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clxn];Dd k|fKt tYosf cfwf/ df

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lj/ f6gu/ sf ;flxTosf/

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sfg'ª nfd -xfd|f] af6f]_

eGg] du/ efiffdf sljtf ;+u|x k|sflzt u/ ]sf lyP .

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hLtaxfb'/ l;+hfnL du/ / / ]vaxfb'/ yfkf du/ n] o;tkm{ hfFu/ b]vfPsf

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lnlvt ;flxTosf]

k/ Dk/ f Tolt nfdf] geP

klg clnlvt ;flxTo jf

nf]s;flxTosf b[li6n] eg]

klZrd]nL e]usf du/ x? klg lgs} ;DkGg

b]lvG5g\ . d}n]/ f uLt, s7f}/ L uLt, Hof]df/ ]

uLt, d[To;+:sf/ uLth:tf

w]/ } uLtx? / f]Nkf–?s'dsf du/ ;dfhdf

cfh klg hLljt g} 5g\, oBlk ltgsf] ;f]wvf]h eg]

cem}+ x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

n]vgfyhLsf] !% jif]{ sd{ynf] g]kfnu~h ag]sfn] rf}yf] :d[lt;ef klg Tot} dgfOof] . ;ef a'6jn, bfª / g]kfnu~hsf] ;+ud:ynh:t} aGg k'Uof] . g]kfnL nf]sufogsf cys ;fws slj Pj+ uLtsf/ k|]dk|sfz dNn …dw's/Ú nfO{ b'O÷tLg hgfn] af]s]/ d~rdf cf;Lg u/fpg'k/]sf] b[Zon] ;a}nfO{ efj's agfof] .

g]kfndf / x]sf ;a}h;f] hfthfltsf cf–cfˆg} dft[efiff / df}lns ;+:s[ltx? 5g\ . g]kfnsf ljleGg cflbjf;L hghfltx?dWo] du/ klg Ps xf] . o; hfltsf] klg cfkm\g} :jtGq efiff / df}lns ;+:s[lt / x]sf] 5 . P3f/ f}+ / fli6«o hgu0fgf -@)^*_sf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ g]kfndf ! ;o @# lsl;dsf efiffx? / x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] &) efiffx? cflbjf;L hghfltsf efiffx? 5g\ . dft[efifLx?sf] hg;ª\Vofsf cfwf/ df du/ efiff af]Ng]x?sf] cg'kft ;ftf}+ :yfgdf / x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf ef]6ad]{nL kl/ jf/ sf efiffx?df du/ t];|f] 7"nf] hg;ª\Vof ePsf] efiff xf] . du/ efiffdf klg afx| du/ ftL efiff -9'F6_, c7f/ du/ ftL efiff -vfd÷kfª_ / sfOs] efiff u/ L tLg e]bx? / x]sf b]lvG5g\ . dWoklZrd If]qdf ;+of]un] oL tLg} du/ efiffx? af]lnG5g\ . d"ntM / fKtL If]qdf c7f/ du/ ftL efiffsf] g} afx'Notf 5 eg] / fKtLsf] klZrd bfª / e]/ Lsf] afFs] / ;'v]{tsf s]xL :yfgdf afx| du/ ftL efiff klg af]lnG5 . ;fy} s0ff{nL c~rnsf] 8f]Nkf lhNnfdf sfOs] efiff af]lnG5 . ;flxlTos l;h{gfsf b[li6n] sfOs] efiffdf vf;} s]xL ePsf] kfOFb}g eg] cGo b'O{ efiffdf s]xL k|of; ePsf b]lvG5g\ . To;df klg o; If]qdf c7f/ du/ ftL efiffdf g} cln a9L ;flxlTos ultljlwx? ePsf 5g\ .

du/ hfltsf] dft[efiffnfO{ du/ efiff elgG5 . g]kfnsf ljleGg k|d'v / fli6«o efiffx?dWo] du/ efiff klg Ps xf] . du/ efiffsf] cWoog / rrf{sf] Oltxf; k'/ fg} 5 . ;j{k|yd ljlnod ss{Kofl6««sn] g]kfnsf af/ ]df cWoog u/ ]/ tof/ kf/ ]sf] cfkm\gf] k|l;4 k':ts Pg csfpG6 ckm b lsª\8d ckm g]kfn -an account of the kingdom of Nepal_ sf] 7fpF–7fpFdf du/ hfltsf] pNn]v ug{'sf ;fy} du/ efiffsf af/ ]df klg rrf{ u/ ]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !&(# af6 g]kfnaf/ ] cWoog ug{ yfn]sf eP klg of] k':ts pgn] ;g\ !*!! df k|sflzt u/ ]sf] b]lvG5 . ss{Kofl6«skl5 x]ldN6g, xf]h;g\, xG6/ , hf]g laD;, lu|o;{g, df]g]h:tf ljleGg ljb]zL ljåfgx?n] du/ efiffsf af/ ]df ljleGg :j?ksf cWoogx? u/ ]sf 5g\ . o;}u/ L :j=cof]Wofk|;fb k|wfgn] la=;+= !((^ ;fnd} P;=Pd=lk=lk= u'Ktfsf] gfdaf6 du/ s'/ f lzIff / du/ zAb ;ª\u|x eGg] k':ts 5kfP/ du/ efiff -9'F6_sf If]qdf k|yd Jofs/ 0fsf/ sf] klxrfg :yflkt u/ ]sf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 eg] nfdf] ;do;Dd du/ efiff / Jofs/ 0fsf af/ ]df vf;} sfd ePsf] b]lvb}g . o; qmddf @)#^ ;fndf 8f=s]z/ hª\u a/ fn du/ åf/ f n]lvPsf] du/ s'/ f s'6\ h6\d 80fSs] -du/ s'/ f s;/ L af]Ng]_ h:tf s[lt k|sflzt eP eg] @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/ jt{gkl5 8f=xif{axfb'/ a'9fdu/ n] du/ efiff Jofs/ 0fsf] k|f?k / ;ª\lIfKt zAbsf]z -du/ –/ f]dg–lnDa"–c+u]|hL_ eGg] k':ts ;Dkfbg u/ ]sf 5g\ . o:t} nf]saxfb'/ yfkf du/ n] @)%@ ;fnd} g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ljåtj[lQdf tof/ u/ ]sf] du/ ftL efiffsf] Jofs/ 0fh:tf dxTjk"0f{ s[ltx? klg n]lvPsf 5g\ . afx| du/ ftsf ;fy;fy} c7f/ du/ ft efiff / ;flxTodf klg o; aLrdf s]xL sfdx? ePsf b]lvG5g\ .

cfˆgf] efiffsf] cWoogsf If]qdf h:t} cfˆgf] dft[efiffsf] ;flxTo l;h{gfdf klg k"j]{nLeGbf klZrdL du/ x? s]xL k5fl8 / x]sf 5g\ . k"j]{nL du/ x?sf] dft[efiff 9'F6 du/ df eGbf klZrd]nL du/ x?n] af]Ng] vfd jf kfª du/ efiff;flxTodf Tolt sfdx? ePsf b]lvb}gg\ . ck]Iffs[t ?kdf k5fl8 / x]sf] eP klg / fKtLdf du/ efiff;flxTosf If]qdf s]xL sfdx? eg] cjZo ePsf 5g\ . lnlvt ;flxTosf] k/ Dk/ f Tolt nfdf] geP klg clnlvt ;flxTo jf nf]s;flxTosf b[li6n] eg] klZrd]nL e]usf du/ x? klg lgs} ;DkGg b]lvG5g\ . d}n]/ f uLt, s7f}/ L uLt, Hof]df/ ] uLt, d[To;+:sf/ uLth:tf w]/ } uLtx? / f]Nkf–?s'dsf du/ ;dfhdf cfh klg hLljt g} 5g\, oBlk ltgsf] ;f]wvf]h eg] cem}+ x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

clxn];Dd k|fKt tYosf cfwf/ df du/ efiffdf ;flxTo n]vgsf] cf/ De ;j{k|yd lj/ f6gu/ sf ;flxTosf/ Pj+ efiffljb\ afns[i0f kf]v/ ]nsf] sndaf6 cf/ De ePsf] dflgG5 . pgn] sfg'ª nfd -xfd|f] af6f]_ eGg] du/ efiffdf sljtf ;+u|x k|sflzt u/ ]sf lyP . To;kl5 b]lvPsf hLtaxfb'/ l;+hfnL du/ / / ]vaxfb'/ yfkf du/ n] o;tkm{ hfFu/ b]vfPsf x'g\ . sltko k'/ fgf] k':tf / clwsf+z gofF t/ ]nLsf k|ltefx? cfh o; efiffsf] l;h{gf / pTyfgdf lqmofzLn alg/ x]sf 5g\ . o;n] o; efiff;flxTosf] cfufdL pHofnf] ofqfsf] ;ª\s]t g} ub{5 .

:ofª\hf sf]6fsf]6 a]zLsf hLtaxfb'/ l;+hfnL du/ / le/ sf]6 tgx'F -kl5 gjnk/ f;Ldf a;fOF ;/ ]sf_ sf / ]vaxfb'/ yfkf du/ b'a}n] ldn]/ du/ ef;fª\ ;'?cf} lstfa -lj=;+= @)!^÷!& lt/ _ tyf du/ fF6L ef;fª\ lNxª ª 6'Ssfcf} lstfa -lj=;+= @)!*÷!( lt/ _ b'a} du/ efiffdf k|sflzt u/ ]sf lyP . kl5 oL b'a} lstfax? @)$* ;fndf nf]saxfb'/ yfkf du/ sf] k|sfzgdf bf];|f] ;+:s/ 0f lg:s]sf lyP . du/ efiff;flxTosf If]qdf oL s[ltx?sf] k|sfzgnfO{ P]ltxfl;s 36gfsf ?kdf lng] ul/ G5 . u'NdLsf] n'Dk]sdf hlGdPsf slj hLtaxfb'/ l;+hfnLsf] 3/ eg] :ofª\hf, sf]6fsf]6 a];L xf] . t/ pgL @)@$ ;fnb]lv eg] / f]Nkf / @)@& ;fnkl5 bfªsf] / fhk'/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltcGtu{t kg]{ vfª\u|f gfsfdf :yfoL a;f]af; ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . cf}krfl/ s ?kn] sf7df08f}+ g]:gn sn]h -xfnsf] z+s/ b]j SofDk;_ af6 c+u|]hL ljifodf cfO{=P= pQL0f{ u/ ]/ ljleGg 7fpFdf lzIf0f ub{} lx8]sf l;+hfnLn] hLjgsf] k|foM k"/ } ;do PSnf] / ofofj/ Lo z}nLdf JotLt u/ ]sf eP klg pgn] g} ;j{k|yd du/ efiff;flxTosf] Pp6f alnof] hu lgdf{0f u/ ]sf lyP . pgsf udg, uf]nefj, a'4bz{gh:tf du/ efiffsf cGo s[ltx? klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ eg] ;Gt'ng, gofF af6f], lzIff, gofF df]8, ;'s'Daf;Lh:tf g]kfnL efiffsf s[ltx? klg k|sflzt ePsf b]lvG5g\ . pgn] du/ ;flxTosf If]qdf ljlzi6 / P]ltxfl;s of]ubfg u/ ]sf 5g\ . kqklqsfdf k|sflzt pgsf km'6s/ l;h{gfx? klg w]/ } 5g\ . / fKtL If]qs} ;a}eGbf h]7f] ;flxlTos ;+:yf / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ -@)#$_ n] lgoldt?kdf k|sflzt ub}{ cfO/ x]sf] cGtWj{lg ;flxlTos q}dfl;s klqsfsf] @)^^ ;fpg–c;f]h cª\s / fKtLsf efiff ljz]iffª\ssf ?kdf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o;df l;+hfnLsf b'Oj6f sljtfsf ;fy} pgL;DaGwL ;fdu|L klg k|sflzt ePsf] 5 .

