vegetables and melon - iнститут овочiвництва i ...†ssn 0131-0062. vegetables and...

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL

SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLES AND MELON GROWING

VEGETABLES AND MELON

INTERDEPARTMENTAL THEMATIC

SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION

60

2014

UDC 635.635.61 (06)

The results have been scientific studies on the genetics and breeding of

vegetables and melons, technology of cultivation in the open and sheltered soil climatic zones of Ukraine; was paid attention to the issues the field of economics vegetable, plant protection, storage and processing of the yield.

For scientists, graduate students and specialists in agriculture.

ISSN 0131-0062 Editorial board: Kornienko S.I. (executive editor), Muravyov V.O. (deputy

executive editor), Terekhina L.A. (executive secretary), Vitanov O.D., Goncharenko V.Yu., Goptsiy T.I., Gorova T.K., Ivashchenko O.O., Ivchenko T.V, Kondratenko S.I., Kravchenko V.A., Kuts O.V., Mogylna O.M., Montvid P.Yu., Onishchenko O.I., Paramonova T.V., Puzik L.M., Rud V.P., Samovol O.P., Hareba V.V., Chernenko V.L., Shabetya O.M.

Issue has been approved for publication at a meeting of the Academic Council

of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS, protocol № 12 from 28.10.2014. Reviewer: Bobro M.A., Corresponding Member, Doctor of agricultural Science,

professor of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev For authenticity of information the authors of publications are responsible.

Address of the editorial board: 62478, Ukraine, Kharkiv rg., Kharkiv

district, village Selektsiyne, st. Institutska, 1, Institute of Vegetables and Melon growing of NAAS www.ovoch.com; E-mail: [email protected]; phone: (057) 748-91-91

Resolution of the Presidium of the HAC from 01.06.2010 № 1-05/5 collection "Vegetables and melon growing" has been included to the list of № 1 professional scientific publications in agricultural sciences.

Collection "Vegetables and melon growing" State register, series КВ № 3507 from 05.10.98.

© National Academy of Agricultural Science of Ukraine, Institute of Vegetables and Melon growing, 2014.

№

з/п

ЗМІСТ стор.

1 Кravchenkо V.А., Коrnienkо S.І. Qualitative research in

vegetable production – Еffective innovative products …… 7

2 Кravchenkо V.А., Gulyak N.V. Efficiency improvement

of breeding and vegetable-seed farming …..……………... 15

3 Bilenka O.M. Adaptive capacity of polykross hybrids of

shallot …………………………………………………….. 20

4 Vdovenko S.А. The development of mushroom

production in Ukraine ……………………………………. 26

5 Volkogon V.V., Dimova S.B., Gatsenko M.V.,

Lutsenko N.V., Kuts A.V. Demonstrated the efficacy of

microbial preparation Biogran and bio-organic fertilizer

Fosfogumin for growing cucumber in the Forest-steppe

zone ………………………………………………………. 37

6 Gart O.Yu., Kuraksa N.P., Kondratenko S.I. Biometric

and biochemical indices of fruit of breeding valuable

samples of sweet pepper under the conditions of sex and

mixed apomictically and sexual reproduction ……………. 44

7 Goncharenko V.U., Mykhailyn V.I., Kutz A.V.,

Paramonovа T.V. Effect of fertilizers on the occurrence

of major biological processes and productivity red

cabbage …………………………………………………… 52

8 Goncharenko V.E., Terekhina L.A., Mozgovsky A.F.

Impact of alternative fertilizer system of late cabbage on

the biometrics of plant …………………………………… 62

9 Gordienko І.М., Goncharenko V.Yu., Datsenko S.M.,

Bilenka О.М., Koltunov V.А. Quality of harvest onion

varieties lyubchik depending on the size of bulbs ……….. 68

10 Gorova T.K., Sayko O.Yu. Variability of morphological

characters of plants field bean in a phase of technical

maturity of green bob …………………………………….. 74

11 S.M. Gunko, O.O. Trinchuk Established influence of

storage conditions on biochemical indices of mushrooms

Agaricus bisporus and Oyster mushroom ………………... 81

12 Datsenkо S.М. Already researches of influence of 89

fertilizers on the yield and quality of table beet varieties

Vital ……………………………………………………….

13 Dukhin E.О. Effect of encrustation on seed germination .. 93

14 Dukhina N.G. Influence of soil mixes to survival rate of

plants that healed when growing seedlings potatoes ……... 98

15 Zavertalyuk O.V. Crop capacity formation of dissilient

corn grains depending on the time of sowing and methods

of weeds controlling ……………………………………… 104

16 O.A. Zadorozhna, T.P. Shyyanova, O.M. Shabetya,

S.M. Udovychenko State of the Solanaceae seed viability

during storage under controlled conditions ………………. 111

17 Kapustina L.I., Melnik R.G., Gubar M.I. New variety

of winter garlis …………………………………………… 120

18 Kolesnik I.I. The method of breeding of pumpkins on

earlyness ………………………………………………….. 124

19 Kolesnik І.I. Genetic resources of great fruitful pumpkin

in breeding for seed production …………………………... 128

20 Koltunov V.A., Boroday V.V., Danilkova T.V. Changes

in the phytopathogenic soil microflora at the application of

microbiological preparations in agrocoenosis of Solanum

tuberosum L. in Western Steppe Lviv region ……………. 137

21 Коnovalekо К.М., Оnychenkо О.І. Peculiarities of

interaction of microorganisms on biological activity of the

soil and quality of eggplant under film greenhouses …….. 147

22 Kuraksa N.P., Pylypenko L.V. Parameters of

adaptability of sweet pepper ……………………………… 155

23 Kuts О.V., Melnychuk N.V. Use of complex fertilizer in

the technology of tomatoes and eggplant ………………… 167

24 Lyuta Yu.О., Kobylina N.O. The evaluation of

perspective lines of tomatoes of selection at institute of

irrigated agriculture of NAAS …………………………… 175

25 Maryutin O.F., Shevchenko E.S. Phytopathological and

economic assessment of substrates for growing of

cucumber plants in greenhouses blocks ………………….. 184

26 Miroshnichenko Т.М., Іvchenko Т.V., Chernenko

V.L. In vitro assessment of tomato samples resistance to

Fusarium wilt …………………………………………….. 193

27 Nesin V.M., Pozniak O.V. New variety of cucumber

Nezhinskiy 23 …………………………………………….. 202

28 Novikovа А.V. Influence of sowing time and application

of fertilizers on productivity of onion by winter method of

growing …………………………………………………... 209

29 Оnishenko O.I., Sotyc N.V., Yaremenko S.S.

Susceptibility alternaria solani (ell. Et mart) neerg on

tomatoes in Kiev region ………………………………….. 214

30 Poznyak О.V., L.V. Chaban Enrichment domestically

produced of assortments of artemisia tarragon …………... 219

31 Puzik L.М., Bondarenko V.А. Application of

antimicrobial substances during cabbage broccoli storage.. 226

32 Sergienkо О.V., Solodovnyk L.D., Radchenkо L.О.

Perspective line of cucumber cornichons type for heterosis

breeding conditions of open field ………………………… 232

33 Sych Z.D., Kybrak S.M. Biochemical composition and

taste quality of melon fruit at cultivation in film

greenhouses on solar heating …………………………….. 238

34 Теrekhinа L.А., Іlinovа E.М. Research and

organizational principles of transfer innovation of

horticulture in agriculture ………………………………… 244

35 Hareba V.V., Melnik R.G., Mikchaylichenko V.А.

Processing methods and elements of accelerated growth

mushroom ………………………………………………… 248

36 Khareba V.V., Unuchko A.A. Biometric indicators of

okra seedling (Hibiscus esculentus L.) are depending on

age of plants ……………………………………………… 255

37 Cherkasova V.К., Shadetya О.М. Biochemical potential

varietal sample of vegetables family Celery ……………... 261

38 Chernetskyi V.M., Kostyuk O.A., Kostyuk R.V.,

Vlasyik O.O. Changes of biochemical parameters of

product quality varieties and hybrids of common bean

vegetable Faba Vulgaris Mill. forest conditions in Ukraine 268

39 Shabetya О.М., Zinchenko E.V. The composition and

value breeding of genetic fund of eggplant ………………. 274

40 Shevchuk K.M. Studding range of varieties of melon for 284

growing in conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine ……

41 Shcherbynа N.М., Yurlakovа О.М. Demand and supply

in the market of horticulture ……………………………… 294

42 Yarovyy G.I., Maryutin О.F. Epiphytotyological

significance of hydrothermical factor of air ……………… 299

ІSSN 0131-0062. Vegetables and melon growing. 2014. Vol. 60

UDC: 635.35:631.527

V.А. Кravchenkо, Doctor of Agrarian Sciences, Proffesor,

Academician of NAAS,

National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine

S.І. Коrnienkо, Doctor of Agrarian Sciences, director

Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION -

EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS

The analysis was performed regarding topics Research Institute of

Vegetables and Melons NAAS. Covered the approaches to the creation by

the results of the research are an innovative product that has been put into

production and received for its use profit. Was presented a set of

recommendations of improve efficiency of innovative products.

Keywords: vegetable production, research and innovation,

recommendations, implementation and realization of profit.

Introduction. In 2010 the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of

Ukraine developed the basic principles of economic and institutional

reform in agriculture of Ukraine [1]. The process of reform should be

scientific support [2]. Ensure integration of agricultural science in

innovative and high-tech market investment environment AIC is planned

through the priority areas of research, a combination of science and

industry [3]. To have a successful outcome, it is necessary to plan

appropriate studies, implement evidence-based analysis of the results, draw

effective conclusions, recommendations, forming them into innovative

products.

Innovations in the field of entrepreneurship – food science,

technology and other creative activities that have the characteristics, skills

and opportunities to commercialize in order to obtain business income [2,

3]. In the creation of innovative development of the important role played

by scientific research institutions, creating new approaches offer new

knowledge [4, 5].

© Кravchenko V.А., Коornienkо S.І., 2014.

Intelligent product must be competitive, determined, novelty, degree

of legal protection requirements of the market price, expected competition

[6, 7]. The commercialization of the results of scientific activity has several

stages: idea evaluation, verification of its novelty, identifying promising

use, business planning, pilot production, protection of intellectual property

rights and access to the market [2].

The aim of research. Based on the above general theoretical

approaches, guided by scientific-production necessity implementation of

research into production, the aim of our study was to analyze the scientific

projects of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS, examine the

results of its implementation and, on this basis, the establishment of

opportunities to create innovative product.

Methods of research. Performance goals carried out by means of

logical analysis of data research Institute of Vegetables and Melons of

NAAS for the period at 2011-2013 years made with conclusions and

recommendations. Results of the analysis included the study subjects, the

effectiveness of its implementation, promising recommendations successful

implementation.

The method of researches. In agriculture, innovative product is

determined by use of intellectual resources, innovative solutions,

technologies, varieties and hybrids of plants, plant protection, weed control,

theoretical and methodological approaches in the creation of new genotypes

and others. Our studies were divided into several stages.

The first stage is analysis of the names of scientific subjects, that is,

practical approaches to hypotheses for future research, the formation of

subjects of research. Global science has formed a unified approach: the

formation of consumer demands, modern science, approaches and

definitions necessary research topics that are offered for tenders in the form

of grants. During research grants allocated adequate funding and a contest

among academic institutions, individual researchers.

Department of crop of NAAS believes it is essential that grants have

formed the following institutions of NAAS, MAPPU, MES and others.

Ukraine has adopted the practice of research subjects directly and

scientific institutions which provided for a competitive estimate. The

NAAS formed the basis of research "bottom up" – the researcher consumer

investor.

Analysis showed that subjects in the research of Institute of

Vegetables and Melons of NAAS are present names, methods and

approaches. However, the practical implementations are some topics far

from the requirements of the names (and therefore the direction of research)

because of the following reasons: weak material and technical basis for

performance issues, lack of qualifications performers, not possession by

European research methods, accelerated their implementation, staffing and

financial limitations.

The second stages are reporting studies. In most cases, the content of

the summary records do not provide a clear answer to the scientific names

of topics. There is often no findings or conclusions, or recommendations do

not provide a complete answer on studies that asked. In our view, even in a

brief report must cover the essence of each word research topic. For

example, in the subject laid "methods for creating breeding material."

Obviously, the report should be highlighted methods for creating lines and

not be submitting characteristic features of the material that has been

created.

If we set the goal – to explore the protective mechanisms of

resistance, we need to explore them deeply and concretely described,

instead of juggling terminology. The following aims to "explore the

mechanisms of action of fertilizers." The report says a lot about that, and

explains the mechanism of action of fertilizers available. Scientists aim is

"on the basis of genetic and environmental selection...". First, have a

question. Is there such a method? Secondly, the report single word about

genetic and environmental selection. And such examples could lead to a

number of reports. The same applies to research topics, "genetic-

statistical..." "adaptive genetic" and others. That is, used in the names of the

terms, areas that can’t investigate – no technique, but in terms of (name)

subjects are planned.

If you set the task to "create a grade for industrial processing" (such

as type of sort of cucumber Nizhynskyy), the executor will have to

investigate and to characterize at least the signs are suitable for processing,

and then – and the methods of breeding them. In this case it will be good

research and relevant results. If the artist creates varieties, hybrids for

mechanical harvesting, both in research and in the text of the report should

be selection for indicators that require mechanized harvesting.

The following. In conducting the research necessary to organize

processes so that the level of crop yield was high. For example. Yields of

late cabbage in experiments 50-57 t/ha while in production it may be 80-

100 t/ha. Same should be noted in onions, tomatoes, cucumbers and

potatoes. Besides the advantage over the standard is 5-8 %. This is actually

at the level of error. What sense do research if their worse than the existing

level of production.

The analysis notes: on allocated sufficient funds and that the

perpetrators only 2-3 and they do not have a degree. As a result, it is

unclear scientific report. What innovations and you can create? Is it

practical to have been organized by a sufficient number of creative team,

and combining money and manpower, and successfully complete the

subject, the results of which would be interested producers, leading to a

profit.

Of great importance is the direction and efficiency of the scientist.

Obviously, breeders waiting for new methods of speeding up the selection

process, and biotechnologist for scarce resources spent time creating new

no significant varieties and increase their seed productivity without

biotechnological methods. Therefore there is no innovative product as a

result of such research.

Necessary to organize creative teams, in which each of those who

work, would, would know, he could be a plot to carry out research, shaped

like the results to the overall theme. There is a rational approach to one

scholar – two or laboratory equipment. In modern measurements it can be

done only in the formation of complex programs.

For example, creating a research program on "tomato varieties for

mechanical harvesting" we started with the formation of groups in the

fields of research: a group of scientists, breeders, group assessing the

quality of fruits, plant pathologist group, a group of agricultural

technologies. Each of the groups studied his directions to the same breeding

material. This arrangement allowed the research to create the first

Ukrainian varieties for mechanical harvesting, Boyan, Amico, Myt (Altey),

Izhachok, Malyatko and others.

The analysis proved that the number of scientific topics of innovation

is not attractive either for science or for production. Funds are allocated as

a result there is no innovation, as the return costs and state interests.

Next – the subject of the task: to create a selection intsuht line on

stage one year (for example, 2014 year). But intsuht line is impossible to

create a single year passed. In addition, the line should manifest itself in

hybrids. Only research goal is achieved. The very same transmission lines

in genetics bank are not innovative product. It becomes such if the line

bought.

Often scheduled as follows: "Optimization scheme selection process,

marking signs, fixing sterility", etc. As a result of the research is not given

in accordance with scheduled tasks. How to be innovative with the result

then? Where to find the truth and money?

Next, the research aims to: establish mechanisms for the inheritance

of agronomic traits have long been studied by scientists and described in

the general part of genetics.

A number of technological researches conducted notwithstanding the

manifestation of diseases and pests. Sometimes there is no information

about the presence of weeds. Often not studied loss to maintain or results of

safety is not driven.

In the text there are reports of inaccurate scientific definition. For

example, "introduction to the crossings genes keeping quality of tomato

fruits" called "transgression", while as typical "recombinants".

We study correlations in F2 hybrid populations expenses made, and

efficacy is lacking, as in F3 such correlations disappear and not for practice

or for the following search theory adds nothing, that there is no scientific

result, which can be transformed into an innovative product. Example,

described a new variety of cucumber Nizhynskyy 23, and recommendations

for seed production driven by a sort of Nizhynskyy local. Where is the

logic of scientific tasks and the answer to the search for truth? How could

thus create a complete innovative product?

When writing scientific reports, especially complete, it is necessary

to answer the tasks assigned topics cover the mechanisms of action of

fertilizers and growth substances, pesticides. Be sure to hold the results of

assessments of quality indicators in conservation, recycling.

Methods of selection, reproduction, technological elements to

explore, describe, discuss, specifically, clearly, high-quality, research in

areas of fitness to practice, that is creating innovative product. Browse

funding and performers not mince labor and financial resources. Seek a

high yield, premiums on standards not lower than 10 %. Do not forget that

the soil is too active "participants" performance studies.

Do not write scientific reports in haste, confusing numbers, results,

logic of scientific thinking. For example, in the conclusions of the report

describe the sort of exotic watermelon sunshine, and while the report is no

information about this sort of watermelon.

This is why a great responsibility to be assigned to the reviewer – in

his scholarship, integrity, ability to see the problem. Reviews, reviews

should not be formal – and the deep and modern. Need to develop

recommendations sights reviewers. Discuss them in the councils of the

areas of teaching and adopt. Enter the rule evaluation review its

effectiveness and direction of a true improvement of the scientific merits of

the report.

Conclusions scientific report should include and display scientific

and practical value of the research, hold recommendation capabilities and

approaches to creating innovative product.

In terms of creating innovative products play a key role should the

marketing department and innovation. It should be effective approaches in

its work, such as product innovation institute – "elite allowances produced

seed." However, there is already a mechanism in the country. Then why be

integrated calculation methodology elite bonuses? There must be other

approaches. This innovative product is not effective; it is not possible to

sell it because it does not existу user.

Formula innovative product should be clear, specific, practical

profitable to attract consumers. For example, "technology to create hybrid

onion", "technology for sterility restorer", "system use markers in breeding

for resistance to pathogens," etc.

Innovation unit should identify innovative product in research, offer

it to market and sell. Without the conclusion innovative unit topic of

research should not be approved. Need to assess the advantages and

disadvantages, the cost of the product, product volume, profitability, risk

and etc.

Only with such approaches should be carried increased, compared

with the other subjects, funding. For example, the transfer of innovations

highlighted at 2 mln. usd, and in a number of areas of selection – only 300-

400 thousand usd. Thus, to achieve an efficient selection of innovative

product that is in demand.

Innovation division shall require artists to submit a final report in the

form of innovation. For example, the creation of new varieties, hybrids

should end as follows:

- model variety, hybrid;

- methods for creating models;

- technology of seed multiplication;

- the results of practical implementation;

- recommendations for implementation through entry into the

market;

- technology for high yields (given) level of a particular culture.

Conclusions. The topic subject research should be clear, clear and

suitable for execution. They should reflect the specific requirements of the

current level of science and industry. Studies are planned so that their

results could translate into innovative product. The task of research is

simple – to meet the unsolved problems of science or customer

requirements (manufacturer) products. Only such an approach can justify

(recovering) incurred in the study costs.

Bibliography.

1. Suchasnyy stan reformyvannya agrarno-promyslovogo

kompleksu Ukrainy / М. D. Bezuglyy, М. V. Prysyazhnyuk. – К. : Agrarna

nauka. – 2012. – 47 s.

2. Suchasni zavdannya agrarnoi nauky v rozvytku genetyky,

selektsii ta nasinnytstva. – К. : NААN. – 2009. – 93 s.

3. Innovatsiyne zabezpechennya rozvytku silskogo gospodarstva

Ukrainy: problem I perspektyvy / Lupenkо Yu. О., Маlik М. Y.,

Shpykulyak О. G. . – К. : NNTS «ІАЕ». – 2014. – 514 s.

4. Selektsiya ovochevykh roslyn: teoriya I praktyka /

Кravchenkо V. А., Sych Z. D., Кornienkо S. І. – К. : NUBIP, 2013. –

362 s. – К. : NUBIP. – 2013. – 362 s.

5. Zhuchenko А. А. Ekologicheskaya genetika kulturnykh rasteniy

(adaptatsiya, rekombinogenez, agrobiotsenoz) / А. А. Zhuchenkо. –

Kishinev : Shtiintsа, 1980. – 588 s.

6. Меtodicheskiе rekomendatsii po statisticheskoy otsenke

selektsionnogo materiala ovochnykh I bakhchevykh kultur [Pod rad.

P. М. Litunа]. – Kh., 1993. – 73 s.

7. SWOТ-analiz. – Vikipediya // ru.Wikipedia.org… Data dostupu

do informatsii 19.09.2010.

