx]s lzIff ljefu /kqsf/ dxf;+3n] k|bfg ug]{ klxnf]dWoklZrd If]q:t/Lo lzIff n]vgj[lQk'/:sf/ / lhlj; bfªn] k|bfg ug]{ljsf; kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ klgkqsfl/tf sd{n] g} lbPsf v'zLsfIf0fx? x'g\ . o:t} kqsf/ dxf;+3df/xFbf åGåsf a]nf ;fyL z/bclwsf/L, s]Pn kLl8tdfly ;]gfn]b'Mv lbg vf]Hbf lgefPsf] e"ldsf klgv'zLsf] If0f nfU5 .
• ;dfrf/ n]v]s} sf/0f s;}sf] wDsLjf s'6fO vfg'ePsf] 5 <
bfªdf sf7 t:s/L / ;Nofgdflr6 rf]/fPsf] ljifodf ;dfrf/ n]VbfwDsL cfPsf x'g\ . s'6fO eg] vfg'k/]sf] 5}g . o:t} åGåsf] a]nf ;]gfsf]Hofbltsf af/] ;]gf;Fu hfgsf/L dfUbfof] ljifodf tkfO{+x?nfO{ s] rf;f] eg]/dgf}j}1flgs qf; ef]Ug'kYof]{ .
• e'naz unt ;dfrf/ n]v]/cK7\of/f]df kg'{ePsf] 5 <
e'naz egf}+ ls csf{sf] ;|f]tdfe/kbf{ egf}+, Psk6s o'uaf]wdf5flkPsf] ;Nofgdf emf8fkvfnfaf6!@ hgfsf] d[To' eGg] ;dfrf/ sflGtk'/l6eLdf Psrf]l6 k|;f/0f eof] . kl5;|f]t;Fu e]/LkmfO ubf{ b'O{ dlxgfsf]cjlwdf d/]sf ;a} dfG5] uGbf klg !@hgf k'¥ofpg ;lsPg . laxfg !@ hgfeg]sf] ;dfrf/ ;fFem b'O dlxgfsf]cjlwdf ^ sf] d[To' eg]/;Rofpg'k¥of] .
• ;fj{hlgs :yndf kqsf/x?sf]l6Kk0fL eO/xFbf tkfOF s] ug'{x'G5 <
kqsf/s} kIfdf l8km]G; lnG5' .cfd kqsf/sf] of]Uotf / Ifdtf, ;|f]tn];"rgf cfˆgf] kIfdf kf/]/ lbg] k|j[lQtyf dfgjLo q'l6n] klg x'G5 eg]/arfp u5'{ . tyfkL kqsf/n] cfˆgf]Ifdtf ga9fpFbf o:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg]klg nfU5 .
• kqsf/ lgikIf / t6:y 5}gg\ eGg]cf/f]k 5 lg <
s]xLnfO{ eGg ;lsPnf t/ ;a}kqsf/ lg:kIf÷t6:y 5}gg\ eGgldNb}g . Pp6} ;dfrf/ km/s–km/s;~rf/ dfWodn] km/s–km/s tl/sfn]k|sfzg k|;f/0f ubf{ kqsf/ tyf;~rf/ dfWodsf] ljZj;gLotfdf k|Zgp7\g' :jefljs xf] . x/]s kf7s;|f]tfn] cfkm'n] rfx]cg';f/sf] ;dfrf/kfpg ufx|f] 5 .
• bfª lhNnfdf bz jif{ klxn] /clxn]sf] kqsfl/tfsf km/sx? s]–s]b]Vg'x'G5 <•cfd ;~rf/sf dfWodx? a9];Fu}kf7s÷;|f]tf÷bz{s klg a9]sf 5g\ .
• ldl8ofdf nufgL a9];Fu} ldl8ofn]pBf]usf] ?k wf/0f ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
• k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] kqsfl/tfsfcj;/ km/flsnf ePsf 5g\ .
•;dfrf/sf If]qx? km/flsnf ePsf5g\ .
• lxhf]h:tf] /fhgLltnfO{ dfq ;dfrf/agfpg] k|j[lQdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 .
•;dfrf/df :yfgLos/0f a9]sf] 5 .•cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf tyf;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjaf]wdf eg] lxhf]eGbf cfh 5f8fkg a9L b]lvPsf]5 .
• kqsfl/tfsf nflu Go" ldl8of-;fdflhs ;~hfn_sf] slQsf] k|of]uug'{x'G5 <
cfhef]ln km];a's ;"rgfsf];|f]tsf] Sn' eO/x]sf] 5 . To;nfO{e]/LkmfO u/]/ k|of]udf NofPsf] 5' .Psfw 36gfdf t km];a'ssf kmf]6f]8fpgnf]8 u/]/ ;dfrf/ ;d]t agfPsf]5' .