/ fKtLsf] du/ efiff;flxTodf ?s'd ts;]/ fsf / 0fk|;fb 3tL{ du/ sf] of]ubfg klg dxTjk"0f{ / x]sf] 5 . @)^@ ;fndf pgsf] a+zfjnL gfds s[lt k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o;} jif{ pgsf] vfd du/ bGTosyf g]kfnL cg'jfb;lxt / vfd du/ efiff s;/ L af]Ng] < eGg] s[lt klg kf7s;dIf cfPsf 5g\ . o;} aif{ pgsf] vfd g]kfnL zAbsf]z klg k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . 3tL{sf vfd–c+u|]hL zAbsf]z, du/ sf] / fhgLlts kl/ ro, du/ ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ / gftf ;DaGw, teach yourself kham-english, Basic Study -vfd, g]kfnL, c+u|]hL, hd{g_ cflb cGo s[ltx? klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .

/ f]NkfsL ads'df/ L a'9f du/ sf hLtxf/ -sljtf ;+u|x–@)%%_, kf] cf]Nhf 5]ªf -n]v;+u|x– @)%%_, du/ sd{sf08 -@)%^_, dª\ª/ kfª\ng\ kf] n dLg\ -zAb;+u|x–@)^$_, ;xlnGof d? / ] kf]sf -cg'jfb, @)%(_ h:tf g]kfnL / du/ b'a} efiffsf s[ltx? k|sflzt ePsf b]lvG5g\ . o;afx]s pgsf du/ efiff / ;+:s[lt;DaGwL w]/ } n]v, cfn]v / sfo{kqx? ljleGg kqklqsfdf k|sflzt 5g\ . o;}u/ L du/ efiff / Jofs/ 0fsf If]qdf / f]Nkfs} Pr=aL=yfkf du/ n] b]vfPsf] hfFu/ klg k|z+;gLo 5 . yfkfn] @)%( ;fnd} vfd du/ ftL efiff

kl/ ro eGg] k':ts k|sflzt u/ ]/ kf7s;dIf NofPsf x'g\ . du/ ft Oltxf;, k|frLg du/ x?h:tf s[ltx? klg pgn] n]v]sf 5g\ . pgsf s]xL s[ltx? cª\u|]hLdf klg k|sflzt 5g\ .

/ f]Nkfs} h'lQmk|;fb k'g du/ n] klg vfd du/ efiffsf] ;+/ If0fdf ?lr b]vfPsf 5g\ . @)%! b]lv @)%# ;fn;Dd du/ efiff -9'F6_df / ]l8of] g]kfn s]Gb|Lo k|;f/ 0f s]Gb|af6 ;dfrf/ eg]/ tyf @)%& b]lv @)^) ;Dd ;'v]{t k|;f/ 0f s]Gb|df / x]/ vfd efiffdf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmd rnfP/ pgn] o; If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ sfd u/ ]sf 5g\ . pgsf du/ efiffsf s]xL sljtf g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ;okqL klqsfdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . ;fy} pgsf] @)%! ;fndf vfd du/ kfªn' t'g'hf / f]M / 8'lK;Gofkf] eGg] zAb;+u|x k|sflzt ePsf] 5 eg] @)^! ;fndf vfd–g]kfnL c+u]|hL–vfd–du/ –kfª\n' zAbsf]z k|sflzt eP/ kf7s;dIf cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

/ f]Nkf pjfsf k]|dk|sfz dfofn' hLPdn] klg @)^% ;fndf o'ªnf / f] gfds vfd du/ efiffsf sljtfs[lt k|sflzt u/ ]sf 5g\ . ;fy} pgsf du/ efiffsf sljtf, uhn, d'Qmsx? ;d]t ljleGg kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . / f]Nkf pjfd} hlGdPsf Jof]d hL cjtf/ n] klg du/ efiff;flxTodf snd rnfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] ;f]Rof] s] gfds du/ efiffsf] uhn;ª\u|x @)^^ ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] b]lvG5 . pgsf] du/ efiffsf] sljtfs[lt RjfF;Lj k/ L -@)^*_ klg k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . pgsf km'6s/ / rgfx? klg kqklqsfdf k|sflzt 5g\ . o;}u/ L ts;]/ f ?s'dsf s0f{axfb'/ a'9f du/ n] klg du/ kfª eGg] du/ efiffsf] zAbsf]z n]v]/ k|sflzt u/ ]sf 5g\ . o:t} / f]Nkf ld?nsf hLjg / f]sf du/ / tf/ fdfg dfemfnLsf] luGdL ªftf sf]:ofnL -@)^@_ gfds ;+o'Qm sljtf ;ª\u|x klg k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o;}u/ L yjfª, / f]Nkfsf Owf{;L emfFqmL du/ n] ªf ªfs:6nf du/ gfds sljtfs[lt k|sflzt u/ ]sf 5g\ . / f]Nkf yjfªsf wgaxfb'/ / f]sf du/ n] du/ efiffsf] zAbsf]z n]v]sf] w]/ } aif{ k'lu;Sof] t/ k|sfzg cefjn] cem} kf7s;dIf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

o; ;Gbe{df ads'df/ L a'9f du/ sf] ;Dkfbgdf sf7df08f}+af6 sf]~hf–df?d -@)%%_, bfªaf6 6Lsf/ fd a'9fsf] ;Dkfbgdf du/ cfjfh -@)%!_, g]kfn du/ ljBfyL{ ;ª\3, dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk; OsfO{n] k|sfzg ug]{ ldld{/ ], hghflt;DaGwL ljljw ljifo / ;Gbe{df s]lGb|t vf]hd"ns ;fdu|Lx?sf sf/ 0f lgs} nf]slk|o ag]sf] cflbaf;L d~r, g]kfn du/ ljBfyL{ ;ª\3, / f]Nkfsf] ;fª, Pr=aL= yfkf -vfd_n] ;Dkfbg u/ ]sf ;f]/ f], dFuf]nnufot ljleGg, du/ / fli6«o d'lQmdf]rf{ g]kfn / fKtLIf]qn] k|sflzt u/ ]sf] sxnf -@)^@_, g]kfn du/ ;fF:s[lts ;ª\3 s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] sf7df08f}+af6 k|sfzg u/ ]sf] ofgLdfofh:tf klqsfx?nfO{ klg la;{g ;lsb}g . o:t} / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf] cGtWj{lg q}dfl;s klqsfn] @)^^ ;fn ;fpg–c;f]h cª\snfO{ / fKtLsf efiff ljz]iffª\ssf ?kdf ;fjh{lgs u/ ]sf] 5 . o;df yf? efiffkl5 du/ efiffs} w]/ } ;fdu|Lx? / x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn du/ n]vs ;ª\3 lhNnf ;ldlt / f]Nkfsf] aflif{s d'vkq rfp od -@)^(_ k|sflzt 5 . / fKtL If]qdf du/ efiffsf rnlrq / a[Qlrq lgdf{0fdf klg s]xL o'jfx?n] rf;f] b]vfPsf 5g\ . 3fj gfª\vf/ , h]bf]], df]8\ofNgL o:t} gd'gf rnlrq x'g\ eg] e"Dof zLif{sdf ljleGg a[Qlrqx? klg ag]sf 5g\ . o;}u/ L h]gL dof, u]dL dofF, pHofnf] tfs] h:tf PNadx? klg ahf/ df cfPsf 5g\ . o:t} kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfP/ / fKtLsf s]xL du/ o'jfx?n] cfkm\gf] efiff;flxTosf] pGgogsf nflu eg]/ ;+:yfut k|of;x? klg ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} ultljlwx?sf] rrf{af6 / fKtLdf du/ efiff;flxTosf] pTyfgdf qmdzM rf;f] / k|of; a9\g yfn]sf 5g\, oBlk cem}+ w]/ } sfdx? ug{ eg] afFsL g} 5g\ .

qq

/fKtLsf] du/ ;flxTok|To]s dfG5] k/ Dk/ f / k|ultaf6 u'lh|b} cfPsf] x'G5 . x'ls{b} uPsf] afnsn] cfdfs} sfvaf6 hLjg/ Iff, efiff, efj, hLjgz}nL l;Sb} hfG5 . o:t} l;sfOs} qmddf Tof] afnsn] k|ult ub}{ hfG5 . ddtfdoL cfdfsf] xfjefj, r]i6f / Jojxf/ g} klxnf] df}g ;flxTo xf], h;df lxtefjgf dfq lgxLt x'G5 . log}af6 k|]/ 0ff kfP/ dflg;n] cfkm\gf] nIf lgwf{/ 0f u5{ . ToxL nIfdf k'Ug ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0f aG5g\ . To;s} hudf bz{g / l;4fGt aG5g\ . ctM eGg ;lsG5 hLjg ;hfpg] sfddf ;flxTosnf dfu{bz{s aG5 . ;flxTo g} hu xf] . afFsL t pkl/ / rgf x'g\ .

dflysf s'/ f cfkm\g} ef]ufOaf6 l;lsPsf tYo x'g\ / ;To klg x'g\ . km/ s ef]ufOsf km/ s ;To x'g ;Snfg\ . hLjgnfO{ ;+:s[lt, snf / cGo 1fg–lj1fgsf If]qdf nufpg]x?n] k|ult / k/ Dk/ f a'em]gg\ eg] cfkm\g} hLjgnfO{ ;xL lbzf lbg ;Sb}gg\ . d]/ f] nflu t hLjg g} ;flxTon] el/ e/ fp 5 . o;sf] k|sfzdf lx8\g] d]/ f] sf]l;; / xG5 . o;kfln klg o:t} eof] . d]/ f cgGo ldq n]vgfy 1jfnLsf] rf}yf] :d[lt lbj; dgfpg Pslbg] g]kfnu~hsf] ;'vb\ ofqfaf6 kms]{/ b'O{rf/ k+lQm sf]b}{5' .