В.А. Кравченко, С.И. Корниенко

Качественные исследования в овощеводстве – эффективный

инновационный продукт.

Резюме. Проведен анализ выполнения тематики исследований

ИОБ НААН. Освещены подходы к созданию, за результатами

исследований, инновационного продукта для внедрения в

производство и получения за счет его использования прибыли.

Подано ряд рекомендаций повышения эффективности

инновационного продукта.

В.А. Кравченко, С.І. Корнієнко

Якісні дослідження в овочівництві – ефективний інноваційний

продукт.

Резюме. Проведено аналіз виконання тематики досліджень

Інституту овочівництва і баштанництва НААН. Висвітлено підходи до

створення за підсумками досліджень інноваційного продукту який

впроваджено у виробництво і отримано за використання його

прибуток. Подано ряд рекомендацій з підвищення ефективності

інноваційної продукції.

ІSSN 0131-0062. Vegetables and melon growing. 2014. Vol. 60

UDC: 631.147: 635.646:631.527

V.А. Кravchenkо, Doctor of Agrarian Sciences, Proffesor,

Academician of NAAS,

N.V. Gulyak, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences


EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF BREEDING AND

VEGETABLE-SEED FARMING

The analysis of the state of vegetable plants production in Ukraine is

given. Weaknesses in breeding of vegetable plants and ways how to

improve the breeding process are shown. The problems with vegetables

plants breeding are reflected, the approaches to their solution are

analyzed. The recommendations how to improve breeding and vegetable-

seed farming are summarized.

Keywords: variety, hybrid, population, seed, selection, evaluation,

analysis, hybridization.

Introduction. The current stage of development of vegetable

breeding and seed production in Ukraine is characterized by the expansion

of foreign varieties and hybrids. In the State Register of plant varieties that

are suitable for distribution in Ukraine from 2014 on all crops is 33 %

breeding research institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian

Sciences of Ukraine [1]. Near the same time, it should be noted that for

acreage in Ukraine row crops occupy the leading place: winter wheat –

86.3 %, winter rye – 93.45 %, triticale – 95.5 %, soybeans – 71.0 %, rice –

90 %, millet – 100 %. However, a number of plants Ukrainian selections

lags far behind foreign and covers: rape – 27 %, corn – 30 %, sunflower –

28 %, sugar beet – 19 % [2].

Therefore the aim of our study was to analyze the current stage of

breeding and seed production of vegetables, show ways to improve.

The method of researches. For the analysis we used statistics from

the State Register of Plant Varieties available for distribution in Ukraine,

the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, the State Agricultural

© Кravchenkо V.А., Gulyak N.V., 2014.

Inspection of Ukraine, production reporting of NAAS. Research

carried out by means of logical analysis of data for 2012-2014 years.

In 2013 gross yield of vegetables was 9.9 million tons, with an

average yield of 200 kg/ha. In the State Register of plant varieties that are

suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2014 are 25 % of varieties and

hybrids of vegetables breeding research institutions of NAAS. According to

various sources, they make up 43.2 % of acreage under vegetables [3].

Much of the acreage is in the vegetable garden plots population –

96 % who always use more well-known varieties of Ukrainian selection.

Large areas of gardens form one of the first problems – inability to timely

varietal replacement and grade updates. The population in many cases uses

its own produced seeds that with every reproduction lose its varietal

genetically formed as a breeder. New varieties and hybrids fail to reach the

population or no information about them and are therefore not used by the

population.

Another problem is the narrow range created new varieties of

vegetables. For example, now the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of

NAAS together with a network of experimental stations is the selection of

the 49 vegetables and still were in breeding – 69. In some cultures selection

is not at all – a kind of onion, cabbage, greens, of rare, perennial. Another

important problem that is not solved is the selection of vegetables for

heterosis. There are a limited number of crops that are covered by heterosis

breeding. Hybrids are a small part of the few crops and heterosis often their

quality is not the best, and behind the world level [4].

In the production area there are no domestic breeding hybrids of

tomato, sweet pepper, onion, beet, carrot, cabbage and so on. Quite a few

established heterotic hybrids and conditions protected ground.

There was no established issue to further the creation of an effective

source material for heterosis breeding, genetics, sterility, use of marker

genes, resistance to diseases, self-incompatibility.

Scientists of NAAS are already scheduled, only the first stage using

biotechnology to improve plant breeding and seed production, especially

the use of molecular markers, cell selection, haploid, rapid reproduction,

creation of transgenic plants. Of course, the development of breeding and

seed affect the availability of seed plants, machines and lines for the

selection and handling of seeds, accredited laboratories to determine seed

quality. In this regard, the necessary knowledge of European requirements,

the use of European techniques and modern instruments to assess seed

quality. An equally important issue is the status of logistics and seed

selection processes.

It is also important acceleration of breeding and introduction of new

varieties and hybrids in production. In this particular role played by

marketing services, advertising, pricing, import and export policy. In the

first place should get the availability of professional staff, providing them

with the necessary equipment, premises and setting those social conditions.

Based on the above-mentioned approaches to improve the efficiency

of the selection process will be as follows:

- creation signifies our strong source material with a set of required

features and high combinational ability of basic vegetables;

- the use of wild and semi cultural forms as donor quality, resistance

to diseases, pests and stress, sterility;

- creating effective signifies our strong hybrid populations for

selection of breeding lines;

- the use of rapid methods to assess the quality attributes of plants

that are selected;

- conducting selections for resistance using artificial background

defeat pure culture of the pathogen;

- the use of different types of sterility in the creation of hybrids;

- use of modern DNA-technology to create, estimates of the hybrid

material and selection of hybrid populations;

- selection at the cell level, genome, gene;

- high quality wide environmental testing of new varieties and

hybrids;

- the use of different methods for mating pairs of selections,

combining ability estimates and created hybrids.

With the problems of seed closely related to the following items:

- the lack of a single, directed the successful seed production, seed

systems of production;

- not formed a unified system of orders, quantities of seed for

population and how its effective implementation;

- a long way new varieties and hybrids of the breeder-seed producer

to the consumer;

- poor quality of seeds produced, its handling, application of modern

methods of improvement;

- lack of agricultural machinery and equipment for the production of

high quality seeds;

- complex circuits guest varietal and sowing qualities of seeds;

- insufficient number of accredited laboratories and their poor

equipment of modern instruments to assess quality according to European

standards;

- low professional seed producers and those who assess its quality;

- lack of modern facilities for storage of mother biennial plants and

storing seeds;

Therefore, to adequately compete with foreign selection of

vegetables and should be sent to breeding and seed of Ukraine to a new

level: improve the scientific level professionals to create a modern physical

infrastructure, quality system assessments. Fully satisfy the requirements of

the manufacturer of high-quality varieties, hybrids, seeds. This requires

joint action by the State investors, artists, producers.

If we do not consciously will enjoy 20 t/ha of vegetable production,

and 50-70 t/ha, then our vegetables problems will be solved the better.

Conclusions.

1. The selection process should be improved constantly in the

process of creating new genotypes that meet production requirements.

2. The success of the selection process provides the scientific,

logistical, social potential, scholar, and producer.

3. The basis for effective occurrence of a variety, a hybrid of modern

production is high quality seed production and delivery of seed producers.

Bibliography.

1. Selektsiya ovochevykh roslyn: teoriya I praktyka /

Кravchenkо V. А., Sych Z. D., Кornienkо S. І. – К. : NUBIP, 2013. – 362 s.

2. Stan ta perspektyvy vyrobnytstva ovochevoi ta bashtannoi

produktsii v Ukraini / Demidov О. А., Іvashchenkо О. О., Khareba V. V. –

К. : 2012. – 67 S.

3. Derzhavnyy Reestr sortiv roslyn, prydatnykh dlya poshyrennya v

Ukraini u 2014 rotsi. – К. : 2014. – 497 s.

4. Netraditsyonnye metody selektsii ovochnykh I bakhchevykh vidov

rasteniy / Samovol А. P., Montvid P. Yu., Kornienko S. I. – К. : Agrarna

nauka, 2014. – 94 s.

В.А. Кравченко, Н.В. Гуляк

Повышение эффективности селекции и семеноводства овощных

растений.

Резюме. Дан анализ состояния производства овощных растений

в Украине. Показаны слабые стороны в селекции овощных растений и

пути повышения эффективности селекционного процесса. Отражены

проблемы семеноводства овощных растений, проанализированы

подходы к их решению. Обобщены рекомендации к улучшению

селекции и семеноводства овощных растений.

В.А. Кравченко, Н.В. Гуляк

Підвищення ефективності селекції і насінництва овочевих

рослин.

Резюме. Дано аналіз стану виробництва овочевих рослин в

Україні. Показано слабкі сторони в селекції овочевих рослин та шляхи

підвищення ефективності селекційного процесу. Висвітлено проблеми

насінництва овочевих рослин, проаналізовано підходи до їх

вирішення. Узагальнено рекомендації до поліпшення селекції і

насінництва овочевих рослин.

ISSN 0131-0062. Vegetable and melon growing. 2014. Vol. 60

UDC: 635.263:631.527

O.M. Bilenka, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences


ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF POLYKROSS HYBRIDS OF SHALLOT

Already deals with the results of studies on the adaptive capacity of

hybrid clones of polykross shallot. Has allocated eight clones of hybrids,

which are characterized by high levels of adaptability and yield of bulbs

are promising for use in breeding programs.

Keywords: shallot, adaptability, stability, flexibility, breeding value

of genotype yield.

Introduction. One of the main criteria of the production value of new

varieties is their high adaptive potential. Create varieties with a high level

of adaptation to the environment an important direction of selection on

performance [1].

Assessment of response to changing varieties of environmental

conditions can provide valuable varieties that provide high stable level of

productivity and quality. Adaptability varieties is including their adaptive

capacity, stability, flexibility and breeding value of genotypes [2].

When creating environmentally resistant varieties pay special

attention to the selection of source material. His assessment is carried out

under different conditions of cultivation. The obtained data allow us to

determine the statistical parameters of qualitative features of the source

material, their variability influenced by environmental factors, and the

contribution and the impact on potential performance and environmental

sustainability [3-5]. Only as a result of such studies can be obtained

relatively complete characterization of varieties of adaptation to different

growing conditions, to provide high homeostatic source material more

purposefully pick up a pair for mating.

The aim of research – identifying the source material shallot that

would have a high level of environmental sustainability for the yield of

© Bilenkа О.М., 2014.

bulbs for use in practical breeding.

The method of researches. The study was conducted in 2010-2012

years at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS, which is located

in the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine in the central area of the medium

moist of Kharkov region.

Soil research areas represented by black soil medium was powerful

and strong alkali in texture – medium loam. Reaction (pH) of soil is 6.2.

The climate is temperate continental. The precursor was barley.

Term drop-off – first decade of April, the collection of bulbs was carried

out in the third week of July. Method of planting is wide row spacing of 70

cm between plants in a row – 8-10 cm. Land area – 7 m2. Standard variety

is Lira.

Selection work carried out under the «Methodical guidelines for the

selection of onion crops» [6]. Experimental data were treated by analysis of

variance for B. A. Dospehov [7]. Adaptability, stability, flexibility, and

breeding value of genotype were determined by the methodical guidelines

for the environmental testing of vegetable crops [8].

The results of researches. The object of the research were 33 clones

polykross shallot hybrids have been produced in 2006 by crossing varieties

and forms of shallot. Yield of bulbs in the nursery clones of hybrids ranged

from 4.17 t/ha to 9.0 t/ha (Table 1). Of the study group exceeded the

standard forms more than 25 % 21 clones. Genotypic variability in yield of

bulbs clones was high and amounted to 50.63 %.

The high yield of bulbs and overall adaptive capacity combined

clones D-93 (c-105), D-83 (c-95), D-92 (c-104), D-53 (c-64), D-36 (c-48),

D-57 (c-68), D-62 (c-73) and H-50 (c-61). Varian’s of overall adaptive

capacity (OAC) they made 0.95-2.55 (in standard OAC = -1.82). For

selected samples was characterized and highly specific adaptive capacity

(SAC).

Relative stability characteristics (Sgi) (similar to the coefficient of

variation) in the study sample were very low and ranged from 19.11 % in

D-89 (c-101) to 98.86 % in the R-54 (c-68) (in the standard – 75.62 %).

Among the selected sample had the highest yield stability clone D-57 (c-

68) (Sgi = 52,77 %).

Regression coefficient bi, which reflects the level of plasticity in

selected samples was 1.03-1.69, indicating a high sensitivity to improve

their growing conditions. By improving growing conditions significantly

increased the yield of bulbs clone D-83 (c-95), the regression coefficient on

the environment in which the sample was the highest and amounted to 1.69,

which is confirmed by the highest rate SAC – 48.97. The optimal level of

plasticity (ecological plasticity) of clones selected samples had D-50 (c-61)

and H-57 (c-68) and (bi = 1,03 and 1,05).

For breeding value of genotype (BVG) isolated eight clones

exceeded grading Lira, BVG of them was 3.06 (D-92) – 5.00 (D-57), the

standard the figure was 1.99.

Thus, the results of a comprehensive evaluation of hybrid clones

shallots to the parameters of adaptability and plasticity have shown that

samples D-93 (c-105), D-83 (c-95), D-92 (c-104), D-53 (c-64), D-36 (c-

48), D-57 (c-68), D-62 (c-73) and D-50 (c-61) is the most valuable for

breeding for yield of bulbs, they include the forms of intensive type (bi> 1),

with high sensitivity to improved growing conditions and significantly

increase productivity under favorable conditions.

Conclusions. As a result, the research found that polykross hybrids

of shallots differ in terms of environmental sustainability, which opens

opportunities for optimizing the selection process and the establishment of

the basis of grades with high adaptive potential.

Highlight eight clones of polykross hybrids of shallot – D-93 (c-

105), D-83 (c-95), D-92 (c-104), D-53 (c-64), D-36 (c-48), D-57 (c-68), D-

62 (c-73) and D-50 (c-61), which are characterized by high levels of

adaptability and yield of bulbs are promising for use in breeding programs.

Bibliography.

1. Pivovarov V. F. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya tomatov /

V. F. Pivovarov, М. Kh. Aramov. – М., 1996. – 231 s.

2. Zhuchenkо А. А. Adaptivnyy potentsial kulturnykh rasteniy /

А. А. Zhuchenkо – Кishinev : Shtiintsа, 1988. – 765 s.

3. Sozinov А. А. Povyshenie metodicheskogo urovnya I effektivnosti

selektsionnoy raboty / А. А. Sozinov // Vestnik s.-kh. nauki. – 1981. – № 9.

– S. 7-15.

4. Nettevich E. D. Povyshenie effektivnosti otbora yarovoy pshenitsy

na stabilnost urozhaynosti I kachestvo zerna / Nettevich E. D.,

Morgunov А. I., Maksimenkо М. I. // Vestnik s.-kh. nauki. – 1985. – № 1.

– S. 4-13.

5. Pivovarov V. F. Problemy ekologicheskoy selektsii ovochnykh

rasteniy / Pivovarov V. F., Dobrutskaya Е. G., Turdikulov B. G. //

Intensivnoe plodoovochevodstvo. – Gorki, 1990. – S. 57-62.

6. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po selektsii lukovykh kultur. – М. :

VNIISSOК. 1989. – 64 s.

7. Dospekhov B. А. Metodika polevogo opyta / B. А. Dospekhov. –

М. : Agropromizdat, 1985. – 351 s.

8. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po ekologicheskomu ispytaniyu

ovochnykh kultur v otkrytom grunte. – М. : VNIISSОК, 1985. – 53 s.

О.Н. Беленькая

Адаптивный потенциал поликроссных гибридов лука шалота.

Резюме. Освещены результаты исследований по определению

адаптивного потенциала клонов поликроссных гибридов лука шалота.

Выделены восемь клонов гибридов, которые характеризуются

высокими показателями адаптивности по урожайности луковиц и

являются перспективными для использования в селекционных

программах.

О.М. Біленька

Адаптивний потенціал полікросних гібридів цибулі шалот.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати досліджень по вивченню

адаптивного потенціалу клонів полікросних гібридів цибулі шалот.

Виділено вісім клонів гібридів, які характеризуються високими

показниками адаптивності за урожайністю цибулин і є

перспективними для використання у селекційних програмах.

1. – Options of adaptability of clones for yield of bulbs shallot (average for 2010-2012 years)

Adaptive capacity

Name of the variety,

№ of plot

Catalog

№ in

IVM

Yield of

bulbs, t/ha overall

OAC

(Vi)

specific

SAC (σ2)

Stability

(Sgi), % Plasticity (bi)

Breeding

value of

genotype

(BVG)

Lira St 37 4,63 -1,82 12,27 75,62 0,85 1,99

47 58 5,33 -1,12 13,64 69,26 0,90 2,55

93 105 8,00 1,55 19,78 55,60 1,08 4,65

81 92 5,53 -0,92 24,48 89,42 1,20 1,81

106 118 7,17 0,71 10,74 45,74 0,79 4,70

97 109 6,73 0,28 24,91 74,13 1,20 2,97

77 88 4,73 -1,72 12,08 73,44 0,83 2,11

99 111 7,33 0,88 29,08 73,54 1,31 3,27

83 95 9,00 2,55 48,97 77,75 1,69 3,73

117 129 6,70 0,25 9,55 46,13 0,73 4,37

35 47 5,60 -0,85 17,83 75,41 1,01 2,42

116 128 7,13 0,68 25,58 70,91 1,22 3,32

59 70 4,43 -2,02 12,59 80,05 0,86 1,76

85 97 7,33 0,88 18,83 59,18 1,05 4,06

92 104 7,47 1,01 34,14 78,26 1,42 3,06

42 54 5,20 -1,25 12,58 68,21 0,80 2,53

107 119 6,77 0,31 41,24 94,91 1,55 1,93

89 95 5,77 -0,69 10,02 54,90 0,64 3,38

122 134 6,03 -0,42 17,59 69 1,02 2,87

114 126 6,57 0,11 12,35 52 0,85 3,92

Continuation of the table 1 Adaptive capacity

Name of the variety,

№ of plot

Catalog

№ in

IVM

Yield of

bulbs, t/ha overall

OAC

(Vi)

specific

SAC (σ2)

Stability

(Sgi), % Plasticity (bi)

Breeding

value of

genotype

(BVG)

50 61 7,57 1,11 18,78 53,53 1,03 4,30

53 64 8,60 2,15 27,69 57,28 1,28 4,64

95 107 5,87 -0,59 10,88 61,19 0,78 3,38

89 101 6,83 0,38 1,70 56,24 0,27 5,85

36 48 7,90 1,45 20,86 19,11 1,07 4,46

78 89 5,33 -1,12 17,59 78,65 1,02 2,17

88 100 4,17 -2,29 10,30 77,04 0,77 1,75

60 71 7,13 0,68 9,30 42,76 0,61 4,84

82 94 4,80 -1,65 5,41 48,46 0,48 3,05

54 65 5,10 -1,35 25,42 98,86 1,21 1,30

57 68 8,30 1,85 19,18 52,77 1,05 5,00

62 73 7,73 1,28 33,04 74,33 1,39 3,40

118 130 7,40 0,95 29,19 73,01 1,29 3,33

48 59 5,27 -1,19 14,90 73,30 0,78 2,36

V,% 50,63

Sv, ± 6,14


UDC: 635.82"71"(477)

S.А. Vdovenko, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

Vinnitsa National Agrarian University

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN

UKRAINE

Identifies the status of production and development of mushroom

production in Ukraine. The necessity of creation of the specialized

enterprises of intensive cultivation and maintenance of the control over

quality of mushroom products on the basis of national and international

standards, the national system of certification, the need for production

accounting mushrooms in statistical publications.

Keywords: production, edible mushrooms, program and resource

base, development, consumption, specialization, high-yielding strains,

market.

Introduction. Cultivation and consumption of edible mushrooms is of

particular interest in the rights not only in color and body shape fruit, but

through biological and properties. Among the wide variety of fungi in vitro has

grown about 13 species that contain a significant amount of protein (over

35 %), 18 essential amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and organic acids.

The content of these compounds is higher in mushrooms that are grown in

greenhouses relatively mushrooms growing in natural environment [8].

Pioneers in the mushrooming Chinese believe that at the beginning of our era

were grown shiitake. On the European continent, in the early ХVIII century in

France, the quarries were grown champignon bispored and oyster mushroom

cultivated in Germany, first at the stumps of trees, as industrial production

began in the 60 of the ХХ century. Today, mushrooms are grown in Europe,

South America and Australia, Africa, South East Asia, where the success of

their growing at an impressive rate [12].