• kqsf/ gePsf] eP <eGg ;lSbgF . rfxgf 8fS6/
lyof] . ;fob lghfdltsf] hflu/] jflzIfs g} x'Gy]+ xf]nf .w
;'bz{g l/hfnpk–;Dkfbs,sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehg
…xl/of] 8fF8fdfly xnf] hf]Tg] ;fyLÚsfufos hgslj s]z/L wd{/fh yfkfsf]lgwg ePsf] 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lvc:j:y /x“b} cfPsf yfkfsf]:joDe'l:yt lgjf;d} d+unaf/ laxfg(@ jÈ{sf] pd]/df lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
la=;+= !(*! ;fpgdf kf]v/fsf]af6'n]rf}/df hlGdPsf yfkfsf y'k|} uLtrlr{t 5g\ . xl/of] 8fF8fdfly xnf] hf]Tg];fyL, xfd|f] t]lGhª z]kf{n] r9\of]lxdfn, cfh dfbn ah]sf] lsgufp“a];L b'lgofF Ao'F´fpg, k|hftGqsf]sfkmnh:tf uLt ufPsf lyP .
pgsf k|foM uLtdf ufp“sf] hghLjge]l6GYof] . ufp“–7fp“sf zAbx? a6'Nb}pvfg–6'Ssf hf]8]/ uLt agfpg l;kfn'yfkf ufp“sf ;|f]tfsf aLrdf rlr{tlyP . hgtfsf ufossf ?kdf nf]slk|ox'“b} uPsf yfkfnfO{ @)!# ;fndf /fhfdx]Gb|n] hgslj s];/Lsf] pkflw lbPsflyP .
g]kfnsf] df}lns afhf ;f/+uLnfO{ljZjdf kl/lrt u/fpg] JolSt yfkf g}x'g\ . g]kfnL nf]s ;+uLt, nf]s ;+:s[lt/ nf]shLjgsf] cWoogdf h'6]sf yfkfuLt vf]Hgs} nflu ufp“–ufp“ wfPgg\dfq} nf]s;+uLtsf] k|rf/df ;d]t h'6] .uGwj{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ d'n'se/ lrgfpg klgyfkfsf] of]ubfg lyof] .
hgslj eg]/ lrlgg] yfkfqmflGtsf/L lyP . tTsfnLg ;fdGtL;+:sf/sf] la?4 pgn] cfGbf]ng
u/]jfkt h]n;d]t k/] . @))* ;fndfsd{rf/LnfO{ pS;fP/ x8\tfn u/]sf]cleof]udf uf]/vfkqsf] d'lvof kbsf]pgsf] hflu/ vf];'jfdf k/]sf] lyof] .
pgL 8fS6/ s]cfO l;+xn] u/]sf]lab|f]xdf klg ;xefuL lyP . l;+xsf]lab|f]xdf ;l/s ePsf] cleof]udftTsflng ;/sf/n] pgnfO #) lbg h]n
xfn]sf] lyof] . h]naf6 5'6]kl5 pgLef/tsf] b]x/fb'g, cf;fd, bflh{lnª,l;lSsdnufotsf 7fpFdf nf]suLtvf]Hb}, ufpFb} lx8]sf lyP . ;f]xL qmddfpgn] snsQfdf /x]sf] PrPdeLsDkgLdf w'?w'? g/f]p cfdf, ´d´dk/]nL, xfd|f] t]lGhª z]kf{n] nufotsfuLt ufPsf lyP .
○ ○ ○ ○
b'nxL hfddf km;]kl5/]l8of]af6} ljjfx Û
6«flkms hfdsf sf/0f ´08} Ps hf]8Lsf] ljjfx vt/fdf k/]g . wGg /]l8of]n]of] hf]8Lsf] ljjfxnfO{ ;Dej t'NofOlbof], hfdnfO{ lg:t]h kfb}{ .
36gf rLgsf] xf] . lrlgof ldl8ofx?df lgs} rrf{ kfPsf] of] 36gf cS6f]a/ !sf] xf] . l´glhofª k|fGtsf] zLzL Onfsfdf a:g] ofg d]+ulzof ljjfxsf nfluljjfx ;df/f]xdf hf“b} lyOg\ t/ pgL lgs} 7"nf] 6«flkms hfddf kml;g\ .
pgnfO{ tLg ;o lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] of+usf+u hfg' lyof] . hfd lgs} eofjxePsf] / tTsfn hfd v'n]/ ;dodf ;df/f]x :yn hfg s'g} ;Defjgf g/x]sf] yfxfkfPkl5 pgsf] xf];xjf; p8\of] .
lbp;f] Ps ah] 3/af6 lg:s]sL pgL a]n'sL;Dd klg ljjfx ;df/f]xdf k'Ug] s'g};Defjgf /x]g, hfdsf sf/0f . t“ lrtf d k'¥ofp“5' eGg] pvfg} 5 . hfdsf sf/0flax] g} /f]lsg] cj:yfdf k'u]sL ofgsf nflu :yfgLo Ps /]l8of] :6]zg hLjgs}clj:d/0fLo ;xof]uL alglbof] . pgn] :yfgLo PkmPd gfOG6L y|Lsf] x6nfOgdfaf/Daf/ kmf]g ul/g\ 6«flkms ck8]6sf nflu . tTsfn af6f] v'Ng] l:ylt g/x]sf];"rgf lbof] /]l8of]n] .
To;kl5 ljjfx ;df/f]xdf /x]sf a]x'nf / hfddf cl8\sPsf a]x'nL b'a} hgfn]/]l8of]df kmf]g u/]/ Ps–csf{df afrf–s;d ;f6] / ljjfx ;DkGg eof] . ;KtfxJofkL5'§Lsf sf/0f rLgdf uPsf] xKtf labf dgfpg]x?sf ;jf/L ;fwgn] 6«flkmsdf 7"nf];d:of k}bf u/]sf] lyof] . 5'§Lsf] clGtd lbg d+unaf/ dfq b]zsf] /]nj]af6 !s/f]8 ofq'n] ofqf u/]sf lyP .