n]vgfy 1jfnL;Fu d]/ f] k|yd ;fIffTsf/ ePsf] lyof] @)## ;fndf . ;+of]u s:tf] k/ ]5 eg] Tolta]nf pgL g]kfnu~hdf kqsfl/ tf uy]{ eg] d bfªaf6 . kqsf/ ;fyLx?sf] vf]hLdf nfUbf g]kfnu~hdf 1jfnL, kGgfnfn u'Ktf, k"0f{nfn r's]h:tf !)÷!@ hgf ;fyLx?dWo] v} lsg xf], 1jfnLhL;Fu d]/ f] efjgfTds ;DaGw a9L eof] . a9L rf]vf] x[bosf], lgi7fjfg\, ;/ n a9L ldng;fl/ tf ePsf] JolQm 1jfnL;Fu d]/ f] ;DaGw ufFl;g k'Uof] . pxfF lat]sf] klg rf/ jif{ eof] . t/ 1jfnL d]/ f] x[bodf a:g' ePsf]eo} 5 . pxfFsf] cfbz{ lyof], …k|f0f hfo arg g hfoÚ cyf{t\ lghL :jfy{af6 6f9f eO{ cfkm\g} lgi7fdf / xg] .

cfhef]ln nf]e / df]xaf6 6f9f / xg] JolQmTj kfpg ;fx|} sl7g 5 . t/ 1jfnL To;af6 ;w}+ 6f9f / xg'eof] . o:t} sf/ 0fn] pxfFn] cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo hf]ufpg ;Sg'ePg / SofG;/ af6 pxfFsf] rfF8f] lgwg eof] . o:tf lgi7fjfg\ JolQmTjnfO{ hf]ufpg] r]t xfd|f] ;dfhdf sd} 5 . o:tf dfldnfdf ;/ sf/ t alx/ f] / cGwf]h:t} 5 . g]tfx? cfkm"nfO{ 3]g]{ dflg;sf kL8f dfq b]Vg / ;'Gg ;S5g\ . 1jfnLh:tf :jfledfg arfpg]x?sf] hLjgnfO{ arfpg' cfkm\gf] bfloTj a'em\b}gg\ .

1jfnLhLsf] c;fdlos lgwgkl5 pxfFsf 5f]/ f5f]/ L, kl/ jf/ hg / lgs6 Oi6ldqx?n] slj n]vgfy 1jfnL k|lti7fg gfdsf] ;+:yf v8f u/ ]/ pxfFsf] JolQmTj / s[ltTjnfO{ hLljt / fVg] h'g dxfg\ p2]Zo lng'eof] To;sf] hlt avfg u/ ] klg yf]/ } x'G5 . pxfFsf :d[lt lbj;x?df d klg ;fd]n x'Fb} cfPsf] 5' . d}n] 1jfnLnfO{ ;fdfGotM kqsf/ sf] ?kdf lrg]–hfg]sf] lyPF . k|lti7fgn] t d]/ f] yk cfFvf vf]lnlbof] . pxfF t slj, n]vs, uLtsf/ , gf6ssf/ / c;n lzIfs klg x'g'x'Fbf]/ x]5 . cfkm\g}af/ ] cfkm}n] aofg gug]{ pxfFsf] :jefjaf6 d sfon ePF . k|lti7fgsf] tTk/ tfdf pxfFsf] ljljw cfofdn] el/ Psf] hLjgL / s[ltx? k9\bf w]/ } s'/ f v'Nof] .

n]vgfyhLsf] !% jif]{ sd{ynf] g]kfnu~h ag]sfn] rf}yf] :d[lt;ef klg Tot} dgfOof] . ;ef a'6jn, bfª / g]kfnu~hsf] ;+ud:ynh:t} aGg k'Uof] . g]kfnL nf]sufogsf cys ;fws slj Pj+ uLtsf/ k|]dk|sfz dNn …dw's/ Ú nfO{ b'O{÷tLg hgfn] af]s]/ d~rdf cf;Lg u/ fpg'k/ ]sf] b[Zon] ;a}nfO{ efj's agfof] . pxfFnfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ , ;Ddfg–kq / !% xhf/ sf] / fzLn] k'/ :s[t ubf{ w]/ } xiff{>' au] . To:t} 1jfnLhLsf csf{ g]kfnu~h a:bfsf lgs6 ;xof]uL jl/ i7 kqsf/

k"0f{nfn r's]sf] ;Ddfg klg ;fGble{s nfUof] .

;f] cj;/ df 8f= lzjk|;fb kf}8]nsf] …slj n]vgfy 1jfnLsf] sljtf s[ltsf] cWoogÚ gfds tLg ;o &^ kfgfsf] k':ts / 1jfnLhLsL h]7L 5f]/ L / Def kf}8]nsf] (@ k]hsf] bf];|f] kfOnf ljdf]rg ug]{ cj;/ h'6\bf ;'vb\ cg'e"lt eof] . g]kfnu~hsf] k|v/ udL{ ;x]/ rf/ 306fsf] nfdf] ;do lat]sf] kQ} ePg . ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt / snfsf] If]qdf ;/ sf/ L gh/ sdhf]/ eP klg dft[b]jf] ejM lkt[b]jf] ejM h:tf hf]ufO/ fVg'kg]{ pbfQ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/ If0fdf ;Gtlt / aGw'afGwj Pj+ Oi6ldqx?n] :d[lt u|Gy k|sflzt ug]{, :d[lt lbj; dgfpg] k/ Dk/ fsf] / fd|f] yfngL a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

g]kfnu~hsf] ;flxlTos dfxf]n klg pT;fxjw{s 9+un] rfvnfUbf] x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ToxfF jflrt sljtf, uhn / d'Qmsx? :j/ / z}nL b'a} b[li6n] pQd vfnsf 5g\ . d]/ f] ef]ufOdf @)!@ ;fnlt/ klxnf] k6s g]kfnu~h k'u]/ ;fj{hlgs?kdf af]Ng'kbf{ lxGbL efiffd} sgLs'yL af]Ng'kg]{ afWotf;Fu cfhsf] t'ngf x'g} ;Sb}g . slj, uLtsf/ Pj+ ufos k|]dk|sfz dNn …dw's/ Úh:tf cg]sg gofF k'/ fgf k':tfx?n] cfkm\gf] efiff Pj+ ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg sfod / fVg ;kmn 5g\ h:tf] cg'e"lt eof] .

v}, c?nfO{ s:tf] x'G5 s'lGg, dnfO{ eg] ;fyLx?sf] ;+ut kfPkl5 gofF pmhf{ ylkPsf] cg'ej x'G5 . !* 306fsf] ;fyLx?;Fusf] ;xjf; d]/ f] nflu pTk]|/ s / :d/ 0fLo / x\of] . k|]dk|sfz dNnsf b'O{j6f ;–;fgf s[lt em08} k9L EofpFb}5' . ;fy} 8f=lzj / 5f]/ L / Def kf}8]nsf s[ltn] klg d]/ f] dg 5f]of] . yk 1jfnLhLsL alxgL d]/ f cgGo ldq dbg kf}8]nsL hLjg;+lugL b'uf{ kf}8]n / dbgnfn kf}8]nsf] …sfpAjfosf] b]zdfÚ tLg ;o k]hsf] cd]l/ sf ofqf j0f{g / f]rs nfUof] . ;a} plNnlvt s[ltx? pNn]Vo Pj+ dd{:kzL{ 5g\ . d]/ f] ;fdfGo l;+xfjnf]sgn] dnfO{ Totflt/ lgs} s'ts'Tofof] . ;fy} syfsf/ u'?bQ 1jfnLsf] …af]lS;gL cfdfÚ oyfy{k/ s cu|Ld kfOnf rfNg pTk|]l/ t syf ;+u|x ;kmn / gjLg k|of]u h:tf] nfUof] .

cGtdf, dNnhL / 1jfnLhLsf b'O{–rf/ k+lQmx? h:tfsf] t:t} ptfg'{ Psbd} af~5gLo nfUof] . hf] o;k|sf/ 5g\–

;+uLgn] 3f]+r] klg / f]lsPg :j/ cTofrf/ L e|i6frf/ L cfkm} eP rf]/ b]z ;]jL hgtfsf] slxn] eof] xf/ ;f/ } rf]vf] x'Fbf]/ }Ú5 x[bosf] Kof/ ***cFWof/ f]df af6f] s7} xTs]nfdf Hofglx8\g'kYof]{ n'sLl5kL csf]{ 3/ hfg sfg]v';L af]Ng'kg]{ s:tf] lyof] lbg g]kfnL xf] ;dosf] dflg;nfO{ lrg***Pp6f lht ePsf] 5 g]kfnLsf] cfh / fVg' knf{ g]kfnLn] km]l/ klg nfh b]Vbf b]Vb} cfOk'Uof] ax'bn .

–n]vgfy 1jfnLof] hf] dfG5] 5 ;aeGbf klxn] dfG5] g} x'G5 ***/ x]g ca ;+j]bgzLntf sljx?df Jojxf/ df klg ***h;n] v'b ef]lusg n]v]sf] x'G5 p;n] g} sljtfnfO{ k|ToIf b]v]sf] x'G5

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pQm ;df/ f]xdf latl/ t / jflrt l;h{gfx? clwsf+z hLjgd"ns h:t} nfUof] . w/ tLsf ufos, hgtfsf :j/ ;fwgf ug]{ cd/ ufos n]vgfy 1jfnL / k|]dk|sfz dNnnfO{ sf]6L–sf]6L aGbgf .

