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zlgaf/ sf]

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…o;/ L alnbfg u/ ] sf lyof} +Ú eg] / dg km'nfP/ dfq} ;f; gclNemg] / x] 5,Ú pgsf] Ps dgn] eGof] . pgsf] cfFvfdf cfP, qmflGtdf alnbfg ug] { ;lxb kl/ jf/ / Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{sf eTs] sf 3/ sltko eTsg nfu] sf 3/ . sd/ ] 8 gh/ sf] af6f] 5] s] / ;lxb z] / sL 5f] / L h"gfn] eg] sf] pgn] ;lDemP, …xftv'§f ;Unf x'g] t sfnfkf/ / c/ a uP/ cfFvfsfg n'sfpg] . xfdL sxfF hfg] <Ú

lgaGw

rd] / f ufpF d'lGt/ la;f} gLdf uf8L / f] lsPkl5 Kjfnaf6 sldnf lg:s] h;/ L g] kfnL lg:sg yfn] .

xftd'vsf] e] 63f6 / cfªsf] / ª km] g] { ;–;fgf ;kgfn] v] lbPsf g] kfnLsf cg'xf/ av{] em/ Ln] xfg] / lj¿k kf/ ] sf 3/ sf leQfh:tf / fF3] df3] lyP . ltg} cg'xf/ lnP/ sf] xL nfu] rd] / f sf] xL psflnP / fdgu/ t sf] xL nfu] lxd|Llt/ .

l;dnfaf6 ;–;fgf ahf/ / ufpFlt/ nfu] sf slt cf] ln{P, lyof] udf < u'Ddfdf < sf] 6vfOdf < k|s6Lgu/ df < lx;fa lstfa / fVg] km';{b sf] l;t x'g' / Û

…slt kms] {nfg\ cfˆgf ;kgf km'nfP/ Ú, sd/ ] 8 gh/ sf] cfFvfdf caf] w g] kfnLsf cg'xf/ cfP, …sltn] km] nf{g\ kl/ jf/ sf] / ª <Ú

To;kl5 la;f} gLdf emf] nf gla;fO{ em/ ] sd/ ] 8 gh/ . pgL / fjnfSof/ vf] nflt/ hlt

cf] ln{P plt g} 9'ª\ufsf] rfª clUnPsf] b] v] .

5Ss k/ ] . …olt w] / } ,Ú

hgo'4df ;fd] n x'g g] kfn kms] {sf g] kfnLsf cg'xf/ cfFvfdf pleP, …9'ª\uf pg} g] kfnLn] kmfn] sf x'g\ <Ú

vft nfu] sf 9'ª\ufdf 6] s] .

nfUof] , cfkmGtn] df/ ] sf] dfof ;Demgfdf cfPh:tf] . gd] l6Psf] lt;{gfh:tf] .

…r] K6f] < / ª < kmf] ;] { jf 6fF;] < b"w] v/ Lh:tf] <Ú,

efFtL–efFtLsf 9'ª\ufsf cg'xf/ pgsf] cfFvfdf cfP .

…xf] nf, sxfFg] / <Ú

cfkm"n] kmfn] sf] 9'+ufnfO{ s'g} a] nf x/ fPsf] ;kgfh;/ L pgsf cfFvfn] vf] Hg yfn] .

…lsg vf] h] sf] Ú eg] / ;f] w] s] hjfkm lbg] <Ú, dgsf] cGt/ s'Gt/ af6 s;} n] ;f] Wof] .

…xf] t .Ú pgsf] dg cfkm} l;t cndlnof] .…dfkmL dfUg] Ú, Ps dgn] eGg] lalQs} csf] {

dgn] cfklQ hgfof] , …s] la/ fPsf] xf] / dfkmL dfUg] <Ú

…9'ª\ufn] ;6fP/ xfg] / 3fS/ fS3'S?s\ kf¥of] eg] ,Ú pgsf] bf] ;|f] dgn] eGof] , …eGg] 5'– qmflGtn] af] nfP km] l/ hfG5' .Ú

;'g] / csf] { dg bª\u k¥of] . / , eGof] , …sqf] cf; ÛÚ

…s] v] { 8] pgf <Ú lxdfrn] efiffdf …sxfF hfg] Ú egL ;f] w] sf]

dlxnf cfjfh cfof] . sd/ ] 8 gh/ n] km/ Ss kms{] / x] / ] . Pp6L cwj} +z] u2] gL1 ;f] Wb} lyOg\, …afb'/ f

s] v] { 8] pgf < uf] ==/ ==v] ===afb'/ f <Ú sd/ ] 8 gh/ n] g;'g] sf] :jfª kf/ ] . uf] hL g} uf] hL ePsf] lxdfrn] O:6sf] 6 /

skfn] n] 6fpsf] ;kSs kf/ L u'y] sL cwj+} z] n] sd/ ] 8 gh/ nfO{ af] nfO/ x] sL lyOg\ .

…c/ ] { of] t cft' nfnfsf] 5f] / f] lat'jfsL hf] O kf] tÚ, sd/ ] 8 gh/ emNofF:; eP .

…df] 6fO5 .Ú…d} x'F ltd|f] 5f] 6'Ú eg] / gh/ n] eg] gg\ .kfOnf kmfNb} hfFbf pgsf] cfFvfdf cfP,

xl/ åf/ df e] l6Psf sd/ ] 8 Hjfnf . b'g} kl5 c3f{vfFrL, kfNkfnufot y'k|}

df] rf{df km:6 P;N6df ;Fu} n8] sf lyP . ;fFem laxfgsf] ;d:of / cfª 9fSg] lghL

;jfn;d] t kxf8 ag] kl5 sd/ ] 8 Hjfnf / f] x8" hfFb} lyP eg] gh/ l;dnf x'Fb} rd] / f .

…Pstf ;dfhsf sd/ ] 8 sxfF e] l6Pnfg\Ú, e] 6] kl5 s] eGnfg\ eGg] v;v; dgdf v] nfpFb} 9'ª\ufsf] rfªdf sd/ ] 8 gh/ yrSs a;] .

To;kl5 sfnfkf/ df x'Fbfsf ljut km/ Ss kmls{PM

rf/ jif{;Dd rd] / fdf cft' nfnfs} 3/ df …5f] 6'Ú lyP . pgsf] arkgsf ;a} eGbf / x/ nfUbf ;do u2] sf h;L{ ufO{sf] uf] a/ / :ofpsf af] 6l;t lat] .

…cft' nfnfsf] :ofpsf af] 6nfO{ cem} klg ;Demgf xf] nfÚ, nfUof] pgnfO{, -cft'sf] :ofp af/ Ldf uPkl5_ :ofpsf a'6fn] af] nfpg] 5g\, …5f] 6'jf, t' jfk; ÛÚ

u2] sf 3/ df 5f] 6' a;] sf sd/ ] 8 gh/ h:t} e'/ f u2] sf h;L{ufO{ r/ fpg rd] / f ufpF l;/ fg ;Nn] / L hfGy] . h;L{ufO{sf dn lsN6fdf af] s] / :ofpsf af] 6df xfNy] . h;L{ufO{sf k'R5/ ;dfP/ ;Nn] / Ldf cfpFbf–hfFbf pgs} pd] / sf u2] sf 5f] / f5f] / L 3fF6Ldf 6fO{ xNnfpFb} :s'n hfGy] . ltgn] eGy] , …5f] 6'jf, rn\ :s'n .Ú

;'g] / d'v ld7\ofpFy] . …afFb'/ f <Ú km] l/ s;} n] af] nfof] .pgL ef/ tdf / xFbf;Dd t 5f] 6' lyP . s;} n]

klg afFb'/ f eGb} gy] . ;fgf] pd] / sf g] kfnLnfO{ u2] n] 5f] 6' eGy] eg] 7'nfnfO{ uf] v] { of afFb'/ f .

km/ Ss kms] {/ x] / ] , pg} u2] gL ;8ssf] l8n} df p;} u/ L plePsL lyOg\ . / , pgn] b] v] , p;} u/ L xflGgb} lyP s'g} uf8L afuLlt/ t s'g} l;dnflt/ . / , uf8Laf6 g] kfnL cf] ln{/ x] sf lyP .

pgnfO{ t pxL 9'ª\ufn] xft xNnfPh:tf] nfUof] . t/ , 9'ª\ufsf] cg'xf/ eg] cfFvfdf cfpg ;s] g .

klxnf] kfln pgnfO{ ufpF glhss} Kof/ ] nfn uf] vf{n] NofPsf lyP, sfnfkf/ df 5f] 6' agfP/ . Kof/ ] nfnsf] ufpFsf] gfpFrflxF g;] lyof] . sfnfkf/ k'u] kl5 pgn] klg cfˆgf] dgn] vfPsf] gfpF km] / ] sf lyP .

g;] sf] sfd lyof] , ufpFsf ;j{;fwf/ 0fnfO{ sfnfkf/ Nofpg] . / , u2] sxfF sfd nufP/ sld;g vfg] . u2] af6 slt NofpFy] < ls u2] nfO{ yfxf x'GYof] ls g;] nfO{ . cfkm"n] nu] sf uf] vf{nLnfO{ cfˆgf] dhL{cg';f/ lbGy] .

!! jif{sf] pd] / b] lv h;L{ufO{sf] dn ;f] xf] g{ 5f] 6' agfP/ cft' nfnfsf] 3/ df a;fPsf lyP g;] n] sd/ ] 8 gh/ nfO{ . slt kfP g;] af6 pgsf] afafn] < slt NofPy] g;] n] u2] af6 < s;} n] klg yfxf kfPg .

!! b] lv !& aif{;Ddsf] pgsf 5 jif{ cft' nfnfsf] h;L{ufO{sf] k'R5/ ;dfpFb} lat] .

km] l/ uf8L / f] lsof] . Psx'n uf] vf{nL em/ ] . sfd / dfdsf] vf] hLdf sfnfkf/ k'u] sf uf] vf{nL km] l/ cf] ln{P .

pgn] To; lbg ;lDemP . To; lbg hLjgdf

;a} eGbf v';L lyP . 3fd ev{/ } afuLaf6 l;dnfsf] af6f] nfUb}

lyof] . lkFh8faf6 lgSn] sf r/ Lh:tf ;fthgf ee{/ sf tGg] / L g] kfn kms{+b} lyP, hgo'4df efu lng .

/ f] Nkfdf ;Ns] sf] hgo'4 b] ze/ km} ng yfn] kl5 ef/ taf6 kms{+b} lyP, cfˆgf] eljio cfkm} agfpg] ;kgf pg] / . s's'{/ ] a} +; knfpg yfn] sf] pgsf] dgn] eGof] , …d'lQmsf] ;kgf km'nfpg] of] eGbf csf] { km"naf/ L x'g ;Qm} g .Ú

rd] / f wfª\u' u2] sf] 3/ df a:g] 5f] 6' / fdnfn, kl08tsf] 5f] 6' nfn' u/ L ;ft hgf kms{+b} lyP . afrf u/ ] sf lyP, …hf] afFR5, p;n] cw'/ f ;kgf k"/ f ug] { .Ú

;fFem kfFr ah] l;dnfdf sd/ ] 8 / tgnfO{ e] 6] / g] kfn hfg] of] hgfn] dg km'n] sf] lyof] .

…nf} x} ;'? ÛÚ ;'OOo l;6L ahfPy] , nfn'n] . / ,

slxNo} gcfpg] egL 9'ª\uf dG;fP/ Ps} rf] l6 Ps÷Psj6f 9'ª\uf kmfn] y] . / , hLjgdf ;a} eGbf v';Lsf] cg'e"lt u/ ] sf lyP . sf/ 0f lyof] – bf;tfaf6 d'Qm ePsf] cfkm} n] 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf lyP .

…o;f] u/ ] kl5 s] x'G5 <Úsd/ ] 8 alnbfg cyf{t\ / ft] n] ;f] w] sf lyP,

…cfˆgf] lbn ga;] sf] 7fpFdf km] l/ cfpg gk/ f] ;\ eg] / 9'ª\uf dG;fP/ kmfNg] xfd|f] ufpFsf] rng xf] .Ú

o;/ L 9'+uf kmfn] / cfˆgf] lhGbuLsf] xsbf/ cfkm} aGg] af6f] sf] ;fOt u/ ] y] . / , ?k} l8xfaf6 g] kfn l5bf{ pgnfO{ nfu] sf] lyof] , pgn] …uf] v] {Ú …afFb/ Ú …5f] 6'Ú slxNo} ;'Gg'kg{] 5} g .

kf6L{sf] ?62af6 / f] Nkf k'Ubf emG8} 8] 9 dlxgf nfu] sf] lyof] .