The most popular mushroom believe bispored mushrooms, oyster

mushroom, shiitake mushrooms, honey agaric winter and summer and

others. These representatives grow well and produce fruit on agricultural

© Vdovenko S.А., 2014.

residues and industry [3]. According O.V. Babayants [1] edible mushrooms

valued as a dietary product that helps reduce cholesterol in the antidiabetic

and radioprotective properties.

World's population annually consumes about 6.5 million tons of

mushrooms, of which 6 million are produced in specialized farms. Every five

years the increase in the production of this product is 18-20 %. Intensive

development of mushroom production occurs in the last 30-40 years, it is based

on the use of environmentally sound technologies, gives a high-quality crop

due to control important functions mushroom body [10]. Modern production

technology related to the use of manual labor that is most used by multiple data

collection and post-harvest handling of the crop.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Agriculture of

Ukraine shows stable development dynamics, which helps in getting an

increasing number of agricultural products. The structure of production

occupies a larger share of the country's plant vegetable industry [9]. Level

of society full of vitamins and amino acids determines the development and

security of the country as a whole. One of the provisions providing protein

and amino acids are mushrooms growing in vitro. On the European

continent the largest producers of mushrooms in the ХХ century thought of

Italy and France. Growing demand for mushrooms helped expand the range

of products and improve its quality. However, the proposal mushroom

market is not enough to meet existing demand, which stimulated the

improvement of the technology of their production.

Despite the continuous development of agriculture and the use of

adaptive technology of growing plants, the level of protein intake varies.

According to FAO standards, the average daily intake of protein should one

person make 100 g/day. Sufficient level of consumption of high-protein

foods are characterized Western European norm of 100.2 g/day, North

America – 101.2 g/day, Oceania and Australia – 95.3 g/day. In Ukraine, the

protein intake of 84 g/day, low consumption characterized by Asia and

Africa – 69.8-61 g/day [2]. The data determine the need for resource-saving

technologies of cultivation of edible mushrooms in greenhouses Ukraine to

increase protein intake.

In the 90s of the last century has increased the volume of production

of mushrooms in the world and especially in Poland. The pace of growth of

mushrooms Poland has surpassed major competitors and filling products

provided European market. In the early XXI century output of mushrooms

in Poland amounted to 160 ths. tons, and began to significantly outpace the

rate of France and other countries, and already in 2011 amounted to

320 ths. tons. In just 7-8 years, the country has evolved from passive

consumers of mushrooms to the largest exporter of goods in the European

market [12]. However, most were made of edible mushrooms in the

Netherlands, where production exceeds the rate 24 ths. tones of mushroom

production in Poland. This jump is primarily dependent on the

reorganization of the sub-sectors, namely union farms, separation for

specialization, the existence of appropriate raw materials, availability of

cheap labor and favorable geographical location. Creation of specialized

farms boosted mushroom production by 50 %.

Mushroom business is quite well developed in Ireland, which is not

included in the list of economically developed countries of Europe.

Bordering with the major importers of England and Germany Ireland

supplying international markets own mushroom production. Almost 80 %

of mushrooms are grown in Ireland, exported to England. [5]

Through the implementation of various technologies yield cultivation of

mushrooms is different, and therefore consumption varies. The main consumer

is China, whose share is 36.5 % of the world total. The following leadership

positions are occupied leading economically developed countries. In the

European Union in 2009, the rate of consumption of products mushrooming

ranged from 2.2 to 3.2 kg per capita, and in 2009-2012 and increased their

consumption was 4.5-6.5 kg [4, 6].

Most mushrooms consumed in the U.S. population aged 21-40 years

at least – children aged 10-12 years. In the pattern of production prevails

mushrooms champignon, the total sale of which is 97-98 %, and the oyster

mushroom is only the third position, behind shiitake. Major centers of

consumption of edible mushrooms in Europe are Spain, France, Germany,

England, but these countries can not fully sustain its population mushroom

production, stimulating foreign producers to supply it to these markets [13].

Russian market of mushroom is very attractive for foreign producers,

since the consumption is much lower than in European countries. In the

Russian Federation there are approximately 100 companies engaged in

production of mushrooms and 60 are only oyster mushroom, but these

farms are small-scale production [7, 11].

The aim of researchers. Coverage holds state mushrooming in

Ukraine and substantiates further development of the domestic mushroom

industry.

The results of researches. Large stocks of wild edible mushrooms

were observed throughout Ukraine, but after the Chernobyl accident area

collect their much reduced, and therefore the demand for mushrooms that

are grown in artificial conditions. The end of the twentieth century was

unfavorable for the development of mushroom business in Ukraine, one of

the factors deemed lack of a mechanism of state support and financing for

small and medium businesses. However, once the program has started

mushrooming of commercial development and production of mushrooms,

the scale of production increased by systematically informing people about

the taste, consumption and medicinal properties. In 1997, Ukraine adopted

a program of "Fungi of Ukraine", according to which 2005 were planned to

receive 40 thousand tons of fresh mushroom products, but the results of the

program known as Statistical Office did not conduct a full accounting of

fungi. The main problems are mushrooming: low yields and high

production costs; poor technological equipment during the growth (Fig. 1).

Existing sectored program of agriculture production of edible

mushrooms in Ukraine for the period up to 2015 takes into account the

introduction of new strains, elements of technology, infrastructure

development mushrooming and mechanisms of control through

standardization, increase investment and reduce the importation of products

from other countries. At the same time, the program provides for the

production of edible fungi using environmentally friendly recycled

materials and is aimed at small and medium-sized businesses in the

agricultural sector and the mobilization of human resources in rural areas,

the development of biodiesel production, bioethanol, biogas and fertilizers

to restore soil fertility.

0,31 0,48

4,5

14

22

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

tho

usa

nd

to

nes

1 990 1 995 2 000 2 002 2 004 2 005

Fig. 1. The production of edible mushrooms in Ukraine, ths. tons [8]

The current program allows for further development of the

knowledge base for basic and applied research and development of the

necessary documentation for the cultivation of mushrooms, using the

experience of Ukraine's leading mushroom producers, including producers

of mycelium, substrate and compost. However, in Ukraine, there is a small

number of higher education institutions that train specialists for

mushrooming, there is always a practical basis for their training. The

program includes the development of a new range of food from fungi,

creating a marketing strategy for their internal and external markets. As a

result of the program for the production of mushrooms economic

component exceeds the yield of grain plants, vegetables and potatoes.

It is expected that annual demand for fresh mushrooms in Ukraine

should be 200-250 thousand tons, the domestic market does not fully satisfy

the growing demand and processing enterprises are forced to use foreign

products. Mushroom Sector in Ukraine is still at a low level of development: in

early 2012 the volume of production in Ukraine reached 42 ths. tons, and per

capita consumption of only 1.1-1.2 kg/year (Fig. 2, 3).

Despite the low rates of production and consumption of mushrooms,

our country has great potential for further development through the

inventory of waste mushroom production agriculture. Only the volume of

raw materials for mushroom cultivation, Ukraine in Europe takes first

place: wheat production is 46.2 million tons followed by its increase, and

8.4 million tons of sunflower, waste from the production of these plants is a

major component of the substrate. At the same time, ever-increasing

production of chicken meat and waste used for cooking champignon

substrate. Given the resource base stocks in the country can get about 30

million tons of waste that will support the 5.5-6.0 million tons of fresh

mushrooms at the lowest yields.

Fig. 2. The production of edible mushrooms in Europe in 2012, ths.

tons

5,2

3,23,1 3,0 3,0 2,7

2,62,4 2,3 2,2

1,6 1,6

1,1 1,11,0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

kg

pe

r in

ha

bit

an

t

China

Spain

Germany

France

England

Australia

Benelux

Poland

Canada

Italy

USA

Switzerl

Israel

Ukraine

Russia

Fig. 3. Volume of consumption of mushrooms in countries with per

inhabitant in 2009

344

320

172

98

98

84

86

75

38

42

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Netherlands

France

Italy

Ireland

Hungary

thousand tones

Increased production of mushrooms in Ukraine is due to the

existence of large companies and 1000 small farms, the introduction of

additional investment and the existence of the internal market. Large

companies grow month to 100 tons to 60 tons of medium and small farms

of up to 20 tones of fresh mushrooms. Increased production of edible

mushrooms was made possible through consolidation and specialization of

the following areas: production of mushroom substrate production and

mycelium. Such a distribution promotes fair distribution of some other

businesses around, providing timely delivery of the substrate, planting

material. However, there are cases where the enterprises of production or

substrate mycelium are geographically far from producing fungi. These

farms are able to organize the production of mushroom power up to

1000 tons of its own raw materials, which will increase the profitability of

farming to 30-70 %.

The largest enterprises engaged in growing mushrooms champignons

include: Kyiv Agricultural Complex "Pushcha Vodytsya"; JSC

"Ukrshampinyon"; SLL "Dinbo" and SLL "Ukrainski pecherytsi"; JSC

"Grykar-APS"; SLL "Eko Dolyna"; SLL "Forteks"; SLL "Grybna rodyna";

Agricultural firm "Ovochivnyk"; SLL "Mikogen-Ukraina"; JSC

"Valentyna"; JSC "Komgri"; SLL "Geleka-M”; Agricultural company

"Nova". The largest producers of oyster mushroom distinguished company

"Tavriya Agro-kapital", SLL "Kvity-Servis", SLL "ItalGryb", PP "Mikos",

NPK "Eco-gryb", SLL "Bios", SLL "Gribnoy dozhd», "Grybman", SLL

"Praktyk".

Over the past 10 years the number of companies that grow

champignon increased several times, and oyster mushroom 2 times. Among

the processing industry quality food of company of fungi manufactures

under the brand name "Veres" in various recipes, but the competition up of

"Sharm", "Chumak".

Ukraine has increased the interest in shiitake production, but growing it

involved a small number of farms that are located around Odessa and Kyiv.

Despite the medicinal properties of this mushroom production lacks experience

growing, poorly developed markets. At the same time, due to lack of

experience specialists have low yield and poor quality mushrooms. Only a few

complexes are engineers, whose experience to evaluate the state of production

and monitor the processes.

Creation of specialized companies’ is worldwide trends of industrial

associations. Only in 2011, the system of combining farms produced about

50 thousand tons of mushrooms, including 5 thousand tons accounted for

oyster mushroom. European leader in the production of the fungus became

Spain, Italy, and the third step of inherited Ukrainian producers is ahead of

Russia, France, Hungary, Poland, Germany and Turkey. Share Ukrainian

mushroom production in Europe is around 9 %. Based on the application of

mushroom, which is active in front of Ukrainian producers of mushrooms

are tasked to further retention rate of growth of its products.

By undertaken specialization in Agricultural Complex "Pushcha

Vodytsya" developed technology of substrate mycelium and cultivation of

edible mushrooms from their following processing, which provided

increased yields champignon mushrooms to 17-18 kg/m2, and revenues

from sales increased to 4.2 million. According to the Director

agrokombinat O.V. Prylipka existence as a result of specialization,

agrokombinat increased production, makes a good source of raw materials

for making compost. Simultaneously, compost, after growing mushrooms

are a valuable organic fertilizer, providing soil nutrients, improves its

structure. The use of waste mushroom production can reduce the cost of

fertilizer in the rotation open ground, which significantly reduces the cost of

the main product.

Apart from already established specialized farms and raw materials

for mushroom growing importance of allocating quality of seeds. Among a

large number of companies that provide management mycelium, SLL

"Biotekhnologiya" “Spyra” contributes to ensure quality seed by highly

professional experts and reduce the supply of imported material.

In the 2014-2015 years mushrooms will be further developed with the

participation of specialized farms, which are able to attract significant

investment to get quality products to attract consumers by setting competitive

prices and products focus on specialty stores or supermarkets. To create these

farms need: the introduction of new technological installations; creating high

strains and hybrids; production of quality seed in adequate quantities;

reimbursement of the cost of electricity, gas, water, revitalization of marketing

service. Production activities such farms gradually replace natural markets

where products are not in compliance with national and international standards,

the system of national certification, and specialty stores or supermarkets will be

provided large volumes of clean mushroom production.

Based on the application of agro-industrial production of edible

mushrooms scientists create new production models that take into account

the elements of mushroom cultivation technology and breeding work.

Using the results contribute to the scientific and methodological support in

order to expand production period consumption and range mushroom

products, the introduction of technological operations of machinery and

equipment. During the development of new strains of the focus will pay

their resistance to environmental factors and suitability for intensive

cultivation and further processing. At the same time, in order to determine

the status of mushroom generally necessary to provide an accounting of

mushroom production in statistical publications.

Conclusions. For steady increase production of environmentally

friendly products of edible mushrooms in Ukraine should:

1. Improve energy efficiency technologies growing champignons,

oyster mushroom, shiitake mushrooms and other edible fungi in greenhouse

plants or plants that are suitable for growing mushrooms in order to

increase productivity.

2. Further development of the scientific basis and provide evidence-

based use of the resource base for the purpose of output growth, substrate

use waste as a valuable organic fertilizer in the open field.

3. Existence of important legal and financial arrangements for the

establishment of specialized enterprises of intensive cultivation, processing,

market fresh produce and prepare future professionals will significantly

sub-sector development, increase profitability.

4. Ensure quality control in the production of mushroom products

from national and international standards, national certification and

Treatment of producing statistical publications.

Bibliography.

1. Babayants O. V. Grybivnytstvo v Ukraini. Nauka ta praktyka

sogodennya / О. V. Babayants, М. А. Zaloginа-Kirkelan // Posibnyk

ukrainskogo khliborobа. – 2009. – S. 279-280.

2. Babych-Poberezhnа А. А. Spozhyvannya bilka naselennyam svitu /

А. А. Babych-Poberezhnа // Ekonomika APK. – 2006. – №1. – S. 140-142.

3. Dudkа І. О. Rozrobka naukovykh osnov promyslovogo

grybivnytstva ta ikh praktychna realizatsiya v agrarnomu kompleksi Ukrainy

/ [Dudkа І. О., Bisko N. А., Tsyz О. М., Bilay V. Т., Mytropolska N. Yu.] //

Dostizheniya, problem I perspektivy kultivirovaniya gribov. Sovremennye

tekhnologii : materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. – Donetsk : ООО

«Nord Kompyuter», 2005. – S. 3-16.

4. Informatsiya pro diyalnist asotsiatsii «Soyuz grybovyrobnykiv

Ukrainy» u 2009-2012 rr. [Elektronnyy resurs] / G. G. Matvienko. –

Rezhym dostupu: http://www.grib-soyuz.org/blog.php?cat_id=10&id=435.

5. Kartashova L. V. Tovarovedenie prodovolstvennykh tovarov /

Kartashova L. V., Nikolaevа М. А., Pechnikova E. N. – М. : Dom, elovaya

literatura, 2004. – 664 s.

6. Kosyak О. А. Suchasnyy stan vnutrishnogo ta zovnishnikh rynkiv

promyslovogo grybivnytstva: problem ta shlyakhy vdoskonalennya / О. А. Коsyak

// Mytna bezpekа. – 2010. – № 2. – Seriya «Еkonomikа». – S. 116-128.

7. Litvinov S. S. Problemy razvitiya I effektivnosti promyshlennogo

gribovodstva v Rossii / S. S. Litvinov, N. L. Devochkina // Ekonomika selskogo

khozyaystva I pererabatyvayushchikh predpryyatiy. – 2004. – № 7. – S. 22-24.

8. Prylipka O. V. Stan I perspektyvy rozvytku galuzi grybivnytstva v

Ukraini / О. V. Prylipka // Visnyk Zhytomyrskogo derzhavnogo tekhnologichnogo

universytetu. – № 1 (43). – Ekonomichni nauky. – 2008. – S. 221-226.

9. Stan I perspektyvy vyrobnytstva ovochevoi I bashtannoi

produktsii v Ukraini / [Demidov О. А., Іvashchenkо О. О., Khareba V. V.

ta in.]. – К. : NNTS ІАЕ, 2012. – 72 s.

10. Khrenov А. Vyrashchivat griby? А pochemy by I net? / А. Khrenov //

Nauka I zhyzn. – 1996. – № 12. – S.122-125.

11. Khrenov A. V. Marketing veshenki v Rossii I za rubezhom /

А. V. Khrenov // Shkola gribovodstva. – 2000. – № 3. – S. 2-3.

12. Mushroom statistics. FAOSTAT [Elektronnyy resurs] / Rezhym dostupu: http:

//www. faostat.fao.org/site/613/ DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=613#ancor.

13. Mushrooms. National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS).

U.S. Department of Agriculture [Elektronnyy resurs] / Rezhym dostupu: http //

www.usda.gov / nass/.

С.А. Вдовенко

Развитие грибоводства в Украине.

Резюме. Определено состояние производства и развитие

грибоводства в Украине. Установлена необходимость создания

специализированных предприятий интенсивного выращивания и

обеспечение контроля над качеством грибной продукции на основе

национальных и международных стандартов, отечественной системы

сертификации, необходимость проведения учёта производства грибов

в статистических изданиях.

С.А. Вдовенко

Розвиток грибівництва в Україні.

Резюме. Визначено стан виробництва та розвиток грибівництва

в Україні. Встановлено необхідність створення спеціалізованих

підприємств інтенсивного вирощування та забезпечення контролю за

якістю грибної продукції на основі національних та міжнародних

стандартів, вітчизняної системи сертифікації, необхідність проведення

обліку виробництва грибів у статистичних виданнях.

ISSN 0131-0062. Vegetable and melon growing. 2014. Vol. 60 UDC: 631.86/87; 631.521.54

V.V. Volkogon, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,

S.B. Dimova, M.V. Gatsenko, Candidates of Agricultural Sciences,

N.V. Lutsenko

Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production of NAAS

А.V. Kuts, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences


DEMONSTRATED THE EFFICACY OF MICROBIAL

PREPARATION BIOGRAN AND BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER

FOSFOGUMIN FOR GROWING CUCUMBER IN THE FOREST-

STEPPE ZONE

Has already been established that in the conditions of Forest-steppe

of Ukraine the use of bio-organic fertilizers Fosfogumin and microbial

preparation Biogran in growing cucumber varieties Dzherelo causes an

increase in the yield of marketable products on 13.9-16.9 % increase in

total sugar and ascorbic acid in the fruit.

Keywords: cucumber, microbial preparation Biogran, bioorganic

fertilizer Fosfogumin, yielding, quality of product.

Introduction. On Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and

Agricultural Production of NAAS developed a number of microbial agents

and bioorganic fertilizer designed for use in technology growing crops.

Among them – preparation Biogran and bioorganic fertilizer Fosfogumin

that are recommended to improve the supply of vegetables, activation of

biological processes in their root zone, increase productivity and improve

product quality.

Biogran is a granular biological preparation effective consortium which

consists of strains nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and

Azotobacter vinelandii M-70/2 and vermicompost (product of composting) [1,

2]. Application Biogran promotes amplification growth and development of

vegetable crops through growth-promoting action of physiologically active

substances produced by azotobacter in biohumus [3, 4].

© Volkogon V.V., Dimova S.B., Gatsenko M.V., Lutsenko N.V., Kuts O.V., 2014.

Bioorganic fertilizer Fosfohumin is out as a result of

vermcomposting of cattle from phosphate rock and phosphate mobilizing

bacteria Pseudomonas putida 17 [5, 6]. Fertilizer is characterized by a high

content of water-soluble phosphates and enriched phytohormones [7,

8], thus increasing the productivity of vegetable crops.

In previous papers devoted to investigation of Fosfogumin efficiency

[9, 10] and Biogran [11], according to results of three-year field

experiments were shown increase productivity of cucumber 41.8 % and

55 % respectively.

The aim of research – to determine efficiency of optimization of

cucumber plant nutrition through the use of microbial preparation Biogran

and bioorganic fertilizer Fosfogumin in irrigated conditions of the Forest-

Steppe of Ukraine.

The method of researches. Investigation of efficiency of Biogran

and Fosfogumin performed on typical black soil less humus on heavy loam

(humus content – 4.3 %; pH – 5.9; the amount of absorbed bases –

26.0 mg-ekv./100 g of soil; hydrolytic acidity – 2.9 mg-ekv./100 g of soil;

nitrogen hydrolyzed – 124.0 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus – 113-

124 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium– 110-132 mg/kg of soil).

Area of account plot was 16.8 м2, total area – 29.4 м

2, plots placed

randomly, repeatability of – four-time. Technology of growing cucumber

variety Dzherelo – generally accepted to the Forest- steppe of Ukraine (the

predecessor – carrots, scheme of planting plants – 70х20-25 cm, sprinkling

irrigation method). Since the biological preparations contain significant

amounts of phytohormones, aplying them was limited – 2 granules (0,07-

0,09 g) per 1 seed at sowing.

During the tests conducted account of yield (gross, marketable and

marketability) [12, 13], determined dry matter content [14], total sugar

[15], ascorbic acid in fruit [16].