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7"nf ePkl5 lal;{P/ tL ;f/f cfZjf;g / c7f]6x?cfk;d} emu8f ul//x]sf 5g\Ps lrD6L df6f]sf] lglDt n'5fn'5 ul//x]5g\ kmut sf];]nL / n'ufkmf6f]sf] lglDt

hlt lbP klg ;DklQ / dfof cfkm"nfO{ eGbf c?nfO{ a9L lbPsf] dfG5g\la8Dagf Û ;DklQh:t} lkt[ ;]jf klg a08f nflub]cf];\ eGg] kf] 7fG5g\

eG5g\ /] Û;fFp;bf]{ x'Fbf dfq cfkm"sxfF cfpmg\czQm / la/fdL x'Fbf a[4f>d hfpmg\Vj}} Û cfhsn t PghLcf] cfOPghLcf]s]–s] hflt v'n]÷rn]]sf 5g\k'0o ug]{ eg]sfx? ltg}} 5Fb}5g\ eGb}ltg}n] g} :ofxfg{ n}hfpmg\cem yK5g\ /] a? /fVg}kg]{ eP clnslt cIfosf]if /flvlbpFnfpgLx?s} gfpFdfpgLx?sf] d[To'kl5 dxfg cIfobftfsf] k|df0f–kq a?u8\u8fx6 tfnLsf aLrdf yfkL lbpFnf

lhpFbf] 5Fbf cfz glbg]x?n] d/]kl5 ;fv lbg]5g\ egL d s;/L cfkm"nfO{ cfZj:t kf?F < eGg';\ t xh'/ lhpFbf]df e/k]6 vfgf glbg]x?sf] xftaf6 d/]kl5 lk08– vL/kfpg]df d s;/L laZjf; u?F <

olta]nf ;DemG5'–d}n] cfkm} klg lkt[ ;]jfdf s] slt ul/gF <em:sG5' st} d cfkm}afpnfO{ kmfn]sf] 8f]sf] 5f]/fn] klg d]/} nflu htgn] /fVg] sf]6Ldf t kl/gF <olta]nf aNn d]/f] cGt/x[bodf clnslt kZrftfk nfu]sf] 5d]/f] dgleq s]xL a9L x/]s a[4a[4fx?k|lt >4f hfu]sf] 5 .

cfkm"nfO{ hGdfpg] afa'cfdfnfO{ klgnf}/fn] lxsf{pg] 5g\ /] slt ;Gtfgx?argn] Ho"Fb} dfg]{ klg u5{g\ /] slt s'nª\uf/x?Vj}+ s;/L ;'g'FlhpFbf ;lxbk|ltsf ckdfgsf syfx?Vj}+ sxfF uP/ kf]v"F cfkm\g} eljiodfly gfr]sf t/af/sf Aoyfx?

d]/f] dfq ofrgf 5ug'{ gug'{ u/L h;/L d kZrftfkdf cfh k/]+x], cfhsf ;Gtltx? xf] ÛltdLx? lkt[ ckdfgsf] bhf{df slxNo} gk/]ltdLx? lhpFbf Oltxf;sf] cgfb/ ug]{sfo/x?df slxNo} gk/] ltdLx?n] cfkm" ;lsP/ klglkt[ ag]sf Ho]i7td\ gful/sx?sf] ;]jf ;w}+ u/]cfkm"eGbf Ho]i7nfO{ ;w}+–;w}+ ;Ddfg u/]Ho]i7 gful/sx?sf] cfzLjf{b kfpg] xsbf/df k/]ltdL;Fu d]/f] dfq oxL ofrgf 5ltdLdf ;w}+ ;'ljrf/ / ;';+:sf/ cfcf];\d]/f] xflb{s–xflb{s z'esfdgf 5 .

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g]kfn a'l4hLjL kl/ ifb bfªn] k|sfzg u/ ]sf] aflif{s d'vkq k|ltlaDa -@)&! a}zfv_ jif{ !# c+s $, k"0ff{Í $ ev{/ } k|sfzg ePsf] 5 . aflif{s d'vkq elgPsfn] jif{el/ sf lqmofsnfk ;dfj]z x'g' :jefljs g} xf] .

o;cl3 o;sf tLgj6f c+s cfO;s]sf 5g\ .

@)^( a}zfv !( ut] lhNnf ;Dd]ngåf/ f k|fWofks >Lw/ zdf{ dhu}+ofFsf] g]t[Tjdf ;j{;Ddt rog ePsf] lhNnf sfo{;ldlt bfªn] k|ltlaDanfO{ k|sfzg u/ ]sf] xf] . k|ltlaDasf] k|sfzg cf/ De ePsf] !# jif{df k"0f{ c+s rf/ k|sfzg cfkm}df cfZro{ nfU5 . h]xf];\, a'l4hLjL kl/ ifb\sf] of] sfo{;ldltn] kf7sdfem gofF c+s k:sg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . o;dfg]df a'l4hLjL kl/ ifb\sf] jt{dfg sfo{ ;ldltk|lt ;fw'jfb .

jflif{s d'vkqleq bfª lhNnfcGtu{tsf ;fwf/ 0f ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL, gofF lhNnf ;ldlt u7g ePb]lvsf ultljlwsf ;fydf k7gof]Uo n]v / rgfx? ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . o;}leq b'Oj6f sljtf 5g\ klxnf] sljtf lul/ / fh zdf{sf] …o;avtÚ zLif{sdf / x]sf] 5 eg] bf]>f] sljtf …k|Zg} k|ZgÚ zLif{sdf k'?iff]Qd vgfnsf] / x]sf] 5 . b'a} sljtfn] b]zsfn af]n]sf 5g\ .

o;df tLgj6f lgaGw 9fFrfsf cfn]vx? 5g\ . klxnf] lgaGw zfGtf rf}w/ Ln] ul/ aLaf6 d'lQm zLif{sdf tof/ kfg'{ePsf] 5 . o; cfn]vn] g]kfnLn] ef]u]sf jf:tljs 36gf, g]kfnLsf] cfjfh / jt{dfg g]kfnsf] k|ltlaDa 5 eg] e'jg b]jsf]6fsf] k};f / aGb's zLif{ssf] lgaGwdf lxhf]sf lbgdf h;n] aGb'saf6 ;Qf sAhf ug{ rfx] o;af6 n5f/ kf6f] nfUb}g jf:tljs ;Qf hganaf6 cfpF5 eGg] ;Gb]z / x]sf] 5 .

o;df ;dfj]z t]>f] lgaGw dlxnf ;zlQms/ 0f zLif{sdf kßf kf}8]nn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] dlxnfx? ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs, / fhgLlts, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts If]qdf e]befjsf lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 lgk6f/ f kfpg k/ Dk/ fut wf/ 0ffdf gclNemP/ gjLg d"No;lxt cufl8 a9]df ;d'Ggt

/ fi6« lgdf{0f x'g;S5 eGg] wf/ 0ff / fVg'ePsf] 5 . k|ltlaDasf] o; c+sdf Pp6f dfq syf 5 . a'l4hLjL kl/ ifb\ bfªsf ;fwf/ 0f ;b:o kßk|;fb zdf{n] syfdfkm{t\ ljs[ltsf] lr/ kmf/ ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ .

k|ltlaDasf] rf}yf] c+sdf o'j/ fh 1jfnL, zª\s/ kf]v|]n, 8f=ljho s'df/ kf}8]n, p4j Gof}kfg] / ;'/ fdl0f a]naf;]sf / fhgLlts cfn]vx? 5g\ . h'g cfn]vx? Pdfn]sf] gjf}+ dxflwj]zg;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . o; c+sdf tLgj6f vf]hd"ns cfn]vx? 5g\, h;nfO{ lji0f'k|;fb bfxfn, kxnaxfb'/ 8fFuL / lzjs'df/ ;'j]bLn] tof/ kfg'{ePsf] 5 .

o; c+sdf ;dfj]z cfn]v / cGo / rgfx?dWo] ;a}eGbf nf]slk|o / ;jf{lws rrf{df / x]sf] lzjs'df/ ;'j]bLsf] cfn]v / x]sf] 5 . pxfFn] …lqmldofsf] ljnog / g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo / fHo k'gM;+/ rgf M Ps b[li6Ú zLif{sdf tof/ kfg'{ePsf] 5 . of] cfn]v lgs} ljrf/ pQ]hs 5 / / fHo k'gM;+/ rgfsf af/ ]df sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfpg]x?n] cem vf]h]/ } k9\g'kg]{5 . / fHosf] k'gM;+/ rgf ghfg]sfx?af6 of] / fHosf] ;ª\3Lo k|b]zsf] l;df sf]l/ of] eg] b]z aaf{b x'g] 7f]s'jf ub}{ pxfF cfn]vsf] cGtdf eGg'x'G5– …Oltxf;df s;}sf] pklgj]z gag]sf] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf / cv08tf cIf'00f / xg'kb{5 . / 0fgLlt / hftLo zlQm ;Gt'ng ug{ g;Sbf lqmldofn] ef]Ug'k/ ]sf] ljnogsf] kL8faf6 kf7 l;Sb} ljv08gsf] ;f]+r s;}n] ;f]Rg} g;Sg] u/ L pQ/ blIf0f / fHosf]

k'gM;+/ rgf ug'{ clxn]sf] cfjZostf / b"/ bzL{tf xf] .Ú k|ltlaDan] lzjs'df/ sf] cfn]v k|sfzg u/ ]/ / fd|f] u'0f nufPsf] 5 . of] cfn]v cWoog / dgg ug{ h?/ L 5 . lgs} vf]h cg';Gwfg u/ ]/ tof/ kfl/ Psf] of] cfn]vn] a'l4hLjLsf] 9fFrf emNsfpF5 .

k|ltlaDadf k|sflzt csf]{ cfn]v k"jL{o bz{gdf gf/ LnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fsf af/ ]df rrf{ ul/ Psf] 5 . cfn]v x]bf{ ;fdfGo nfu] klg o;n] uxg ljrf/ af]s]sf] 5 . k|fWofks

>Lw/ zdf{ dhu}+ofn] tof/ kfg'{ePsf] cfn]vdf k"jL{o bz{gn] dlxnfdfly cGofo u/ ]sf] 5}g cWoogsf] sdLn] gf/ Lx?df ckx]ngf ul/ Psf] 5 eGg] lgisif{ / x]sf] 5 .

k|ltlaDadf ;+u|lxt bfª lhNnfsf] kl/ rodf s]Gb|Lt cfn]v nfndl0f kf}8]nn] tof/ kfg'{ePsf] xf] . pxfFn] cfn]vdf bfªnfO{ ljleGg sf]0faf6 lrgfpg vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 . cfn]v / fd|f] 5 t/ o;df cem}+

vf]h u/ ]/ / fVg aGg] :yfgx? k|z:t / x]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ cWoog

ub}{ hfFbf ck"/ f] dx;'; x'G5 . k"0f{tflt/ n}hfg k'gn]{vg ug'{kg]{ cg'e"t x'G5 .

k|ltlaDasf] o; c+sdf hDdfhDdL !* j6f ;fdu|Lx? 5g\ . h;dWo] !^ j6f n]v / rgf 5g\ eg] Pp6f ;lrjsf] sndaf6 ;f+u7lgs k|ltj]bg 5 eg] cGtdf ;fwf/ 0f ;b:osf] gfdfjnL 5 . o;sf ;fy} g]kfn a'l4hLjL kl/ ifb\sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIfsf] z'esfdgf–kqn] k|ltlaDasf] rf}yf] c+ssf] ul/ df a9fPsf] 5 . To;s}} bf]>f] k[i7df

;DkfbsLo / k|sfzsLo 5 . ;DkfbsLo / k|sfzsLodf k|ltlaDa k|sfzgsf] cf}lrTosf ;fy} kl/ ifb\n] u/ ]sf s]xL sfo{x? pNn]v ul/ Psf] 5 . ;DkfbsLo / k|sfzsLo ;nn aUg g;s]sf] h:tf] nfUb5 . lhNnfsf] jflif{s d'vkqdf ;DkfbsLo / k|sfzsLo cnu–cnu n]lvPsf] eP / fd|f] x'g] lyof] h:tf] nfUb5 . cfj/ 0f snf lgs} cfsif{s 5 . d"t{–cd"t{ t:jL/ n] / fd|f] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

k|ltlaDa ;du| cWoog ubf{ cfufdL c+sdf s]xL s'/ f yk ug{ ;s] kf7ssf nflu cem ;ª\u|xgLo aGg]5 eGg] nfUb5 .

