water and noise pollution

8/7/2019 Water and Noise Pollution

1/35


2/35

When HarmfulSubstances Contaminatethe Environment it isCalled Pollution.

Pollution refers to thevery bad condition ofenvironment in terms ofquantity and quality .

DEFINITION OF POLLUTION


3/35

Definition of Water Pollution

The Contamination of water withundesirable substances which make it

unfit for usage is termed water Pollution.

Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological

change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on

any living being that drinks or uses or lives (in) it.


4/35

Water Pollution


5/35

organic and inorganic

industrial wastes and affluentdischarged into rivers.

Litter from land is carried by

wind or rivers to oceans andbeaches

Leakage of oil in sea water

Causes of Water PollutionThere are lots of causes ofwater pollution, the majorones are:

Sewage wastes and fertilizergoing into dams, streams,rivers and the ocean.


6/35

some pesticides (e.g., DDT, dieldrin)

some leached components from landfillsites (municipal, industrial)

petroleum and petroleum products

PCBs, dioxins, polyaromatichydrocarbons (PAHs)

radioactive materials such asstrontium-90, cesium-137, radium-226,and uranium

metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium

warm water from cooling towers (thermal pollution)

floating debris

garbage

foam


7/35

Sources of Water pollution


8/35

Water Pollution

The Worlds water pollution crisis is getting worse every

year. Water is the most important thing on earth, if

water pollution keeps up the way it is then it will get far

more worse then what it is right now.


9/35


10/35

Industries discharge a variety of pollutants

in their wastewater including heavy metals

, resin pellets, organic toxins, oils,

nutrients, and solids.

Industrial Water pollution


11/35

The facilities to treat waste water are not

adequate in any city in India.


12/35


13/35

Effects of Water Pollution

Aquatic life getsdestroyed

Diseases caused by the ingestionof water contaminated withpathogenic bacteria, viruses, orparasites include:

cholera

typhoid

schistosomiasis

dysentery and other diarrhealdiseases


14/35

With billions of people on earth it is very hard

for there not to be any water pollution. The

population is increasing every day sotherefore if we want to stop water pollution

we need to start now before its to late.

We need to stop releasing deadly toxins into the

water and we have to find other places to putour sewage into. We also need water treatment

plants to recycle all the water so there will be

less risk of disease, and there wouldnt be so

much sewage. Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water supplies, while 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation. This has led to widespread microbial contamination of

drinking water.

Water-associated infectious diseases claim up to 3.2 million lives each year,

approximately 6% of all deaths globally.


15/35

Remedial measures

Locate the point sources of pollution.

Work against acid rain.

Educate your community. Ensure sustainable sewage treatment.

Watch out for toxins.

Be careful what you throw away.

Use water efficiently. Prevent pollution .

Think globally, act locally.


16/35

How to Avoid Water Pollution

Rivers should not be used for washing clothes

or bathing animals in.

Harvesting of Rainwater to meet water

requirements.

Dams &embankments must be created.

The rivers must not be contaminated.

In sacred river like Ganga the dead bodies

shouldnt thrown.


17/35

The word noise comes from theLatin word

Nausea meaning seasickness

Or from a derivative of Latin

word noxia or noceo = I doharm referring originally

To nuisance noise

Noise pollution


18/35


19/35

Noise is, by definition, unwanted sound. It

may be annoying,

interfere with speech communication,

leisure, or relaxation,

at very high levels which may occur at work or

during certain noisy leisure activities, it may

result in hearing loss by causing damage to

the hair-cells in the cochlea in the inner ear.

Noise is more often a major problem in terms of

quality of human life in specific localities.


20/35

Road Traffic

NOISE IN THE COMMUNITY

Aircraft

Construction

Social Noise

Railways

A common form of noise pollution is from

Transportation, principally motor vehicles

SOURCES OF NOISE

Outdoor sourcesOutdoor sources

Traffic (road, rail and air)Traffic (road, rail and air)

GeneratorGenerator setssets

IndustriesIndustries

FireFire--crackerscrackers

LoudspeakersLoudspeakers andand PublicPublic AddressAddress SystemsSystems

Construction ActivitiesConstruction Activities

Vehicle hornsVehicle horns

Indoor sourcesIndoor sources Air coolersAir coolers

Air conditionersAir conditioners

Television, music systemsTelevision, music systems

Other office & home appliances etc.Other office & home appliances etc.