The results of researches. These results indicate the high efficiency

of new biofertilizers (Table 1). Thus, using Biogran and Fosfogumin

provide reliable growth of cucumber yield.

In particular, in 2010 the gross yield using Biogran was 16.1 t/ha to

14.9 t/ha in the control (without making biofertilizers), with obtained

increase in yield was 10.1 %, while making Fosfogumin this figure

increased to 14.1 %. In 2011, the observed higher absolute indicators of

gross yield when grown cucumber with Biogran and Fosfogumin,

significant increase to control was 15.8 % and 11.9 % respectively. It

should also be noted that in the experiments during 2010-2011 years, the

difference between absolute indicators between the yield variants with

Biogran and Fosfogumin was small and was within the margin of error. On

average for two years of gross yield growth with application of Biogran

was 13.2 % and Fosfogumin – 12.9 %.

Changes in yield of marketable products and marketability correlated

with gross yield of cucumber (Table 2). Thus, in 2010 year, making

Biogran provide increase of marketable yield to 16.2 t/ha and Fosfogumin –

up to 16.5 t/ha, which exceeded the control on 10,2 and 12.2 %,

accordingly. In 2011 year, we observed slightly higher indicators of

marketable yield of cucumbers on variant using microbial preparation

Biogran than bioorganic fertilizer Fosfogumin.

Microbial preparation contributed to increase of this index relative to

controls at 22.4 % (15.6 t/ha in control to 19.1 t/ha in experimental variant).

Fosfogumin provided yield of marketable products at the level of 17.9 t/ha,

which is 14.7 % higher than the control. Variants with using Biogran and

Fosfogumin differed insignificantly. On average for 2010-2011, use in

technology of growing cucumbers microbial preparation Biogran ensured

the growth of marketable yield on 16.9 %.

According to increase marketable yield of cucumbers also grow

their marketability. The highest indicator of marketability observed also

with introduction of microbial preparation Biogran and made in 2010 year

98.8 %, in 2011 year 93.1 %.

It should be noted that using in technology of growing cucumber

Fosfogumin and Biogran promoted the growth of ascorbic acid and total

sugar content in fruit (Table 3). Thus, making Biogran provided increase

content of vitamin C in the fruits of cucumber by 15.2 % (12.60 mg/100g

in making microbial preparation to 10,94 mg/100g in control variant) and

Fosfogumin – 12.4 % (12,30 mg/100 g in making fertilizers to

10.94 mg/100 g in control variant). Subject to Fosfohuminu was observed

growth of total sugars (2.78 % in the control variant and 3.11 %, subject to

bioorganic fertilizer, representing 11.9% growth). Dry matter content was

thus at the same level (5.30-5.44 %).

Conclusions. Thus, under irrigation in condition of the Forest-Steppe

of Ukraine bioorganic fertilizer Fosfogumin and microbial preparation

Biogran when sowing ensures growth of yield of marketable products of

cucumber variety Dzherelo on 2.1-2.5 t/ha or on 13.9-16.9 %, makes

improvements of fruit quality by increasing the content of total sugar and

ascorbic acid.

Bibliography.

1. ТU U 24.1-00497360-00:2008 Biogran – biologichne dobryvо.

2. Pat. 47303 Ukrainy, МКІ С 05F 11/08. Sposib oderzhannya

granulovanogo biologichnogo preparatu / [Volkogon V. V., Lokhova V. І.,

Dimova S. B.]; zayavnyk I patentovlasnyk Instytut silskogospodarskoi

mikrobiologii NAAN. – № 2001107417; zayavl. 31.10.2001; оpubl.

16.05.2005, Byul. № 5. – S. 3.

3. А.s. 1476831 SSSR, А1 С 05F 11/08. Konsortsium shtammov

bakteriy Azotobacter chroococcum i Azotobacter vinelandii dlya

proizvodstva bakterialnykh udobreniy pod kormovuyu sveklu I kapusru /

Yu. М. Моchalov, V. I. Kanivets (SSSR). – № 4086625/30-13; zayavl.

02.07.86; opubl. 03.01.89.

4. Dimova S. B. Vykorystannya novogo biologichnogo preparatu

kompleksnoi dii Biograny yak zasobu optymizatsii produktsiynogo

protsesu roslyn kartopli : аvtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand.

s.-g. nauk : spets. 03.00.07 «Міkrobiologiya» / S. B. Dimovа. – Chernigiv,

2008. – 22 s.

5. Pat. 97198 Ukrainа, МPК (2011.01) С05F15/00, С05F17/00,

С05F3/00, С05F11/00, С05F11/08 (2006.01), С05B15/00. Bioorganichne

dobryvo «Fosfogumin» / [Volkogon V. V., Gatsenkо М. V,

Lutsenkо N. V.]; zayavnyk I patentovlasnyk Instytut silskogospodarskoi

mikrobiologii NAAN. – № а 2010 12767; zayavl. 28.10.10; оpubl.

10.01.12, Byul. №1.

6. Pat. 98052 Ukrainа, МPК (2012.01) С12N 1/20 (2006/01), C05F

15/00, C05F 17/00, C12R 1/40 (2006.04). Shtam bakteriy Pseudomonas

putida dlya oderzhannya bioorganichnogo / [Gatsenkо М. V,

Lutsenkо N. V., Volkogon V. V.]; zayavnyk I patentovlasnyk Instytut

silskogospodarskoi mikrobiologii NAAN. – № а 2010 12764; zayavl.

28.10.10; оpubl. 10.04.12, Byul. №7.

7. Getsenko M. V. Оptymizatsiya vermykompostuvannya organiky,

zbagachenoi fosforytamy, za vplyvu fosfatmobilizuvalnykh

mikroorganizmiv / М. V. Gatsenkо, V. V. Volkogon // Mikrobiologichnyy

zhurnal. – 2010. – № 3. – S. 14-19.

8. Gatsenko M. V. Vplyv Pseudomonas putida 17 na nakopychennya

fitogormoniv u vermykulitі / Gatsenkо М. V., Volkogon M. V.,

Lutsenkо N. V. , Volkogon V. V. // Silskogospodarska mikrobiologiya. –

2011. – № 13. – S. 82-91.

9. Volkogon V. V. Vplyv bioorganichnogo dobryva Fosfogumin na

fosforne zhyvlennya roslyn, urozhaynist ogirkiv ta yakist produktsii /

Volkogon V. V. , Gatsenkо М. V., Lutsenkо N. V. // Byuleten Instytutu

silskogo gospodarstva stepovoi zony NAAN Ukrainy. – 2012. – № 3. –

S. 72-74.

10. Gatsenko M. V. Vplyv bioorganichnogo dobryva Fosfogumin na

produktyvnist ogirkiv / Gatsenkо М. V., Volkogon V. V., Lutsenkо N. V. //

Organichne vyrobnytstvo I prodovolcha bezpeka. – Zhytomyr : Polissya,

2013. – 492 s.

11. Volkogon V. V. Vplyv biologichnogo preparatu Biogranu na

produktyvnist ovochiv / Volkogon V. V., Dimova S. B., Shtanko N. P. [tа

іn.] // Silskogospodarska mikrobiologiya. – 2007. – № 5. – С. 31-38.

12. Dospekhov B. A. Metodika polevogo opyta / B. A. Dospekhov. –

M . : Kolos, 1979. – 415 s.

13. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi /

[zа red. G. L. Bondarenka і К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Х. : Оsnovа, 2001. – 369 s.

14. Produkty pererabotki plodov I ovoshchey. Metody opredeleniya

sukhikh veshchestv ili vlagi. GOSТ-28561-90. – [Data vvedeniya

1991-07-01]. – М. : Izdatelstvo standartov, 1990. – 11 s.

15. Metody biokhimicheskogo issledovaniya rasteniy / [

Ermakov А. I., Arasimovich V. V., Yarosh N. P. I dr.]. – L. :

Аgropromizdat, 1987. – S. 41-43.

16. Produkty pererabotki plodov I ovoshchey. Metody opredeleniya

vitamina C. GOSТ – 24556 – 89. – [Data vvedeniya 1990-01-01]. – М. :

Izdatelstvo standartov, 1989. – 11 s.

1. – Impact of Biogran and Fosfogumin on gross yield of cucumber variety

Dzherelo

Gross yield, t/ha Variants of

experiment 2010 year 2011 year average

Increase to

control, %

Control 14,9 17,7 16,3 -

Biogran 16,4 20,5 18,5 13,2

Fosfogumin 17,0 19,8 18,4 12,9

SSD0,95 1,25 1,11

2. – Impact of Biogran and Fosfogumin on marketable yield and

marketability of cucumber variety Dzherelo

Marketable yield, t/ha Marketability,

% Variants of

experiment 2010 year 2011 year average

Increase

to control,

% 2010 р.2011 р.

Control 14,7 15,6 15,1 - 98,6 88,1

Biogran 16,2 19,1 17,6 16,9 98,8 93,1

Fosfogumin 16,5 17,9 17,2 13,9 97,1 90,4

SSD0,95 1,3 1,4

3. – Impact of Biogran and Fosfogumin on quality products of cucumber

variety Dzherelo

Content Variants of

experiment Dry matter, % total sugar, % Ascorbic acid,

mg/100g

Control 5,30 2,78 10,94

Biogran 5,44 2,93 12,60

Fosfogumin 5,38 3,11 12,30

SSD0,95 0,49 0,22 1,08

В.В. Волкогон, С.Б. Димова, М.В. Гаценко, Н.В. Луценко,

А.В. Куц

Эффективность микробного препарата биограна и

Биоорганического удобрения фосфогумина при выращивании огурца

в условиях Лесостепной зоны.

Резюме. Установлено, что в условиях лесостепи Украины

использование биоорганического удобрения Фосфогумин и

микробного препарата Биогран при выращивании огурца сорта

Джерело обуславливает повышение урожайности товарной продукции

на 13,9-16,9 %, увеличение содержания общего сахара и аскорбиновой

кислоты в плодах.

В.В. Волкогон, С.Б. Дімова, М.В. Гаценко, Н.В. Луценко,

О.В. Куц

Ефективність мікробного препарату Біограну та біоорганічного

добрива Фосфогуміну при вирощуванні огірка в умовах Лісостепової

зони.

Резюме. Встановлено, що в умовах Лісостепу України

використання біоорганічного добрива Фосфогуміну та мікробного

препарату Біограну за вирощування огірка сорту Джерело обумовлює

підвищення урожайності товарної продукції на 13,9-16,9 %,

збільшення вмісту загального цукру та аскорбінової кислоти в плодах.


UDC: 635.649: 631.527

O.Yu. Gart, Graduate Student,

N.P. Kuraksa, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

S.I. Kondratenko, Candidate of Biological Sciences,


BIOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF FRUIT OF

BREEDING VALUABLE SAMPLES OF SWEET PEPPER UNDER

THE CONDITIONS OF SEX AND MIXED APOMICTICALLY AND

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

The article is devoted to an important issue: the development of a

method for accelerating genetic breeding and stabilization of genotypes of

sweet pepper based on the method of induced apomixis. The analysis was

conducted biometric and biochemical parameters in fruit ripening phase of

biological origin7 lines of apomictic origin. Defined the scope of the

variation of these traits in the lines compared with varieties from which

they are derived under the conditions that the procedure apomictic

reproduction has not been applied to them in the last 2 years, and their

reproduction in the mentioned period was carried out under standard

conditions – through optional pollination in linear within populations.

Keywords: sweet pepper, apomixis, genetic stabilization, agronomic

characteristics, variability of quantitative traits.

Introduction. At present the most widely used in varietal and hybrid-

breeding of sweet pepper it became very time consuming for the number of

operations and temporal duration stabilizing breeding method of genetic

material, which is based on the use of family breeding of hybrid

populations of plants. This breeding process may last for 5-7 generations,

depending on the achievement of the desired stability of inheritance studied

agronomic traits [1]. Breeding of technology breeding is based on a direct

breeding of plants from populations of families, which in principle can not

be 100 % diploid homozygotes for the full range of genes, as always in the

heterozygous state [1]. So even with the pollination for 10 generations

homozygosity for two alleles of one gene equals 98 %. © Gart O.Yu., Kuraksa N.P., Kondratenko S.I., 2014.

The more genes are associated with the family breeding, the lower

the degree of homozygosity is observed in plants that make up the

population of families [2]. To improve the efficiency of breeding of sweet

pepper there is an urgent need to develop more effective and accelerated

methods of genetic breeding and stabilization of valuable material. In order

to achieve almost 100 % diploid genotypes homozygotisation of this

vegetable plants in breeding practice should be used genetic phenomenon

of apomixis [3, 4]. The Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS during

2007-2013, research was conducted to provide an effective technique to

obtain apomictic seeds of sweet pepper. As a result of search operations

developed an effective way to exogenous growth stimulation unfertilized

germ seed of sweet pepper in planta [5]. Application of this method for

selective samples allowed to select varieties and linear population of sweet

pepper, plants are in the reproductive phase of development have the ability

to apomictic seeds, which by its physiological properties, morphology and

sowing qualities are not inferior seed that was formed naturally – in free

pollination [1].

During 2012-2013 years in the field conducted a comparative

evaluation of related populations of plants and apomictic varieties and lines

of sweet pepper, from which they are derived by the complex agronomic

traits in order to select the best examples for further breeding.

The aim of research. Improving the process to conduct of

reproduction and creating of lines and varieties of sweet pepper, with the

acceleration of genetic stabilization of agronomic traits.

The methods of research. In the experiment used sweet pepper lines

that were derived from breeding and of forms that can form apomictic seed

after growth stimulation method developed unfertilized seed embryos [5].

Assessment of populations of plant-apomictic sweet pepper on a set of

quantitative traits conducted under conditions of cultivation in the open

ground, under guidelines VIR [6] classifier [7]. Biometric parameters of

fruit held during their biological maturity on such quantitative indicators

«Diameter of fruit», «Length of fruit», «Thickness of pericarp», «Weight

of fruit». Statistical analysis of experimental data carried out by

B. A. Dospehov methods [8]. The level of variability characterized with the

help of my-statistical indicators: «Xm» – the arithmetic mean; «Mx» – the

arithmetic average error, «CV, %» – the coefficient of variation.

The results of investigation. During the 2012-2013 years, to be

conducted to determine the characteristics of display of quantitative and

qualitative characteristics of sample breeding and sweet pepper, which in

recent year’s studies have been able to form apomictic seeds after

processing method applied unsolved buds [5].

These forms of breeding were planted in the field in the breeding

nursery laboratory of breeding of Solanaceous crops institute. Total 11

samples studied, among whom were three types of standards – Svitlyachok,

Valyusha, Veleten and line Lada x Antey. The objects used in studies of

plant-line apomictic sweet pepper derived from the above varieties. Feature

of this experiment is that to set up in previous years research apomictic

lines during 2012-2013 years longer used procedure apomictic

reproduction, and conducted only standard reproduction, based on optional

pollination of plants within a population breeding and valuable specimen.

Biometric parameters of fruit in a phase of biological maturity of sweet

pepper lines are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2 shows on biochemical

evaluation fruits studied lines. The obtained show that apomictic line of

pepper plants fringed Svitlyachok (A) and Svitlyachok (AA) with all

biometric features have lower variations of coefficients of variation than

Svitlyachok cultivar, from which they are derived. The exception is the

coefficient of variation features «Diameter of fruit» in line Svitlyachok

(AA) – 14.8 %, in variety – 11.6 %, respectively. On the basis «Weight of

fruit» exceed the 30 % level coefficients of variation Svitlyachok (31.0 %)

and line Svitlyachok (AA) (31.9 %). The same line was traitificantly higher

than the grade of Svitlyachok on the basis of «Weight of fruit» – 84.13 g

vs. 74,8 g and a trait «Diameter of fruit» – 5.43 cm vs. 5.07 cm.

Variations of the studied biometric indicators of fruits Veleten (d272,

AA) and Veleten (d271 AA) line and Veleten (w/n) cultivar did not exceed

the 30 % threshold for the coefficient of variation. The smallest variations of

features compared to the sort of fixed in Veleten (d271 AA) line on the

following grounds – «Diameter of fruit» (8.72 % vs. 14.0 %), «Length of

fruit» (5.88 % vs. 8.49 %), «Weight of fruit» (14.6 % vs. 22.8 %). Line of

variety Veleten (d272, AA), as noted by the high level of genetic stability

following features - «Diameter of fruit» (5.67 % vs. 14.0 %) and «Weight of

fruit» (18.1 % vs. 22.8 %). The most productive Veleten (d271 AA) line is

the excess over the standard (within the error of experiment) on the basis of

«Weight of fruit» – 75.73 g vs. 70.0 g and a trait «Diameter of fruit» – 5.71

cm vs. 5.64 cm. Variations of biometric features fruit of line Valyusha (AA)

and Valyusha (A) and Valyusha cultivar were within the meaning of the

coefficient of variation of 30 %, with the exception of trait «Length of fruit»

– 32.3 % and trait of « Weight of fruit» – 31.52 % for Valyusha (AA) line.

1. – Biometric performance in biological ripeness of fruit plants of sweet pepper lines apomictic origin,

average 2012-2013 years

№ Name of sample № of

catalog

Apomictic

generation2

Diameter

of fruit, cm

(CV, %)

Length of

fruit, cm

(CV, %)

Thickness of

pericarp,

mm

(CV, %)

Weight of

fruit, g

(CV, %)

1. Svitlyachok cult. (st) К-31098 - 5,07 (11,6) 9,83 (18,9) 4,03 (36,4) 74,8 (31,0)

2. Svitlyachok (А) line К-1707 А 4,69 (10,7) 7,73 (13,7) 3,50 (22,2) 51,87 (24,4)

3. Svitlyachok (АА) line К-30314 АА 5,43 (14,8) 9,01 (15,5) 3,93 (19,7) 84,13 (31,9)

SSD0,05 - 0,21 0,12 0,11 3,67

4. Veleten cult. (st) К-1505 - 5,68 (14,0) 7,84 (8,49) 5,50 (9,0) 70,0 (22,8)

5. Veleten (д272, АА) line К-30325 АА 5,88 (5,67) 7,27 (11,8) 4,07 (27,0) 74,07 (18,1)

6. Veleten (д271, АА) line К-31171 АА 5,71 (8,72) 6,95 (5,88) 4,63 (28,7) 75,73 (14,6)

SSD0,05 0,25 0,17 0,12 2,98

7. Valyusha cult. (st) К-30366 - 5,33 (10,0) 11,88 (16,9) 4,25 (21,0) 88,67 (24,1)

8. Valyusha (АА) line К-31169 АА 5,66 (11,8) 9,27 (32,3) 4,6 (22,6) 82,3 (31,52)

9. Valyusha (А) line К-30316 А 5,67 (20,6) 8,43 (15,3) 4,50 (17,3) 82,3 (40,4)

SSD0,05 - 0,19 0,56 0,09 2,35

10. Lada x Antey line (st) К-31097 - 5,97 (7,9) 5,96 (15,9) 3,83 (30,26) 75,07 (20,1)

11. Lada x Antey line (АА) К-31092 АА 6,01 (8,7) 10,47 (24,2) 4,87 (17,6) 96,60 (21,2)

SSD0,05 - 0,20 2,33 0,13 3,47

Notes: 1. Date of biometric computing: 08/21/12, 8/19/13.

2. A – one year of reproduction induced by apomixis,

AA – two years of breeding by induced apomixis.

2. – Biochemical indicators of fruit in biological maturity and length of

growing period of apomictic lines of sweet pepper,


Name of

sample

№ of

catalog

Dry

matter,%

Total sugar,

%

Vitamin C,

mg/100 g

Growing

season,

days

Svitlyachok

cult. (st) К-31098 9,72 4,71 160,54 153-154

Svitlyachok (А)

line К-1707 8,43 4,04 151,70 149-150

Svitlyachok

(АА) line К-30314 10,16 4,55 134,77 146-152

SSD0,05 0,90 0,29 12,06 -

Veleten cult.

(st) К-1505 8,16 5,04 128,05 153-155

Veleten (д272,

АА) line К-30325 8,49 4,55 143,03 148-150

Veleten (д271,

АА) line К-31171 8,08 4,47 132,00 153-156

SSD0,05 1,05 0,29 19,44 -

Valyusha cult. (st) К-30366 7,52 3,68 105,62 156-158

Valyusha (АА)

line К-31169 9,83 4,67 148,23 158-160

Valyusha (А) line К-30316 10,96 4,85 148,11 159-160

NSD0,05 1,04 0,65 10,80 -

Lada x Antey line

(st) К-31097 7,65 4,01 107,75 152-154

Lada x Antey line

(АА) К-31092 9,90 4,13 143,32 158-160

SSD0,05 1,76 0,40 10,60 -

Lines were traitificantly inferior cultivar on basis «Length of fruit» to

2.61-3.45 cm (cultivar of – 11.88 cm) and weight of the fetus to 6.37 g

(cultivar of – 88.67 g).