3f]8fnfO{ kfgsf] nt nfu]kl53f]8fn] 3f“;kft tyf bfgfkfgL
kf] vfg'kg]{ xf] . of] hgfj/ r'/f]6, ;"lt{tyf kfgsf] cDdnL aGg' gkg]{ xf] .t/ ef/tdf eg] Pp6f 3f]8f kfgsf]cDdnL ag]sf] 5 .
ef/tsf] dWok|b]zl:yt OGbf}/sf]/fhaf8f rf]sdf /x]sf] k;ndf Pp6f3f]8f lbgx'“ kfg vfg cfp“5 . pStkfg k;ndf ;x/sf gfd"b dflg;x?;d]t kfg vfg cfpg] u5{g\ / lbgx'“cfpg] cDdnL 3f]8f b]Vbf crDddf k5{g\ .
afbn gfdsf] Tof] ;]tf] 3f]8fsf] pd]/ & dlxgfsf] dfq 5 . t/ kl5Nnf s]xLxKtfb]lv kfg k;nsf] lgoldt ljz]È u|fxs ag]sf] Tof] 3f]8f dflg;x?sf nflurrf{sf] ljÈo ag]sf] 5 .
lhG;L eGg] 7fp“sf Jofkf/L uf]n" sZokn] s]xL ;do klxn] Tof] 3f]8f lsg]/cfˆgf] 3/df NofPsf lyP . uf]n"n] x/]s laxfg afbnnfO{ Jofofd u/fpgsf nflucfˆgf] lhkdf af“w]/ v'Nnf d}bfgdf bf}8fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
s]xL lbg klxn] kf]nf]u|fp08 Onfsfdf afbnnfO{ bf}8sf] cEof; u/fPkl5lhkd} af“w]/ pgL kfg lsGg /fhaf8f cfPsf lyP . To; lbg uf]n"n] cfkm'n] dfqkfg gvfP/ afbnnfO{ klg ld7f kfg v'jfPsf lyP .
To;lbg kfg vfPkl5 3f]8fnfO{ lgs} dg k/]/ nt g} nfu]5 Sof/] csf]{ lbgbf}8 ;lsg] lalQs} cfkm'nfO{ af“w]sf] lhknfO{ g} /fhaf8ftkm{ tfGg yfNof] . sxf“hf“bf] /x]5 eg]/ uf]n" 3f]8fn] tfg]tkm{ g} lhk xf“s] . afbn t /fhaf8fsf] cGgfe}ofsf] kfg k;ndf uP/ 6Ss cl8of] .
To;kl5 aNn a'l´of] 3f]8fsf] kfgsf] cDdn . clxn] t lbgx'“ ;'?df 3f]8fnfO{laxfg} cGgf e}ofsf] kfg k;ndf nu]/ $–% j6f ld7f kfg v'jfPkl5 dfq uf]n"n]bf}8sf] Jofofd u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . kfgsf] lwt gd?Gh]n afbnn] cGgf e}ofsf]kfg k;naf6 8]u ;fb}{g .
#$ ;Gtfgsf lktfcd]l/sfsf] P6nfG6fdf a:g] h]= ljlnoD; #$ aRrfsf lktf alg;s]sf
5g\ . t/, c´} aRrf hGdfpg] pgsf] qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g . pgL kl/jf/lgof]hgsf] c:yfoL ;fwg k|of]u ug]{ s'/f ;'Gg klg rfx“b}gg\ . olt w]/};Gtfgsf lktf alg;s]kl5 pgnfO{ Eof;]S6f]dL ug{ w]/}hgfn] ;'´fa lbO;s]sf5g\ . t/, pgn] 6]/k'R5/ nufPsf 5}gg\ .
Eof;]S6f]dL ug{ dflg;nfO{ k|]l/t ug]{ sfplG;n/n] pgnfO{ s/ u/]sf] / pgn]c:jLsf/ u/]sf] b[Zo lel8of]df /]s8{ u/L o'6\o'adf cknf]8 ul/Pkl5 clxn]ljlnoD;sf] rf}tkmL{ rrf{ 5 . lel8of] clxn] ;fdflhs ;~hfndf z]o/eO/x]sf] 5 . ljlnoD; !& dlxnfaf6 #$ aRrfsf lktf ag]sf x'g\ .ljlnoD;sf ;Gtfg tLgb]lv @^ jÈ{;Ddsf 5g\ .
lel8of]df kl/jf/ lgof]hgsL sfplG;n/n] ljlnoD;nfO{ cg]s tl/sfn];D´fOa'´fO{ ug]{ sf]l;; u/]sL l5g\ . Hofbf ;Gtfg ePdf pgLx?sf]nfngkfngdf ;d:of pTkGg x'g] tL sfplG;n/n] atfPkl5 ljlnoD;n] o;nfO{xn'sf ?kdf lnPsf] lel8of]df b]Vg ;lsG5 . ljlnoD;n] hg;+Vof j[l4/f]Sg'k5{ eGg]df cfkm" ;r]t /x]sf] / o;}sf/0f #$ ;Gtfg dfq hlGdPsf]atfPsf 5g\ .