…lsg ef/ t kms] {sf] <Ú ;Dem] / k'/ fgf lbg pgsf] dg PsfPs

x'l/ {of] . …o;/ L alnbfg u/ ] sf lyof} +Ú eg] / dg

km'nfP/ dfq} ;f; gclNemg] / x] 5,Ú pgsf] Ps dgn] eGof] . pgsf] cfFvfdf cfP, qmflGtdf alnbfg ug] { ;lxb kl/ jf/ / Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{sf eTs] sf 3/ sltko eTsg nfu] sf 3/ . sd/ ] 8 gh/ sf] af6f] 5] s] / ;lxb z] / sL 5f] / L h"gfn] eg] sf] pgn] ;lDemP, …xftv'§f ;Unf x'g] t sfnfkf/ / c/ a uP/ cfFvfsfg n'sfpg] . xfdL sxfF hfg] <Ú

hafkm pgLl;t lyPg . 9'+ufsf] rfªdf a;] / pgn] vf] h] pgLl;t g] kfn lkm/ ] sf pgsf ;xof] 4fnfO{ . lyPgg\ / ft] . lyPgg\ / fdl;+x klg . tL t ;lxb eO;s] sf lyP .

…lxhf] eGYof} +, qmflGtdf 5f} + . ef] ln ;a} xn x'G5 eg] / dg yfDYof} + . cfh sxfF nu] / 7sfGg] of] dgnfO{ <Ú slxNo} cfpFlbg egL 9'+uf dG;fP/ uPsf] 7fpFdf kms{g'sf] afWotf pgsf] dgdf alNemof] . / , cft' nfnfn] e] 6] s] eGg] xf] nf eGg] ;f] +r PsfPs knfof] .

uDb} pgsf] Ps dgn] eGof] , …nfnfhL, b] v] sf] Tof] ;kgf ;xL lyof] . s'g} lbg km] l/ cfpg] 5 Tof] ;kgf km'nfpg] dfnL / km] l/ hfg] 5' .Ú

pgnfO{ u2] n] ;f] Wg] s'/ f klg pgsf] cfFvfdf cfP . h:tf] M / ft] sxfF 5 < sxfF 5 lat'jfsf] 5f] 6' < sxfF 5 rd] / f l8NnLsf] 5f] 6' <

***sd/ ] 8 gh/ n] 9'ª\ufsf] rfªdf 9'ª\uf

vf] lh/ x] cfkm"n] g] kfn kms{+bf kmfn] sf] 9'ª\uf eGb} ls oxL rfªdf 9'ª\uf kmfn] / Pslbg km] l/ kms{g] 5', cfˆg} b] zdf .

vf] Hbfvf] Hb} pgsf] Ps dgn] eGof] –Psaf/ km] l/ kms{g] 5' g] kfn .

…xf] t lg x} , cw'/ f ;kgf af] s] / kms] {sf cg'xf/ s] casf] cfwf hf] jg o;} latfpFnfg\ t <Ú pgsf] dg PsfPs xF'8lnof] , …dfG5] sf] rfx / ;kgfn] …:k] ;Ú vf] lh/ xG5 . km] l/ lj:kmf] 6 x'g] 5 . / , hfg] 5' km] l/ ;fd] n x'g .Ú

pgsf] csf] { dgn] t'?Gt} ;f] Wof] ] , …km] l/ csf] {kfln hfg] a] nf slt v';L x'Fnf xF <Ú

7Ls To;} a] nf s;} n] km] l/ af] nfof] , …afFb'/ f .Ú

(Footnotes)

1 g] kfnLn] u9jfn / lxdfrnsf ef/ tLonfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { zJb –nf] Ug] dfG5] nfO{ u2] / :jf:gL dfG5] nfO{ u2] gL .

2 dfcf] jfbLn] o'4sfndf k|of] u ug] { af6f]

u2] sf 3/ df 5f] 6' a;] sf sd/ ] 8 gh/ h:t} e'/ f u2] sf h;L{ufO{ r/ fpg rd] / f ufpF l;/ fg ;Nn] / L hfGy] . h;L{ufO{sf dn lsN6fdf af] s] / :ofpsf af] 6df xfNy] . h;L{ufO{sf k'R5/ ;dfP/ ;Nn] / Ldf cfpFbf–hfFbf pgs} pd] / sf u2] sf 5f] / f5f] / L 3fF6Ldf 6fO{ xNnfpFb} :s'n hfGy] . ltgn] eGy] , …5f] 6'jf, rn\ :s'n .Ú

d l e q Pp6f 8/ 5 . g] kfnL gful/ s ePsf] x} l;otn] d} n] Gofo kfpF5' g} eGg] ljZjf; 5} g . ckflxh kl/ j] z cf] 9] / lxF8] sf] a] nf d] / f] 3/ csf{n]

8f] h/ nfP/ n8fOlbof] eg] klg d ug{ s] ;S5' xf] nf / < d] / f aRrfnfO{ s;} n] rf] / ] / d[uf} nf a] lrlbof] eg] klg ug{ s] ;S5' xf] nf < jf d] / f] ldNbf] cg'xf/ nfO{ s;} n] k} ;f glt/ ] sf] Ph] G6 7fg] / aLr} af6f] df em'lSsP/ lk6\of] eg] klg d} n] s] u5{' xf] nf < dnfO{ yfxf 5} g / clxn] nfUb} 5— ;fob d ;xG5' .

b] z eg] sf] s:tf] x'g'k5{ < tLg lbg ;f] r] / hjfkm b] eGof] eg] klg ;fob lbg ;lSbgF . sNkgf ug{ jf ;kgf b] Vg klg sxL+ st} To;sf] emNsf] x[bodf k;] sf] x'g'k5{ eg] b] zsf] Tof] emNsf] d] / f] x[bodf slta] nf k:of] , ;Demgf 5} g . xf] , kl/ jf/ s:tf] x'g'k5{ eg] / ;f] lwg] xf] eg] s] xL hafkm lbGy] + xf] nf . ;fyL s:tf] x'g'k5{ eg] / ;f] Wbf klg hafkm lbGy] F xf] nf . To;sf s] xL cg'ejx? d;Fu 5g\ t/ gful/ s ePsf] cg'ej s] nfO{ eGg] < cg'e"ltdf st} cfpg ;s] sf] 5} g . d g] kfnL ePsf] s'/ fsf] af] w dnfO{ slxn] ePsf] xf] < ls cem} klg ePsf] 5} g ls jf dnfO{ g] kfnL x'g'sf] h] –h:tf] c:ki6 af] w eO/ fv] sf] 5 Tof] ;xL cy{df g] kfnL x'g'sf] af] w geP/ cs} { s] xL kf] xf] ls <

5ftLdf 5fD5', b] z st} klg e] §fpFlbgF, vfln luvf{ / ljiffbsf kmf] sfx? dfq} 5g\ . b] zdf gful/ s x'g' / 3/ df ;Gtfg x'g'df s] leGgtf xf] nf < jf b] zsf] gful/ s x'g' / ljBfnosf] ljBfyL{ jf lzIfs x'g'df cGt/ s] xf] < b] z ePsf] dfG5] n] s] vfG5 < s] nfpF5 < s] ;f] R5, sxfF hfG5 < z/ 0ffyL{x? s] x'g\ < pgLx? b] z gePsf sf/ 0f s] s'/ faf6 jl~rt x'G5g\ / d z/ 0ffyL{ xf] ls xf] Og < d] / f] efO stf/ df 5, pm gful/ s xf] ls xf] Og < hgtf x'g' / gful/ s x'g'df e] b s] xf] < To;df d s] df k5'{ <

dnfO{ afFRg' 5 To;} n] sfd rflxPsf] 5 / dnfO{ sfd nufP/ dflg;x?n] k} ;f lbFb} gg\ t/ pgLx?;Fusf] ;DaGw lalu|G5 eg] / d emu8f ug{ klg rflx/ x] sf] 5} g . dnfO{ afFRg' 5, To;} n] zlQm rflxPsf] 5 / d kf6L{df nfu] sf] 5' clg kf6L{sf dfG5] n] d] / f] cfjZostflt/ Wofg} lbFb} gg\ t/ d pgLx?n] PSNofpnfg\ eg] / jf hLjg emg} b'Mvb\ xf] nf eg] / lj/ f] w ug{ ;ls/ x] sf] 5} g . dnfO{ afFRg' 5, To;} n] 8/ nfUbf l5d] sLx?;Fu emu8f u/ ] / vt/ f df] Ng rflx/ x] sf] 5} g t/ pgLx?n] d lxF8\g] af6f] g} gS;f ldnfP/ r] lklbG5g\, af/ nfOlbG5g\ t/ d cbfntdf uP/ d'2f xfNg ;ls/ x] sf] 5} g .

dnfO{ yfxf 5, ;/ sf/ L sd{rf/ Lx?n] k} ;f vfP/ ;fj{hlgs af6f] lghL JolQmsf] gfddf ul/ lbP / kl5 ;f] w] , …@)@! sf] gS;fdf s] 5 <Ú @)@! df Tof] af6} lyPg, d s] af] n"F < pgLx?n] ;'emfj lbP tkfO{+n] d'2f xfNg ;Sg'x'G5 t/ d t cs} { s] xL sfd u?F eGg] ;lDem/ x] sf] 5' . l;g] dflt/ nfuF", ;flxTolt/ nfu"F, ;f] r / lrGtglt/ nfu"F, s] xL / rgfTds sfd u?F eGg] 7flg/ x] sf] dfG5] ca stfaf6 d'2f xfNg / jlsnsf] sfof{nolt/ wfpg yfn"F < km] l/ k} ;f klg vr{ x'G5, 3/ a] r] / jlsn kf] :g] s'/ f klg ePg .

efO stf/ af6 3/ cfPsf] a] nfdf cfdfn] ca ghf ot} s] xL sfd u/ eGg'eof] . xfdL kl/ jf/ sf] rfxgf ToxL xf] — efOn] lax] u/ f] ;\, ot} s'g} sfd u/ f] ;\, ;a} ;Fu} a;f} F . b'Mv–;'vdf ;a} Ps} 7fpF eOG5 . efOn] oxfF s] sfd ug'{ / , d pt} hfG5' a? eGof] . d} n] af] Ng] s] xL ePg . s] u/ \ eg"F < d o;f] b'O{–rf/ cIf/ k9] sf] eg] sf] dflg;sf] t xfnt v/ fa 5, pm P;Pn;L kf;nfO{ d} n] s] sfd u/ \

eGg' < km] l/ p;sf] ?lr klg x'g'knf{ . kl/ jf/ 6'lqmPsf] 5 . rfx] / klg xfdL Ps} 7fpFdf a:g ;ls/ x] sf 5} gf} F . o:tf] lsg eO/ fv] sf] 5 < efOn] gk9] sfn] o:tf] ePsf] xf] eg] gk9] sfn] b] zdf sfd gkfpg] eGg] klg gx'g' kg] { . km] l/ w] / } k9] n] v] sfx? klg ljb] z uO/ x] sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] kl/ jf/ n] klg t ljvl08t cg'ej ul/ / fv] sf] xf] nf .