As line Lada x Antey (AA) and line Lada x Antey (st) statistical

coefficients of variation of quantitative traits that determine the size, shape

and weight of fruit not exceeded the limit of 30 %, with the exception of

trait «Thickness of pericarp» (30.26 %) in standard’s line. Smaller level

variation observed standard’s line (7.9-30.26 %) for all other quantitative

traits than line Lada x Antey (8.7-24.2 %). Statistically significantly

apomictic line exceeded of standard’s line for such traits «Length of fruit»

to 4.51 cm (standard’s line is 5.69 cm) and «Weight of fruit» to 21.53 g

(standard’s line is 96.6 g).

The results of the biochemical analysis of apomictic line were

summarized in Table 2. Among the analyzed samples for biochemical

indicators highlighted line Valyusha (AA) and line Valyusha (A), this was

significantly higher than Valyusha vitamin C in fruits 42.6 mg/100 g. For

other biochemical parameters there was a clear tendency to excess of dry

matter and total sugar in the fruit compared to the standard within the error

of the experiment. The content of vitamin C in line Lada x Antey (AA)

exceeded standard’s, from which it is a derivative of 35.6 mg/100 g within

the error of the experiment, this line had a clear tendency to increase dry

matter content in fruits (9.9 %) compared with the standard’s line (7.65 %).

High yields of dry matter (8.49 %) and vitamin C (143 mg/100 g)

distinguished line Veleten (AA), which is within the error of the

experiment was a clear upward trend of these two parameters in

comparison with the Veleten cultivar.

Conclusions. As part of research to develop accelerated methods of

genetic selection and stabilization of sweet pepper samples analyzed

biometric indicators of fruit ripeness in the phase of biological origin 7

apomictic lines 4 quantitative traits «Diameter of fruit», «Length of fruit»,

«Thickness of pericarp», «Weight of fruit». In apomictic lines variations

of parameter «Coefficient of variation» on the basis «Diameter of fruit»

was 5.67-20.6 %, on basis «Length of fruit» – 5.88-32.3 %, on basis

«Thickness of pericarp» – 17.3-28.7 %, on basis «Weight of fruit» – 14.6-

31.9 %. Compared to standard grades variations of less than 4 parameters

studied were apomictic lines derived from Svitlyachok cultivar and Veleten

cultivar. For complex biochemical indicators observed line Valyusha (AA)

and line Valyusha (A) that exceeded Valyusha cultivar for vitamin C in

fruit 42.6 mg/100 g, line Lada x Antey (AA) exceeded the standard’s line

35.6 mg/100 g.

Bibliography.

1. Kuraksa N. P. Rid perets (Capsicum Tourn.) / N. P. Kuraksa,

А. V. Меlnyk // Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh і bashtannykh

kultur. – Kh., 2001. – S. 287-300.

2. Totskyy V. М. Genetykа / V. М. Totskyy. – Оdessа : Аgroprint,

2002. – 712 s.

3. Asker S. E. Apomixis in plants / S. E. Asker, L. Jerling. – Boca

Raton : CRC Press, 1992. – 298 p.

4. Naumova T. N. Aposporiya. Diplosporiya. Ultrastrukturnye

aspekty apomiksisa / Т. N. Naumovа // Embriologiya tsvetkovykh rasteniy.

Terminologiya I kontseptsii. Тоm 3 / [Pod red. T. B. Batyginoy]. – S.-P. :

Mir I semya, 2000. – S. 146-192.

5. Patent na korysnu model. Ukrainа. МPК (2013.01) A01H 4/00.

Sposib stymulyatsii rosru nezaplidnenykh nasinnevykh zarodkiv pertsyu

solodkogo (Capsicum spec. L.) dlya oderzhannya apomiktychnogo

nasinnya / [Kuraksa N. P., Krutko R. V., Kondratenko S. І., Pylypenko L.

P., Gart O. Yu., Kornienko S. І.]. – № 83962; Zayavl. 18.03.2013; Оpubl.

10.10.2013, Byul. № 19.

6. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po izucheniyu I podderzhaniyu

mirovoy kollektsii ovoshchnykh paslenovykh (tomaty, pertsy, baklazhany).

– L., 1977. – 24 s.

7. Mezhdunarodnyy klassifikator SEV vidа Capsicum annuum L. –

L., 1986. – 40 s.


М. : Коlos, 1985. – 351 s.

О.Ю. Гарт, Н.П. Куракса, С.И. Кондратенко

Биометрические и биохимические показатели плодов

селекционно-ценных образцов перца сладкого при условиях полового

и смешанного апомиктически-полового размножения.

Резюме. Статья посвящена важному вопросу: разработке

способа ускоренной генетической стабилизации селекционно-ценных

генотипов перца сладкого на основе метода индуцированного

апомиксиса. Проведен анализ биометрических и биохимических

показателей плодов в фазе биологической спелости 7 линий

апомиктического происхождения. Определен размах варьирования

этих признаков у линий сравнительно с сортами, от которых они

производные при условиях, что процедура апомиктического

размножения к ним не применилась в течение последних 2-х лет, а их

размножение за отмеченный период проводилось при стандартных

условиях – путем факультативного опыления растений в пределах

линейных популяций.

О.Ю. Гарт, Н.П. Куракса, С.І. Кондратенко

Біометричні та біохімічні показники плодів селекційно-цінних

зразків перцю солодкого за умов статевого та змішаного

апоміктичностатевого розмноження.

Резюме. Стаття присвячена важливому питанню: розробці

способу прискореної генетичної стабілізації селекційно-цінних

генотипів перцю солодкого на основі методу індукованого

апоміксису. Проведено аналіз біометричних та біохімічних показників

плодів у фазі біологічної стиглості 7 ліній апоміктичного походження.

Визначено розмах варіювання цих ознак у ліній порівняно із сортами,

від яких вони похідні за умов, що процедура апоміктичного

розмноження до них не застосувалася протягом останніх 2-х років, а їх

розмноження за означений період проводилося за стандартних умов –

шляхом факультативного запилення рослин в межах лінійних

популяцій.


UDC: 635.341;631.82

V.U. Goncharenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,

V.I. Mykhailyn, Sciences Researcher,

A.V. Kutz, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences,

T.V. Paramonovа, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences


EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF

MAJOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND

PRODUCTIVITY OF RED CABBAGE

The influence of fertilizers on the activity of peroxidase and

chlorophyll content of A and B in leaves Red cabbage, net photosynthetic

performance and productivity. In the application of fertilizers and locally

scattered N120P120K90 and N45P45K30 with additional 'Nutrivant plus oil' is

marked the most positive impact on the intensity of the flow of biological

processes in plants got Red cabbage and productivity.

Keywords: fertilizer, red cabbage, productivity, chlorophyll, activity

of peroxidase, net photosynthetic productivity.

Introduction. Power of plants are the result of the whole metabolism,

which in some way balanced processes of organic matter and its spending

on growth, respiration and other vital processes that go with the flow of

energy. The initial step in a complex sequence of reactions that provide

accumulation of organic matter is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis – the

process of formation of organic matter (carbohydrates) plants with carbon

dioxide atmosphere and ground water with the assistance of solar radiation.

The intensity of the processes of photosynthesis depends on the degree of

accumulation of organic matter in the plant, which affects the productivity

of agricultural crops [1]. The results of the study of technological measures

cabbage growing in intensity processes of photosynthesis, accumulation of

chlorophyll and other pigments are given in T. V. Lizgunova [2].

The purpose of research is to investigate the impact of fertilizers on

© Goncharenko V.Yu., Mykhaylyn V.I., Kuts O.V., Paramonovа T.V., 2014.

productivity and intensity of the flow of basic biological processes in plants

of red cabbage, for example, activity of peroxidase, net photosynthetic

performance and chlorophyll A and B in leaves.

The method of researches. Research conducted on typical black soil

in terms of the Left-bank in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine for 2009-2011

years in laboratory of Agricultural chemistry and analytical measurements

at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS. Control (no fertilizer),

N90P90K60 (randomly) – standard, N120P120K90(randomly), N45P45K30

(locally), N22.5P22.5K15(locally), N45P45K30 (locally) + foliar feeding complex

micronutrient fertilizers “Nutrivant plyus oliynyy” 2 kg/ha in 3 terms

(phase “3-5 real leaf”, “formation of rosettes” and “formation of cabbage-

head”), N45P45K30 (locally) + foliar feeding complex micronutrient

fertilizers-promoters of "Raykat" 400 ml/ha: "Raykat rist», «Raykat»,

«Raykat dozrivannya" (according to the phase of "3-5 real leaf" the

formation of rosettes and cabbage-head formation) and EM-technology

(tillage prior to seeding, seed treatment, three foliar feeding in phases “3-5

real leaf”, "formation of rosettes” and “formation of the head of cabbage").

Total area – 29,4 m2 (7x4,2), the accounting area – 18,2 m

2 (6,5x2,8),

repetition of quadruple.

Activity of peroxidase was determined by the method V.V. Polevoy

[3], the content of chlorophyll A and B – calorimetrically with acetone

extraction [4], the net photosynthetic productivity calculated by the formula

Williams and Watson [1].

Technological methods of cultivation Red cabbage for food purposes

generally for left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine under irrigation (sprinkler).

Variety of red cabbage is Paleta.

The results of researches. During the years of research (2009-2011

years) Studied the effect of fertilizers on chlorophyll content in leaves of

red cabbage (Table. 1). Chlorophyll is divided into types A, B, C, D

chemical structure. The most important is for cabbage chlorophyll type A

and type B. Chlorophyll B contains one more oxygen atom and two

hydrogen atoms less than A. Different types of fertilizers differently

influenced the content of chlorophyll A and B. Group A was increased in

areas with large number nonadjacent N120P120K90 fertilizers (13.79 mg/kg),

locally N45P45K30 (15.67 mg/kg) and with additional micronutrients

"Nutrivant plus oil" in the background making local N45P45K30

(13.70 mg/kg) and option of using EM technology (14.72 mg/kg) in the

control variant without fertilizers (8.73 mg/kg). Positive affect of fertilizing

the content of chlorophyll was 6.60 to 11.83 mg/kg, in control 5.74 mg/kg.

Increasing the number of chlorophyll helped local fertilizing N45P45K30 –

8.87 mg/kg, with additional N45P45K30 "Nutrivant plyus oliynyy" –

8.84 mg/kg, with the introduction of stimulants N45P45K30 firm "Raykat" –

11.73 mg/kg and in the application of microorganisms EM technology –

8.37 mg/kg.

The total content of chlorophyll A + B on years of research from

2009 to 2011 was the best in versions: N120P120K90(randomly) –

21.69 mg/kg, N45P45K30 (locally) – 24.54 mg/kg, N45P45K30 (locally) +

"Nutrivant plyus oliynyy" – 22.48 mg/kg, N45P45K30 (locally) +"Raykat" –

24,69 mg/kg EM technology– 23,09 mg/kg. These options are significantly

higher than the control variant without of fertilizers – 14.47 mg/kg.

During the (mass formation head – head formation) version of

fertilizers showed higher net photosynthetic productivity of plants cabbage

(Fig. 1). This indicator is significantly increased relative to the background

option, where net photosynthesis productivity was 0.46 g/m2 per day, using

"Nutrivant plus oil" (to 1.81 g/m2 per day) EM-technology (to 1.46 g/m

2

per day).

During the (head formation – active growth heads) better

performance relative to control (to 1.82 g/m2 per day) showed variations

making randomly N120P120K90 (to 2.59 g/m2 per day) and locally N45P45K30

+ "Nutrivant plyus oliynyy" (up to 2.54 g/m2 per day). The use of fertilizers

positive effect on increasing the area of leaf surface Red cabbage and

indication is the fact that net photosynthetic productivity of plants.

Peroxidase enzyme belongs to a group of oxidoreductases and

decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. In plants hydrogen

peroxide formed in the reaction of atomic oxygen with water. One of the

main processes resulting in the formation of atomic oxygen is

photosynthesis. So through peroxidase activity we can judge the activity of

photosynthetic activity of plants.

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

1-2 phasa 2-3 phasa

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Fig. 1. Effect of fertilizers on the net productivity of photosynthesis of

red cabbage, g/m2 per day (2009-2011 years)

1. control (without fertilizers); 2. N90P90K60 (randomly); 3. N120P120K90 (randomly); 4. N45P45K30 (local); 5. N 22,5 P 22,5 K15 (local);

6. N45P45K30 (locally) + "Nutrivant plyus oliynyy"; 7. N45P45K30 (locally) + "Raykat"; 8. EM-technology

Fertilizer had a positive effect on the change in the activity of

enzyme systems in of red cabbage leaves (Table 2). In phase "formation

head" peroxidase activity was higher compared with controls

(352.9 mmol/g·s) on all versions (370.8-394.3 mmol/g·c), except

N22,5P22,5K15 (locally) and N45P45K30 (locally) + "Raykat", which was not

significantly different from control. In the phase of "active growing of

head" peroxidase activity increases. In embodiments N120P120K90

(randomly) this figure is 481.9 mmol/g·c, using N45P45K30 (locally) –

471.6 mmol/g·c, N45P45K30 (locally) + "Raykat" – 477.5 mmol/g·c with in

peroxidase activity at the test version 442.6 mmol/g·c.

1. – Dependence of chlorophyll content in leaves of red cabbage from fertilizers, 2009-2011 years

Chlorophyll A, mg/kg Chlorophyll B, mg/kg Chlorophyll A + B, mg/kg Fertilizers

2009 2010 2011 average 2009 2010 2011 average 2009 2010 2011 average

1.Control (without

fertilizer) 8,41 9,03 8,74 8,73 5,64 5,71 5,87 5,74 14,06 14,74 14,61 14,47

2.N90Р90К60

(randomly) 11,42 11,62 11,23 11,42 6,60 6,52 6,68 6,60 18,01 18,14 17,91 18,02

3.N120Р120К90

(randomly) 13,46 13,87 14,03 13,79 7,78 7,93 8,01 7,91 21,24 21,80 22,04 21,69

4. N45Р45К30

(locally) 15,41 15,73 15,88 15,67 8,73 8,87 9,00 8,87 24,13 24,60 24,88 24,54

5.N22,5Р22,5К15

(locally) 11,66 11,83 12,01 11,83 7,65 7,48 7,92 7,68 19,30 19,31 19,93 19,51

6. N45Р45К30

(locally) +

“Nutrivant plyus

oliynyy"

13,55 13,67 13,88 13,70 8,76 8,92 8,85 8,84 22,13 22,59 22,73 22,48

7. N45Р45К30

(locally) + “Raykat” 12,83 12,95 13,07 12,95 11,59 11,74 11,87 11,73 24,43 24,69 24,94 24,69

8 EM technology 14,73 14,51 14,92 14,72 8,25 8,37 8,48 8,37 22,99 22,88 23,40 23,09

SSD0,95 0,92 0,98 1,1 0,53 0,61 0,58 1,28 1,33 1,24

2. – Activity of peroxidase in leaves of red cabbage, mmol/g in seconds (2009-2011 years)

Activity of peroxidase, mmol/g in seconds.

phase "formation of head" phase "active growing of head" phase "technical maturity" Fertilizers

09 10 11 average 09 10 11 average 09 10 11 average

1.Control

(without

fertilizer)

379,7 457,9 321,2 386,2 389,4 467,7 470,7 442,6 252,5 330,7 302,9 295,4

2.N90Р90К60

(randomly) 300,1 378,3 380,5 3530 277,6 355,8 3840 339,1 365,7 444, 462,0 423,9

3.N120Р120К90

(randomly) 285,1 363,3 334,5 327,6 267,7 345,9 392,1 335,2 368,5 446,7 454,7 423,3

4. N45Р45К30

(locally) 261,7 339,9 316,9 306,1 433,4 511,7 469,7 471,6 266,9 345,2 323,2 311,8

5. N22,5Р22,5К15

(locally) 238,3 316,5 317,7 290,8 428,7 506,9 439,1 458,2 257,8 336,0 324,2 306,0

6. N45Р45К30

(locally) +

“Nutrivant”

307,1 385,3 375,5 356,0 291,7 370,0 412,9 358,2 282,9 361,1 388,1 344,0

7. N45Р45К30

(locally) +

“Raykat”

265,7 343,9 336,9 315,5 369,3 447,5 415,7 410,8 308,7 386,9 390,5 362,0

8 EM-

technology 422,6 500,9 488,9 470,8 334,2 412,4 409,5 385,3 252,6 330,8 314,1 299,1

SSD0,95 18,3 19,7 18,5 17,2 18,4 19,2 16,8 18,5 17,3

In the phase of "technical maturity" increased activity of peroxidase

in variants spreading it N120Р120К90 (456.6 mmol/g·c). Local application of

fertilizers are N45Р45К30 (445.1 mmol/g·c) and micronutrients fertilization

"Nutrivant plyus oliynyy" (444.0 mmol/g·c) and fertilizers, stimulators

"Raykat" (458.0 mmol/g·c).

3. – Dependence of red cabbage productivity of fertilizers,

average of 2009-2011 years

The total yield, t/ha The yield of marketability, t/ha

Fertilizers

09 10 11

aver

age

Incr

ease

, t/

ha

09 10 11

aver

age

Incr

ease

, t/

ha

mar

ket

able

pro

du

cts

%

1. Control

(without

fertilizer)

29,0 29,6 27,4 28,7 – 27,3 27,7 24,0 26,4 – 91,9

2.N90Р90К60

(randomly) 33,9 36,8 33,6 34,8 6,1 31,8 34,7 31,2 32,6 6,2 93,7

3.N120Р120К90

(randomly) 33,7 39,7 36,2 36,5 7,8 31,3 37,8 35,3 34,8 8,4 95,3

4.N45Р45К30

(locally) 34,2 38,0 31,2 34,5 5,8 31,6 36,2 28,8 32,2 5,8 93,4

5.N22,5Р22,5К15

(locally) 35,6 34,9 30,3 33,6 4,9 33,2 33,1 26,9 31,1 4,7 92,5

6.N45Р45К30

(locally) +

“Nutrivant

plyus

oliynyy"

35,9 37,6 35,0 36,2 7,5 33,5 35,7 32,2 33,8 7,4 93,5

7.N45Р45К30

(locally) +

“Raykat”

33,7 34,4 31,5 33,2 4,5 31,5 32,5 28,6 30,9 4,5 93,0

8 EM-

technology 35,9 36,5 28,2 33,5 4,8 34,0 34,6 23,6 30,7 4,3 91,6

SSD0,95 2,7 6,4 3,2 3,1 2,7 6,4 3,4 4,0

That is different types of fertilizers and their way of making changes

affect activity of peroxidase in different phases of plant development. The

increase in activity of peroxidase was observed for most fertilizing

randomly N120Р120К90 and at joint application N45Р45К30 (locally) + foliar

feeding "Nutrivant plyus oliynyy".

In terms of the total yield (Table 3) increases in the use of fertilizers

and EM-preparations ranged between 4,5-7,8 t/ha with the yield on the

index version 27.4 t/ha. The highest yield was a variant using N120Р120К90

(randomly) (36.5 t/ha) and N45Р45К30 (locally) + "Nutrivant plyus oliynyy"

(35 t/ha) other options were significantly lower for them. Variants with

minimal fertilizer N22.5Р22.5К15 (locally) and EM technology were not

significantly different from the control without fertilizer.

The yield of marketable products also increased from fertilizing

within 4.3-8.4 t/ha at red cabbage productivity control of 26.4 t/ha. The

highest level of productivity marketable products obtained by making

N120Р120К90 (randomly) (37.8 t/ha) and N45Р45К30 (locally) (36.2 t/ha).

Marketability of heads of cabbage in the experiment ranged from 91-

95 % and did not depend fertilizing.

The yield of standard products when making fertilizer also

significantly increased and ranged 17.7-29.5 t/ha (control is 17.7 t/ha). The

highest level productivity standard products Red cabbage is marked in

making N120Р120К90 (randomly), N45Р45К30 (locally) + "Nutrivant plyus

oliynyy"; to gain control of the 8.0 t/ha.

Due to the fact that the temperature and moisture conditions were

satisfactory for the development of red cabbage fertilized fully did not

affect the growth and development of plants, which explains the lack of

significant differences between the various versions of fertilization and

microbiological agents.

Within three years of research the best options for yield were

N120Р120К90 (randomly) (36.5 t/ha), N45Р45К30 (locally) + "Nutrivant plyus

oliynyy" (36.2 t/ha), with the average yield on the control (28.7 t/ha). The

best result showed option with the introduction of trace elements

"Nutrivant" in rainless 2009 year but in rainier 2010 years and 2011with

the option N120Р120К90 (randomly). Using optimization of mineral plant

nutrition systems "biological" agriculture (EM-technology) helped increase

the productivity of marketable cabbage production of 4.3 t/ha or 16.3 %.