…hg;+Vof j[l4 /f]Sg'k5{ / o;sf nflu sd ;Gtfg hGdfpg'k5{ eGg] dnfO{yfxf 5 . o;sf nflu kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf c:yfoL ;fwgsf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf]5' . olb d}n] sG8d k|of]u gu/]sf] eP clxn];Dddf d]/f b'O{ ;o ;GtfghlGd;s]sf x'g] lyP,Ú sfplG;n/;“u ljlnoD;n] eg]sf 5g\ .
–cgnfOgva/÷Ph]G;Lx?
a'waf/ @( c;f]h @)&! ;dfh^
g]kfnsf]ljsf;sf] cfwf/ko{6g ePsf]dfca s;}sf] klgljdlt 5}g ./fHosf] gLltsfo{qmdn] klgg]kfnsf]ljsf;sf] cfwf/s[lif, pmhf{ /
ko{6gnfO{ dxTj lbP klg ;/sf/L 9'nd'n]gLltn] cem}+ ;fsf/ kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .Psflt/ ;/sf/;Fu :ki6 ko{6g gLlt 5}geg] csf{]lt/ l9nf;':tL / csd{0otfsfsf/0f ko{6gsf uGtJox?sf] k"jf{wf/cw''/f] ag]sf 5g\ . ko{6gsf tLgcfofdx?dWo]] ;f+:s[lts ko{6gsf] PskIf wfld{s ko{6g g]kfnsf] Ps plrtuGtJo xf] .
g]kfnsf pTs[i6 wfld{s ko{6guGtJox? 5g\ . tL ;ft wfddWo] Ps:ju{åf/L . dWoklZrdsf] wfld{sdxTjsf] uGtJo :ju{åf/L ko{6g uGtJoxf] . To;sf nflu /fHo txaf6 s]xLnufgL ePsf] 5, eO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn;/sf/sf] s]Gb|Lo of :yfgLo lgsfolhlj; Ko""7fg / :ju{åf/L cf>dsf]nufgLdf cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0ful/Psf] 5 eg] ;8ssf] :t/f]Ggltul/Psf] 5 . lwdf ultdf eP klg s]xL;'wf/sf ;+s]t x''g ;S5g\ . oBkLko{6gsf nflu eGb} ;/sf/n] nufgLub{5 t/ To;nfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ cndnul//x]sf pbfx/0fsf vft g} 5g\– slxn]gLlt t slxn] ah]6sf gfpFdf . tLpbfx/0fsf vftdWo] :ju{åf/L s]jnsf/kl/of]hgf Pp6f HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] .
d'Vou/L oxfF ck''/f] ag]sf] :ju{åf/Ls]jnsf/ kl/of]hgf / wfld{s ko{6gsf];jfndf rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 . tLgvDa] cy{gLltsf cfwf/df kl/of]hgf;~rfng ug{ @)^( kmfNu'gdf lghLsDkgLx?nfO{ af]nkq cfx|jfg u/] klgTof] kbf{leq} n'sfOPsf] 5 . o;sf] d'nlhDd]jf/ lgsfo eg]sf] ko{6gdGqfnocGtu{tsf] ko{6g k""jf{wf/ ljsf;kl/of]hgf xf] . slxn] ah]6 t slxn]gLltsf] sf/0f b]vfpFb} ljut 8]9 jif{b]lvc9fO lsnf]ld6/ s]jnsf/ kl/of]hgfsfuhd} ylGsPsf] 5 . /fKtLsf]ljsf;sf] cfwf/ If]q :ju{åf/Ldfs]jnsf/sf] dfWodaf6 :ju{åf/Ldf ko{6gleq\ofpg] ultnf] pkfo xf] . ;Defjgfsf]kf]sf]nfO{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?n]
gh/cGbfh ul//x]sf 5g\, sfgdf t]nxfn]/ a;]sf 5g\ .
:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;d]t;xeflutfdf ;~rfng x'g] kl/of]hgf;d'bfosf] cfly{s ?kfGt/0fsf] alnof]cfwf/ aGg]df s'g} b'Odt 5}g . h;n]:ju{åf/Lsf] cf;kf;sf] If]qsf] ljsf;dfq xf]Og ;du| /fKtLsf] ljsf;nfO{;sf/fTds k|efj kfg{]df s;}sf] ljdlt5}g . ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Lcjwf/0ffdf ;~rfng x'g] ePsf]n] lgs}cy{ /fVg] cy{ ljZn]ifsx?sf] ts{ 5 .:yfgLosf] ckgTjdf x''g] o:tfkl/of]hgfn] lbUff] / ;fd'bflos ljsf;dfklg dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xg] lglZrt 5 .
t/ ko{6g dGqfno / o; If]qaf6hgdt a6'n]/ l;+xb/af/ k''u]sfx?sf]vf;} Wofg k'Ug g;Sbf ck'/f] ag]sf] xf],k|zf;lgs txaf6 dfq xf]Og /fhgLltstxaf6 klg kxn eP s]jnsf/sf];kgf k"/f x''g] lyof] . ef]6 dfUbf jfFrfu/] klg /fhgLltn] jfFrf jfFr}df ;Lldt/fv]sf] 5 . ptf k|zf;lgs lgsfoko{6g dGqfnocGtu{tsf] ko{6g k""jf{wf/ljsf; kl/of]hgfn] slxn] jg dGqfnot slxn] s;sf] gfpF hKb}–6fb{} uPsftYox? aflx/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLoko{6g Joj;foLx?n] cljnDa cg'dltk|bfg ug{ /fhgLlts g]t[Tjb]lv ko{6gdGqfnodf gwfPsf klg xf]Ogg\ t/lhDDf]jf/x?n] a]jf:tf ul//x]sf]l9nf;':tLn] k|i6\ofpF5 . oBlk olta]nfjg dGqfnoaf6 ko{6g dGqfnodfcfjZos sfuhft k''u]sf] 5 .