!= sfo{ ;ldltn] u/ ]sf sfo{x?sf kmf]6f]x? ;dfj]z ug]{ .

@= ;fdu|Lx?df uLt, sljtf, syf, bz{g, cGt/ jftf{nufotsf ljwfx? yk ug]{ .

#= cGo cfn]vx?df s]Gb|sf ;fydf :yfgLotfnfO{ clns k|fyldstf lbg] .

$= rf}yf] c+sn] b]pv'/ L / t'xL pkTosf 5'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfufdL c+sdf tL b'j} pkTosfsf lrqx? -n]v / rgf_ ;dfj]z ug]{ .

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s'g} s'/ f eGg ;xh x'G5, u/ ]/ b]vfpg ufx|f] cjZo x'G5 . t/ klg 3f6 tg]{x?n] v'§f sDkfP eg] 3f6 tg{ ;Sb}gg\ . j'l4hLjL eg]sf] c?sf] dg lhTg] JolQm xf] . ;fd, bfd, b08, e]bn] geP/ a'l4sf] rfnn] dg lhTg] ju{ xf] . p;sf x/ ]s l;h{gfx? ;w}+ dg lhTg] vfnsf / ljZjfl;nf x'g h?/ L 5 . hf] Jojxf/ / n]vgLsf dfWodaf6 b]lvg' kb{5 .

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bzsdf o;n] cem w]/} km8\sf] dfg]{ b]lvG5 .

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t/ d;Fu cfjfh lyPg .

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…dflns d kl/ >d u5'{ . csf]{ ;fn h;/ L lg lt5'{ .Ú

dflnssf] dg km]l/ Pg . p;n] s]xL ;f]Rg yfNof] . oBlk dflnSgLn] rnfv lyO . p;n] h'lQm lgsfnL .

…pm t]/ f] >LdtLsf] k]6df ePsf] aRrf aGwsL / fv]/ hf .Ú

ls;fgn] cfkm\gL >LdtLsf] cg'xf/ s]xL ;do x]¥of] . t/ s]xL af]Ng ;s]g . p;sL >LdtLn] 6fpsf] e'OFlt/ em'sfO / cfkm\gf] k]6nfO{ ;'D;'dfO . / cGttM dflnssf] OR5fcg';f/ ls;fgn] k]6sf] aRrf lujL{ / fVg afWo eof] . s7f]/ bf;tfx?sf] >[ª\vnfaf6 lbSs ePsf] d . d]/ } sf/ 0f km]l/ cfh s;}sf] lhGbuL of] ;+;f/ df kfOnf g6]Sb} bf; aGb} lyof] . Tof] ;do d cfkm}nfO{ w'hf–w'hf kfg{ dg nfUof] . cfkm\gf] ;f/ f j+z ljgf; ug{ dg nfUof] .

t/ d;Fu xftv'§f lyPgg\ Û

;do sf]N6] km]b}{ uof] . d a"9f] aGb} uPF . dfG5]sf lrGtg ablnb} uP . a"9f] dflg;em}+ d]/ f] cfsf/ klg rfpl/ g yfNof] . ljleGg dfG5]sf] xftsf] don clg lha|f]sf] y'sn] d]/ f] ;'Gb/ tfsf] dxTj lanfpFb} hfg yfNof] . d sdhf]/ klg aGb} uPsf] lyPF . dflg;sf] vf];fvf];n] d]/ f] :kft cfsf/ afª\lug yfNof] . s]xL kq t Rofltg} yfn] . d nfdf] ;do 7"nfa8fx?sf] lg:;fl;g] dxndf latfPF . hxfF d ;w}+ RoflkP/ afFr]+ . dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ Rofk]em}+ . d cfkm} klg d]/ f cfkmGtx?af6 RoflkPF . s/ f]8f}+sf] uGtLdf d Pp6f RoflkPF .

d]/ f s]xL ;'vsf If0f klg 5g\ Û

d}n] lgs} ;do k5fl8 kl;gfsf uGw ;'F£g kfPF . h'g d]/ f k"j{dflnsx?sf] z/ L/ af6 cfpg] cQ/ sf] uGweGbf lgs} km/ s lyof] . p;n] dnfO{ lgs} g} w}o{tfsf ;fy ;'d;'DofPsf] lyof] . / dnfO{ slt gb'Vg] u/ L w}o{tfn] k6\ofP/ uf]hLdf / fv]sf] lyof] . ;fFem 3/ df nu]/ d]/ f RofltP/ 5'l§g yfn]sf z/ L/ sf kqx?nfO{ klxnf]rf]6L lgs} Wofg lbP/ hf]8]sf] lyof] . / cfkm\gL cfdfnfO{ a'emfPsf] lyof] . d}n] To; lbg klxnf]k6s sf]xL lk|o e]l6Psf] dx;'; u/ ]+ . o;cl3sf k|foM d]/ f dflns xtf/ / xtf;sf] ofqfdf x'Gy] . pgLx?n] dnfO{ k|]dn] slxNo} ;'D;'Dofpg EofPgg\ . pgLx?nfO{ d]/ f] 5'l§g yfn]sf] z/ L/ sf] arfp ug]{ km';{b

slxNo} ePg . d To; lbg c;fWo} v';L ePsf] lyPF . Tof] lah{axfb'/ sf] klxnf] sdfO lyof] zfob . p;sL cfdfn] dnfO{ lgs} k|]dn] k6\ofP/ ;Gb'sdf / fv]sL lyOg\ . d}n] w]/ } kl5 ld7f] :kz{ kfPsf] lyPF . ToxL / ft cf]5\ofgdf vf]Sb} klN6/ x]sf cfkm\gf kltsf] lgwf/ ;'D;'DofpFb} tL a"9L u'gu'gfOg\, …ef]ln g} xl:k6ndf k'u]/ ltd|f] nflu vf]sLsf] cf}iflw lsG5' .Ú

dnfO{ To:tf If0f c;fWo} lk|o nfUy] . ha d]/ f] bf;tfn] eP klg s;}nfO{ ;'vsf] cg'e"lt lbnfpFYof] .

h'g ;do d n'l6PF Û

Tof] / ft d]/ f] dflns :jf:gLn] / lt/ fudf ;fd]n x'g] clgR5f b]vfPkl5 lj/ lQmP/ dlb/ f lsGg e§L k;ntkm{ hfFb} lyof] . af6f]df lxl8/ xFbf s;}n] p;nfO{ k5fl8af6 lxsf{of] . d]/ f] lk|o dflns e'OFdf v:g k'Uof] . dnfO{ To; o'jssf] cg'xf/ :ki6 ofb cfpF5 . h;n] d]/ f] e"tk"j{ dflnsaf6 n'6]/ To; / ft dnfO{ cfkm\gf] agfof] . Tof] / ft d lgSs} tl;{Psf] lyPF . 8/ n] d}n] o'jssf] 5ftLdf 6fFl;P/ Tof] / ft latfPF . / p;n] Ps lgd]if klg d dflyaf6 cfkm\gf] xft x6fPg . / fte/ dnfO{ ;'d;'DofO/ Xof] . ef]lnkN6 Tof] o'js dnfO{ af]s]/ lx8\of] . pxL k'/ fg} af6f] hxfF d]/ f] dflns n'l6Psf] lyof] . / d]/ f] dflnssf] xftdf dnfO{ k'gM ydfP/ cfkm\gL 5f]/ LnfO{ cfkm";Fu} lnP/ uof] . d}n]kl5 a'em]+ d]/ f] e"tk"j{ dflns n'l6g'sf] sf/ 0f . cl3Nnf] / ftb]lv ql;t d]/ f] dgnfO{ d}n] To; lbg lgs} zfGt ePsf] kfPF . dnfO{ k'gM Tof] o'jssf] 5ftLdf 6fFl;g dg lyof] .

t/ d]/ f] df}gtf s;}n] ;'g]g .

kf]xf]/ ;fndfq} xf] 3/ df a"9L cfdf / ev{/ } ;'Ts]/ L ePsL >LdtLnfO{ 5f8]/ d]/ f] lk|o dflns / fd] bdfO dnfO{ / cfkm\gf] kl/ jf/ sf] kmf]6f]nfO{ vNtLdf 3';fP/ ljb]z p8]sf] lyof] . / ljb]z k;]sf] ;fFem p;n] dnfO{ afs;leq aGb u¥of] . oBlk / fd] bdfO x/ ]s ;fFem k;{af6 kl/ jf/ sf] kmf]6f] lgsfn]/ 5ftLdf 6fF:g] uYof]{ . / lbgel/ sf] ysfO{nfO{ P]of / cfTyf ub}{ x/ ]s / ft 3/ kmls{g] ;dosf] uGtL 36fp uYof]{ .

t/ Ps lbg / fd] bdfO Ao"FlemPg . p;n] afs; p3f/ ]g . sf]xL cs}{n] p3f¥of] . ===kl5 yfxf kfPF pm slxNo} gAo"Flemg] u/ L lgbfP5 . / fd] bdfO;Fu p;sf ;kgfx? klg lgbfP5g\ . slxNo} gAo"Flemg] u/ L . dnfO{ d]/ f] lk|o dflnsnfO{ Ao"Femfpg dg lyof] . t/ d;Fu cfjfh lyPg .

o:tf s}og\ cg'ej 5g\, hf] d of] ylst cj:yfdf clxn] ;'gfpg EofplbgF . t/ d;Fu s]xL k|Zg 5g\ .