Conclusions. The use of fertilizers has a positive effect on net

photosynthesis productivity, activity of peroxidase and contents of

chlorophyll A and B, which increases the yield of red cabbage Paleta. The

best variants on years of research (2009-2011) were N120Р120К90 randomly

and N45Р45К30 locally with additional "Nutrivant plyus oliynyy", which is

recommended for the production of red cabbage.

Bibliography.

1. Nichiporovich А. А. О formirovanii I produktivnosti

fotosinteticheskogo apparata razlichnykh kulturnykh rasteniy v techenii

vegetatsyonnogo perioda / А. А. Nichiporovich, М. P. Vlasova //

Fiziologiya rasteniy. – 1961. – Т. 8, № 1. – S. 56-61.

2. Lizgunova T. V. Fotosintez I soderzhanie osnovnykh pigmentov v

listyakh nekotorykh sortov kachannoy, savoyskoy I listovoy kapusty /

T. V. Lizgunova // Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike I selektsii. –

1974. – Т.51. – Vyp. 3 – S. 56-61.

3. Polevoy V. V. Fiziologiya rasteniy / V. V. Polevoy. – М. :

Vysshaya shkolа, 1989. – 464 s.

4. Ermakov A. I. Metody biokhimicheskogo issledovaniya rasteniy /

А. I. Ermakov – L. : Аgropromizdat, 1972. – S. 107-109.

В.Е. Гончаренко, В.И. Михайлин, А.В. Куц, Т.В. Парамонова

Влияние удобрений на протекание основных биологических

процессов и продуктивность капусты краснокочанной.

Резюме. Освещено влияние удобрений на активность

пероксидазы и содержание хлорофилла А и В в листьях капусты

краснокочанной, чистую продуктивность фотосинтеза и урожайность.

При применении удобрений вразброс N120Р120К90 и локально N45Р45К30

с подкормкой «Нутривант плюс масличный» отмечался наиболее

положительное влияние на интенсивность протекания биологических

процессов в растениях капусты краснокочанной и роста

производительности.

В.Ю. Гончаренко, В.І. Михайлин, О.В. Куц, Т.В. Парамонова

Вплив добрив на протікання основних біологічних процесів і

продуктивність капусти червоноголової.

Резюме. Висвітлено вплив добрив на активність пероксидази та

вміст хлорофілу А і В у листках капусти червоноголової, чисту

продуктивність фотосинтезу та урожайність. При застосуванні добрив

врозкид N120Р120К90 і локально N45Р45К30 з підживленням «Нутрівант

плюс олійний» відмічався найбільш позитивний вплив на

інтенсивність протікання біологічних процесів в рослинах капусти

червоноголової та зростання продуктивності.


UDC: 631.095:635.342

V.E. Goncharenko, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Рrofessor,

L.A. Terekhina, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences

A.F. Mozgovsky, Junior Researcher


IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER SYSTEM OF LATE

CABBAGE ON THE BIOMETRICS OF PLANT

The article already mentioned positive impact on biometric

parameters of cabbage (plant height, diameter plug and head, the average

weight of marketable heads) after the joint application of organic and

mineral fertilizers and alternative power systems optimization of plowing

straw and green manure, holding foliar feedings brown Kristalon

background making N60P60K45.

Keywords: Late cabbage, mineral fertilizers, brown Kristalon,

microbiological preparations, green manure.

Introduction. During the last 5 years of intensive cultivation of

economically profitable crops like as sunflower and rapeseed has led to a

sharp increase in the negative balance of humus and main nutrients (NPK)

in soil [1]. In this context, special importance has become

recommendations about using straw and growing green manure crops that

are valuable both forage and as an organic fertilizer. Adding straw with

green manure promotes activation of biological processes in the soil,

improves the provision of plant available forms of nitrogen, and creates

better conditions for yield formation [2].

In organic farming recently widely used EM-technology – a system

of farming using effective microorganisms (EM). EM drugs have growth

stimulating and fungicidal properties due to the ability to actively capture

nutrients and convert them into a form available to plants; allocate

fungicidal substances that inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic

microorganisms [3].

© Goncharenko V.E., Terekhina L.A., Mozgovskiy A.F., 2014.

Modern science has a sufficient amount of general information on

raising crop yields due to different land improvement measures, the main is

fertilization. However, the lack of trace elements in the soil makes it

impossible to obtain consistently high yields using only makrofertilizers.

So, one of the methods of increasing crop yields is a complex

application of macro- and micronutrients, as in our case brown Kristalon.

This water-soluble complex fertilizer which is balanced by the ratio of

macro- and micronutrients based on chelate, contains no chlorine. Already

used in intensive cultivation technologies late cabbage for foliar application

to improve productivity and quality of the resulting product [4].

The methodology of the research. Scientific studies already

conducted in the laboratory of agricultural chemistry and analytical

measurements at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS during

2010-2013 years according to conventional methods in agricultural

chemistry and vegetable [5]. Soil research area is low humus chernozem

typical heavy loam (humus content – 4.3 %, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen –

12.6 mg/kg dry soil, mobile phosphorus – 10.6-11.9 mg, exchangeable

potassium – 16.7-18.0 mg/100 g of soil).

The late cabbage has grown under conditions of sprinkler irrigation

method (950-1100 m3/ha) without seedling method. It was a variety Lesya.

The predecessor was spring barley.

The scheme of the experiment included 12 options: 1) control (no

fertilizer); 2) N120P120K90 (standard); 3) manure (20 t/ha) + N60P60K45

(standard); 4) plowing straw + N40 (background) + N60P60K45; 5)

background + N60P60K45 + no root feeding three terms of brown Kristalon;

6) background + oil radish green manure plowing + N60P60K45; 7)

background + wiki plowing sowing; 8) background + plowing sowing

vetch + N60P60K45; 9) background + plowing sowing vetch + N120P60K45;

10) background + plowing sowing vetch + N60P60K45 + brown Kristalon;

11) straw plowing and sowing vetch + using microbial drug Baikal EM-1U;

12) straw plowing and sowing wiki with handling their destructors stubble

Fitotsyd-r + application of microbial drug Azotofit-r.

Mineral and organic fertilizers (reference 1 and 2) already made by

the method of spreading the cabbage in the fall. Barley straw has earned the

soil disking 2 tracks of simultaneous application of a small amount of

ammonium nitrate for decomposition of plant residues by microorganisms.

Oil radish is a green manure crop and wiki already sown in the background

at the end of summer; prior to disking already made fertilizers (N60P60K45

and N120P60K45) in late of october. Complex fertilizer brown Kristalon has

used as a root out of fertilizing plants in three periods: a formation of 5-6

leaves, and the formation rosette of leaves and formation of head of late

cabbage. A microbial preparation Baikal EM-1U has treated straw and

green manure before wrapping in autumn, seeds before sowing and used

three basal dressing. Microbial preparations Fitotsyd-r also had been treated

straw and green manure before disking. Azotofit-r already cultivated of

seeds of cabbage before sowing and basal fueled plants in three terms.

The results of experiments. The use of alternative systems optimize

power has a positive effect on plant biometric parameters of late cabbage

(tab. 1).

On average for the 2011-2013 years high values of plant height of

cabbage makes making 20 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 (28.9 cm), holding

foliar feedings of brown Kristalon as the use of green manures, and without

them, as well as plowing straw and green manure radish oil (28.5 cm).

Plant height cabbage without the use of fertilizers has reached 26.2 cm.

It was found that the index option diameter rosette of leaves was 57.9

cm. Note that when using N120P120K90, manure + N60P60K45, plowing straw

+ N40 + N60P60K45 and plowing straw + N40 + vetch crop of cabbage outlet

diameter increased relative to the control is not essential.

Positive effect on the diameter of the rosette of leaves provides

plowing straw with N40 and vetch seeding for the use N60-120P60K45, brown

Kristalon, microbial agents. For these systems optimize power outlet

diameter of cabbage significantly higher than for 3.9-5.9 cm version

without fertilizers with 57.9 cm diameter outlet.

At the height of cabbage stumps fertilization and microbial

preparations plowing green manure were not significantly affected; the

value index ranged between 9.7-11.4 cm (under control – 10.8 cm).

The best positive effect on the diameter of the head of cabbage noted

in variants using brown Kristalon straw on a background of green manure

wiki sowing and simultaneously recharge N60P60K45 – 22,0 cm, while the

index variation observed at the level of head diameter of 20.1 cm. The

index of remaining options ranged from 20.6 cm to 21.9 cm.

In studies has been found that the use of alternative systems optimize

power has a positive effect on the average weight of marketable heads.

Thus, control of the mass of marketable heads already reached 938 g, using

various types of fertilizers, green manures and microbial preparations –

1125-1443 g high average weight of marketable cabbage heads provide for

foliar feedings of brown Kristalon than making N60P60K45, and in the

background plowing vetch sowing (1360 g and 1443 g, respectively), the

use of organo-mineral fertilizer system (1370 g). When using microbial

preparations (Baikal EM-1U – 1125 g, Azotofit-r and Fitotsyd-r).

Conclusions. In terms of the Left-bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

the use of organo-mineral fertilizer system (20 t/ha manure + N60P60K45)

and combined plowing straw and green manure vetch seeding for the foliar

feedings brown Kristalon causes the formation of late cabbage with high

biometric parameters (plant height, diameter plug and the head, the average

weight of marketable heads).

Bibliography.

1. Derzhavin L. M. Primenenie udobreniy v intensivnom zemledelii.

Sovremennoe razvitie nauchnykh idey D. N. Pryanishnikova. – M. : Nauka,

1991. – 195 s.

2. Rakhmetov D. Sideraty – udobreniya I bortsy s sornyakami /

D. Rakhmetov // Zerno. – 2012. – № 10 (79). – S. 48-57.

3. Bolokhovskaya V. Biopreparaty – vygodno I effektivno /

V. Bolokhovskaya // Ovoshchevodstvo. – 2012. – № 4. – S. 21-23.

4. Belyy V. Kristalony – unikalnoe udobrenie / V. Beluy // Krymskie

izvestiya. – 2006. – № 177 (3651). – S. 12-13.

5. Metodika opytnogo dela v ovoshchevodstve I bakhchevodstve /

[Pod red. V. F. Belika]. – М. : Agropromizdat, 1992. – 319 s.

1. – Effect of green manures on biometric properties of late cabbage,

the average for 2011-2013 years

№

Variant

Height

of

plant,

cm

The

diameter

of the

rosette of

leaves,

cm

Height

of

cabbage

stumps,

cm

The

diameter

of the

head, сm

The

average

weight of

marketable

heads, g

1 Control (no fertilizer) 26,2 57,9 10,8 20,1 938

2 N120P120K90 (standard 1) 28,0 56,5 10,6 21,1 1283

3 Manure+N60P60K45 (standard

2) 28,9 58,2 11,1 21,7 1370

4 Straw+N40+N60P60K45 28,1 58,6 9,7 20,6 1275

5 Straw+N40+N60P60K45+brown

Kristalon 28,5 61,8 10,6 21,5 1360

6 Straw+N40+oil

radish+N60P60K45 28,5 63,2 11,3 21,4 1308

7 Straw+N40+wiki sowing 27,5 58,7 10,5 21,9 1088

8 Straw+N40+wiki

sowing+N60P60K45 28,3 63,8 10,9 21,3 1303

9 Straw+N40+wiki

sowing+N120P60K45 27,9 63,7 10,1 21,5 1285

10

Straw+N40+wiki

sowing+N60P60K45+brown

Kristalon

28,5 64,7 9,8 22,0 1443

11 Straw+wiki sowing+Baikal

EM-1U 27,9 62,5 11,4 21,6 1125

12 Straw+wiki sowing+Fitotsyd-

r+Azotofit-r 27,1 62,6 11,1 20,4 1175

2011 2,3 3,1 1,4 1,0 98

2012 1,8 3,3 0,8 1,1 104 SSD0,05

2013 1,01 2,5 1,0 0,9 80

В.Ю. Гончаренко, Л.А. Терехина

Влияние альтернативной си

белокочанной позднеспелой на биомет

Резюме. В статье отмечено

биометрические параметры растений

растений, диаметр розетки и голо

головки) совместного внесения о

удобрений, использования альтерн

питания с запашкой соломы и сиде

подкормок Кристалоном коричневым

В.Ю. Гончаренко, Л.А. Терьохін

Вплив альтернативної системи

пізньостиглої на біометричні показник

Резюме. В статті зазначено по

параметри рослин капусти білогол

розетки та головки, середня маса

внесення органічних і мінеральн

альтернативних систем оптимізації ж

та сидератів, проведення позакорен

коричневим по фону внесення N60P60K

ISSN 0131-0062. Vegetable and melon

UDC: 635.1/.7:635.25:631.165

І.М. Gordienko, Candidate

V.Yu. Goncharenko, Doctor

S.М. Datsenkо, Senio

O.M. Bilenka, Candidate o

Institute of Vegetables an

V.А. Koltunov, Doctor of Agr

Kyiv National University of

QUALITY OF HARVEST ONIO

DEPENDING ON THE

The results have been integrate

commodity characteristics of acute grad

the size-weight parameters of bulbs

determine the quality of the product.

Keywords: onion, variety, crop s

bulb weight, survival.

Introduction. In general, comple

improving the quality and safety of v

belongs to the class [1]. To date, the Stat

for distribution in Ukraine recorded 13

both domestic and foreign selection [2].

quality, keeping quality.

Th lit f i hi h i l

The aim of research. Rate the qua

the complex biochemical and organolept

view to determining the optimum quality

force.

The method of researches. The s

2013 years. In a creative collaboration w

biennial plants of IVM of NAAS. In

recognized varieties of onion Lyubch

evaluated the yield of onion weight bul

onions were separated into fractions diam

intervals of 1 cm), kept in onion reposito

class on how State cultivar crops [4]

scientific and reasonable indicators of qu

vegetables [5]. Quality bulbs for indica

determined using generally accepted stan

laboratory of the Institute of Vege

(accreditation certificate № 100-266 / 20

Statistical analysis of experiment

program Excel and Statistical, methods o

The results of researches. The y

average stood at 37.7 t/ha. Analysis of th

bulk of the standard bulbs that are typic

Lyubchik 89.2 %. The quality of onion

standard bulbs (10.8 %), including: unde

3.0 cm (7.0 %), mechanical damage (

(0.6 %), affected by diseases (2.3 %).

In the 2011 harvest bulk bulbs wer

follicles with a diameter of 4.0-4.5 cm w

cm – 17 7 %; in 2013 harvests 3 5-4 0 c

1. – The structure of the onion crop varieties Lyubchik depending on the diameter of the bulb

2011 year 2013 year

Number of bulbs Weight of bulbs Number of bulbs Weight of bulbs Diameter of

bulbs, cm pcs.

% of the

total

number

г

% of the

total

number

pcs.

% of the

total

number

г % of the

total number

Up to 3.0 7,8 17,7 171,2 5,3 21,2 34,8 329,5 12,6

3.0 – 3.5 6,7 15,3 331,3 10,3 16,8 27,5 812,0 31,1

3.5 – 4.0 8,2 18,6 515,0 16,0 18,0 29,5 913,8 35,0

4.0 – 4.5 7,2 16,4 557,5 17,4 3,0 4,9 289,8 11,1

4.5 – 5.0 6,0 13,6 580,0 18,1 2,0 3,3 266,0 10,2

5.0 – 5.5 4,3 9,8 510,0 15,9 - - - -

5.5 – 6.0 3,0 6,8 383,7 11,9 - - - -

more than 6,0 0,8 1,8 162,5 5,1 - - - -

Standard bulbs 36,2 82,3 3040,0 94,7 39,8 65,2 2281,6 87,4

Substandard

bulbs 7,8 17,7 171,2 5,3 21,2 34,8 329,5 12,6

2. – Weight of bulb onion varieties Lyubchik depending on the diameter of the bulb

2011 year 2013 year

Diameter of

bulbs, cm A

ver

age

dia

met

er o

f

bu

lbs,

cm

Aver

age

length

of

bulb

s, c

m

The

aver

age

wei

ght o

f bulb

s, g

Diameter of

bulbs, cm

Av

erag

e

dia

met

er o

f

bu

lbs,

cm

Aver

age

length

of

bulb

s, c

m

The

aver

age

wei

ght o

f bulb

s, g

Up to 3.0 2,1 6,1 21,7 Up to 3.0 2,4 8,2 26,8

3.0 – 3.5 2,7 6,9 42,0 3.0 – 3.5 3,2 8,8 53,5

3.5 – 4.0 3,2 8,8 49,3 3.5 – 4.0 3,6 10,2 74,7

4.0 – 4.5 3,7 10,2 84,2 4.0 – 4.5 4,1 11,8 113,6

4.5 – 5.0 4,2 11,3 101,0 4.5 – 5.0 4,7 11,9 139,4

5.0 – 5.5 4,6 12,3 132,0 5.0 – 5.5 - - -

5.5 – 6.0 5,2 12,6 142,0 5.5 – 6.0 - - -

more than 6,0 6,3 12,7 194,3 more than 6,0 - - -

Average

diameter

of

standard

bulbs,

4.3 сm

Average

length of

standard

bulbs,

10.7 cm

The average

weight of

standard

bulbs,

106,4 g

Average

diameter

of

standard

bulbs,

3,9 сm

Average

length of

standard

bulbs,

10,7 сm

The average

weight of

standard

bulbs,

95,3 g

According to the measurement of size-weight characteristics (Table

2), the mass of follicles with a diameter of 3-4 cm ranged from 42 to 74.7 g,

4.5 cm from 84.2 to 139 g, more than 5 cm from 132 to 194 g.

Its transverse diameter standard bulbs grade Lyubchik was – 3.9 and

4.3 cm, meet the acceptable tolerances ISO 3234. Thus the average weight

of bulbs was 97.7 and 105.0 g and length – 95.3 and 10.7 cm.

According to the description for onion varieties Lyubchik is

characteristic elliptical shape (shape index 2.4-2.5). With increasing

diameter bulbs from 3.0 cm to 6.0 cm or more bulbs acquired a shortened

form (shape index varied from 2.3 to 3.1).

Analysis of the chemical composition of commercial bulbs, which

vary in size showed that more dry matter and vitamin C containing small

bulbs, then the average size and the least – large bulbs. Yes, onions with a

diameter of 3 cm to 4 cm of dry matter contained 14.0 %, from 4 cm to 5

cm or more than 5 inches – 13.3-13.1 %, vitamin C 6.01 mg % and

5.60-5.50 mg %, respectively. Sugar also was higher in follicles with a

diameter of 3 to 4 cm – 9.12 %.

Survival onion depends on the size of the bulbs. The greatest loss is

natural onions with a diameter of 3 cm to 4 cm. With increasing diameter

bulbs weight loss decreased. In fractions of onions with a smaller diameter

greater weight loss was due to the greater total evaporating surface. For

example, six months storage of onion weight loss amounted to follicles

with a diameter of 3 cm to 4 cm by 6.2 %, from 4 cm to 5 cm – 5.1 % and a

diameter of 5 cm or more – 4.3 %.

When saving bulbs occur in natural processes: dusugar content

decreased and monosaccharide, by contrast, has increased; total amount of

dry matter decreased.

Conclusions. The structure of the crop of onion varieties Lyubchik

ratio of the standard and non-standard bulbs was on average 89.2 % and 10.

8 % respectively.

Data size-weight characteristics confirming compliance with the

standard requirements of ISO 3234 harvest.

More solids, sugar and vitamin C containing small bulbs, then the

average size and the least are large bulbs.

Mass loss of onion during storage depends on the size of the bulbs.

With increasing diameter bulbs losing weight decreased.

Bibliography.

1. Koltunov V. А. Prognozuvannya zberezhenosti yakosti

prodovolchykh tovariv: navchalnyy posibnuk / V. А. Коltunov. – К. : Кyiv.

nats. tor.-ekonom. un-t, 2002. – 199 s.

2. Reestr sortiv roslyn, prydatnykh do poshyrennya v Ukraini u

2012 r. – К. : Аlefа, 2012.

3. DSTU 3234-95 Tsybulya ripchasta svizha. Tekhnichni umovy.

[Chynnyy vid 1996-07-01]. – К. : Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy, 1996. –

19 s.

4. Metodyka derzhavnogo sortovyvchennya silskogospodarskykh

kultur (kartoplya, ovochevi I bashtanni kultury) / Pid red.

V. V. Vovkodava. – Vyp. 4. – К., 2002. – S. 29-30.

5. Metodyka vstanovlennya naukovo-obgruntovanykh pokaznykiv

yakosti v standartakh na plody I ovochi svizhi. – М., 1974. – 35 s.

6. Dospekhov B. А. Planirovanie polevogo opyta I statisticheskaya

obrabotka ego dannykh. – М. : Коlos, 1978. – 204 s.