:ju{åf/Lsf] ko{6gnfO{ ahf/Ls/0fug{ b]zs} sxlnPsf lghL sDkgLx?n]xft xfNg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . ko{6gdGqfnosf sf/0f cg''dltsf] sfuhkqcndnd} kl//x]sf] 5 . :ju{åf/Lsf]ko{6gnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ g]kfn pBf]ujfl0fHo dxf;+3sf k"j{cWoIf s''zs'df/hf]zL, Unf]an cfOPdOsf cWoIf rGb|9sfn / k|ltli7t Jofkf/L ;'hg >]i7sfsDkgLx?n] k|:tfj u/]sf 5g\ . oBlkTof] k|s[of k"/f x''g ;s]sf] 5}g .hf]zLsf] nfdf sG:6«S;g, 9sfnsf]o'gfO6]8 ljN8;{ P08 Ol~hlgo;{ />]i7sf] nIdL sG6];gn sDkgLx?n];fem]bf/-h]eL_df ;~rfng x''g] eP klgko{6g k""jf{wf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf]lgsDkfn] cw"/f] g} 5 .
s]ansf/sf nflu hldg afx]ssf]^ ;o ldlnog ?k}ofF nfut /xg]cg''dfg ul/Psf] 5 . Ko""7fgsf] le+u|LnfO{
cgf}7f] ;+;f/
cfwf/laGb'' dfg]/ s]jn tflgg] ePsf]5 . ;d'Gb|L ;txb]lv b'O xhf/ Ps ;old6/ prfOdf /x]sf] :ju{åf/Ldf jif{]gL8]9 nfveGbf a9L ko{6sn] cjnf]sge|d0f tyf bz{g ug{] u/]sf] tYofª\s 5 .bfªsf] efn'afªb]lv Ko"7fgsf] leª\u|Laf6f] eP/ :ju{åf/L k'Ug ;lsG5 eg]bfªsf] 3f]/fxL x''Fb} /f]Nkfsf] xf]n]/Lb]lvklg ko{6sx? k'Ug] u/]sf 5g\ . t/Ko"7fgsf] af6f] eP/ k"0oe"ld :ju{åf/Lk''Ug] clwsf+z dWod tyf pRr ju{sf/x]sf] kfOG5 . To;}n] :yfgLo ko{6gJoj;foLx?sf] kxndf leª\u|Ldf;'ljwf;DkGGf xf]6]n tyf /]i6'/]G6;~rfngdf 5g\ . Go"gtd ;/b/ c9fOlbg ko{6s :ju{åf/L cf;kf;df /xg]ub{5g\ . ljz]ifu/L ef/tLo ko{6s /cfGtl/s ko{6ssf] uGtJo :ju{åf/Ldfwfld{s dxTjdfq xf]Og k|fs[lts cfgGblbg] jftfj/0f klg 5 . pQ/ k"j{lt/wf}nflu/L, df5fk'R5]« / klZrdsf] l;:g]lxdfnsf] b[Zo cjnf]sg klg PsdxTjk"0f{ cfsif{0f xf] .