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pgn] g} hjfkm lbO/ x] sL l5g\ . uLtsf af/ ] df gsf/ fTds k|ltlqmof cfO;s] kl5 Hof] lt du/ n] cfkm"n] dfq 5f] 6f sk8f nufPsf] lsg ;dfhn] b] Vof] eGg] vfnsf] k|ltlqmof lbPsL 5g\ . x'g t g] kfndf ;L u|] 6sf rnlrq klg ag] sf 5g\ . h;n] cZnLntfeGbf a9L s] xL klg k|bz{g ug{ ;s] gg\\ . s'g} rnlrqdf cZnLntf x'g' / xfd|f] ;+:s[ltsf] k|ltlglwTj ug] { tLhsf uLtdf cZnLntf x'g' km/ s s'/ f xf] . cfkm"nfO{ dgnfUbf] gfª\lug ;lsG5 t/ ;+:s[ltnfO{ Tof] ;Fu hf] l8of] eg] ;dfhdf cfjfh rls{g yfN5g\ .

cZnLntf s] xf] < o;sf] :j?k s:tf] x'G5 eGg] af/ ] df kSs} klg Ps} vfnsf] l6Kk0fL gx'g ;S5 . t/ ;f/ df g] kfnL ;dfhnfO{ kRg g;Sg] s'/ f g} cZnLntf xf] . ;dfhnfO{ Psflt/ / fv] / la:tf/ } ;a} kRb} hfG5 eGg' d'v{tf l;jfo s] xL klg xf] Og . hlt;'s} v'n] sf] b] z / ;dfh eP klg lgnf rnlrq ;fj{hlgs ?kdf kSs} klg

k|bz{g x'Fb} gg\ . ;dfhsf] v/ fa ultnfO{ ;xL dfu{df Nofpg] of To;} df aUb} hfg] < snfsf/ n] o;sf] af/ ] df rf;f] / lrGtf / fVg'kb{5 . tLhsf] uLtdf csf{sf] cf] 5\ofgdf ;'t] sf] k} ;f rflxof] eGg ;Sg] u/ L s] g] kfnL ;dfh cufl8 al9;s] sf] 5 t < of} gsf nflu afu] {lgË ug] { s'g} j] Zofno xf] g] kfn < / a] Zof x'g\ xfd|f lbbLalxgLx? < hf] x/ ] s / ft csf{sf] cf] 5\ofg ttfP/ k} ;f c;'Ng] u5{g\ . Hof] lt du/ n] lel8of] v] Ng'cl3 zAbsf] lsg s'g} kjf{x ul/ gg\ < lsg uLtsf/ , ufos÷uflosfsf] v/ fa s'/ fnfO{ ;kf] 6{ ul/ g\ < ;:tf] nf] slk|otf g} o;sf] k|d'v sf/ 0f xf] . Hof] ltn] eg] h:t} ;dfhdf lgnf] rnlrq x] g] {x? w] / } 5g\ t/ s] tL tLhsf uLth:t} kl/ jf/ / cfkmGtL;Fu} a;] / x] 5{g\ < lgnf rnlrqx? ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|bz{g x'Fb} gg\ g tLh uLt x] / ] h;/ L kl/ jf/ sf ;a} ;b:o a;] / x] l/ G5 eGg] s'/ fnfO{ Hof] ltn] a'em\g' h?/ L 5 . 5fnfsf sf/ 0fn] kfPsf] rrf{ 5fnfsf] rfp/ Lkgf;Fu} x/ fP/ hfG5 . snfn] kfPsf] rrf{ ;+;f/ / x'~h] n;Dd / xG5 . Hof] ltn] eg] h:t} pgsf] lel8of] clxn] o'6\o'jdf w] / } k6s x] l/ Psf] 5 . of] cfn] v n] Vbf;Dd @ nfv #^ xhf/ k6s x] l/ of] pgsf] lel8of] o'6\o'jdf . lSns ug'{ 7'nf] s'/ f xf] Og To;sf] k|ltlqmof s:tf] 5 < dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f Tof] x'G5 . a] t'ssf ts{ u/ ] / cZnLntfsf] jsfnt ug{ Hof] ltn] 5f8\bf / fd|f] x'G5 . cZnLntf ;dfhdf kRg ;Sb} g / cZnLntfsf] kl/ efiff abn] / klg ablnb} g . tLhsf uLt eg] sf] ;fdfGo k9] n] v] sf of k9\b} gk9] sf xfd|f cfdf, lbbLalxgLx?n] u'gu'gfP/ gfRg] uLt x'g\ . h;n] o:tf zAb pRrf/ 0f t s] ;'Gg] ;d] t ;fdYo{ / fVb} gg\ . ;dfh dof{bfdf afFr] sf] x'G5 . cZnLn s'/ fnfO{ k|>o lbP/ ;dfhn] ult a9fpg ;s] g eGg' bf} 8] / lx8\g] dfG5] eGbf cufl8 5' eg] h:t} xf] .

uLtsf zAbn] kSs} klg 5f] 6f sk8fsf] dfu u/ ] sf] 5 . o;df ;f8L nufpg ldNb} g . t/ Hof] lth:tf] ax'd'vL k|ltef ePsf] snfsf/ n] o:tf uLtnfO{ ;:tf] nf] slk|otfsf nflu k|of] u ug'{ ultnf] s'/ f xf] Og . g] kfnsf nf] slk|o 6] lnlehgn] k} ;fsf k5fl8 nfu] / o:tf uLtnfO{ k|a4{g u/ ] ] sf 5g\ . of] eGbf nfhdbf] { s'/ f kqsfl/ tfdf s] x'G5 < ;/ sf/ n] o:tf uLt k|ltaGw gnufpg] xf] eg] ef] lnsf lbgdf o:tf snfsf/ sf] xf} ;nf a9] / hfg] 5 . tLh uLtnfO{ o:tf] unt cy{df k|of] u ug] {x?nfO{ sf/ jfxL g} ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

gofF af6f] gofF kfOnf gf6sdf ;'g] sf] pgsf] clegosf] tfl/ km ug] { z'elrGts ePsf] gftfn] pgsf] unt s'/ fnfO{ l6Kk0fL ug] { clwsf/ klg d df 5 h:tf] nfU5 . ;a} n] a'em\g' h?/ L 5– Pp6f snfsf/ sf] nflu OHht / k|lti7feGbf 7"nf] s'/ f rrf{ x'g ;Sb} g .

snfsf/ n] clfy{s / nf] slk|otfsf] nfe lng vf] Hg' kSs} klg unt s'/ f xf] Og t/ cZnLntf / 5f8fkgsf] ;xf/ f lng vf] Hg' cfkm} n] vg] sf] vf8ndf cfkm} efl;g' xf] . x/ ] s dfG5] n] hLjgdf s] xL g s] xL uNtL cjZo u5{ t/ To;nfO{ unt 9+un] ;xL ;fljt ug{ vf] lhof] eg] To;n] Ifl0fs ?kdf cfgGb t lbg ;Snf t/ eljiodf cfkm} nfO{ g} afwf k'¥ofpF5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfn / ldl8ofdf h;/ L oL b'O{ uLtsf ;Dk"0f{ kIf Hof] lt du/ ;Fu dfq hf] l8P/ x] l/ Psf] 5 of] k"jf{u|xL x] / fO xf] . of] uNtL Hof] ltsf] dfq xf] Og oL uLt / lel8of] ;Fu cfj4 ;a} / o;nfO{ ;fy lbg] ldl8ofsf] klg xf] . ax'k|ltefzfnL Hof] lt du/ n] a'em\g' h?/ L 5– n'uf km'sfn] / UNofd/ ; xf] Og, gUgtf / cZnLntf x'G5 .

cZnLntf ;dfhdf kRg ;Sb} g / cZnLntfsf] kl/ efiff abn] / klg

ablnb} g . tLhsf uLt eg] sf] ;fdfGo k9] n] v] sf

of k9\b} gk9] sf xfd|f cfdf, lbbLalxgLx?n] u'gu'gfP/ gfRg] uLt x'g\ . h;n]

o:tf zAb pRrf/ 0f t s] ;'Gg] ;d] t ;fdYo{ / fVb} gg\ . ;dfh dof{bfdf afFr] sf] x'G5 . cZnLn s'/ fnfO{ k|>o lbP/ ;dfhn] ult a9fpg ;s] g eGg' bf} 8] / lx8\g] dfG5] eGbf cufl8 5'

eg] h:t} xf] .

a;Gt ljjz cfrfo{

afF;sf sf7 / ef6fn] 3] / ] / 78\ofOPsf] lrofk;n leqaf6 xfgfyfk u/ ] em} + cfjfh lg:sb} lyof] . Tof] s'g} k|r08 udL{sf] , / flkPsf] lbpF;f] lyof] . k;n ;fd'Gg] nDk;f/ k/ ] / ;'t] sf] sfnf] ;8snfO{ a] nf s'a] nf xflGgb} cfPsf]

s'g} ;jf/ Ln] t;f{pg vf] HYof] , sfu o;f] klG5GYof] / km] l/ cfP/ Tof] kfk|f] sf] 6\ofpg ;'? ul/ xfNYof] .

;8s kf/ L s] 5 eGg] sf} t'xndf ;fob s'g} gfOs] Eofu'tfn] af6f] sf6\g vf] h] sf] lyof] , t/ s'g} ;jf/ Lsf] kfª\u|fn] To;nfO{ / f] 6L agfOlbPsf] lyof] . lg/ Gt/ sf] 3fdsf] / Gsf] / cg] sfg] s kfª\u|fx¿sf] kmGsf] n] Tof] …Eofu'tf/ f] 6LÚ ca vqmSs k/ ] sf] …;g 8«fO8 kfk8dÚ ag] sf] lyof] . To;nfO{ sfun] cToGt ldx] gtsf ;fy r'Rrf] n] sf] 6\ofpFb} lyof] .

…To;nfO{ kfFr ldg] 6df r6 kf5{ Û x] / L/ fv .Ú k;nleqsf] o'jf …UofªÚsf] Pp6fn] eGof] .

csf{n] d'v 5f8\of] / ;do ylklbof] , …bz ldg] 6 nfPg eg] d] / f] d'vdf y'lsb] cf] .Ú

sf] xL tD;] / ;do 36fpg p2t eof] , …b'O{ ldg] 6df ;S5 o;n] .Ú

kl5lNt/ a;] sf] lknGw/ ] cfˆgf] af] nLsf] jhg b] vfpg cfˆgf ;fyLefOsf] cufl8 cfP/ b] a|] xTs] nfdf bflxg] xftsf] d'8\sL ahfb{} s'ln{of] , …cfh l;WofpFb} g o;n] ef] ln kl;{;DdnfO{ / fV5 .Ú

afhL ;'? eOxfNof] .d] / f] bzd] / f] aL;d] / f] krf;sfu a8f] bQlrQn] , r'Rrf] 58\s] kf/ ] / , 7'ª\b}

pSsfpFb} kfk|f kmf] Yof] { / vfGYof] . ;jf/ L cfpFYof] , Tof] km'q'Ss pk|m] / kfvf nfUYof] . km] l/ pxL hf] xf] df h'l6xfNYof] . 306f eGbf a9\tf eof] , sfu vl6/ Xof] . lknGw/ ] sf] r'l/ km'/ L a9\b} uof] . sfun] csf] { Ps 306f nufof] / clGtd 6'qmf 7'ª\Ug yfNof] . Ps} l5gdf Tof] clGtd 6'qmf] sf] cflv/ L rf] O6f pSsfpg, r'Rrf] 58\s] kfbf{kfb{} nueu e'OFsf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/ ] / To;sf] d'lGt/ l5/ fof] . ToxL a] nf ;f] em} x'OFlsb} cfPsf] l6Kk/ n] sfunfO{ / f] 6L agfOlbof] .