INDUSTRIES

Problem is faced mainlyin mixed zones or where other use

zones are very near to the

industrial zone. in addition, noise

is of concern within the industries

also.


21/35

TRAFFIC NOISE

Road Traffic : Major concern in our country.

Increasing vehicle population Planners lack of concern at the time of planning for residential areas and other

use zones vis--vis roads

Lack of driving discipline

Indiscriminate use of horns.

Air Traffic : Air traffic is increasing at the rate of about 25% in our countr y and is expected to

cause major concern of noise pollution in coming years.

Rail Traffic: Is of concern where trains passes by residential and other sensitive areas.

LOUDSPEAKERS / PUBLIC ADDRESSSYSTEMSUse of loud speakers / public address systems in functions, meetings, religious places in openareas is a source of serious nuisance.

FIRECRACKERSUse of firecrackers with high noise level may harm the human hearing system. specially sensitiveare small children.

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Noise from construction of roads, buildings etc. near residential and silence zones needs to becontrolled by effective starategies.


22/35

Understanding noise levels..

Noise is measured as a sound level , in

dB = 1/10 of a bel

Named after Alexander Graham Bell

Threshold of hearing is 0 dB

Sound of rocket launching is 180dB

Human ear tolerates up to 120dB


23/35

Noise Levels Sound intensities are measured

in decibels (dB). For example, the intensity atthe threshold of hearing is 0 dB, the intensity

of whispering is typically about 10 dB, and the

intensity of rustling leaves reaches almost 20

dB. Sound intensities are arranged on alogarithmic scale, which means that an

increase of 10 dB corresponds to an increase

in intensity by a factor of 10. Thus, rustlingleaves are about 10 times louder than

whispering.


24/35


25/35

WhyNoise is DangerousFor most people:

A life times continuous exposure to 70dB: No hearing impairment

More than 8 hrs/day in excess of 85dB: Potentially hazardous (likely to induce

permanent hearing loss after several years)

8 hrs/day ~ 90dB: Hearing temporarily impaired

Levels above 90dB: Frequent exposure is potentially hazardous

Prolonged exposure to high decibel levels can lead to:

Impairment of hearing

Nervous and sleep disorders

Work disruption

Increases blood pressure

Negative cardiovascular effects

Increases breathing rate

Indigestion & stomach ulcers


26/35

Hearing Loss

High Blood Pressure

Stress Sleep Disturbance

Colour Blindness

Effects of Noise Pollution

At very high levels which may occur at work or during certainnoisy leisure activities, it may result in hearing loss bycausing damage to the hair-cells in the cochlea in the innerear.

Rather than leading to significant adverse physiologicalresponses.


27/35

How to Avoid Noise Pollution

The Government should ensure the new

machines that Should be noise proof.

Air ports must be away from residential area. The Sound horn symbol is to be in School

Roads.


28/35

Pleasant Home

Bhagavan Baba says Silence is God.

We need to talk sweetly to others. Talk Less Work More.

Sound affects our ears so loud noise should be

avoided.

Prevention of Noise Pollution


29/35


30/35

LEGISLATIONSONNOISE CONTROL ININDIA

1.1. Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986

2.2. Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

3.3. Factories Act, 1948Factories Act, 1948

4.4. Motor Vehicles Act, 1988Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

5.5. Indian Penal CodeIndian Penal Code Sections 268, 290 & 291Sections 268, 290 & 291

6.6. Criminal Procedure CodeCriminal Procedure Code Section 133Section 133

7.7. Law of TortsLaw ofTorts

8.8. Local Acts/Rules regulating loud speakers etc.Local Acts/Rules regulating loud speakers etc.

RULES & LAWS


31/35

2 (c)2 (c) AuthorityAuthority -- includes District Magistrate, Police Commissioner, orincludes District Magistrate, Police Commissioner, orany other officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent ofany other officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent ofPolicePolice