И.Н. Гордиенко, В.Е. Гончаренко, С.М. Даценко,

О.Н. Беленькая, В.А Колтунов

Качество лука репчатого сорта Любчик в зависимости от

размера луковиц.

Резюме. Приведены результаты комплексной оценки

хозяйственно-товароведческой характеристики острого сорта лука

репчатого Любчик. Определены размерно-весовые параметры луковиц

и другие показатели, что определяют качество продукции.

І.М. Гордієнко, В.Ю Гончаренко, С.М. Даценко, О.М. Біленька,

В.А. Колтунов

Якість урожаю цибулі ріпчастої сорту Любчик залежно від

розміру цибулин.

Резюме. Наведено результати комплексної оцінки господарсько-

товарознавчої характеристики гострого сорту цибулі ріпчастої

Любчик. Визначено розмірно-вагові параметри цибулин та інші

показники, що визначають якість продукції.

ISSN 0131-0062. Vegetables and melon growing. 2014. Vol. 60

UDC: 635.652/654

T.K. Gorova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,

Academician of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences,

O.Yu. Sayko, Sciences Researcher


VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF

PLANTS FIELD BEAN IN A PHASE OF TECHNICAL MATURITY

OF GREEN BOB

Already deals with the results of studies of morphological

characteristics of mature plants early vegetables field bean in the stage of

technical maturity of green bean and set the source for selection,

depending on weather conditions and genotypes.

Keywords: vegetables bean, technical maturity, green beans, sample,

source, stability, hydrothermal coefficient.

Introduction. Morphotype of plants is the basis for important

agronomic quantitative traits (productivity, yield, quality). From biometric

indicators of morphological characteristics evaluation results depend on the

capacity of any of the plants and the studied sample. Modern intensive

breeding, primarily based on the main factors describe the morphological

characteristics that give a complete picture of the conduct of a selection on

the simulated plant breeding parameters. In recent years goes active search

for combinations of methods of selection for signal morphologically –

approbation features that characterize varieties and allow for their

assessment of the diversity, uniformity and stability. In this case

determined that the variability of morphological characters of field bean is

primarily dependent on the action of the weather conditions (precipitation

and effective temperatures) during the growing period of plant development

and responses to them genotype.

The purpose of research is identify sources that have high

adaptability to the conditions of the plant and stored biometric

morphological characteristics.

Methods of research. Field research conducted in scientific breeding © Gorova T.K., Sayko O.Yu., 2014.

rotation IVM of NAAS (during of 2010-2013 years). In terms of open

ground in the collection and breeding kennels that are placed by

conventional methods [3, 4]. Statistical processing of data carried out by

the method described B.A. Dospekhov [6]. Analyzed 27 varieties of

samples obtained from the seeds I-III reproduction in phase technically ripe

green bean and physiologically ripe seeds. Observations on the early

development of phenophase mature plants of field bean in phase technically

ripe green bean conducted by generally accepted method [5]. Standard was

ripe for the early type of sort – variety Shakhynya.

In conducting our investigations have studied samples was divided in

form stems, maturity groups, where a biometric morphological characters

was conducted observations in phase technically ripe green bean. The study

of morphological parameters collection and selection of samples was

carried out on the basis of phase technically ripe green bean on the basis of

the length and diameter of the stem plants, the number of branches, the

distance to nodes, number of nodes and the number of branches in the node.

It was important to establish the variability of biometric and

morphological characteristics depending on the growing season, which

accounted for an average sum of active temperatures 1000,88 ºC, total

precipitation of 59.7 mm and HTC = 0.60 (Table. 1).

1. – Meteorological conditions researches on vegetation seeding phase –

technically ripe green beans

Statistical signs /

Year of researches

Sum of active

temperatures, ºC

The amount of

precipitation,

mm

HTC

2010 1106,6 65,2 0,59

2011 1062,5 52,0 0,49

2012 820,3 51,9 0,63

2013 1014,1 69,7 0,69

the average 1000,88 59,7 0,60

standard deviation 126,17 9,14 0,08

coefficient of

variation, V% 12,61 15,30 13,97

correlation

coefficient, r -0,40 0,61 1,00

For statistical analysis of variability of length and diameter of the

stem plants mature early designs, varieties of vegetable bean bush type,

depending on the hydrothermal coefficient (the ratio of precipitation to the

sum of active temperatures reduced 10 fold) in the phase technically ripe

green bean shown that the coefficient of variation (V, %) was, according to

the average sum of active temperatures for the period of sowing –

technically ripe green beans – 1000.88, the amount of rainfall and 59.7

HTC = 0.60 to 2.66 to 9.55 %.

The dependence of these samples from HTC correlation coefficient

signs for the length of the stem were direct positive (r = 0,82-0,99), only

sample Bilozerna 361 it reversed r = -0,03 and not high in samples

Shahynya and Ksenya r = 0.46 and 0.36, respectively (Table 2).

2.– Variability of length and diameter of the stem plants early mature

specimens vegetable field bean of bush type stage technically ripe of green

bean

Variety Sample

Statistical

signs Year

Bil

oze

r

na

361

Kse

ny

a

Ukra

in

ka

Sh

akhy

ny

a

Syu

ita

Zir

on

ka

B/n

(05)

B/n

(16)

2010 33,0 41,2 38,4 35,6 39,9 38,0 30,7 42,5

2011 36,2 37,9 37,1 35,0 39,2 36,8 30,0 38,0

2012 35,4 38,8 39,4 37,2 42,0 42,5 31,2 40,0

The length of

the stem, cm 2013 36,0 39,4 39,8 35,5 42,1 45,1 32,2 44,2

the average 35,15 39,3 38,9 35,8 40,8 40,6 31,0 41,2

standard deviation 1,47 1,39 1,20 0,95 1,47 3,88 0,93 2,73

V, % 4,19 3,54 3,11 2,66 3,61 9,55 2,98 6,63

r -0,03 0,36 0,99 0,46 0,92 0,93 0,97 0,82

2010 21,8 25,4 19,4 15,1 14,6 20,5 20,0 20,9

2011 21,8 22,8 19,3 18,0 18,2 21,0 18,0 19,0

2012 24,0 24,1 20,6 19,2 24,5 27,3 22,0 21,1

The diameter

of plants, cm 2013 23,2 23,3 20,2 19,4 23,5 26,5 21,2 21,0

the average 22,70 23,9 19,9 17,9 20,2 23,8 20,3 20,5


coefficient of

variation, V, % 4,80 4,75 3,17 11,1 23,0 14,99 8,57 4,89

correlation coefficient,

r 0,71 0,21 0,76 0,39 0,61 0,78 0,90 0,89

Diameter of plant early mature specimens of vegetable field bean

bush type stage technically ripe green bean by the sum of active

temperatures and precipitation HTC and most varied than the length of the

stem and was V = 3.17-23.00 %. The highest coefficient of variation was in

the suite of samples – 23.0 %, Zironka – 14.89 % and Shahynya – 11.06 %.

As on the basis of the length of the stem and the diameter of all the

samples depends on the weather conditions cultivation of r = 0.69-0.90,

except for samples Ksenya and Shahynya who had correlation coefficient

of HTC r = 0.21 and 0.39 respectively. The best background for the

formation of the stem length and diameter of plants observed in 2012 with

THC = 0.63 and in 2013 – 0.65.

The main parameters for plants in the phase of green bean that affect

their performance, is the number of branches of the first order which

formed the coming harvest. Statistically proven that the number of branches

morphological features most valuable for breeding and production of early

mature samples bush type stage technically ripe green bean depended on

the SCC with a high positive correlation coefficient r = 0.83 in samples

Bilozerna 361 and B/n (16) the remaining samples had low dependence of

HTC on this basis, a sample of standard Shahynya had an inverse

relationship r = -0.53 (Table 3).

The lowest coefficient of variation of the number of branches (V =

0.50 %) exposed to a variety Zironka, (V = 6.79 %) and varieties Syuita,

Shahynya V = 7.70 % sample B/n (16). Slightly branch 1 change depending

on the variety Ukrainka and Shahynya 8-9 in the direction of increasing and

sample B/n (16) 7-8 pieces (Table 3).

So for breeding as sources in the presence of the highest number of

branches should be used early mature varieties of bush type of vegetable in

the stage direction technically ripe green bean Bilozerna 361 (8-10 pcs.)

and Zironka (10 pcs.) and stable on the grounds Zironka, Shahynya,

Ukrainka B/n (16). According to an important feature (distance from the

root to the first node), which is a guarantee of maturity, marked by stable

minimal coefficient of variation sources bush type stage technically ripe

green bean Shahynya – 7.24 % B/n (05) – 5.72 % and B/n (16) – 4.84 %.

However, depending on growing conditions the average HTC = 0.60

for the greatest length of 4.2-5.6 cm had Bilozerna grade 361, 3.7-4.9,

Zironka and 3.8-4.2 B/n (16 ), while the lowest variability inherent

Shahynya samples (V = 7.24 %), B/n (05) V = 5.72 % and B/n (16)

V = 4.85 %.

3. – The variability of the number of branches and the distance to the first node early mature specimens of

vegetable field bean of bush type stage technically ripe green bean

Variety Sample

Statistical signs Year

Bil

oze

r

na

361

Kse

ny

a

Ukra

in

ka

Sh

akh

yny

a

Syu

ita

Zir

on

k

a B/n

(05)

B/n

(16)

2010 8 8 8 8 6 10 6 7

2011 8 9 9 9 8 10 8 7

2012 10 7 8 9 8 9,9 8 8 Number of branches, pcs.

2013 10 9 9 8 8 10 8 8

the average 9,0 8,25 8,50 8,50 7,50 9,98 7,50 7,50


coefficient of variation, V, % 12,83 11,61 6,79 6,79 13,33 0,50 13,33 7,70

correlation coefficient, r 0,83 0,23 -0,16 -0,53 0,08 -0,26 0,08 0,83

2010 5,4 2,5 2,3 4,5 4,3 4,0 3,2 3,8

2011 4,2 4,1 4,3 3,8 3,4 3,7 3,6 4,2

2012 5,6 3,8 4,3 4,0 4,2 4,4 3,4 3,8 Distance to the first node, cm

2013 4,8 2,3 4,4 4,2 3,8 4,5 3,2 4,0

the average 5,0 3,18 3,83 4,13 3,93 4,38 3,35 3,95


coefficient of variation, V, % 12,65 28,56 26,61 7,24 10,8 11,41 5,72 4,85

correlation coefficient, r 0,54 -0,66 0,12 0,46 0,50 0,64 -0,78 -0,55

With the largest number of nodes in the stage of green bean

identified early ripe vegetable samples from 3.8 to 4.8 pcs. Zironka and

which are stable 3.4-3.6 pcs. Bilozerna 361, Ksenya 4.4-4.4, 4.0-4.3

Zironka, 4.1-4.5 B/n (05), 4.2-4.5 pcs. B/n (15). In most samples of this

group reduce the number of units recorded in 2010. Under technically ripe

of green bean conservation of nodes typical of medium ripe grain-sectional

sample B/n (12) 4.0-4.4 pcs., B/n (15) 3.9-4.0, in semi curls seen high

variability of this trait in samples B/n (10) 5.9-11.0 pcs. and B/n (08) 4.7-

10.0 pcs. by decreasing also in 2010. A similar decrease in the number of

units in 2013 was observed in samples climbing B/n (11) 4.7-6.0, B/n (03)

4.7-12.2, B/n (01) 5.0-8.2 pcs. For stability observed in the last varieties to

sample local 9.0-9.5 the decline in the second and third year trial.

So early morphological signs of mature specimens and varieties of

vegetable bean in phase technically ripe green bean bush type of biometric

measurements varied depending on the value of the coefficient

hydrothermal conditions, which was the highest of 0.63; 0.69 in 2012 and

2013, which affected the decrease in the length and diameter of the stem

plants, all mature samples early in 2011 and a rate increase in 2012 and

2013, in addition to stable B/n (05) 30.7-30.0 cm, Syuita 39.9-39.2 and

Shahynya 35.6-35.0 cm – in 2011. The high variability observed in the

diameter of the plant design suite. Inverse correlation length of the stem of

HTC is characteristic for variety Bilozerna 361. Stable basis, the number of

branches, observed in early ripe fruit samples Ukrainka, Shahynya and B/n

(16). Samples B/n (05) and B/n (16) include a low coefficient of variation

for the distance to the first node, the largest number of branches

characterized by early ripe vegetable varieties Zironka of bush type.

Conclusions. For selection of early ripe fruit samples of bush type

phase technically ripe green bean samples selected by length and diameter

of the stem plants Ukrainka, Bilozerna 361, Zironka, Syuita, B/n (16);

medium ripe grain variety Gaydarska; with the deepest branches –

Bilozerna 361 and Zironka; by the distance to the first node – stable:

variety Shahynya, B/n (05), B/n (16) Gaydarska, B/n (08) – semi curly and

frizzy local; for the largest number of nodes – Zironka, Bilozerna 361,

Ksenya, B/n (05), B/n (16).

Bibliography.

1. Minyuk P. М. Fasol / P. M. Minyuk. – Minsk : Uradzhay, 1991. –

92 s.

2. Gorova Т. К. Ovochevi bobovi kultury / Gorovа Т. К.,

Sklyarevskyy М. О. , Melnyk О. V. – К. : Urozhay, 1993. – S. 10-11.



4. Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh kultur / [Pid red.

Gorovoi Т. К. i Yakovenkа К. І.] – Kh. : 2001. – 644 s.

5. Brezhnev D. D. Rukovodstvo po aprobatsii ovochnykh kultur /

D. D. Brezhnev. – М. : Коlos, 1982. – S. 374-395.

6. Dospekhov B. А. Planirovanie polevogo opyta I statisticheskaya

obrabotka dannykh / B. А. Dospekhov. – М. : Agropromizdat, 1982. – 207 s.

Т.К. Горовая, О.Ю. Сайко

Изменчивость морфологических признаков растений фасоли

обыкновенной в фазе технически спелого зелёного боба.

Резюме. Представлены результаты исследований

морфологических признаков раннеспелых растений фасоли

обыкновенной овощной в стадии технически спелого зелёного боба и

установлены источники для селекции в зависимости от погодных

условий и генотипов.

Т.К. Горова, О.Ю. Сайко

Мінливість морфологічних ознак рослин квасолі звичайної у

фазі технічно стиглого зеленого боба.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати досліджень морфологічних

ознак ранньостиглих рослин квасолі звичайної овочевої у стадії

технічно стиглого зеленого боба та встановлено джерела для селекції

залежно погодних умов і генотипів.


UDC: 631.563:628.852:635.82

S.M. Gunko, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

O.O. Trinchuk, Junior Sciences Researcher

Department of Plant selection of vegetable

Institute of Horticulture of NAAS

ESTABLISHED INFLUENCE OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON

BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF MUSHROOMS AGARICUS

BISPORUS AND OYSTER MUSHROOM

The influence has temperature conditions and duration of storage on

biochemical indices of Agaricus bisporus and Oyster mushroom are grown

commercially.

Keywords: mushrooms, champignon bispored, oyster pleurotus,

conditions of storage, time of storage, biochemical indexes.

Introduction. Statistical data UN Food and Agriculture indicate that

the population of our planet's food is a major concern. The main problem is

the lack of protein and its imbalance in the diet of people. In recent decades

there has been a rapid increase in production and consumption of cultivated

edible mushrooms in fresh and processed form [1, 2]. Scientists project that

in the future, much of the necessary human proteins will be satisfied from

the industrial production of edible mushrooms. Today in Europe and the

CIS is one of the leading places among the cultivated mushrooms of

champignon bispored and oyster pleurotus [3-5].

When storing mushrooms quickly lose their marketable quality and

change their biochemical composition of substances, so they should be

stored at low temperatures. The optimum storage temperature for

mushrooms is within 0-2 ° C. In practice, producers and retail chains often

can not provide this mode. Therefore, the aim of our study was to

determine the effect of different storage temperatures on the change in

biochemical indexes champignon bispored and oyster pleurotus.

© Gun'ko S.M., Trynchuk A.A., 2014.

The method of researches. The studies were conducted during 2008-

2011 years. Mushrooms designed to hold grown according to conventional

technology by respective species and strain. In studies using mushrooms of

champignon bispored of strain IBK-25 and oyster pleurotus of strain

NK-35 from the collection of living plants higher edible mushrooms

Institute of botany named after M. G. Xolodnyy of NAS of Ukraine. These

strains are widespread, highly suitable for growing all year round and for

general purposes.

Studies of storage mushrooms of champignon bispored and oyster

pleurotus carried out by "Methodology of research affairs in Vegetables

and Melons" [6] and according to developed and approved for official use

scientific and technical council of Kiev Experimental Station of the

Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS "Research Methodology

research on storage mushrooms" (2001).

Mushrooms stored in four cold rooms КХ-6Ю with a working

volume of 6 m3, which were equipped with electric lighting and appliance

control temperature and humidity.

Storage temperature mushrooms are -1, 1, 3 and 5 °C. Repeated was

four times. Relative humidity in storage chambers was 90 ± 1 %. Control

was a product which was kept at a temperature of 1 °C. Mushrooms stored

for 6 days.

Quality of fruit bodies of mushrooms before storage and after its

completion was performed biochemical analysis of on the content:

- dry substance – thermostat-weight method by drying to constant

weight at a temperature of 105 °C (GOST 28562-90);

- protein nitrogen – for Barshteyn;

- vitamin C – for Murri, GOST 24556-89.

The average sample for analysis was 20 fruiting bodies of average

weight [7].

The results of researches. Based on the literature review and

performed our previous studies for the research it was found maximum

shelf fungi, which provided them with appropriate quality – and 6-day

storage temperature: -1, 1, 3, 5 °C.

Temperature of storage is -1 °C all the fruiting bodies of mushrooms

partially or completely freeze. Obviously, this is due to the high moisture

content (90-93 %) and low content of sugar (about 2 %). The structure of tissue

destroyed and not recovered after thawing products. Fruit bodies were dark,

slippery and soft. These mushrooms are not suitable for sale and therefore this

temperature storage was rejected, as it did not provide good quality products,

and research on changes in biochemical parameters mushrooms of

champignon bispored at this temperature was not performed.

Storage temperature for oyster mushrooms -1 ° C led to their partial

freezing. After thawing of fruiting bodies lose marketable quality but their

flavor properties and structure is not completely lost, obviously due to the

high content of dry substance (9.4-10.3 %), chitin and cell structure. Thus,

although these mushrooms are not suitable for implementation in fresh, but

can be used for processing, so the study of biochemical changes compared

to the storage temperature – 1 °C for oyster mushroom spent.

Storing mushrooms champignon bispored and oyster pleurotus some

changes in their biochemical composition (Table 1-2). The results indicate

that the reduced quantity of dry matter and vitamin C decreases or does not

change the number of protein nitrogen.

Thus, in the fruit bodies of champignon bispored first wave fruiting

1 о

C of dry matter at the beginning of storage was 9.4 % and in the end –

8.9 %, the amount of ascorbic acid – 5.6 and 5.1 mg%, respectively.

Number protein nitrogen remained unchanged and equal 3.0 %. In the same

conditions in mushroom of oyster pleurotus dry matter changed from 10.3

to 9.5 %, the content of ascorbic acid – from 9.8 to 9.0 mg% and protein

nitrogen remained unchanged (3.0 %).

Regularities of changes in biochemical parameters for the second

wave of fruiting champignon bispored and oyster pleurotus during storage

at a temperature of 1 °C had the same trend as the first. Feature

biochemical parameters mushroom fruiting second wave were smaller

quantities of dry matter and vitamin C at the beginning of storage, resulting

in their lower values at the end. This can be explained by a decrease in

nutrient substrate for mushroom fruiting period of the first wave.

With increasing temperature storage was an increase in losses of dry

matter, protein nitrogen and vitamin C.

Thus, the storage of mushrooms of champignon bispored first wave

fruiting at 5 °C of dry matter decreased from 9.4 to 8.0 %, vitamin C –

from 5.6 to 4.5 mg% and protein nitrogen – from 3.0 to 2.9 %.

In the mushroom of oyster pleurotus at the same temperature also

increased loss of dry matter from 10.3 to 9.0 %, vitamin C from 9.8 to

8.4 mg% and protein nitrogen from 3.0 to 2.8 %.

Changes of biochemical parameters for the second wave of fruiting

mushrooms of champignon bispored and oyster pleurotus during storage at

5 °C had the same trend as the first, but had lower absolute values, as

grown on depleted compost.