Tof] x'nsf] / ldtf ;lsP5 Sof/ ] , cf–cfˆgf af6f] nfu] . / f] df~rs rnlrqsf] cjfs bz{sem} + Tof] ;a x] l/ / x] sf] a6'jf u|fxsn] lrofsf] clGtd 3'6\sf] lkof] / k;n] nfO{ k} ;f lbb} + eGof] –

…a8f] / dfOnf] afhL nfUbf] / x] 5 of] 7fpFdf l76fx¿sf] ÛÚ

lrof k;n] n] d} nf] rs6Lsf] d'lGt/ k} ;f] / fVof] , v'Oo u¥of] / eGof] –

…a] / f] huf/ x¿ x'g\ ;/ Û s] u¿g\ < sfd3fd 5} g, b'O{rf/ lbg xlNnG5g\, ef] lnkl;{ / ] ld6] G; k7fpF5g\ .Ú

cfˆgf] pQ/ n] gf} nf] u|fxs k|efljt ePsf] b] v] / bfz{lgsem} + cem yKof] – …clg Tof] / ] ld6] G; Tof] sfun] h:t} a;L vfg kNs] sf 6fps] x¿n] l6lk/ xG5g\ . t/ Tof] l6Kk/ h:tf] sf] O{ dfOsfnfn k} bf ePsf] 5} g .

ljZj ko{6g lbj;sf] lbg dxfb] j ¿k kl/ jt{g u/ ] / cfˆgf] r'Na'n] ;fgf] 5f] / f] u0f] z / k|f0fKof/ L kfj{tLnfO{ lnP/ kfl/ jfl/ s e|d0fdf k[YjLnf] s cfP . Pp6f :6] ;g/ L k;nleq k;] / ljZj gS;f lsgL x] b{} b] z

b] zfj/ sf] e|d0f ub{} lyP . ;xf/ f d?e"lddf k'Ubf pgL cndlnP .

lbzf ljlbzf 1fgsf] nflu pgn] gS;f kN6fP . 7Ls To;} a] nf k|r08 xfjf rNof] . xfjfn] gS;f 6'qmf–6'qmfdf ljeflht eof] . xfjfsf] / f} › tf08j g[To sd ePkl5 dxfb] jn] cfˆgf] O{Zj/ Lo zlQmn] RofltPsf] gS;f hf] 8\g vf] h] t/ k[YjL nf] sdf cfPsfn] xf] ls lsg xf] ?› zlQmsf] hf] 8 rn] g .

pgL eml:sP . sf/ 0f– ;xf/ f d?e"lddf csf] { gS;f lsGg] k;n lyPg . ofqf 5f] 6\ofP/ s} nfz nfuf} + eg] klg s} nfz hfg] k[YjLsf] Pp6f dfq åf/ 5f8] / pgL lgs} 6f9f k'lu;s] sf lyP . c;kmn k|of;df kl;gf–kl;gf ePkl5 kfj{tLsf] a'l4n] kf] e] 6\5 ls egL ;f] w] . lsgls kfj{tLsf] a'l4 Zn] ifdfGts jgsf] 36gfkl5 pgn] rfn kfPsf lyP t/ o;k6s t kfj{tLsf] klg s] xL nfu] g .

oxLa] nf xfQL;'9] u0f] zn] d Tof] 6'qmf hf] 8\5' egL lh2L ubf{ …d} n] t g;s] sf] tF gfy] n] cfF6 ug{] Ú egL l/ ;fP/ pkfo ;f] Rg dxfb] j PsfGt nfu] . kfj{tL klg lrlGtt eP/ ;f] rdUg eOg\ . s] xL a] / kl5 ;fgf] u0f] z …d} n] gS;f hf] 8] +Ú eGb} d?e"ldsf] afn'jfdf ltg xftdfly plk|mof] .

To;kl5 7"nf] / fxt ePsf] dx;'; ub{} / gd| x'Fb} dxfb] jn] …x} g t} +n] gS;f s;/ L hf] l8;\ tÚ egL ;f] Wbf u0f] zn] …gS;fsf] k5fl8 dfG5] sf] lrq ePsf] / To;} lrqnfO{ ldnfPkl5 ljZj gS;f ldn] sf] Ú atfof] . dxfb] jnfO{ u0f] zsf] efiff k|tLsfTds nfUof] t/ a'em] gg\ . gS;f hf] l8Pkl5 dxfb] j cf/ fd;fy k[YjLsf] e|d0f l;WofP/ k'gM s} nfzlt/ nlDsP .

s} nfz k|j] z ugf{;fy dxfb] jdf cfˆgf] zlQm k|Tofjt{g eof] . To;kl5 pgn] 6'lqmPsf] gS;f / u0f] zåf/ f hf] l8Psf] 36gfaf6 o:tf] lgrf] 8 lgsfn] – …dfG5] ldn] df ljZj ljefhgsf] sNkgf lg/ y{s x'G5 . dfG5] –dfG5] sf] a] d] nn] ljZj ljvl08t / ljeflht aG5 .Ú

o:tf] lgrf] 8 lgl:sPsf] df dxfb] j aiff} {+ cWoog ubf{ s'g} lbg gjLg l;4fGt kQf nufpg] ;kmntf k|fKt j} 1flgsem} + v';L x'Fb} ljif, efª, wt'/ f] vfO{ tLg lbg;Dd n8] / ] eGg] va/ k[YjLdf ck|Toflzt ¿kdf ;~rfl/ t eof] .

dxfb]j / pgsf] kfl/jfl/s e|d0f

/ fhg sfsL{ nId0f cof{n

r]nLsf] ;kgf

cfof] lbbL tLh km]l/, axQ/ ;fnsf] al/n}– ljklQn] vf];L nUof] uf; yfnsf] .lbbL–a}gL hDdf eO{, dgsf] kL/ x6fpFnf,al/n}– b'Mv ;a} lal;{P/ xfF:b} gfrf}+nf ..

lx8 a}gL uxgf lsGg, ;'g ;:Tof 5 ahf/dfal/n}– 5 O~rLsf] ltnx/L kfFr xhf/df .hlt ;'g ;:t] klg k};f 5}g kf;df,al/n}– nfU5 lbbL tLvf] 9'ª\uf uf;–uf;df .

hfpF g a}gL ;f8L lsGg, rfnL;–krf; xhf/sf]al/n}– C0f nfu] a]lrlbpFnf v]t s5f/sf] .Jofkf/Ln] efp a9fpF5g\, tLhsf] df}sf kf/]/al/n}– dxª\uf] ;f8L gnfpm lbbL k]6 df/]/ ..

cfpg} nfUof] ;+ljwfg, of] b]zdf cflv/al/n}– xfdLn] klg vfG5f}+ ca /fd|f] hfuL/ .;+ljwfgsf] 6'ª\uf] 5}g, ;an] x7 le/]sfal/n}– hlt hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf ..

3/df cfuf] bGsfP/, n8\5g\ xfd|f bfh'efOal/n}– ;+ljwfgdf a'Fbf yKbf ;f]W5g\ c?nfO{ .ljb]zLsf] s]ldsnn] /ª\ufpFb}gf}+ s]znfO{al/n}– eLv lbb}df ;'Dkb}gf}+ Kof/f] b]znfO{ ..

xfd|f s'/f n]Vg 5f]8] 6'KkL logsf ;dfpFnfal/n}– l;+xb/af/ leq} k;L s';L{ hnfpFnf .h'Fufx¿ Psh'6 x'Fbf, dlxnf k/] k5fl8al/n}– gf/L Pp6} /ut agL auf}+ cufl8 .

aG5 sfg"g of] b]zdf, dlxnfsf] kIfdfal/n}– ca xfdL efG;f xf]Og ;efsIfdf .xfd|} gfdsf] gful/stf, dfdf p;sf] ef/tL, al/n}– bfOhf] NofpFnf sfG5f] 5f]/f], 6f6f df?tL ..

hflu/ kfpGgg\ nf]Ug]x¿, gf/L dlxnf sf]6fdfal/n}– :jf:gL nfUn] clkm;lt/, nf]Ug] uf]7df .sf]xL agf+}nf dGqL–;f+;b, sf]xL agf}+nf clkm;/al/n}– x]g{ hfpFnf df]bL zf;g, lbNnL–cd[t;/ ..

hfuL/ VjfpFnf elthLnfO{ 7]Ssf dfdf 5f]/fnfO{al/n}– a8Luf8{sf] :yfoL lgo'lQm, d'Gb|] df]/fnfO{ .;'Aaf eP eG;f/df, k'ln; ag] a8{/,al/n}– Ps jif{d} Go"/f]8df vf]N5f}+ ;6/ ..

P]n];Dd b'Nxf/fhf hfG5g\ hGtL lnP/al/n}– 6Gg vfG5g\ df;' k'nfp, df5f–lao/ .ca hflG5g\ b'n} /fgL hGtL lnO{ a;dfal/n}– b'nfxf afpn] :jfut unf{g\ 8'Anfg\ /;df ..

nufpF5f}+ lhgsf] k}06, r9\5f}+ afOs–kN;/,al/n}– k'?ifsf] bfbflu/L slt rN5 / .lh:sfPdf r]nLa]6L sf6\5f}+ 5'/f cfF;Ln],al/n}– anfTsf/sf] k|of; u/] dnf{g\ kmfF;Ln] ..

ax'bnsf] dL7f] k|;fb, efu nufpFnf a;]/al/n}– 6Gg} vfpFnf tLhsf] b/ e'F8L s;]/ .l56} agf];\ ;+ljwfg, dL7} agf];\ v'/fsal/n}– axQ/sf] xfd|f] tLh gxf];\ p/f7 ..)))

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;] t] h] 7f af leq hf] 8–hf] 8n] vf] Sb} lyP . dfgf} + a'9fnfO{ bd / Ifo/ f] un] o;kflnsf] bz} + dfGg klg lbGg . pd] / n] ev{/ ;f7L sf6] sf h] 7f afsf] cGjf/ x] bf{ c;L sf6] / rf} / f;L k"hf ug] { tof/ Lsf h:tf b] lvGy] . hjfgLdf ;Gtfgsf nflu Ps 5fsn] lbg s6fpg'

clg ;Gtfgs} nflu k} ;f arfpg] nfnrn] ubf{ cfh s'gfdf a;] / ?Fb} vf] Sg lajz 5g\ h] 7f af .

…s:tf] htf kfof] Tot} y'Sof xf] s] af Û o:tf] l3g nfUbf] vsf/ t aflx/ uP/ y'Sg' g . ;kmf ug] { cflv/ d} n] g} xf] nf . slt b'Mv lbg ;Sof .Ú 3/ sL h] 7L a'xf/ L lgd{nL l/ ;n] cfuf] x'Fb} s/ fpFb} efG;flt/ l5/ L .

x'g t h] 7f afsf tLg 5f] / L clg rf/ efO 5f] / f x'g\ . c? tLg efO zx/ lt/ } hf] OnfO{ sfvf xfn] / a:of 5g\ / ] h] 7fafs} zAbdf eGbf . tLg 5f] / Lx? cfˆgf kf] Osf 3/ df v'zL 5g\ / ] . h] 7L cfd} nfO{ klg k/ f/ ;fnsf] bz} + cufl8 ;fdfGo Hj/ f] sf] axfgfn] h] 7fafaf6 t s] ;+;f/ af6} cnu u/ fPsf] lyof] / ] . hLjg;+lugL u'd] sf] kL8fdf ´g l;u|] 6 / la8LnfO{ ;fyL agfpFbf h] 7f af klg h] 7L cfd} nfO{ e] 6\g hfg] lbg uGb} a;] sf 5g\ .

…cf] P, lgd{nL kfgL b] tf] clnslt . vf] Sbf–vf] Sbf 3fF6L ;'Sof] .Ú

h] 7f af leqaf6 s/ fP/ kfgL dfu] sf] ;f/ f 6f] nn] ;'Gof] t/ lgd{nLn] ;'lgg . ;'lggF eGbf klg ;;'/ fnfO{ 6] l/ g . a'9f p;} u/ L vf] sL / x] . kfgLsf nflu lrRofO/ x] t/ cxF ToxfF kfgL s;} n] nUb] g .

…P rfp/ ] sL cfdf, kfgL b] eg] sf] ;'lgg;\ ls g6] / ] sf] xF <Ú

cfFvfaf6 tKk cfF;' ´fb} { bdn] / f] s] sf] af] nLdf km] l/ gfltsf] gfdaf6 a'xf/ LnfO{ af] nfP . h] 7f] 5f] / f lxGb':tfg l5/ ] sf] nfp/ ] lyof] . aif{df Ps dlxgf 5'l§ lnP/ 3/ cfpFYof] . :jf:gLnfO{ d'6'el/ sf] dfof lbGYof] . afnfO{ OlG8ofaf6} lsg] / NofPsf] bd / l6aLsf] ;fyL kft] la8L lbGYof] clg lbge/ ;fyLefO;Fu e§Ldf / dfpFYof] . / ftL ca] / 3/ cfpFYof] g;fdf 8'a] / . aif{df Ps dlxgf '́lNsg] kfx'gf lyof] nfp/ ] . a? h] 7fafsf] ;fyL t rfp/ ] g} lyof] . nfp/ ] sf] 5f] / f rfp/ ] . t/ lbge/ :s'n hfg] x'Fbf cfh h] 7fafnfO{ kfgL lbg rfp/ ] s'b] g gq lgd{nLnfO{ eg] klg kfgL clg bafO lnP/ afh] sf] sf] 7fdf s'b\g] rfp/ ] g} x'GYof] .