33 Ambient Noise Standards, prescribed in schedule.Ambient Noise Standards, prescribed in schedule.

5.5. Public address systemPublic address system

I)I) Written permission required from authorityWritten permission required from authority

ii)ii) Not to be used between 10:00 pmNot to be used between 10:00 pm 6:00 am6:00 am

iii)iii) Use permitted between 10.00 pm to 12.00 midnight for 15Use permitted between 10.00 pm to 12.00 midnight for 15days during cultural or religious festivals in a calendar yeardays during cultural or religious festivals in a calendar year

7.7. Public complaintPublic complaint

I)I) If If noisenoise levellevel exceedsexceeds thethe ambientambient noisenoisestandardsstandards byby 1010 dB(A),dB(A), complaintcomplaint toto thethe authorityauthority

ii)ii) Authority to take actionAuthority to take action

8.8. Power to prohibitPower to prohibit by Prescribed authorityby Prescribed authority

NOISE POLLUTION (REGULATION & CONTROL) RULES, 2000(Notified under EPA, 1986)


32/35

AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981

Noise was included in the definition of air pollutant in the

Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act by an amendment

in 1987. Ambient noise standards have been notified underAir Act, in 1990.

This Act covers noise from industries/trade.

Implementing agency - SPCBsMOTOR VEHICLES ACT, 1988.

Sections 119 and 120 of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989, deals with reduction ofnoise from motor vehicle.

Section 119 states that every motor vehicles shall be

fitted with an electric horn or other device approved by BIS.

Section 120 requires that every motor vehicle shall be fitted

with a device (silencer) which reduces the noise that would otherwise made by escape ofexhaust gases from the engine.

It also specifies that every motor vehicle shall be so constructed and maintained as toconform to the noise standards for motor vehicles.


33/35

The Factories Act does not contain any specific provision for noisepollution control. However, in third Schedule under Sections 89 and90of the Act, noise induced hearing lossis mentioned as anotifiable disease.

Under Section 89 of the Act, any medical practitioner who detects

any notifiable disease, including noise induced hearing loss, in aworker, has to report the case to the ChiefInspector ofFactories,along with all other relevant information. Failure to do so is apunishable offence.

Noise limits for work zone area have been prescribed in Model Rulesframed under the Factories Act, 1948.

FACTORIES ACT, 1948


34/35

NOISE LIMITSFORFIRE-CRACKERSGSR 682(E), October 5, 1999.

THETHE MANUFACTURE,MANUFACTURE, SALESALE OROR USEUSE OFOF FIREFIRE--CRACKERSCRACKERS GENERATINGGENERATING NOISENOISE LEVELLEVEL

EXCEEDINGEXCEEDING 125125 dB(AI)dB(AI) OROR 145145 dB(C)dB(C)PKPK ATAT 44 METERSMETERS DISTANCEDISTANCE FROMFROM THETHE POINTPOINT

OFOF BURSTING,BURSTING, SHALLSHALL BEBE PROHIBITEDPROHIBITED..

FORFOR INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUAL FIREFIRE--CRACKERCRACKER CONSTITUTINGCONSTITUTING THETHE SERIESSERIES (JOINED(JOINED FIREFIRE--

CRACKERS)CRACKERS) THETHE ABOVEABOVE MENTIONEDMENTIONED LIMITLIMIT BEBE REDUCEDREDUCED BYBY 55 LOGLOG10 (N)(N) dB,dB, WHEREWHERENN == NUMBERNUMBER OFOF CRACKERSCRACKERS JOINEDJOINED TOGETHERTOGETHER..

TheseThese shallshall bebe applicableapplicable atat thethe manufacturingmanufacturing stagestage ..

PetroleumPetroleum andand ExplosiveExplosive SafetySafetyOrganizationOrganization (formerly(formerly DeptDept.. ofof Explosives)Explosives) isis thethe

implementingimplementing agencyagency..


35/35

LET US MAKE EARTH BETTER PLACE TO LIVE

water and noise pollution

Documents