…ca ofqf ;lsPsf] 5 ;fob . dnfO{ af]Sg s;}n] si6 ug]{ 5}g . d]/ f] hLjgsf] cy{ slt eof]] . clg d]/ f] d"No s]n] lgwf{/ 0f u5{ < j:t' of To;sf] pkof]un] . tL k'?ifx?nfO{ / lt/ fusf nflu rflxg] s08d / Tof] a]Zofsf nflu 5fs 6fg{ rflxg] Ps d'¶L ;fusf] d"No Ps} lyof] . t/ dnfO{ w]/ } s08d lsGgx?n] g} vlr{P . d]/ f] pkof]u lgs} ;:tf]df eof] . cfkm\gf] Ogf/ el/ P/ kf]lvg} nfUbf klg d]/ f e"tk"j{ dflnsx? lsg olt la£g ltvf{Psf < la:t/ fdf ylGsPsf] j[4 dflg;h:t} d klg yGsfOPsf] 5' of] aGb afs;leq . oBlk d cem}+ klg aflx/ lg:sg rfxG5' . d Tof] o'js, h;n] dnfO{ w}o{tfsf ;fy ;'d;'DofPsf] lyof] . p;sf] 5ftLdf k'gM 6fFl;g rfxG5' . p;sf cw'/ f ;kgf k"/ f ug{ vlr{g rfxG5' cfkm"nfO{ . k'gM Tof] a]Zofsf] 5ftLdf 6fFl;P/ klUng rfxG5' . p;sf tL / ft lsg Tolt ;:tf ePsf xf]nfg\ < / fd] bdfOnfO{ p;sf] lgGb|faf6 Ao"Femfpg rfxG5' . ;f]Rb}5', d]/ f] k|:yfgkl5 tL a"9fn] vf]sLsf] cf}iflw vfFb} xf]nfg\ < dnfO{ km]l/ klg p:t} u/ L n'l6g dg 5 . d af]Ng rfxG5' tL dflnsx?;Fu . tL s7f]/ dflnsx?;Fu cfkm\gf] bf;tfsf] d"No dfu]/ cfkm"nfO{ vlr{g rfxG5' ef]s, zf]s / / f]ux?df . d}n] hLjge/ lsg olt s7f]/ bf;tf ef]u]+ < dfG5]n] lhGbuLe/ lsg cfkm"nfO{ d]/ f] / dnfO{ cfkm\gf] bf; agfO/ Xof] < d dflg;nfO{ ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ b]vfpg] cfFvfnfO{ ;'/ Iff lbg] k/ ]nf lyPF ls cGwsf/ df cNemfpg] sfnf]k§L <Ú

d Ps a"9f] gf]6 Û hf] hLjgsf] pt/ f4{df 5' . q

laxfg} df]afOndf 306L aHof] / ljgsf] . p ;'t]s} lyof] . t];|f] k6ssf] k"/ } 306L ah]kl5 / ljgn] kmf]g p7fof] .

…x]nf]Ú …sf] xf]nf <Úpm lgb|fd} lyof] .

To;}n] :j/ 7Dofpg ;s]g pm .

…d l/ hf .Ú …cxf] Û l/ hf cfh s;/ L ;Dem\of} olt laxfg} .

PgL j] Yofª\So" . vfnL km];a'sdf ckmnfOg Dof;]h 5f]8\y]+ d}n] . w]/ } eof] ltd|f] :j/ g;'g]sf] . ;fFRr} s:tf] 5 ltdLnfO{ < d}n] t ;f]Wg} la;]{sf] .Ú

…d l7s} 5' .Ú Psbd cf}krfl/ stfdf hjfkm lbOg\ l/ hfn] . …/ ljg d ltdLnfO{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f ug{nfO{ kmf]g u/ ]sf] . KnLh 8f]G6 dfOG8 n .Ú

…s]xL eg]s} 5}gf} s] sf] dfOG8 l/ hfÚ / ljgn] eGof] . …lKnh . eg s] eGg vf]h]sf] .Ú / ljg ;fx|} cft'/ lyof] l/ hfsf] s'/ f ;'Gg .

…/ ljg ltdL d;Fu l/ ;fpg t l/ ;fpb}gf} lg x} <Ú km]l/ l/ hfn] k|Zg u/ L . …l/ ;fGg . dnfO 5f]8L c? s;}sf] eof} . rf]vf] dfofnfO{ nTofof} / t d l/ ;fPg . Tof] eGbf lg 7"nf] s'/ f c? s] xf]nf / l/ hf <Ú l/ hfsf] d'6' g} aGb x'g] u/ L eGof] / ljgn] . …lKnh eg . d l/ ;fGg .Ú

l/ hfsf] af]nL aGb eof] s]xL If0f . s'/ fsfgL aGb eP .

…x]nf]== x]nf]=== x]nf] l/ hf ÛÚ / ljg af]Nb} lyof] . k|ltTo'/ cfPg . l/ hfn] kmf]g sfl6;s]sL lyO{ .

/ ljg PSn} ;f]Rg yfNof] . …d}n] l/ hfnfO{ olt ;fx|} eGg gx'g] lyof] . h;n] cfh olt nfdf] ;do kl5 ;lDdmPsL lyO{ . ;fob s'g} cK7\of/ f]df k/ ]sL kf] lyOg\ ls l/ hf . slxn]sfxL+ d]/ f] lbdfunfO{ s] x'G5, cfk}mnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . ctLtnfO{ sf]6\ofP/ s]xL x'Fb}g . ctLt t lalt;Sof] . h;af6 g l/ hf g d g} s]xL ug{ ;Sy]+ t/ cgfxsd} l/ hfsf] cfh d}n] lrQ b'vfPF . ;fFRr} uNtL d]/ } lyof] . ca l/ hf;Fu s;/ L uNtLsf] k|fZolrt ug]{, l/ hfn] s] ;f]r]sL xf]lng\ < l/ hfnfO{ cfh h;/ L x'G5 d}n] e]6\5' .Ú / ljg PSn} u'gu'gfpFb} 5 .

vfgf vfP/ / ljg l/ hfsf] sn]hdf uof] . l/ ;]K;gdf uP/ l/ hfnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf] va/ 5f8\of] . l/ ;]K;lgi6 l/ hfsf] sIff sf]7flt/ nflug\ . / ljgsf] ;f/ f z/ L/ af6 kl;gf cfpg yfNof] . lr6lr6 kl;gf cfpg yfNof] . l/ hf cfPkl5 s] ug]{, s;/ L cfkm\gf] uNtLsf] k|fZolrt ug]{ / ljg laNs'n cGof]n / 8/ df 5 . leq–leq sfFk]sf] 5 .

Psl5gdf l/ hf cfO{ . / ljgnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} pm lkmtf{ eO{ . / ljg cSs g aSs eof] . / ljg Psl5g cfkm"nfO{ cr]t dxz'; u¥of] . hlt 8/ / eo l/ hf cfPkl5 p;n] sNkgf u/ ]sf] lyof] Tof] eGbf w]/ } t a];L l/ hf p;nfO{ ge]6L kms]{kl5 eof] . / ljgsf] k"/ f z/ L/ lzlyn eof] . cfkm}nfO{ p;n] a]xf];Ldf dxz'; u¥of] . nfh / ;ld{Gbf;Fu} p l/ hfsf] sn]haf6 kmls{of] .

/ ljg km]l/ ;f]Rg yfNof] . …d}n] t 7"nf] e'n u/ ]sf] / x]5' . cfh sn]hdf l/ hfnfO{ l/ ;]K;lgi6n] s:tf] cy{df lnPsL xf]lng\ < clg sIffdf kmls{Pkl5 ;fyLx?n] sf] e]6\g cfPsf] lyof] eg]/ ;f]w] l/ hfn] s] hjfkm lblG5g\ xf]nf . ;fFRr} d d'v{ xf] . l/ hfsf] s'/ f g} g;'gL d}n] dgdf cfPsf s'/ f KjfSs eg] .Ú / ljgsf] Wofg Psfu| lyPg .

…h] x'G5, x'G5 Pp6f P;PdP; u5'{ . ;fFRr} l/ hf

d unt 5}g d]/ f] dgdf kfk 5}g . t/ Tof] lbg d}n] h] af]n] To;sf] nflu d dfkmL rfxG5' . ;fFRr} Tof] lbg dnfO{ s] eof] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ha ltdL kmf]g / flv;s]sf] lyof} dnfO{ k|fZolrt eO;s]sf] lyof] . t/ klg Tof] s'/ f ltdLnfO{ eGg kfPg . To;}n] ToxL uNtLsf] k|fZolrt ug{sf] nflu ltd|f] sn]h k'u]sf] lyPF . t/ ltdLn] dnfO{ uNtLsf] k|fZolrt ug]{ df}sf lbPgf} . t;y{ P;PdP;dfkm{t\ eP klg k|fZolrt ub}{5' . cfzf 5 dfkm ul/ lbg]5f} . nfdf] P;PdP; n]Vof] / ljgn] / ;]08 u¥of] .

b'ef{Uo Û l/ hfn] xtf/ df sn]h hfFbf df]afOn la;]{/ uPsL / lxl5g\ . w]/ } nfdf] ;do;Dd klg l/ KnfO{ cfPg . / ljgnfO{ afwf eof] . d'6' bx|f] agfP/ kmf]g ug]{ lg0f{odf k'Uof] . k|fZolrt ug]{ s'/ f kmf]gaf6 eGbf e]6]/ ug]{ eg]/ p;n] kmf]g u/ ]sf] lyPg l/ hfnfO{ . Dof;]hsf] l/ KnfO{ gcfPkl5 / ljgn] l/ hfsf] df]afOndf gDa/ 8fon u¥of] .

w]/ } nfdf] ;dokl5 kmf]g l/ l;e eof] . nf]Ug] dfG5]sf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 / ljgn] kmf]g sf6\of] . / ª gDa/ 8fon eof] ls eg]/ l/ hfsf] gDa/ r]s u¥of] . gDa/ t laNs'n ;xL 5 . pxL gDa/ (*^*===== . km]l/ 8fon u¥of] . kmf]g k'gM nf]Ug]dfG5]n] g} p7fof] . sf] af]Ng'eof] xf]nf < / ljgn] ;f]Wof] . s;nfO{ u/ ]sf] kmf]g k|ltTo'/ cfof] . l/ hfnfO{ vf]h]sf] . of] l/ hfsf] gDa/ xf]Og / < / ljgn] k'gM ;f]Wof] .

xf] . tkfO{+ sf] lg l/ hfsf] < cln af]N8 :j/ df

hjfkmL k|Zg cfof] . d l/ hfsf] ;fyL xf] . / ljgn] ;xh} pQ/ kmsf{of] . …sf] ;fyL < sxfFsf] ;fyL < cfOGbf kmf]g gug"{

/ fd|f] x'g] 5}g .Ú kmf]g s6\of] l/ hfsf] df]afOnaf6 . / ljgsf] tgfj dmg ylkof] . Psl5g tf]/ Lsf] km"n

b]Vof] . emgkl5 emg tgfj . p ;f]Rg yfNof] . ;fFRr} ca Tof] Dof;]h / kmf]gsf] abnf l/ hfn] s:tf] b'Mv ef]Ug'kg]{ xf]nf . ;fob Tof] kmf]g p7fpg] l/ hfs} nf]Ug] g} xf]nf . xf]Og eg] hf] kfof] To;n] csf{sf] k|fOe]6 j:t' rnfpg sxfF kfpF5 / Û

sn]h ;s]/ l/ hf 3/ cfOg\ . 3/ df l/ hfsf] nf]Ug] -k|sfz_ l/ ;sf] r'/ df 5 .