…cfkm} cfP/ 3} +6faf6 kfgL ;f/ ] / vfP klg dl/ b} g af . dl/ P5 eg] klg ca w] / } afFRg'eGbf dg'{ g} hftL . slt ;tfsf] ;tfpg klg .Ú lgd{nL efG;faf6 cln hf] 8n] g} s/ fO{ . dfgf} + p;nfO{ h] 7faf afFRg'eGbf d/ ] s} / fd|f] nfUg] 5 . a'xf/ Lsf s'/ f ;'g] / h] 7faf r'krfk eP . hjfgLdf u/ ] sf] b'Mv ;lD´P . clg ;fob ;f] r] xf] nfg\ s] kfgL klg vfg gkfpg] lbg cfof] t < s] log} lbgsf] nflu d/ L–d/ L b'Mv ul/ Psf] lyof] <Ú

bdn] ubf{ h] 7f afsf] :jfF :jfF ug] { cfjfh efG;fdf a;] sL lgd{nLn] klg ;'Gb} lyO{ . t/ p;sf] dg un] g . cfˆg} w'gdf s/ ] nf sfl6/ xL t/ kfgL nlUbg] wd{ ul/ gF . sdhf] / Ln] ubf{ xf] nf, h] 7fafsf xftv'§f nunu sdfpFb} efG;fdf l5/ ] . efF8f / fVg] vfkLaf6 lunf; lgsfn] clg 3} +6faf6 kfgL ;f/ ] . Ps lunf; kfgLn] Kof; d] l6of] t/ lwt d/ ] g . csf] { Ps lunf; kfgL ;fg{} nfUbf 3} +6fsf] kfgL XjfQ} kf] lvof] . ;DxfNbf ;DxfNb} cfwL 3} +6f] kfgL efG;fel/ eof] . a'9f a'xf/ Lsf] 8/ n] y/ y/ eP . a'xf/ Ln] arg nfpg ;'? u/ L .

…gf;'g', ltdL a'9f d/ ] t xfO;'v kfpFy] + . s;d x'g' slt hftLlalt ;tfP ;tfpg klg dg{ g;s] sf kfkL .Ú a'xf/ Ln] kfkL eg] ;L h] 7fafn] cfkm'n] u/ ] sf kfkx? ;;{tL{ ;lD´g] sf] lz; u/ ] . t/ cxF s] xL ;lD´Pgg\ . ;Gtfgsf nflu ef] sef] s} sdfpg vf] Hg' kSs} klg kfk

lyPg xf] nf . cfkm'n] b'Mv u/ ] / sdfPsf] ;DklQdf / hfOF ug] { 5f] / fa'xf/ LnfO{ ;fdfGo sfd u/ fpg vf] Hg' of s] xL s'/ fsf] cfzf ug'{ kSs} klg kfk xf] Og xf] nf . t/ klg kfkL lsg egL t eGg] s'/ fdf h] 7faf ;f] rdUg eP . ;fob ;DklQ arfpg' g} kfk / x] 5 eGg] ;f] r] xf] nfg\ h] 7fafn] .

h] 7faf tgfj lnb} cfˆg} sf] 7fdf kmls{P . bd / vf] sLn] w] / } afFRg lbg] t lyPg g} . t/ klg afFRbf;Dd 5f] / f a'xf/ Lsf] dfofdf afFrf} nf clg gflt;Fu} v] nf} +nf eGg] ;kgf k"/ f gx'g] afn] cg'ej u/ ] xf] nfg\ . p;} t ;w} + / ;fO/ xg] / l;nf cfFvfx?af6 cfF;' r'lxg s] a] / . t/ a'9fn] cfF;' n'sfpg rfxGy] . n'sfpg vf] Hbf vf] Hb} klg tKk r'lxof] . clg gfssf] 6'Kkfdf cl8Psf] cfF;'sf] yf] kfnfO{ 6fpsfsf] 9fsf 6f] kLn] k'5] clg la:t/ fd} klN6P .

c? a] nf klg a'xf/ Ln] arg gnfPsL x} g t/ cfhsf] argn] h] 7f afsf] dg w] / } / f] of] ;fob . To;} n] t xf] nf a? ef] s} a:g] lxDdt lnP t/ ef] s nfUof] eg] gg\ . Kof; nfUbf ;lsg;ls cfkm} kfgL ;f/ ] / vfP t/ kfgL Nof t a'xf/ L eg] gg\ . gflt;Fu v] Ng / dfpg] h] 7f af gflt;Fu klg / dfpg ;s] gg\ . ;fob pgsf] dgdf 3fd nfUg ;s] g . / dfpgsf nflu dg v';L x'g' h?/ L lyof] Tof] lyPg .

5f] / fn] slxn] s] 5 af < ltDnfO{ s] vfg dg 5 eg] / ;f] w] g / ] . a'xf/ Ln] afFRg'eGbf dg'{d} v'zL / xg] cleJolQm lbPkl5 Tof] ;fgf] gflt;Fu v] n] / a:g] dg ePg h] 7f afsf] . ;fob ;f] r] xf] nfg\– of] klg ef] ln cfdfs} s'/ fdf nfu] / dnfO{ x] Kg ;S5 .

l;/ fgLdf / fv] sf] h] 7L cfd} sf] kmf] 6f] lgsfn] / x] b} { lyP . ;xg} g;s] / xf] nf lxSsf 5f8] / ?g yfn] . afh] / f] Psf] ;'g] / xf] nf gflt rfp/ ] afh] ;'t] sf] sf] 7fdf cfof] . afh] nfO{ ;D´fof] . afh] n] klg gfltnfO{ sfv xfn] / ;'t] .

h] ndf a;] eGbf klg si6s/ hLjg Ho"g'eGbf dg'{ plrt x'G5 ls eGg] ;f] rn] h] 7fafnfO{ / fte/ lgbfpg lbPg . gflt s] 6f] nfO{ klg a'xf/ L cfP/ nluxfnL . a'9f] zl/ / nfO{ slxn] otf sf] N6] t slxn] ptf sf] N6] kfb} { lgbfpg] sf] l;; u/ ] . t/ cxF lkml6Ss} lgb|f k/ ] g . b'O{ lbgnfO{ k'Ug] l;u|] 6 / fte/ df ;lsof] t/ g dg v';L x'g ;Sof] g t cfFvfdf lgGb|f g} cfof] . hlt sf] l;; u/ ] klg glgbfP/ } / ft sf6] .

laxfg eof] . h] 7f afnfO{ bd / l6aLn] ́ g} l;lyn agfPsf] lyof] t/ dgdf lxDdt eP/ xf] nf . cfh s;} sf] ;xf/ f lag} lb;f ug{ h+un uP . xft d'v wf] P/ lrofsf] kvf{Odf cfˆg} sf] 7fdf a;] . lxhf] b] lv af] Ng} 5f8] sL a'xf/ Ln] gfltsf] xftdf lrof / e'6] sf] af;L eft k7fOlbOg . ef] sn] / lgGb|fn] un] sf h] 7f afn] lrof;Fu} d'5] / eft vfP . dgn] cg] s s'/ f ;f] lr/ x] sf lyP . d'xf/ df rds lyPg . vf] sL cgj/ t lyof] . / L;n] xf] nf vsf/ 3/ leq} y'ls/ x] sf lyP .

h] 7f af h'?Ss p7] . cfˆgf ;fdfg kf] sf] kf/ ] . 5f] / fn] nfx'/ af6 NofOlbPsf] Ps dfq lrgf] n'ËLdf

;fdfgx?sf] kf] sf kf/ ] . ;a} ;fdfg tof/ eP;L ;a} eGbf dfly h] 7Lcfd} sf] kmf] 6f] sf] k|m] dnfO{ / fv] . k'/ fgf] n'ËLsf] k6'sL s;] . clg ToxL+ k6'sLsf] cf8 kf/ ] / sDd/ g] / cfkm";Fu ePsf] k} ;f sf] rf/ ] clg nf} / f] s} ;xf/ fdf p7] / 3/ af6 lgl:sP .

…eft l3Rg] a] nf sfF df] g{ hfg nf xf] < hf d/ ] klg eft l3r] / dg] { .Ú 3/ cufl8sf] s'jfdf kfgL eb} { u/ ] sL lgd{nfn] v/ f] argn] Ps 7:sf] af] nL km'6fO . h] 7f af 6Ss cl8P . af] Ng dg t lyPg xf] nf . t/ a'xf/ L;Fu} v] ln/ x] sf] gfltsf] dfofn] ubf{ cfFvf gfltlt/ nufpFb} eg] , …dfu] / vfG5' t/ '́s] / clg ba] / vfFb} g, To;} n] h;n] vfg lbG5 ToxL+ hfFb} 5' .Ú gfltn] slt a'‰of] , a'́ ] g Tof] gfltnfO{ g} yfxf lyof] xf] nf . a'xf/ Ln] gfs afËf] u/ fO{ clg d'G6f] klg a6f/ L . h] 7f af af6f] nfu] .

cln k/ k'u] kl5 h] 7f afn] km/ Ss kms] {/ cfˆgf] ;DklQ x] / ] . hjfgLe/ kl;gf aufP/ agfPsf] 3/ x] / ] . 3fdkfgL ;x] / / f] k] sf au} +rfsf af] 6 lj?jf x] / ] . tnlt/ sf] u} / L v] t x] / ] , hxfF nfp/ ] 5f] / fnfO{ cfnLdf a;fn] / h] 7f afsf hf] Okf] On] xfF:b} v] tLkftL nfpFy] . nfp/ ] 5f] / fnfO{ ;fdfGo rf] 6 nfUbf s'b] / hf] Okf] O cflQb} cfpFy] . t/ cfh tL ;a} a] sf/ eP . ;xf/ fsf nflu / fv] sf] 5f] / fn] >LdtLnfO{ dfq dfof ug] { eof] . c? 5f] / fx? t afa' d/ f] ;\ ls afFrf] ;\ dtna} lyPg . cflv/ df rf/ 5f] / fsf af klg a] ;xf/ f ag] .

3/ af6 lgl:sPsf h] 7f af sxfF hfg] ;f] Rg} ;s] gg\ . 5f] / fx? ;a} To:t} x'g\– 5f] / Lx? cs} {sf eOuP . af6f] df a;] / eLv dfu] / vfg] pgdf lxDdt lyPg . t/ hLjg hLpg] c? pkfo klg lyPg . hlt 3/ b] lv 6f9f hfFb} lyP Tolt g} hLjg cGwsf/ b] Vb} lyP h] 7f afn] / hLjg hLpg] pkfox? ;f] Rb} klg lyP .

h] 7f afn] zx/ gk'Ub} lgisif{ lgsfn] – j[4f>ddf a:g] . st} ;'g] sf] lyP– a] ;xf/ f a[åa[åfx?sf nflu vfg] a:g] ;'ljwf x'G5 / ] eGg] . cfkmGtLsf] af] ́ ag] / nfrf/ L tl/ sfn] hLjg lhpg'eGbf Tot} uP/ cfkm"h:t} a] ;xf/ fsf ;fyL aGg' plrt 7fg] h] 7fafn] .

zx/ sf] s'g s'gfsf Tof] cf>d x'G5 eGg] kQf] gkfPsf h] 7f af vf] Hb} eP klg ToxL+ a[åf>dd} uP/ a:g] lgrf] 8 lgsfn] . clg vf] Hb} –vf] Hb} nfu] cf>dlt/ – rf/ 5f] / fsf af a] ;xf/ f ag] / .

x] nf] d] g] h/ hL, xfp jf/ o' <cfO Pd kmfOg 8fS6/ ;fa . cfh w] / } lbgkl5 km";{b

eof] x} g t .Ú s] ug] { of/ ;] jf ug] { k] ;fdf nfu] eg] d] jf vfg] ;do lg gx'Fbf] / x] 5 76\of} nL kf/ fdf eGb} / ljg u] 6leq cfof] .

d] / f] cfTdLo ;fyL xf] / ljg;Fu} k9] sf] , x's] {sf] , afNosfnsf] r'Na'n] v] nb] lv hjfgLsf] xF;Ldhfs ;Fu} a9] sf] .

n cfh 3fd lg l7Ss nfu] 5, cfh s] 5 t Knfg <

vf] O{ 3/ df sf] O x'g'x'Gg eg] / o;f] ;a} sf] 7fdf x] g{ EofO;s] sf] lyof] / ljgn] .

cfh zlgaf/ ;a} aflx/ hfg' ePsf] 5 5'l§ dgfpg clg d rflxF tF cfpF5;\ eg] / gusf] of/ .