:ju{åf/Lsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;ug{ lhlj; Ko"7fg, :ju{åf/L cf>dsf]nufgLdfq xf]Og ;8ssf nflu w]/ yf]/ah]6 gk/]sf klg xf]Ogg\ t/ Jojl:ytPjd\ lb3{sfnLg u'?of]hgfsf] cefjdfk"jf{wf/ / k|j4{gsf kIf nufdlagfsf]3f]8fh:t} alg/x]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{:ju{åf/L wfld{s ko{6gsf] uGtJo eP/klg cem}+ cf]em]ndf k/]sf] 5 . oBlklhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt Ko"7fg :ju{åf/Lcf>d / s]Gb|Lo ah]6af6 ;8s, l;9L /Eo""6fj/ agfpg] k|oTg ePsf 5g\ . oxfFklg u''?of]hgfsf] cefjdf cJojl:ytag]sf] u''gf;f] cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
d"ntM ;~rfng x'g] elgPsf]s]ansf/sf] k|s[ofnfO{ cljnDj k"/fu/L sfof{Gjogdf lng h?/L 5 .:yfgLosf] hLjg ;''wf/;Fu ufFl;Psf]ljifo ePsfn] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofghfg cfjZos 5 . lghL If]qsf x:tL /:yfgLo nufgLdf x''g] ePsfn] klgo;sf] lbuf] / Jojl:yt aGg] cfzf ug{;lsG5 . h;af6 :yfgLo hLjg:t/psf:g ;lsg]df s'g} b'Odt 5 .;~rfngsf] aLr af6f]df /f]lsPsf]s]jnsf/ ;~rfngkl5 :yfgLosf]z]o/;Fu} /f]huf/L k|j4{g x'g ;S5 .o;af6 ko{6gnfO{ a9fjf lbg ;lsG5 .t/ lhDd]jf/ lgsfo ko{6g k"jf{wf/ljsf; kl/of]hgf / /fhg}lts g]t[Tjn]tbf?stf b]vfpg cfjZos 5 .w
cndndf :ju{åf/Ls]a'nsf/ kl/of]hgf Û
wlg/fd zdf{
○ ○ ○ ○
ljljw&kmf]6f] sg{/
ljz]iftM tLh tyf a8fbz}+df ufpF–ufpFdf cfkm} rv]{ lkª lgdf{0f u/]/ ufpFsf j|tfn' r]nLa]6Lx?nfO{ lkª v]nfpg]rng lyof] . cfw'lgs ;dfhdf /Lltl/jfh, /xg;xg, vfglkg ;a}df /]l8d]8 k|]d XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . oxL d];f]df rv]{lkª klg x/fpFb} hfg yfn]sf] 5 . oBlk bfªb]pv'/Lsf] blIf0fL ;Ldf If]qdf kg]{ uf]a/l8xf– ( ;'k}nfdf eg] :yfgLosf7sf] k|of]u u/L agfOPsf] rv]{ lkªdf j|tfn' r]nLa]6Lx?nfO{ lkª v]nfOPsf] e]l6of] . t:jL/ M pbo hLPdt:jL/ M pbo hLPdt:jL/ M pbo hLPdt:jL/ M pbo hLPdt:jL/ M pbo hLPd
‘r'/] ;+/If0fsf gfddfdhb"/x?sf] /f]hL/f]6L gvf];’
a'waf/ @( c;f]h @)&!
;dfrf/ ljljw
l l l l l hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf
bfª . lasf; lgdf{0fsfsfo{nfO{ aGb]h u/L r'/] ;+/If0fug { ] gx 'g ] Ps cGt/lq mofsfo{qmddf af ]Ng ] jQmfx?n]atfPsf 5g\ . bfª b]pv/L O§fJoj;foL ;+3n] cfof]hgf u/]sf]/fi6«klt r'/] ;+/If0f, o;n] ljsf;lgdf{0fdf k/]sf] c;/ / ;dfwfgljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsfjQmfx?n] o:tf] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sfx'g\ .
sfo{qmddf jQmfx?n] /fHon]xr'jfsf] e/df r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmdcufl8 ;f/]sf] atfPsf lyP .9'ª\uf, lu6\6L afn'jf lgsf;Ldf;/sf/n] /f]s nufPsf sf/0f:yfgLo dhb"/x?sf] /f]hL /f]6L;d]tu'd]sf] pgLx?sf] egfO{ lyof] .
ul/a dhb"/x?sf] /f]hL/f]6Lvf]:g'sf ;fy} ljsf; lgdf{0fsfsfd 7Kk kf/]/ r'/] ;+/If0fsf] gf6sug'{ 3fts x'g] pgLx?sf] egfO{lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly
k|fWofks e"uf]nljb\ b]jdl0fuf}tdn] /fHon] gLltlgod lagfg} r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd NofPsfsf/0f k|efjsf/L?kdf cufl8a9\g g;s]sf] cf}Nofpg'eof] .pxfFn] jftfj/0f hf]ufpg /fHon]kxn ug' {kg ] { eGb } To;nfO {Jojl:yt?kdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf]sfd yfngL ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u| ];bfªsf ;lrj z+s/ 8fFuL, PsLs[tg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ bfªsf pkfWoIflgd{n cfrfo{, g]skf–dfcf]jfbLbfªsf ;x;]qm]6/L anaxfb'/ jnL,/fhdf] bfªsf ;lrj u0f]z cfrfo{,cv08 g]kfn kf6L{ bfªsf cWoIfbnaxfb'/ anL nufotn] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf]lyof] .
bfª b]pv/L O§f Joj;foL;+3sf ;lrj ls/0f /]UdLsf] :jfutdGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf]cWoIftf ;+3sf cWoIf /f]djnLn] ug' {ePsf] lyof ] eg];~rfng e'k]Gb| e';fnn] ug'{ePsf]lyof] .
x/fpFb}x/fpFb}x/fpFb}x/fpFb}x/fpFb}rv]{ lkªrv]{ lkªrv]{ lkªrv]{ lkªrv]{ lkª
lllll hgpef/ ;dfrf/bftf
3f]/fxL . lahf}/L uflj; j8fg+= # dlgsfk'/ lgaf;L #) jifL{ou +uf/fd gsfnn] cfkm "nfO {pkrf/sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;a}dfcfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . b''a} d[uf}nfn]sfd ug{ 5f8]sf] / pkrf/ ug{3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ePsfn] ;xof ]u ug{ cfu|xug'{ePsf] xf] .
d+unaf/ 3f]/fxLdf kqsf/;Dd]ng u/L b''O{ dlxgfb]lv cfkm"d[uf}nfkLl8t ePsf] gsfnn]atfpg''eof] . /f]u kQf nufpgljleGg c:ktfndf 7"nf] /sdvr{ u/]sf] / cGtdf sf7df8f}+sf]lgbfg c:ktfndf r]s u/fpFbfb''a} d[uf}nf km]n ePsf] kQf nfu]sfk L l8t gsfnn ] hfgsf/ Llbg''eof] .