…s] ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <Ú l/ hfn] ;f]wL k|sfznfO{ . pm l/ ;n] r'/ 5 . …xfnva/ ca ToxL Dof;]h

ug]{ / kmf]g ug]{nfO{ ;f]Wg" .Ú l/ ;d} hjfkm kmsf{of] k|sfzn] .

tkfO{+ s] s'/ f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 < d}n] s]xL a'em]g .Ú …ca a'em\g' klg kb}{g . cfkm\gf] dgdf nfu]sf] u/ ]

x'G5 .Ú k|sfz Pstdf;n] kmgkmlgPsf] 5 . …xf]Og k|i6 s'/ f ug{' g .Ú l/ hf klg clnslt

lg8/ eP/ af]nL . df]afOn x]/ ] ;a} yfxf x'G5 . d}n] s]xL af]Ng'kb}{g .Ú k|sfzn] df]afOn l/ hfsf] xftdf 7DofOlbof] . l/ hfn] Dof;]h aS; vf]lng\ . Dof;]h / ljgsf] lyof] .

ca z+sfn] n+sf vfg] eof] l/ hfsf] hLjgdf . k|sfznfO{ cfkm\gf] >LdtL s;};Fu af]n] z+sf u5{ . cem of] k6s t Dof;]h / kmf]g g} cfPsf] 5 . ca s] rflxof] k|sfznfO{ . z+sfsf] l;dfgf gf3]/ 7"nf] eO;Sof] p;sf] . l/ hfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f g} kl/ jt{g eof] p;sf] . k|sfz af]n]g . cfFvfaf6 cfF;' emfb}{ l/ hf 3/ leq k;L . w]/ } s'/ fx? ;f]Rg yfnL . hLjg;fyL eg]sf] t Psn] csf{nfO{ a'em\g] xf] g ls bf; . nf]Ug]n] eg]cg';f/ rNg'kg]{ . p;n] eg]sf] ug{'kg]{ o;/ L lhGbuL rN5 xf]nf < k|Zg cfkm}nfO{ ;f]Wb}5] . cfF;' w]/ } emf/ L . ;'s]sf] cfF;'n] p;sf] cg'xf/ g} df}g b]lvO . ;fFem kg{ yfNof] . l/ hfsf] ef]s Kof; ;a} k|sfzn] lbO;s]sf] lyof] . l/ hf w]/ } a]/ kl5 aflx/ cfOg\ . k|sfz lyPg ToxfF .

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km'r'ª\u|L M ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bL c+sn g]kfn cfpg] /] . a'n]6 k|'kmjfnf uf8L lg cfOuf] /] . :jfut÷;Tsf/sf] w'dwfd kf] 5 /] t sfsf <

sfsf M g]tfb]lv s]6f;Dd sf] a9L nDk;f/ k/]/ :jfut ug]{ eGg] xf]8afhL g} rn]sf] 5 lg km'RrL . t]/f df]bL c+snn] ;+;b\nfO{ ;Daf]wg klg ug]{ /] . df]bLeGbf cfwf 306f klxn] g} ;+;b\df ;ef;b\x? kl;;Sg' kg]{ /] . hxfF–hxfF df]bL ToxfF–ToxfFsf] df]afOn g]6js{ klg r6 x'g] /] . sf7df8f}+sf hgtfn] b'O{ lbg t 7"n} ;f:tL ef]Ug] eP .

km'r'ª\u|L M df]bL c+snsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu otfsf ;'/IffsdL{n] g;Sg] eP5g\ ls Sof xf] sfsf < pt}af6 æsfnf la/fnfÆ eGg] hGt' kf] em/] /] sf7df8f}+df <

sfsf M 7"nfnfO{ 7"n} l;ª ef/L, ;fgfnfO{ ;fg} l;ª ef/L eG5g\ km'RrL . xf] /}Ú5 . g]kfnL ;'/IffsdL{ t 5Fb}5g\ Toltn] gk'u]/ æ/Æ b]lv æ1Æ;Dd klg ot} 5g\ /] . To;dfly æANofs Sof6Æ cyf{t\ æsfnf la/fnfÆ klg cfO;s] /] . tL ANofs Sof6 u/]sf sdf08f]x? cfPkl5 t t]/f df]bL c+sn dHh}n] ;'/lIft x'g] /] Sof Û

km'r'ª\u|L M clg df]bL c+snsf] e|d0fn] t xfd|f k|r08 c+snnfO{ kf] w]/} cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 /] sfsf . j}B afh]sf]df uP/ df]bLsf] lj/f]w ug]{ eg]/ a"9fn] ;xdlt ul/xfn]5g\ . Totfaf6 lg:s]kl5 lj1lKt lgsfNg} dfg]gg\ /] a"9fn] <

sfsf M ægvfpmF eg] lbgel/sf] lzsf/, vfpmF eg] sfG5f] afa'sf] cg'xf/Æ eg]sf] o:t}nfO{ t xf]nf lg km'RrL . hxfF uof] pt} l7Ss kg]{ afgL ePsf t]/f k|r08 c+sn a}B afh]sf]df hfFbf df]bLsf] ljkIfdf hfg] eg]/ l7Ss eP xf]nfg\ . aflx/ lg:s]kl5 emnSs ;Qf klg ;Dem] xf]nfg\ . To} eP/ a"9f cndndf k/]sf t xf]nfg\ lg Û

km'r'ª\u|L M t];f] eP t s]xL lbg g]kfn df]bLdo x'g] ef] lg sfsf < ug]{ s] t < h] u/] lg 7"nfs} rrf{ x'Fbf]/}Ú5 Sof /] . x'Fbf–x'Fbf t o;kflnsf] sfsf / km'r'+u|L df]bLdo x'g] ef] xlu <

sfsf M pkm\ ÛÛÛ s]–s] ;f]W5] of] km'r'ª\u|L klg <<<ÛÛÛ

P]ltxfl;s leqLsf]6 b/ af/ ko{6sLo uGtJo eP klg cem}+ cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] 5 . k|rf/ –k|;f/ / k|j4{gfTds sfd x''g g;Sbf P]ltxfl;s b/ af/ u'dgfdh:t} aGb} uPsf] xf] . lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?af6 o;sf] k|j4{gfTds sfddf vf;} rf;f] x''g g;Sbf ko{6sLo uGtJo eP klg cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] :yfgLoaf;L atfpF5g\ .

tTsfnLg ;dodf rf}aL;] / fHocGtu{t kg{] leqLsf]6 / fHosf / fhfsf] b/ af/ clxn] eUgfjz]if cj:yfdf 5 . b/ af/ sf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu rf/ }lt/ nufOPsf] kvf{n / em08} 8]9 ;o ld6/ nfdf] l;9L 5 . b/ af/ sf] glhs} / fhfn] kfgL lkpgsf nflu agfPsf] kf]v/ L clxn] cjz]ifsf ?kdf 5 .

Ko"7fgsf] ;b/ d'sfdaf6 gf} lsnf]ld6/ pQ/ klZrddf cjl:yt leqLsf]6 b/ af/ / x]sf] 5 . lah'jf/ uflj;sf] j8f g+= % df kg{] b/ af/ k'Ug vn+ufaf6 afUb'nf x'Fb} sl/ a b'O{ 306f k}bn ofqf ug{'kb{5 .

tTsfnLg ;dodf rf}aL;] / fHocGtu{t kg]{ leqLsf]6df rf/ / fhfx?n] zf;g u/ ]sf] Oltxf; 5 . ;qf}+ ztfAbLlt/ pgLx?n] zf;g u/ ]sf] atfOG5 . xfxfrg, x'x'rg / hf8] / fhfn] / fHo u/ ]sf] :yfgLoaf;L bfnaxfb'/ yfkf atfpF5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ b/ af/ sf] eUgfjz]if afFsL / x] klg

stf/df /x]sf uLtsf/ k|an lji6 o;kflnsf] tLhdf æAo"l6km"nÆ / æXofG;dÆ aGb}5g\ . pgL cfkm"dfq} Ao"l6km"n / XofG;d aGg] x}g c?nfO{ klg aGg eGb}5g\ . t/, jf:tljs lhGbuLdf xf]Og, uLtdf .

/f]huf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf stf/ k'u]sf k|an lji6sf] uLt;+uLtdf cf}wL ?rL 5 . pgn] cfw'lgs uLlt PNadx? klg ahf/df o;cl3 g} NofO;s]sf 5g\ . o;kfln eg] g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg kj{ xl/tflnsf tLhnfO{ nlIft u/L pgsf] /rgfdf uLlt PNad ahf/df cfPsf] 5, Ao"6L .

o;kflnsf] tLhdf Ao'6Lkm"n aGg' 5h] k/] lg k5{ ;+lugL

dgkg]{ Pp6fnfO{ cfO ne o' eGg' 5 .

o;kfln t d klg XofG8;d s]6f aGg' 5h] k/] lg k5{ ;fyL xf]dg k/]sL Pp6LnfO{ cfO ne o' eGg' 5

xf], o:t} zAb / z}nLsf æAo"6LÆ tLhuLt PNad ahf/df NofPsf 5g\, k|ann] . of] uLtdf ;]lngf s'Fj/ / /fdrGb| sfkm\n]sf] :j/ 5 eg] /d]z >]i7n] ;+uLt lbPsf 5g\ . xf]d lwtfnsf] lgb]{zg /x]sf] Do'lhs lel8of]df h]lgzf s];L / z+s//fh Gof}kfg]n] d'Vo clego u/]sf 5g\ .

of] tLhdf k|an XofG;d s]6f aGg] /] Û

sf]tdf ePsf xltof/ x? x/ fpFb} uPsf 5g\ . xltof/ x/ fpg yfn]kl5 :yfgLoaf;Ln] 3/ d} ;'/ lIft / fVg] u/ ]sf 5g\ . ;'grfFbL n]kg ul/ Psf xltof/ x? rf]/ L x'g yfn]kl5 :yfgLoaf;Ln] afFsL / x]sf xltof/ x? 3/ d} ;'/ lIft u/ ]sf x'g\ . k'/ ftflTjs ljefuh:tf lgsfox?n] ;+/ If0f ;Dj4{g ug{ ;s] leqLsf]6sf] Oltxf; arfpg ;lsg] hfgsf/ x? atfpF5g\\ .

b/ af/ df tTsfnLg / fhfn] ;'/ Iffsf nflu agfPsf xltof/ x? x/ fpFb} uPsf 5g\ . rf/ ;o yfg o''4;Fu ;Da4 xltof/ x? eP klg xfn rfnL; yfg xltof/ x? :yfgLon] hf]ufO/ fv]sf 5g\ .

cfˆgf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu b/ af/ sf jl/ kl/ 9'+ufsf] kvf{n nufOPsf] 5 . To; ;dodf lgdf{0f ul/ Psf t/ af/ , efnf, 5'kL{, wg'ifjf0f, v's'/ L / 9'+ufx? clxn] hL0f{ cj:yfdf / x]sf 5g\ .

;f] :yfgdf ljleGg cfsf/ df sf7sf a'§fn] s'lbP/ agfPsf] dlGb/ 5 . To; a]nfsf klxnf] / fhfn] lgdf{0f u/ ]sf] kf]v/ L / s'jf clxn] gd'gfsf] ?kdf dfq b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;sf] kl5Nnf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld x]bf{ / fhf n6/ fhn] !^ xhf/ 3/ w'/ L ePsf] Ko"7fg / fHosf] / fHo ;~rfng u/ ]sf lyP . clGtd / fhfsf] ?kdf lj= ;= !*$# df df]tLrGbsf] ;dokl5

g]kfndf ljno ePsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 .