P n 7Ls 5 cfh emg / dfOnf] x'g] eof] x} g t eGb} xfdL lr;f] vfFb} ukm ug{ yfN5f} + . clg s] eO/ fÚ5 a} } +s ;} +s xF < ;'6a'6 nfP/ 6Ss hfg] cfpg] / dfOnf] 5 ltdLx?sf] nfOkm t . xfd|f] t g 6fOd g ;'6a'6 .

xfxfxf 5 t ;] tf] n'uf, d} g Og XjfO6 . ;] tf] t zflGtsf] k|tLs xf] lg t klg zflGtsf] b"t xf] ;\ s] .

xfd|f] ukm cl3 al9/ x] sf] x'G5 eg] l6eL PSn} alh/ x] sf] x'G5 . / ljg cln hf] l;P/ x] / of] hfaf] lr;f] dfq vfP/ x'Gg a? c? vfpF eGb} lk|mh vf] N5 .

cf] xf] 8fS6/ ;fanfO{ w] / } g} ltvf{ nfu] h:tf] 5 eGb} d lao/ lemSb} 5] pmsf] xf] 6] ndf lrs] g lrNnL, ;] s'jf / lkG6\; ;fFw] sf] dufpF5' . Ps} l5gdf xf] 6] nsf] efO cfOk'Uof] clg xfdL lg lkpg z'? u5f} {+ .

lro;{ km/ cfj/ k|m] G8zLk .udL{df lr;f] lao/ vfg'sf] dhf g} 5'§} 5 . w] / } kl5

e] 6 ePsf] xfdL la:tf/ } –la:tf/ } ;a} 3/ fo;L, / fhgLlts, j} b] lzsb] lv / dfOnf ukm ub} { kfFr af] tn ;ls;s] sf x'G5f} + .

k} n] b] lvg} / ljgsf] afgL rfF8f] –rfF8f] l;tg vfO;Sg] 5 / cfh lg d ;fbfdf .

PSsf;L lgGb|faf6 Ao"Fem] em} + p;n] ;f] Wof] – tFnfO{ xfd|f] b] z s:tf] nfU5 < xF dnfO{ / fd|f] nfU5 lsg / b] zelQm r9\g nfUof] < tFnfO{ rflxF s] nfU5 < d} n] xfF:b} ;f] w] + . xfxf dnfO{ lg / fd|} nfU5 . olt eGb} pm 6\jfOn] 6lt/ uof] . xFl;nf] r] x/ f . afgL klg dgdf ;lhn} a:g] vfnsf] 5 . ;/ sf/ L c:ktfnsf] 8fS6/ xf] pm . p;sf] a"9L clg Pp6L ;fgL 8] 9 jif{sf] 5f] / L 5 .

csf] { Ps lunf; yKb} s] xL uDeL/ x'Fb} eGof] – of/ dnfO{ w] / } dfof nfU5 g] kfn cfdfsf] . h] eP lg xfd|f] hGde"ld xf] . leq} b] lv s] xL u?Fem} + nfU5 . h'g xif{n] uj{n] dgdf hfu] sf] dfof 5 lg . t/ To;df l67 clg bofn] 5f] lklbG5 . ev{/ } dfq d hfh/ sf] 6sf] dxfdf/ Ldf uPsf] lyPF . slt ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts ;hfj6n] el/ k"0f{ 7fpFdf w] / } dflg; Pp6f ;fdfGo ;?jf / f] uaf6 lk/ f] lnPsf lyP . ToxfFsf x/ ] s JolQm xfdLh:t} cfd g] kfnL x'g\ . ljsf;n] dfq las6 ToxfF ;a} hgf b} jsf] bf] if lbb} To} eujfgnfO{ hLjgsf] eLv dflu/ x] sf lyP . x'g lg ltgLx?sf] nflu lzIff, hgr] tgf, :jf:Yo ;] jfsf] sld lyof] . clg ;/ sf/ < cfzf g} lyPg . Tof] s'g} ;d:of x} g xfdLn] rfx\of} + eg] / f] Sg dfq x} g l5g} { lbb} gf} + . Pp6f lhNnfdf hfaf] rf/ hgf 8fS6/ . t} klg w] / } labfdf clg === t/ ltgLx?nfO{ a:g] dfxf] n, eQf, ;'ljwf clg lgu/ fgLsf] h?/ L 5 . h'g / fHosf] sfd xf] .

n8a8fpFb} eg] klg dnfO{ p;sf] x/ ] s s'/ f oyfy{, ;To, uDeL/ / dfld{s nfUof] . cfkm} df ;f] Rb} x/ fPF clg Psk6s dgdg} cfkm" lg nfrf/ ePsf] efg u/ ] + . cem deGbf nfrf/ t tL grfx] / lg ljb] lzg k'u] sf g] kfnLx? 5g\ . b] zsf cy{tGq / ] .

Xof, 5f] 8\b] o:tf s'/ f a? hfpF 5tdf k'/ fgf] c•fdf Kof/ f] sf7df08'nfO{ x] b} { a;f+} nf eGb} xfdL dfly uof} + .

/ ] lnªdf c8] ; nfpFb} / ljgn] t ;Fu 5} g hl8a'6L sf] xL 5} g cfh t vfOlbpmF k'/ fgf lbgem} + / dfOnf] u/ f} +nf eGb} d';'Ss xfF:of] . d klg xfF;] / } 5} g eGb} 6fpsf] xNnfPF . km] l/ xfF:b} p;n] cfˆgf] uf] hLaf6 b'Oj6f e/ ] sf] v's'/ L r'/ f] 6 lgsfN5 . d klg udSs x'Fb} s] vf] H5;\ sfgf] 7"n} cfFvf] eof] . 6\ofª\sLsf] d'lg a;] / xfdL

;Nsfpg yfN5f} + . Psf] xf] / f] tfGb} w'FjfnfO{ dfly afbn;Fu} k'Ug] u/ ] / kmfN5f} + . w'Fjf Ps} l5gdf lanfpF5 t/ xfdL ToxL+ afbnd} x/ fpF5f} + . cfFvf n¶ kfb} { Ps csf{nfO{ x] b} { xfF:5f} +– lagf :jfb} .

sf7df08'sf] dgf] / d b[io x] b} { s'g ;f] rsf] ulx/ fOdf k'u] sf] x'G5f} + cfkm} nfO{ yfxf x'Gg . / ljg la:tf/ } dlt/ kmls{b} – dnfO{ b] zsf] ;] jf ug{' 5 lg:jfy{ eP/ 8f= s] ;Ls} af6f] df lx8\g' 5 eGb} lyof] .

PSsf;L u'8'ª u'8'ª u/ ] em} + 3/ xlNng yfN5 . xfdL Ps csf{nfO{ 6\jfF k/ ] / x] 5f} {+ . x} g xfdLnfO{ w] / } nfu] sf] xf] ls ;fFRr} xlNn/ fÚsf] c8\sn ug{ ufx|f] eO/ fÚsf] a] nf c? dflg;sf] lrRofx6n] xfd|f] xf] ; v'N5 . xf] ;} p8\5 .

xtf/ –xtf/ xfdL 9f] sfsf] d'lg uP/ pleG5f} + . ev{/ } tfg] sf] g;f t stf xf] stf . ;Dembf lg lhl/ ª\u x'g] Tof] em6\sf olt hf] 8n] cfof] ls nfU5– lnË] lkªdf a;] / tnb] lv hf] 8–hf] 8n] xNnfPem} + . Tof] Ps÷b'O{ ldg] 6sf] ;do s'g} o'ueGbf sd nfu] g . cfˆgf] Hofgsf] dfof clg d[To'sf] 8/ Tolta] nf yfxf eof] .

Psl5gkl5 h] gt] g tn af6f] df cfof} + . / ljg Ps zAb af] n] sf] 5} g . cflQb} d} n] a'jfnfO{ sn u/ ] + t/ nfu] g . / ljg lg kmf] g nfpFb} lyof] , nfu] g . d hfg'k5{ of/ 3/ df clg xl:k6n klg . n of/ afO . pm uof] .

d eg] xfkm kfOG6 / rKkn clg :ofG8f] df ;fFem;Dd aflx/ } a;] + . a] n'sf ;a} hgf ;] km ePsf] ;'g] + / Tof] / ft TolQs} aflx/ glgbfP/ uof] .

ef] lnkN6 km] l/ To:t} ;dodf csf] { 7"nf] em6\sf cfP/ cl3Nnf] lbgsf] b'Mvdf g'gr's 5ls{lbof] . d] / f] 5taf6 b] lvg] w/ x/ f 9n] sf] va/ n] lgMzAb ePF . w/ x/ f xfd|f] b] zsf] kÞ|ltlaDa lyof] . ljleGg b/ af/ , d7dlGb/ Oltxf;, k/ Dk/ f / ;Eotfsf emns lyP . tx;gx; agfPsf] e"sDksf k/ fsDkg d'6'sf] w8\sg;Fu} w8\s] em} + nfUof] .

nf Û eQmk'/ df w] / } Iflt eof] / ] – 5] pmdf pe] sf bfOn] eGbf aNn ofb cfof] p;sf] . xQkQ / ljgnfO{ kmf] g u/ ] +, p7] g . kmf] gsf 306L aHbf lg ;ftf] hfGYof] .

Psl5gkl5 kmf] g p7\of] . …x] nf] / ljg Û x] nf] / ljg ÛÚ ptfaf6 cfjfh cfof] , …x} g / ljg, d p;sf] cfG6L .Ú …cfG6L / ljg vf] O{ < ;] km t 5 ÛÚ ;] km 5 t/ p;sf]

3/ elTsP/ a"9L / 5f] / L b'a} laTof] p;nfO{ gL cfdL{n] p2f/ u¥of] . xNsf rf] 6 nfu] / xl:k6ndf 5f} + afa' .Ú

d xtf/ –xtf/ xl:k6n k'u] + . ;of} + 3fOt] b] v] / dg emg cfltof] . ;a} nfO{ cfˆg} s} lrGtf t xf] . d / ljgsf] glhs k'u] + . cfG6Ln] w] / } rf] 6 t nfÚsf] 5} g t/ s] xL af] n] sf] 5} g eGg'ef] .

lxhf] ;Fu} a;] sf] ;fyLnfO{ b] Vbf d s] xL af] Ng ;lsgF . 5] pmdf uP/ Ps lunf; kfgL vfPF clg 8fS6/ nfO{ ;f] w] + s] ePsf] eg] / . 8fS6/ n] eg] , …pxfF afFRg' t eof] t/ a|] g x] d|] h efÚ5 . pxfFsf] s] xL g;fn] sfd u/ ] sf] 5} g ;f] cfO Sofg ;] %)÷%) .Ú

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km} lnPsf] df8L pkTosfdf jif{df tLg k6s v] tLkftL ug{ ;lsG5 . s[lifdf pj{/ If] q dflgg] o; If] qdf vfBfGg afnL, t/ sf/ L v] tL, t] nxg, bnxg afnL lgs} / fd|f] km;n nfUg] ub{5 . df8Lvf] n] df; ;jf{lws rrf{df 5 . wfg, tf] / L, ux"F, ds} , df;sf] bfn OToflb o; If] qsf s[lif pkh x'g\ . kmnkm"n v] tLdf klg df8L If] q lgs} cAan 5 . cfFk v] tLsf] k|an ;Defjgf 5 . kz'kfngsf nflu klg pTs[i6 If] q dflgG5 . / f] Nkfdf kg{] 3f] 8fufpF, v'+u|L / Ko"7fgsf ;f/ L, alh{afª, le+u|L, uf] 7Lafª, gofFufpF clg dflyNnf] v08sf :ju{åf/ L pbok'sf] 6 h:tf u|fdL0f Onfsfx? s[lifsf nflu pj{/ 5g\ . df8L If] qsf] s[lifsf] ;DefJotfnfO{ dWogh/ ul/ n'+u|L

df8L l;rfO cfof] hgf lgdf{0ffwLg r/ 0fdf 5 . tLg bzscl3b] lv kl/ of] hgf ;~rfng eP klg cem} k"/ f x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ;/ sf/ n] sl/ a !& s/ f] 8 ?k} ofF hlt nufgL ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . kl/ of] hgf k"/ f eP df8Lsf] tNnf] e] udf l;rfOsf] Joj:yf ldNg] :yfgLo cu'jf af;'b] j e08f/ Ln] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ cfufdL kmfNu'g;Dd cfof] hgfsf] kfgLn] df8L If] qdf l;rfO x'g] 5 .