clxn] dlxgfsf] %) xhf/?k}ofFeGbf a9L vr{ u/]/ xKtfdfb''O{ k6s g]kfnu~h d]l8sn
sn]hdf 8fOnf]l;; ul//x]sf]atfpFb} kLl8t gsfnn] k"0f{ ?kdf;~rf] x'gsf nflu b''a} d[uf}nfkm]g'{kg{] 8fS6/n] ;Nnfx lbPsf]atfpg''eof] . 8fS6/sf cg'';f/ b''a}d[uf}nf km]g{sf nflu s''g} cfkmGtn]lbPdf !$÷!% nfv vr{ nfUg]t/ lsg]/} km]g{k/] #) b]lv #%nfv ?k}ofF nfUg]5 .
clxn];Dd @÷# nfv vr{eO;s]sf] kLl8tsf] / ;f]xL vr{;d ]t wfGg g;Sg ] cj:yfePsfn] ;xof ]u u/L HofgarfOlbg ljleGg ;+3;+:yf, pBf]uJofkf/L, a 'l4hLjL ;a}nfO {k L l8tn ] gsfnn ] cg ' / f ]wug'{eof] .
pkrf/sf nflu ;xof]u ug{rfxfg]n] gsfnsf] gfddf k|e'ljsf; a}sdf /x]sf] vftf g+=)#&)#&!)))@!@$$#)))))!df /sd hDdf ug{ ;Sg'x'g] 5 eg]df]jfOn g+= (*^^#(@$$% dfkmf]g u/]/ ;xof]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
pkrf/df ;xof]u ug{ cfu|x
eO{ nf]shLjgsf] 1fg /hLjgz}nL cIf'00f x'g]cfof]hsn] ck]Iff lnPsf] 5 .uf]i7L a'waf/ laxfg !! ah]3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] ;efsIfdfpb\3f6g ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .;g\ @)!! df ef/tsf] b]x/fb"gdf;DkGg cGt/f{li6«o nf]sjftf{uf]i7Ldf k|:t't uf]i7Lkqx¿;dfj]z ePsf] k|sflzt k':ts…Before Emergence of
Nation States: Indo-Nepal
Relations in UttarakhandÚ /
8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{åf/f cg';GwfgeO{ g]kfn Do"lhs ;]G6/,sf7df8f}+åf/f k|sflzt …cjlwnf]s;+uLtsf] ljZn]if0fÚ gfdsk':tsx¿ ljdf]rg ug]{ sfo{qmd;d]t /x]sf] 5 .
;ª\uf]i7Ldf g]kfnnufotef/tsf lbNnL, b]x/fb"g,g}gLtfn;Ddsf k|fl1s Pj+cg';GwfgfTds If]qdf ;+nUgkfFr bh{geGbf a9Lnf]sjftf{ljb\x¿n] cg]sf}+ hflt,efiff, Oltxf;, k'/ftTj,nf]s;flxTo / ;+:s[lt;Fu ;Da4ljifodf kfFr bh{geGbf a9L;+uf]i7Lkq k|:t't ug]{5g\ .;ª\uf]i7Lsf cjlwdf bfªsfdxTjk"0f{ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo:ynx?, o; If]qsf hftLo;f+:s[lts g[To Pj+ emfFsLx¿sf]
cjnf]sg u/fOg] ;+of]hscfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .;ª\uf]i7L g]kfnL nf]sjftf{If]qsf] ul/dfdo / /fli6«odxTjsf] sfo{qmd ePsf]n] o;sfo{qmdnfO{ eJo / ;Eo¿kdf;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;a} If]qaf6cfof]hs ;ldlt ;xof]usflgldQ;d]t cfof]hsn] ;a}dfcfu|x u/]sf] 5 .