8f= lut' lu/ Ln] n]v]sf] Oltxf;df oxfF rGbj+zL / fhfx?n] / fHo u/ ]sf] Oltxf; 5 . kl5 of] / fHonfO{ tTsfnLg ;dodf bfdf]b/ kf08]sf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] uf]vf{nL kmf}hn] cfqmd0f u/ ]/ g]kfndf ufe]sf] lyof] . o'4af6 k/ flht ePkl5 tTsfnLg rGb / fhfsf kmf}hx? leqLsf]6 5f]8L / f]Nkfsf] So"/ Ldf ;'/ lIft 7fpFdf uPsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . P]ltxfl;s ko{6sLo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] Wofg lbg ;s]df ko{6sLo uGtJo aGg] :yfgLoafl;Gbf atfpF5g\ . Ko"7fgsf] ko{6gsf] b[li6sf]0fdf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbf ePsfn] P]ltxfl;s w/ f]x/ x?sf] ;+/ If0f / ;Dj4{gdf ;/ f]sf/ jfnfx?sf] Wofg hfg'kg{] a'l4hLjL df]xg lu/ Ln] atfpF5g\ . rGbj+zL / fhfn] cfˆgf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu leqLsf]6nfO{ / fhb/ af/ sf] ?ksf af;:yn agfPsf x'g\ . :yfkgf ubf{ 9'+ufsf] kvf{n nufP/ w]/ } d]xgt / nufgL nufPtf klg xfn eg] eUgfaz]if cj:yfdf km]nf kfg{ klg ;d:of 5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt Ko"7fgsf] ;fgf]ltgf] ah]6df tf/ af/ / kvf{n nufP/ dlGb/ / tTsfnLg / fhfsf] sf]t 3/ sf] hL0ff]{åf/ ul/ Psf] 5 eg] dlGb/ cufl8 k|ltIffno agfOPsf] 5 . b'O{ jif{ cl3dfq ;+/ If0f ug{ ;+/ If0f Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/ P klg ;ldlt lqmofzLn x''g g;s]sf] :yfgLoafl;Gbfsf] egfO{ 5 .

ko{6g jif{sf] ;Gbe{df Kof/ fUnfOl8ªsf] klg ;kmn kl/ If0f ePsfn] ko{6sx?nfO{ leq\ofpg ;lsg] k|an ;Defjgf / x]sf] oxfFsf afl;Gbf atfpF5g\ . Kof/ fUnfOl8ªsf] ;kmn kl/ If0f ul/ P klg To;nfO{ Jofj;flos ?kdf a9fpg g;Sg' lrGtfsf] ljifo ePsf] kqsf/ ;''zLn kf]v]|n atfpF5g\ . Ko"7fgsf] uxgf eP klg Ko"7fgsf lhDd]jf/ x?n] leqLsf]6sf] dxTjnfO{ a'em\g g;Sbf u'dgfd aGb} uPsf] pgsf]

P]ltxfl;s ?kn] leqLsf]6sf] hlt dxTj eP klg cfuGt''ssf nflu cfjZos ;]jf ;''ljwfx? kof{Kt 5}gg\ . lkpg] :jR5 kfgL, ;8snufotsf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . p;f] t leqLsf]6af6 Ko"7fgsf clwsf+z 7fpFx?sf] cjnf]sg dfq xf]Og k"j{pQ/lt/ wjnflu/L / klZrddf l;:g] lxdfnsf] cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L leqLsf]6 P]ltxfl;s dfq xf]Og b[Zofjnf]sgsf] lx;fan] Ps plrt uGtJo klg xf] .

wlg/fd zdf{

7DofO 5 . P]ltxfl;s ?kn] leqLsf]6sf] hlt dxTj eP klg cfuGt''ssf nflu cfjZos ;]jf ;''ljwfx? kof{Kt 5}gg\ . lkpg] :jR5 kfgL, ;8snufotsf k"jf{wf/ sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . p;f] t leqLsf]6af6 Ko"7fgsf clwsf+z 7fpFx?sf] cjnf]sg dfq xf]Og k"j{pQ/ lt/ wjnflu/ L / klZrddf l;:g] lxdfnsf] cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/ L leqLsf]6 P]ltxfl;s dfq xf]Og b[Zofjnf]sgsf] lx;fan] Ps plrt uGtJo klg xf] .

leqLsf]6sf] dfq xf]Og, Ko"7fgsf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f u/ L ko{6sLo If]q ljsf; ug{ cfjZos ePsf] gful/ s …lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt Ko"7fgsf] ;fgf]ltgf] ah]6df tf/

af/ / kvf{n nufP/ dlGb/ / tTsfnLg /fhfsf] sf]t 3/sf] hL0ff]{åf/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] dlGb/ cufl8 k|ltIffno agfOPsf] 5 . b'O{ jif{ cl3dfq ;+/If0f ug{ ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ul/P klg ;ldlt lqmofzLn x''g g;s]sf] :yfgLoafl;Gbfsf] egfO{ 5 .

;dfhsf cu'jf ch{'g sIffkltn] atfP . pgsf cg'';f/ leqLsf]6sf] cfkm\g} Oltxf; eP klg 7f]; gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] cefj cf]em]ndf k/ ]sf] sIffkltsf] u'gf;f] 5 .

:yfgLoaf;Ln] cfkm\gf] 3/df /fv]sf] leqLsf]6 b/af/sf] P]ltxfl;s t/af/ . b/af/sf ;fdfg x/fpFb} hfg yfn]kl5

:yfgLoaf;Ln] oxfFsf ;fdfgx? ;'/Iffsf nflu 3/df /fVg yfn]sf x'g\ .

pbo hLPd

g]kfnL uLt;+ª\uLtsf] cfsfzdf ;kmntf r'Dg] ljZjf;;lxt ;of}+ ufos uflosfx?n] p8fg el/ / x]sf 5g\ . of] cfsfz p8fg el/ xfNg t ;lhn} 5 t/ cfsfzdf pl8/ xg / ;kmntfsf] rG›df r'Dg eg] kmnfdsf] Ro"/ f rkfP;/ x 5 . cfsfzdf hf] c?eGbf km/ s b]lvof], p;}n] afhL dfg{] cj:yf 5 . oxL afhL dfg{ p8fg eg{]x?sf] eL8df pl8/ x]sL Ps k|ltef x'g\– ;l/ tf k|hfklt .

xf], pg} uflosf ;l/ tf k|hfkltn] ev{/ } cfkm\gf ;|f]tfx?dfem cfkm\gf] ;fª\uLlts sf];]nLsf] ?kdf …hfnL ?dfnÚ lnP/ cfPsL 5g\ . z'?df …;'lglwÚ uLltPNad @)^& d} lnP/ ;|f]tfdfem cfPsL ;'dw'/ :j/ sL wgL ;l/ tfn] ut jif{ bf];|f] sf];]nLsf] ?kdf uLltPNad …x]b{fxb}{Ú kl:sPsL lyOg\ . Ps xftdf cfkm\gf] gl;{ª k]zf ;Dxfln/ x]sL ;l/ tf csf]{ xftdf …hfnL ?dfnÚ lnP/ cfPsL x'g\ . k]zfn] g;{ ;l/ tfsf] csf]{ d'Vo zf]v ufog ePsfn] pgL ufogdf klg sDd/ s;]sf] s:o} l5g\ .

ut jif{ uflosf ;l/ tfn] …x]bf{x]b}{Ú uLlt PNadsf] …x]bf{x]b}{Ú af]ns} uLtaf6 v'a} rrf{ a6'Ng ;kmn ePsL lyOg\ . Pskl5 csf]{ ub{} ;|f]tfdfem cfkm\gf] ;fª\uLlts e]6 k|:t't ub{} cfPsL ;l/ tf k|hfkltn] @)&! ;fnsf] ;'?jftd} csf]{ 8flG;ª uLt / lel8of]

…;DemgfnfO{ hfnL ?dfnÚ lnP/ cfPsL l5g\ . em08} ;ft jif{b]lv ufogdf lqmofzLn 8flG;ª uflosfsf ?kdf klg lrlglG5g\ .

…klxnf] uLltPNad ;'lglwaf6 l7s}dfq ;kmntf ldn]sf] lyof], ;l/ tfn] elgg\, …x]b{fx]b}{Ú ;Dd cfOk'Ubf s]xL ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePF .Ú k|foM kmfi6 6««ofs uLt ufpg dg k/ fpg] ;l/ tfn] o;kfln cfhef]lnsf hNbfaNbf uLtsf/ uf]ljGbk|;fb pkfWofosf] zAb / ;ª\uLtsf/ ljqmd yfkfsf] ;ª\uLtdf cfkm\gf] :j/ sf] hfb" e/ ]sL 5g\ . pgsf …P xfjfÚ, …x]b{fx]b{} hjfgLn] 5f]P5Ú af]nsf] uLtdf klg pg} yfkfsf] ;ª\uLt / x]sf] lyof] . s]xL km/ s vfnsf] :j/ ePsL uflosf ;l/ tfn] oltv]/ pSt uLtsf] lel8of] klg ;|f]tfdfem NofO;s]sL 5g\ . oL uflosf ;l/ tf s]xL ;dokl5 le;L8L Nofpg] of]hgfdf l5g\ .

…hfnL ?dfnÚdf jiff{ lzjfsf]6L, ls/ 0f nfsf}n, ;'bLk ;fksf]6f, lg/ h ad / k|jL0f cfq]osf] clego / x]sf] 5 . clxn]sf Jo:t Sofd]/ fk;{g 1fg]G› zdf{n] uf]bfj/ L / nlntk'/ sf ljleGg 7fpFsf ;'Gb/ b[Zo clg clegonfO{ s}b u/ ]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf lel8of]eGbf km/ s ug{] p2]Zon] gofF l6d;Fu sfd u/ ]sf] ;l/ tf atfpFl5g\ . ;~rf/ sdL{ ljwfg sfsL{sf] lgb{]zgdf ag]sf] ;l/ tfsf] Do"lhs lel8of]n] rrf{ klg a6'Nb} uPsf] 5 . PNad …hfnL ?dfnÚ ;Fu;Fu} c? w]/ }

uLtx? klg s]xL dlxgfleq} Nofpg] t/ v/ df l5g\ pgL . ;fg}b]lv uLt;ª\uLtdf ?lr / fVg]

;l/ tfn] / f]zgs'df/ / fhe08f/ L / u'?b]j sfdt;Fu ;ª\uLt k|lzIf0f klg lnO/ x]sL 5g\ .

;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] pkrf/df !) s/f]8 vlr{P . Tolt k};fn] jL/nfO{ k'Ug] d]l;g cfpFy], pgL;lxt xhf/f}+n] oxL+ pkrf/ kfpFy], 8S6/x? sG8S6/ x'gaf6 hf]luGy] .

@6\jL6/

Lenin Banjade@lendaai