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ko{6gdf j} ej df8L If] qdWoklZrds} pTs[i6 ko{6sLo uGtJo :ju{åf/ L

df8L If] qdf kb{5 . df8L If] qsf] ;a} eGbf cUnf] e"efu :ju{åf/ L ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 b'O{ xhf/ Ps ;o ld6/ prfOdf kb{5 . :ju{åf/ Lsf] k|j] zåf/ le+u|L df8L If] qsf] s] Gb| xf] . efn'afªb] lv ^) lsld

;8s b"/ Ldf kg{] le+u|Laf6 cfGtl/ s tyf afx\o ko{6s :ju{åf/ L k'Ug] ub{5g\ . jflif{s tLg nfv ko{6sn] cjnf] sg ug] { :ju{åf/ L;Fu} cfGtl/ s ko{6s;Fu} ef/ tLo / lrlgofF ko{6sn] df8L If] qsf] cjnf] sg;Fu} :ju{åf/ Lsf] bz{g tyf cjnf] sg ug{] ub{5g\ . le+u|Lb] lv :ju{åf/ L k'Ug xfn !# lsld sRrL ;8s ;~rfngdf 5 . ;8s ;'wf/ sf nflu tLg s/ f] 8sf] kl/ of] hgf ;~rfng x'Fb} 5 . oltdfq xf] Og bfªsf] 3f] / fxL x'Fb} / f] Nkfsf] xf] n] / Laf6 @% lsld ;8s b"/ L kf/ u/ ] :ju{åf/ L k'Ug ;lsG5 .

:ju{åf/ L cfwf/ If] q le+u|Ldf ko{6gd} qL xf] 6] n cfjf;sf] ljsf; x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ;of} + ko{6sn] hn's] le+u|Ldf / ft s6fpF5g\ . df8L gbLdf :gfg ul/ :ju{åf/ L dxfk|e'sf] bz{g ub{5g\ . df8L -df08jL_ gbLdf k|e'n] :gfg u/ ] sf] atfOG5 . :ju{åf/ Ldf / x] sf] u'kmf x'Fb} k|e' df8Ldf emg{] / g'xfP/ o1sf] cfof] hgf ug{] u/ ] sf] atfOG5 . ljZj zflGtsf nflu k|e'n] ;~rfng u/ ] sf] o1sf] clUg xfn;Dd aln/ x] sf] kl08tx? atfpF5g\ . df8Ldf 8'ª\uf laxf/ ug{] , df5f dfg{] h:tf pBd ;~rfng x'g ;S5g\ . o;} u/ L :ju{åf/ L uflj;sf] wgafªdf ufpF ko{6gsf] cEof; eO/ x] sf] 5 . 3/ af; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePkl5 kfx'gf ToxfF k'Ug] u/ ] sf 5g\ . k"0f{ ;/ ;kmfOdf cAan ag] sf] wgafªdf du/ ;+:s[lt, snf, :yfgLo s[lif pkhsf] kfx'gfn] :jfb rfVg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . du/ ;fd'bflos xf] d:6] ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 ;of} + kfx'gfn] u|fdL0f hghLjgsf] cWoog tyf cjnf] sg ug{] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

:ju{åf/ Lsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu s] a'nsf/ sf] kl/ of] hgf cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . ko{6g dGqfno cGtu{tsf] ko{6g ljsf; k"jf{wf/ cfof] hgfn] Ps ca{sf] nfutdf s] a'nsf/ ;~rfng ug{] atfPsf] 5 . lghL sDkgLdfkm{t\ kl/ of] hgf cufl8 a9fOg] 5 . ;f9] rf/ lsld nDafOsf] s] a'nsf/ le+u|Lsf] hn's] b] lv :ju{åf/ Lsf] ?dfn] ;Dd x'g] 5 . :ju{åf/ Lsf] wfld{s ko{6g ljsf; tyf df8L If] qsf] s[lif ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g tyf ljsf; ug{ ;/ sf/ n] df8L If] qdf kg{] rfNg] 6f/ df ljdfg:ynsf] sfo{of] hgf cufl8 NofPsf] 5 . sl/ a *) la3f If] qkmndf km} lnPsf] rfNg] 6f/ df wfjgdfu{ lgdf{0f ug{] k|f/ lDes ;j] {If0f e} ;s] sf] 5 . efn'afªb] lv $$ lsld ;8s b"/ L kf/ u/ ] df8L If] q k'Ug ;lsG5 . ;8s sfnf] kq] ePkl5 ;bfjxf/ oftfoftsf ;jf/ L ;fwg ;~rfngdf 5g\ . ljdfg:yn ag] xjfO;] jf;d] t ;~rfngdf cfPdf ko{6g cfudgdf j[l4 x'g] 5 / df8L If] q cfly{s?kdf ablng] 5 .

olt x'Fbfx'b} klg ;/ sf/ L l9nf;':tLn] df8L If] qsf] ljsf;df afwf xfn] sf] 5 . ;/ sf/ L l9nf;':tLn] ko{6g ljsf;sf] k|lqmof b|"t ultdf a9\g g;s] sf] :yfgLon] atfPsf 5g\ . ;/ sf/ L kxF'rsf] cefjdf df8L If] qsf] j} ejtfnfO{ ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf n} hfg g;lsPsf] df8Laf;Lsf] cg'ej 5 . df8L If] qn] / f] Nkfaf6 Pdfcf] jfbL s[i0faxfb'/ dx/ f, Ko"7fgaf6 jt{dfg pkk|wfg tyf

u[xdGqL afdb] j uf} td / / fli6«o of] hgf cfof] usf pkfWoIf 8f=uf] ljGb kf] v] |n ;/ sf/ sf] pRr txdf k'u] sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] lqmofzLntf b] lvP klg cem k|efjsf/ L x'g'kg{] df8Laf;Ln] ck] Iff u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;} 4flGts?kdf g] t[Tjn] k|ltj4tf u/ ] klg sfof{Gjogdf lkmtnf] b] lvPsf] n] df8Lsf] ljsf;sf nflu cln uDeL/ tf b] vfpg'kg{] pgLx?sf] dfu 5 .

df8L If] qsf] ;a} eGbf xf] rf] efu bfl/ drf} / gofFufpF xf] . hxfF lemd|'s hnljB't cfof] hgfsf] kfj/ xfp; / x] sf] 5 . xfn;Dd / fKtLs} 7"nf] kl/ of] hgf lemd|'s hnljB't cfof] hf xf] . bfl/ drf} / df / x] sf] cfof] hgfsf] ;d'b|L ;txaf6 % ;o $* ld6/ prfOdf kb{5 . df8L / n'+u|Lsf] bf] efgb] lv k"j{ / klZrd pQ/ / f] Nkfsf] 3f] 8fufpF, v'+u|L clg k"j{lt/ sf] Ko"7fg lhNnfdf kg{] le+u|L, uf] 7Lafª, ;f/ L, alh{afª, gofFufpF, pbok'/ sf] 6, :ju{åf/ L nufotsf a] zL / kxf8L If] q df8Lsf pj{/ If] q x'g\ . / f] Nkf / Ko"7fgdf kg{] oL If] q wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtJo :ju{åf/ L;Fu k|ToIf ;/ f] sf/ / fVb5g\ . olt dfq xf] Og :ju{åf/ L cfwf/ lzlj/ sf] ?kdf / x] sf oL u|fdL0f Onfsf u|fdL0f ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu cg's"n If] q dflgPsf 5g\ . df8L / n'+u|Lsf] bf] efgdf / x] sf] rt'e'{h a|Dxfn] tk:of u/ ] sf] wfld{s :yn xf] . o;} u/ L v'+u|Ldf / x] sf] lqk'/ ] Zj/ L eujtL dlGb/ ;ltb] jLsf] 9f8 ktg ePsf] n] o;sf] klg wfld{s dxTj 5 . t;y{ df8L If] q k|fs[lts, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / s[lif ko{6gn] j} ejk"0f{ ePsf] n] o;sf] k|a4{g / ljsf;df ;a} sf] ;/ f] sf/ / xg'kg{] ljsf; ;Dj4x?sf] ts{ 5 . 7f] ; / b"/ bzL{ of] hgf lgdf{0f u/ L df8L If] qnfO{ Kofs] hsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] pgLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

pmhf{df j} ej df8L If] q / f] Nkfsf] 3f] 8fufpF / v'+u|L clg Ko"7fgsf

cf7 uflj; df8L If] qleq kb{5g\ . df8L gbLsf] cf;kf;df kg{] oL If] q s[lif ko{6gn] dfq xf] Og pmhf{n] klg j} ejk"0f{ 5g\ . / f] Nkf d'xfg eP/ axg] df8L / n'+u|Lh:tf ljzfn hnfwf/ af6 ;'g kmNg] dfq xf] Og, of] If] q pmhf{sf nflu lgs} j} ej / ;d[4 5 . ;du| / fKtLsf] cFWof/ f] lrg{] ;] tf] 8n/ kmfF6sf] aLraf6 alu/ x] sf] 5 . To;nfO{ pHofnf] df abNg

hgtfsf] hnljB't sfo{qmddfkm{t\ cufl8 a9\b} 5 . ;/ sf/ n] cfˆgf] ah] 6dfkm{t\ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . v'+u|Lsf] xl/ ufpFdf 8\ofd aGg] 5 / ;f9] !@ d] 3fjf6 lah'nL pTkfbgkl5 df8L If] qsf] hLjgdf ?kfGt/ 0f Nofpg] ck] Iff ul/ Psf] 5 . hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;~rfng x'g] kl/ of] hgfdf b'O ca{ ^) s/ f] 8 nfut / xg] 5 .

hgtfsf] hnljB't kl/ of] hgfsf nflu g] t[Tj ul/ / x] sf Pdfcf] jfbL dxf;lrj s[i0faxfb'/ dx/ fn] / fKtLsf] csf{] 7"nf] xfO8«f] kfj/ sf] ?kdf / x] sf] df8L kl/ of] hgf ax'cfoflds x'g] atfP . ax'p2] Zosf ;fy sfo{ k|ult eO/ x] sf] eGb} pgn] cfufdL d+l;/ b] lv sfof{Gjogdf hfg] atfP . df8L gbLdf ;f9] !@ d] 3fjf6sf] ljB't pTkfbgsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9] sf] 5 . kl/ of] hgf lgdf{0fdf g] kfnL ;] gfsf] ;d] t nufgL / xg] 5 . kl/ of] hgfdf :yfgLo ;d'bfo, :yfgLo lgsfo, :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfsf] ;d] t z] o/ nufgL x'g] ePsf] 5 . kl/ of] hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf n} hfg gLltut k|lqmofsf sfdx? cufl8 al9/ x] sf] n] cfufdL

d+l;/ b] lv sfd z'? x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem] bf/ L -kL y|L_ df] 8] ndf hgtfsf] ckgTj x'g] ul/ kl/ of] hgf cufl8 a9fpg] / / fKtL If] qdf pHofnf] k'¥ofpg] nIo / x] sf] 5 . kl/ of] hgfdf ax';/ f] sf/ jfnfx?sf] nufgL ax'p2] Zosf ;fy cufl8 a9\g] ePsf] n] kl/ of] hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 ;du| ljsf;df ?kfGt/ 0f cfpg] dx/ fn] bfjL u/ ] .

df8L If] qsf] ljsf;sf nflu kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf ;/ sf/ L nufgL a9\g yfn] sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;do ;fk] If pkof] uL agfpg ;s] %) k|ltzt a9L ljb] lzPsf o'jfnfO{ / f] huf/ L lbg ;lsG5 . ljb] zL e"lddf alu/ x] sf] kl;gfsf] d"No cfˆg} 3/ cfFugdf lbg ;lsG5 . o'jfnfO{ s[lif / ko{6gdf cfsif{0f ug{ :yfgLob] lv / fli6«o txsf lhDd] jf/ x?n] kxn ug{] xf] eg] df8Lsf] j} ejtf cfd df8Laf;Lsf] hLjg ?kfGt/ 0fsf] ultnf] cfwf/ aGg] df b'Odt 5} g .

n] vs g] kfn ko{6g kqsf/ ;d"x -PG6f] h_sf cWoIf x'g'x'G5 .

afx| jifL{of nf]l;gf bfªdf lrlgPsL gjsnfsf/ x'g\ . g[To / clegodf pgsf] Ifdtf / k|ltef a]hf]8 5 . cfˆgf] ljlzi6 Ifdtfn] pgn] bfª hudufPsL l5g\ / snfsf] pGgogdf Ps OF6f yk]sL 5g\ .

snf If]q pgsf] ?lrsf] If]q xf] . tLg rf/ jif{sf] pd]/ b]lv g[To z'? u/ ]sL nf]l;gfn] lhNnfdf x'g] 7"nf ;fgf bh{gf}+ ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmdx?df k|:t'lt lbPsL l5g\ / bz{sdfem cfˆgf] alnof] k|efj 5f]8]sL 5g\ .

kl5Nnf] ;do pgL bfª dfq x}g / fli6«o:t/ d} cfˆgf] kl/ ro agfpFb} uPsL l5g\ . g[To;Fu} df]8lnª If]qdf k|j]z u/ ]sL nf]l;gf s]xL Do"lhs lel8of]x?df klg clego ul/ ;s]sL 5g\ . ev{/ } dfq wdfs]bf/ 8fG; af]nsf] tLh uLtsf] gofF Do"lhs lel8of] k|bz{gdf cfPsf] 5 . uLtsf] af]nh:t} o; Do"lhs lel8of]df nf]l;gfn] cfˆgf] g[To Pj+ clego Ifdtfsf] sdfn b]vfPsL 5g\ .