uf]i7Ldf yf? nf]s;fF:s[ltscg'i7fgM xf¥of u'/}, g]kfnsf]d'l:nd ;d'bfodf k|rlnt
df]x/{dL uLt, b'Nn' If]qdfk|rlnt /fO;'jf uLt, g]kfnLufpFvfg] syfdf ul0ftLo ;Gbe{,nf]s / zf:qsf] cGof]Gofl>t;DaGw, hfpm sfzL k9\gnfO{;+lugL uLtsf] ljZn]if0f,nf]suLtsf ;Gbe{, nf]shLjg /hg;flxTo, nf]shLjgdf yf¿nf]s afn;flxTo, s0ff{nLnf]suLtdf cjfnL uLtsf]cj:yf, HoF'tL /rgf M Ps nf]ssnf, nf]s ;+:s[ltdf u+uf, yf¿hfltsf] nf]sgf6s …s7\3f]/LÚ,s]j/t nf]sjftf{sf] jt{dfgcj:yf, /fp6] ;+:s[ltM lg/Gt/tf/ kl/jt{g, g]kfnL nf]s;flxTodf l;ªf? / 6Kkfsf]t'ngfTds ;+lIfKt cWoog,g]kfnsf] cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf/ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f–Ps ljj]rgf,
x'8\s]nL -ef/t_ df k|o'Qm plQmj}lrœo M Ps cWoog, ldlynfnf]slrqsnfdf ;Ltfsf]of]ubfg, g]kfnL Pstfsf];'b[9Ls/0fdf nf]sjftf{sf]e"ldsf, v]nLuLtdf z[ª\ufl/stf,r'8\sf g[TouLtsf] ljZn]if0f,ofªdfnL ef]l6ofsf] nf]shLjg,s'dfpmF cf}/ dxfsfnL c+rn d]+k|rlnt Gof}nL -Gof}nf_ uLtP,du/ hfltsf] e"Dof Ps rrf{,ef]hk'/L efiffsf n3' cfsf/sfnf]suLt M 5f]6f] kl/ro,;Gbe{jfbL l;4fGtsf cfwf/dfnf]s s"6kBsf] ljZn]if0f, sygk4ltsf cfwf/df wf}nflul/c~rndf k|rlnt ;f]/7L,nf]sufyfsf] cWoog, x/x/dxfb]pM v8]/Ldf dxfb]j l/emfpg]nf]sz}nLx¿, nf]ssfJokvf}Hofsf] kf7 / cWoog, du/;dfhdf dlxnfx?sf] k/Dk/futx:tsnf 1fg ;Lk Ps ljj]rgf,c5fddf k|rlnt b]jfnL k"hfsf]k"jf{ª\u k4lt, g]kfnL nf]suLtk/Dk/fsf] ljsf;df ufyfsf]of]ubfg, ls/ftL d'Gw'd / ufogk/Dk/f, Oltxf;df l;ldtcf}Bf]lus s]Gb| Ko'7fgf,Performing Ethnicity,
Participating in
Modernity: The Shifting
Cultural Significance of
the Dangaura Tharu
Sakhy-Paiya Nc, dª\un uLtM Ps cWoog, Hjfnf kxf8sf;fOt/df hLjglaDa, s:s]nLpvfgsf] eflifs j}lzi6\o,s';'G8f hfltsf] nf]sfrf/,k|bz{gsf/L snf (performing
Art), c5fddf v]lng] xf]/LdfufOg] b]p8f uLtsf] ;Gbe{ /o;sf] ;f}Gbo{ kIf, bfª, bªLz/0f/ yf?;EotfM, 8f]6]nLnf]sf]lStdf cfOg, ls:;f /6'SsfM Ps ;Gbe{, ldlynfsnfdf k|s[lt ;+/If0f, A
Global Perspective on
Western Rock Culture and
Some Nepali Ritual Songs
of Araghakhanchi, g]kfnLnf]s afnuLtdf k|ltlalDat;fdflhs cj:yf, ef]hk'/Lnf]suLtf]+ d]+ :qL sL bzf,cjwL nf]ssnfM snflk|otftyf ;f}Gbo{af]wtfsf] ;hLjlrq0f, ;dfhsf] Pstfdfclej[l4 ug{] hfqf OGb|hfqf,:ju{åf/L tLy{ M kl/ro, g]kfnLpvfg / s'dfpgL pvfgsf];fdflhs ;f+:s[lts kl/j]z,alHh ;+:s[lt Ps kl/ro,pQ/fv+8 sL ;+uLt k/+k/f, ltxf/kj{df ufOg] g]kfnL nf]suLtsf];f+:s[lts dxTj, rGb|zdz]/sf]a]nfot ofqf, n'lDagLc~rnsf nf]suLtdf cleJoQmwfld{s hLjg, cjwL ;flxTo d]+hftLo nf]suLt la/xf,FOLKLORE AND HISTORY IN
KUMAUN STUDIES nufotsfljifosf sfo{kqx¿ uf]i7Ldfk|:t't ul/g]5g\ .
uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hsx?dfg]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg, sf7df8f}+,g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno,bfª, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, bfª,g]kfn gf6\o;+uLt k|1f k|lti7fg,sf7df8f}+, g]kfn Do'lhs ;]G6/,sf7df8f}+, g]kfn lj1fg tyfk|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fg, sf7df8f}+,e[s'6L Ps]8]lds klAns]zg,sf7df8f}+, h;'bf /fO{ e§kmfpG8];g, uf]bfj/L, sf7df8f},t'N;Lk'/ gu/kflnsf, bfª,3f]/fxL, gu/kflnsf, bfª, /fli6"onf]s tyf bf]xf]/LuLt k|lti7fg,sf7df8f}++, gjL;|f]t kl/rfngs]Gb|, bfª, ;x–cfof]hsx¿dfbfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3,3f]/fxL, /fKtL c~rn oftfoftJoj;foL ;ldlt, bfª, bfªlgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3, /fli6«onf]s tyf bf]xf]/L uLt k|lti7fg,
rf}yf] nf]sjftf{ ;+uf]i7L cfhb]lv
;ª\uf]i7Ldf g]kfnnufot ef/tsf lbNnL,b]x/fb"g, g}gLtfn;Ddsf k|fl1s Pj+cg';GwfgfTds If]qdf ;+nUg kfFr bh{geGbfa9L nf]sjftf{ljb\x¿n] cg]sf}+ hflt, efiff,Oltxf;, k'/ftTj, nf]s;flxTo / ;+:s[lt;Fu;Da4 ljifodf kfFr bh{geGbf a9L ;+uf]i7Lkqk|:t't ug]{5g\ .
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