…of] Do"lhs lel8of] lgs} / fd|f] ag]sf] 5 . bz{sx?n] klg v'a dg k/ fpg'ePsf] 5 . d lgs} v'zL 5' .Ú df]8n nf]l;gfn] pT;fx afFl8g\ . o;cl3 pgn] b'Oj6f Do"lhs lel8of]df klg clego u/ ]sL 5g\ .

a'jf nf]s/ fh nfld5fg] / cfdf ;Ltf nfld5fg]sf] sf]vdf bfªsf] t'n;Lk'/ –^ / hf}/ fdf @)^! h]7 @* ut] hGd]sL nf]l;gf cfOl8on Oª\ln; af]l8{ª :s"n t'n;Lk'/ df sIff ^ df cWoog/ t l5g\ . snfsfl/ tfdf dfq xf]Og\, pgL k9fOdf klg plQs} cAan l5g\ . k9fO;Fu} snf If]qdf lqmofzLn x'g] nf]l;gfsf] ljrf/ 5 .

;g\ @)!$ df k]h y|L OG6/ 6]gd]G6n] lhNnfdf cfof]hgf u/ ]sf] lnl6n ld; bfªdf pgn] lnl6n ld; 6\ofn]G6sf] pkflw lht]sL lyOg\ . o; jif{ pT;u{ lkmNd;\ g]kfnn] cfof]hgf u/ ]sf] / fKtL c~rnsf] ;jf{lws 7"nf]

g[To k|ltof]lutfdf pgL s/ La b'O{ ;o hgf;Fu k|ltikwf{ u/ L clGtd r/ 0fdf k'u]sL lyOg\ .

snfnfO{ hLjgsf] cleGg c+u 7fGg] nf]l;gfsf] eljiodf gflosf aGg] ;kgf 5 . of] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ pgL clxn]b]lv ;+3if{df xf]ldPsL l5g\ . clego / g[Tosf] lg/ Gt/ cEof; ul/ / x]sL l5g\ . of] cEof;;Fu} pgn] ;kmntf / rrf{sf] l;+9L pSnb} uPsL l5g\ . elG5g\, …d]/ f] ;kgf gflosf aGg' xf] . d of] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfl/ 5f8\5' . dnfO{ tkfOFx?sf] ;xof]u / cflzjf{b rflxPsf] 5 .Ú

;fgf] pd]/ d} pgn] k|fKt u/ ]sf] ;kmntf / rrf{ w]/ }sf nflu nf]enfUbf] 5 . pgsf] clego / g[To k|ltef Oiof{nfUbf] 5 . g[To / clegodf pgsf] uhasf] no / efj 5 . ha d~r of kbf{df pgL k|:t't x'lG5g\, bz{sx? Ps lsl;dsf] k|efjn] dGqd'Uw x'G5g\ . …d Psbd} v'zL 5' . dnfO{ bz{sx?n] dg k/ fpg'ePsf] 5 . d]/ f] k|ltefk|lt pxfFx? klg v'zL x'g'x'G5 . d cem} d]xgt ug{ rfxG5' / cfˆgf] k|ltefn] d]/ f] ;dfhnfO{ lrgfpg rfxG5' .Ú df]8n nf]l;gfn] atfOg\ .

nf]l;gf k|ltefzfnL dfq xf]Og, plQs} efUozfnL klg l5g\ . pgnfO{ pgsf] 3/ kl/ jf/ sf] k"0f{ ;fy / ;xof]u 5 . cfdf ;Ltf klg snfsf/ ePsfn] pgnfO{ snf If]qdf nfUg] ljz]if k|]/ 0ff / cj;/ ldn]sf] xf] . …d]/ f] k|]/ 0ff cfdf x'g'x'G5Ú, df]8n nf]l;gf ylK5g\, …dnfO{ lg/ Gt/ ;fy / xf};nf lbg] cfdf g} x'g'x'G5 . cfdfsf] ;fy eP c? s] rflxof] / <Ú

z'?df s]xL pbfl;g / x] klg kl5Nnf] ;do a'jf nf]s/ fh klg 5f]/ Lsf] ;fydf x'g'x'G5 . nf]l;gf emg ubub l5g\ . a'jf klg ;fydf eP

;lSsuf] lg Û pgsf] xf};nf / pmhf{ bf]Aa/ ePsf] 5 . …5f]/ Lsf] ;kgf

xfd|f] ;kgf xf] .Ú a'jf nf]s/ fh eGg'x'G5, …5f]/ Lsf] OR5f / ;kgf k"/ f ug{ xfdL sl6a4 5f}+ .Ú

nf]l;gf k|ltefsf] dfq xf]Og ;fwgfsf] gfd xf] . pgL lg/ Gt/ ;fwgf ul5{g\ . snf If]qk|lt pgsf] nufj klg rfgr'g] 5}g . / , t pgL o;/ L kl/ is[t x'Fb} uPsL l5g\ . ;a}sf] lk|o snfsf/ ePsL l5g\ . o;/ L lg/ Gt/ snf ;fwgf ub}{ uPdf nf]l;gf Pslbg h?/ ;kmn gflosf ag]/ rDsg] l5g\, clxn] eg] pgnfO{ clu|d z'esfdgf / awfO{ Û

d] / f k} tfnf / fd|f kfph'sf] 5d5dn] d} / fd|L d] / } xh"/ sf] Kof/ n] , tLh / fd|f] / demdn] / fd|f] ebf} / ] em/ L kfgLsf] emdemdn] d} / fd|f] d] / L xh"/ sf] Kof/ n] , tLh / fd|f] / demdn]

o;/ L ;'?jft ePsf] tLh uLt of] aif{sf] sf] ;] nL xf] . lxhf] cfh / ] l8of] , l6eL / df] afOndf of] tLhsf] uLt ;'Gg kfOG5 . g] kfnL dlxnfx?sf] kj{ tLh cfpg cem} + s] xL ;do 5 . t/ ;fpg dlxgfb] lv g} tLhsf uLtx? ;~rf/ dfWodx?df aHg yfn] ;Fu} tLhsf] / demd ahf/ / ufpFdf lelqPsf] 5 . tLhsf uLtx?df kl5Nnf] ;dodf s] 6fx?sf] no / gfrn] klg yk / f} gstf

lbPsf] 5 . olta] nf ltg} bfªsf Ps x:tL ufos tyf gfos ;GbLk

Gof} kfg] nfO{ klg tLhsf] uLtdf :j/ / g[To b] vfP/ g] kfnLsf] dg a6'Nb} 5g\ . tLhsf] cj;/ df snfsf/ ;lxdf

>] i7sf] …tLh / fd|f] / demdn] Ú ahf/ df cfPsf] 5 . h'g uLt

clxn] rrf{sf] lzv/ df 5 . uLtdf :j/ lbPsf / cfkm} clego u/ ] sf ;GbLk Gof} kfg] eG5g\, …d} n] w] / } uLt ufPsf] 5' / g[To u/ ] sf] 5' t/ tLh / fd|f] / demdn] ;fx|} dg k/ ] sf] 5 . sltko uLtx? e4f / p5[ª\vn klg b] lvG5g t/ d rfxG5' uLt ;a} sf] dgdf a:g] / kfl/ jfl/ s lx;fan] kRg] vfnsf] x'g'k5{ .Ú

;+:s[lt arfpg] gfddf ljs[ltk|lt snfsf/ x? ;hs x'g'kg] { ;GbLksf] egfO{ 5 . kj{ / ;+uLt b] zsf lrgf/ L x'g\, To;nfO{ s;/ L / +uLg

agfpg] eGg] lhDd] jf/ L snfsf/ n] lng'kg] { pgsf] ts{ 5 . kfl/ jfl/ s uLt / x] sf] bfjL ug] { ;GbLk eG5g\, …5f8f ;+:s[ltnfO{ o;n] tf] 8\b} dfof / k|] dsf] ;Gb] z lbPsf] 5 .Ú cfˆgf] uLtdf ;lxdf elG5g\– tLhsf] b/ rfv] ;L To;} c3fOG5 gvfP lg, cfkm" t dfOt 5f] l8Gg guO{ h] egL kmsfP lg

clg ;GbLk o;f] eG5g\–hfp ltd|f] dfOt b/ vfg 3/ df vf] h] / sxfF kfpnL b/ slt ld7f] Ps} l5g dnfO{ gb] Vbf yf, kfpnL

o;/ L g} bf] xf] / L tLh efsfsf zAbdf / dfpFb} / fd|f] clego u/ ] sf ;lxdf / ;GbLkn] o;kflnsf] tLhnfO{ >f] tf / bz{sdfem NofPsf 5g\ . of] aif{sf] tLhdf ;GbLkn] kfFr j6f uLt ufPsf 5g\ . tL ;a} uLtdf cfkm} clego u/ ] sf ;GbLkn] cGo rf/ j6f uLtdf ;d] t clego u/ ] sf 5g\ .

lzjbz{g l8lh6nn] tLhsf] uLt ahf/ df NofPsf] xf] . uflosf ;lxdf >] i7 / ufos ;GbLk Gof} kfg] sf] :j/ / x] sf] uLtdf dx] z v8\sfsf] no ;fy} ldg' ;l~hjgLsf] zAb / x] sf] 5 . uLtsf] Do'lhs lel8of] df uflosf >] i7 / Gof} kfg] n] clego u/ ] sf 5g\ . tLh glhlsb} ubf{ snfsf/ x? klg tLhsf uLtx?

ahf/ df Nofpg] xtf/ f] df b] lvG5g\ . tLhsf] ljz] iftfnfO{ uLtdfkm{t\ k|:t't ul/ Psf] …tLh / fd|f] / demdn] Ú af] nsf] uLtsf] Do"lhs lel8of] nfO{ :d[lt ltldN;] gfn] lgMz'Ns lgb] {zg u/ ] sf x'g\ eg] / fd] Zj/ x'dfufO{n] 5fofÍg u/ ] sf x'g\ .

hLjg ;] Gr'/ Lsf] ;Dkfbg / x] sf] Do"lhs lel8of] df ;fx; zfSosf] P/ ] Gh / x] sf] 5 . / +uLg kf] zfsdf ;lhPsf dlxnfx?sf] eL8df ufos ;GbLkn] cfˆgf] g[To k|:t't u/ ] sf 5g\ . bh{gf} + uLtdf :j/ lbO;s] sL ;lxdfnfO{ lbn d] / f] rf] / L nUof] k'ln;jfnfn] af] nsf] uLtaf6 rrf{ sdfpg ;kmn ufos tyf df] 8n ;GbLksf] klg ;fy plQs} / x] sf] 5 . nf] s uLtsf] If] qdf bfªsf] klxrfg / uxgf ag] sf ;GbLk Pp6f pHHjn gIf] qsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, …eujfgsf] snf / unf;Fu} cfˆgf] d] xgt cfjZos 5 .Ú @)^@ b] lv ;f+uLlts If] qdf k|j] z u/ ] sf ;GbLkn] clxn] ;Dd b'O{ bh{g a9L uLt ufPsf 5g\ eg] &) a9L uLtdf ;kmn clego;d] t u/ ] sf 5g\ .

k|:t'lt M lgd';+ud 3tL{