It is necessary to analyze the changes in the biochemical composition

of oyster pleurotus when it is stored at a temperature of minus 1 °C. Due to

the partial freeze oyster mushrooms fruiting bodies after thawing lost more

dry matter compared with storage at a temperature of 1 °C (control) and

3 °C, but less than 5 °C. Ascorbic acid at this temperature coincides best

compared to other options. Protein is the most stable indicator of this

temperature change within the error. Thus, we can conclude that storage at

a temperature of minus 1 °C provides better preservation of biochemical

parameters than temperature 3 and 5 °C.

Conclusions.

1. Storage temperature is the determining factor that affects the

stability of the biochemical composition of mushrooms during storage.

2. The best storage temperature, which ensures the safety of biochemical

parameters of champignon bispored and oyster pleurotus was 1 °C.

3. Temperature of storage -1 °C was not suitable for mushrooms of

champignon bispored as contributes to loss of product quality. Storage at

the same temperature mushroom of oyster pleurotus carried out only to a

partial loss of marketability and biochemical parameters remained stable.

Bibliography.

1. Vyroshchyvannya grybiv u domashnikh ta prysadybnykh

umovakh : Dovidnyk grybnyka / [pereklad z rosiyskoi N. E. Коsakovskoi].

– Donetsk : ТОV VKF «BАО», 2004. – 112 s.

2. Nurmetov R. D. Vyrashchivanie shampinonov I veshenki

(rukovodstvо) / R. D. Nurmetov, N. L. Devochkinа. – М. :

Rosselkhozakademiya, 2010. – 48 s.

3. Golub G. А. Agropromyslove vyrobnytstvo istivnykh grybiv.

Mekhaniko-tekhnologichni umovy / G. А. Golub. – К. : UААN Nats. nauk.

tsentr «ІМЕSG», 2007. – 331 s.

4. Gryby ta grybivnytstvo / [Pid zag. red. P. А. Sychovа]. –

Donetsk : Stalker, 2003. – 512 s.

5. Моrozov А. I. Promyshlennoe proizvodstvo veshenki /

А. I. Моrozov. – М. : АSТ ; Donetsk : Stalker, 2006. – 111 s.

6. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi / [zа

red. G. L. Bondarenka і К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Х. : Оsnovа, 2001. – 369 s.


[pod red. Belika V. F. ] – М. : Аgropromizdat, 1992. – 319 s.

1. – Content biochemical substances in the fruit bodies of mushrooms of champignon bispored of the strain

IBK-25 during storage at different temperature settings

Biochemical substances

dry

substance , %

protein

nitrogen, % ascorbic acid, mg% Temperature

storage, о

С beginning

storage

end

storage

beginning

storage

end

storage

beginning

storage

end

storage

The first wave of fruiting

1 (control) 9,4 8,9 3,0 3,0 5,6 5,1

3 9,4 8,5 3,0 3,0 5,6 4,9

5 9,4 8,0 3,0 2,8 5,6 4,5

The second wave of fruiting

1 (control) 8,6 7,8 2,9 2,9 5,4 5,0

3 8,6 7,4 2,9 2,8 5,4 4,4

5 8,6 7,1 2,9 2,7 5,4 4,0

2. – Content biochemical substances in the fruit bodies of oyster pleurotus of strain NK-35 during storage at

different temperature settings

Biochemical substances

dry

substance , %

protein

nitrogen, % ascorbic acid, mg% Temperature

storage, о

С beginning

storage

end

storage

beginning

storage

beginning

storage

end

storage

beginning

storage

The first wave of fruiting

-1 10,3 9,3 3,0 2,9 9,8 9,4

1 (control) 10,3 9,5 3,0 3,0 9,8 9,0

3 10,3 9,4 3,0 3,0 9,8 8,7

5 10,3 9,0 3,0 2,8 9,8 8,4

The second wave of fruiting

-1 9,4 8,8 2,8 2,7 9,6 8,8

1 (control) 9,4 8,5 2,8 2,8 9,6 8,5

3 9,4 8,3 2,8 2,7 9,6 8,0

5 9,4 7,7 2,8 2,6 9,6 7,6

С.М. Гунько, О.О. Тринчук

Влияние условий хранения на биохимические показатели

грибов шампиньон двоспоровый и вешенка обыкновенная.

Резюме. Проведено исследование влияния температурных

условий и продолжительности хранения на биохимические показатели

промышленно выращиваемых грибов шампиньона двоспорового и

вешенки обыкновенной.

С.М. Гунько, О.О. Тринчук

Вплив умов зберігання на біохімічні показники грибів печериця

двоспорова та глива звичайна.

Резюме. Проведено дослідження щодо впливу температурних

умов та тривалості зберігання на біохімічні показники промислово-

вирощуваних грибів печериці двоспорової та гливи звичайної.


UDC: 635.11:631.82:631.86:631.559

S.М. Datsenkо, Senior Researchers


ALREADY RESEARCHES OF INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON

THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF TABLE BEET VARIETIES VITAL

The results have been studies on the effect of different types and

standards of fertilizers on yield and quality of table beet varieties Vital.

already established that fertilizer Agrovit-Kor provides increased

productivity and does not degrade the quality of the product.

Keywords: beet, fertilizer, root vegetables, variety, yield, quality.

Introduction. The table beet is a major of vegetable plants in

Ukraine and occupies about 10 % of the acreage of vegetables. Roots of a

table beet contain sugar, protein, fiber, fats, organic acids, vitamins (A, C,

B, P, PP, etc.). Of particular value is the presence of roots betanin, which is

a source of choline, which helps the metabolic process in the human body,

cell growth and inhibits the development of malignant tumors.

Fertilizer is an effective factor in increasing productivity and

improving quality vegetable production, the use of evidence-based

standards of productivity growth provides an average of 40 to 50 % [1].

The aim of research – improve items of a table beet cultivation

technology using an Agrovit-Kor fertilizer and fertilizer.

The method of researches. Scientific-research conducted at the

Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS with medium ripe sort of

table beet varieties Vital. Field research was carried out in accordance with

the "Method of research affairs in Vegetables and Melons" [2]. Technology

of beet is adopted the general area for Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine.

Fertilizers and fertilizer Agrovit-Kor made locally in the furrow at planting

to cultivation to a depth of 8-10 cm, as well as feeding (N15). Foliar

fertilizers plants fueled Novofert the rate of 3 kg/ha. The harvest of a table

beet accounted for sections, weighing roots during the technical maturity

and distributing commodity and subsistence parts. They determined the

contents of dry matter, total sugars, ascorbic acid, nitrate and betanin.

Laboratory studies were carried out in an accredited laboratory of the © Datsenkо S.М., 2014.

Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS (accreditation certificate

№ 100-266 / 2012 dated October 18, 2012).

The results of researches. Through the use of fertilizers improved

plant nutrition conditions of table beet, which has a positive effect on their

growth, development and yield. Making fertilizer (N30P30K60) locally

ensures the growth of marketable yield of table beet 10.2 t/ha relative to

control – 51.9 t/ha (Table 1). Fertilizing Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) in

combination with half dose of mineral fertilizers (N15P15K30) ensured the

growth of commodity production yield of 1.1 t/ha with respect to

alternative fertilizer N30P30K60. The highest yield of roots provide a

common fertilizer Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) with mineral fertilizers at a dose

N30P30K60 - 63.8 t/ha.

On mineral background growing preference was applying

N15P15K30 + complex fertilizer Novofert (3 kg/ha) - 62.4 t/ha.

1. – Effect of fertilizers on yield of table beet varieties welcomed average

for 2012-2013 years

Commodity yield, t/ha

increment to

control Variant

20

12 y

ear

20

13 y

ear

aver

age

t/hа %

Control (no fertilizer) 51,9 51,8 51,9 - -

Agrovit-Kor (2,0 т/га) 64,0 59,8 61,9 10,0 19,3

Agrovit-Kor (1,0 т/га)+N30P30К60 67,0 60,6 63,8 11,9 22,3

Agrovit-Kor (1,0 т/га)+N15P15К30 59,1 67,4 63,2 11,3 21,8

N3P30К60 (standard) 57,2 67,0 62,1 10,2 19,6

N30P30К60 + N15 55,0 58,0 56,5 4,6 8,9

N30P30К60+N15 +Novofert (3kg/hа) 61,0 63,9 62,4 10,5 20,2

SSD0,95 4,3 5,3

Yield formation and quality primarily depends on the growing

conditions of plants. The most effective and quick acting factor that

contributes to improving the quality of the crop is fertilizer, with which you

can change the direction of the process of metabolism and enhance

accumulation in plants useful to man of substances – proteins, sugars,

vitamins and more.

Was found (Table 2), in making fertilizer Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) in

combination with half dose of mineral fertilizers (N15P15K30) marked

increase in dry matter content to 14.6 % at the value of the indicator in the

control version 12.0 %. The use of fertilizers has caused and increased total

sugar beet roots, the largest of its contents against the control (6.9 %) was

marked as a variant in making organic fertilizer Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) in

combination with half dose of mineral fertilizers (N15P15K30) (8.6 %).

2. – Effect of fertilizers on biochemical parameters of table beet varieties

welcomed average of the 2012-2013 years

Variant D

ry m

atte

r, %

To

tal

sug

ar, %

Asc

orb

ic a

cid

,

mg

/10

0 g

Bet

anin

, m

g/1

00

g

Nit

rate

s, m

g/k

g

Absolute control (no fertilizer) 12,0 6,9 8,1 151 1069

Agrovit-Kor (2,0 т/га) 13,4 7,4 9,9 235 1909

Agrovit-Kor (1,0 т/га)+N30P30К60 12,6 7,6 9,2 130 2023

Agrovit-Kor (1,0 т/га)+N15P15К30 14,6 8,6 8,3 186 1120

N3P30К60 (standard) 13,6 7,4 9,2 193 2131

N30P30К60 + N15 13,4 7,7 9,4 167 2057

N30P30К60+N15 +Novofert (3kg/hа) 14,0 7,7 9,2 240 2632

Fertilization positively affected and the growing number of ascorbic

acid. When using fertilizers ascorbic acid in beet roots contain

8.3-9.9 mg/100 g, which was higher than the control, where the content of

ascorbic acid was 8.1 mg/100 g

Fertilizers positive impact on the content of betanin the roots of table

beet. It was observed excess nitrate to the MPC (1400 mg/kg) in roots of

table beet (1909-2632 mg/kg) except option without fertilizers

(1069 mg/kg) and the option of making Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) + N15P15K30

(1120 mg/kg).

Conclusions. Based on the results of our study revealed that

fertilization Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) in combination with half dose of

mineral fertilizers (N15P15K30) ensured the growth of commodity production

yield of 1.1 t/ha with respect to alternative fertilizer N30P30K60. The highest

yield of table beet root crop varieties Vital provide a common fertilizer

Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) with mineral fertilizers at a dose N30P30K60 -

63.8 t/ha.

Fertilizing has positive effect on the biochemical composition of beet

production. When applying fertilizer Agrovit-Kor (1.0 t/ha) in combination

with half dose of mineral fertilizers (N15P15K30) marked increase in dry

matter content to 14.6 % at the value of the indicator in the control variant

12.0 % and the number of total sugars, the largest of its contents against the

control (6.9 %) was 8.6 %. Fertilizers also positively affected the growth of

the number of ascorbic acid and betanin content in roots of table beet.

Bibliography.

1. Udobrennya ovochevykhkultur / Goncharenko V. Yu.,

Sevastyanova V. V., Тkach L. О. [Za red. V. Yu. Goncharenka]. – К. :

Urozhay, 1989. – 144 s.

2. Меtodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi / [Za

red. G. L. Bondarenka, К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Kh. : Оsnovа, 2001. – 369 s.

С.М. Даценко

Действие удобрений на урожай и качество свеклы столовой.

Резюме. Приведены результаты исследований по изучению

влияния различных видов и норм удобрений на урожайность и

качество свеклы столовой сорта Витал. Установлено, что удобрение

Aгровит-Kор обеспечивает повышение урожайности и не ухудшает

качество продукции.

С.М. Даценко

Вплив добрив на врожайність і якість буряку столового сорту

Вітал.

Резюме. Наведено результати досліджень з вивчення впливу

різних видів і норм добрив на врожайність і якість буряка столового

сорту Вітал. Встановлено, що добриво Агровіт-Кор забезпечує

підвищення врожайності та не погіршує якість продукції.


UDC: 631.53:635.649

E.A. Dukhin, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences


EFFECT OF ENCRUSTATION ON SEED GERMINATION

The data on the results of studies of the effect of inlay seed dye

semia-color with the addition of growth factors and micronutrients on

laboratory germination of seeds of sweet pepper.

Keywords: sweet pepper, dye, similarity, growth promoters,

micronutrients.

Introduction. Preparation of seed is one of the major challenges that

must be addressed to producers of vegetable production for high rates of

productivity.

According to long-term research laboratory studying varieties and

seed vegetables and melons Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS at

the laboratory germination beet, thanks inlay seeds increased by 9-13 %,

late cabbage by 4-7 %, onion and cucumber on 3-5 %. This allows you to

return the seeds quality which has already lost its germination during

storage.

Encrusting is a fine surface treatment of seeds with a mixture of

components to build the shell of inert organic and inorganic substances,

pesticides, dyes and adhesives.

Recently, manufacturers of vegetable production are increasingly

encrusting of seeds with the addition of fungicides, growth factors and trace

elements.

The use of chemicals for pre-treatment of seeds must be combined

with modern dyes, which enables evaluation of the quality of seed

treatment, uniformity of application tools for processing the seeds, and is a

sign that the seeds are etching [1-4].

© Dukhin E.О., 2014.

As we inlay was chosen dye Semia-color, which is film-forming

properties and is suitable for encrusting seeds that can reliably fix the

pesticide and stimulating substances on the surface of the seed coat. This

decrease (from 40 to 60%) loss drugs, due to their abscission under

pouring, storing, transporting, and delivering planting resulting in the

preservation of seed germination in the field. As a result, increased

productivity, improved sanitary conditions, reduced environmental

pollution [5].

The aim of research was supposed to identify ways to improve

conditioned of seeds of sweet pepper inlays stimulants for plant growth and

micronutrient dye.

The method of researches. The results obtained using generally

accepted laboratory methods based on laboratory experiments, using

mathematical methods of analysis of variance, confirming the reliability of

research results [6].

The study was conducted in a laboratory study and seed varieties of

vegetables and melons Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS in

2014. The paper used the seeds of sweet pepper varieties Pioner listed in

the State register of plant varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine and

with low similarity. For inlay seeds of sweet pepper used growth promoters

(succinic acid, Razormin, Raykat), fertilizers (Reacom, Master, Nutrivant

plus) and dye Semia-color.

Some researchers have sought to take into account impacts on seed

sweet pepper and identify optimal composite mixture consisting of growth

regulators, fertilizers and dyes.

The results of researches. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds of sweet

pepper studied growth promoters, micronutrients and dye had unequal

effects on laboratory germination (Table 1).

Study three factorial laboratory experiment found that the best

preplant treatment for sweet pepper in the laboratory is inlaid dye Semia-

color. After adding the mixture to encrusting fertilizers Master and growth

promoters succinic acid, an increase in laboratory germination by 5.0 %

and processing Semia-color dye from Master micronutrients and growth

promoters Raykat provided the greatest increase in germination experiment

– 6.0 %, the similarity in the control variation was 66.0 % at SSD05 3.0 %.

1. – Laboratory germination of seeds of sweet pepper varieties Pioner

depending on the investigated elements, %

Seeds incrustation (factor C) Micro-

nutrients

(factor A)

Plant growth

stimulants

(factor B)

No

incrustation

Incrustation

with Semia-

color

Average for

factor A×B

No treatment 66,0 66,3 66,2

Raykat 66,0 66,7 66,3

Succinic acid 66,7 67,3 67,0

Control (no

treatment)

Razormin 64,3 66,7 65,5


Raykat 65,3 72,0 68,7

Succinic acid 66,3 71,0 68,7 Master

Razormin 65,7 67,0 66,3


Raykat 64,3 67,7 66,0

Succinic acid 64,7 68,7 66,7 Reacom

Razormin 62,3 68,0 65,2


Raykat 62,7 67,7 65,2

Succinic acid 65,3 66,7 66,0

Nutrivant

plus

Razormin 65,3 68,3 66,8

Average for factor С 65,2 68,0

Average for

experiment

66,6

SSD05 for factor С 3,0

SSD05 for factor А×В 3,0

SSD05 for factor А×В×С 0,7

Conclusions. To improve laboratory seed germination of sweet

pepper varieties Pioner expedient encrust dye Semia-color, which includes

micronutrients and growth regulators Master, succinic acid or Raykat. The

developed composite mixture is most effective for pre-treatment (inlay)

seed that has lost its similarity with respect to certified during storage.

Bibliography.

1. Kornienko S. І. Vplyv stymulyatoriv rostu, mikrodobryv, barvnykiv

ta ultrafioletovogo vyprominyuvannya na laboratornu skhozhist buryaka

stolovogo ta ogirka pry inkrustuvanni / Коrnienkо S. І., Моgylnа О. М.,

Dukhin E. О. // Visnuk tsentru zabezpechennya APV Kharkivskoi oblasti. –

Kh., 2012. – Vyp. 13. – S. 139-143.

2. Моgylnа О. М. Vpluv inkrustatsii stymulyatoramy rostu ta

mikrodobryvamu na laboratornu ta polovu skhozhist nasinnya kapusty

piznostugloi / [Моgylnа О. М., Dukhin E. О., Molchanov Yu. А.,

Dukhina N. G.] // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo. – 2012. – Vyp. 58. –

S. 228-232.

3. Dukhin E. О. Vpluv inkrustatsii na laboratornu skhozhist nasinnya

оgirkа / E. О. Dukhin // Visnuk Kharkivskogo natsionalnogo universytetu іm.

V. V. Dokuchaeva. Seriya tekhnichni nauky, silskogospodarski nauky,

ekonomichni nauky. – 2012. – № 8. – S. 14-16.

4. Dukhin E. О. Vpluv inkrustatsii nasinnya nа skhozhist tа urozhaynist

tsybuli ripchastoi / E. О. Dukhin // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo. – 2013.

– Вип. 59. – S. 97-102.

5. Моgulnа О. М. Efektyvnist dii barvnuka dlya inkrustatsii

nasinnya / [Моgylnа О. М., Dukhin E. О., Моlchanov Yu. А.,

Dukhina N. G.] // Visnuk Kharkivskogo natsionalnogo universytetu іm. V. V.

Dokuchaeva. Seriya tekhnichni nauky, silskogospodarski nauky, ekonomichni

nauky. – 2012. – № 8. – S. 142-144.



Е.А. Духин

Влияние инкрустации на всхожесть семян.

Резюме. Приведены данные по результатам исследований

влияния инкрустации семян красителем Semia-color при добавлении

стимуляторов роста и микроудобрений на лабораторную всхожесть

семян перца сладкого.

Є.О. Духін

Вплив інкрустації на схожість насіння перцю солодкого.

Резюме. Наведені данні результатів дослідження щодо впливу

інкрустації насіння барвником Semia-color з додаванням стимуляторів

росту та мікродобрив на лабораторну схожість насіння перцю

солодкого.


UDC: 635.21:631.531.02:632.16

N.G. Dukhina, Junior Sciences Researcher


INFLUENCE OF SOIL MIXES TO SURVIVAL RATE OF PLANTS

THAT HEALED WHEN GROWING SEEDLINGS POTATOES

Has presented research results on the use of different types of soil

mixes during the next replanting of plants-regenerants of conditions in

vitro to in vivo in order to enhance their engraftment.

Keywords: potato, a plant-regenerants, in vivo, in vitro, survival rate,

yields.

Introduction. Feature of modern seed of potatoes when playing basic

source material is the use of thermotherapy and culture of meristem. In

countries with well-developed potato seed farms the issue of recovered

material that is obtained by biotechnological methods, received

considerable attention. Efficiency of seed obtained from the use of

meristem tissue culture proved in many research studies and confirmed by

the practice of domestic and foreign potato.

The most widely for primary source material of potato breeding is using

the method of growing plants and micro propagation of regenerants on artificial

nutrient medium. Using this method is much lower likelihood of repeated defeat

virus material, compared to its reproduction stem cuttings or tubers, as the bulk

of the operations carried out under sterile laboratory conditions. Compared with

traditional methods it allows twice the increase multiplication factor healed

material. A month from one of the original plant can get 5-7 plants in vitro,

depending on the variety, suitable for subsequent cuttings [1].

Propagation healed plants on agar (solid) medium under sterile

conditions or in a liquid medium in sterile conditions. In the presence of 5-

7 leaves of plants transplanted in tubes with nutrient medium [2].

© Dukhina N.G., 2014.

Once the cuttings obtained from the required number of plants in test

tubes, they are transplanted into a nutritious substrate for growing seedlings

or directly in terms of protected soil [3, 4]. But this way of biotechnology

cured seed in the early stages of its use have low vitality due to injury and

partial extinction of the root system in transplantation.

Given the current trend of declining volumes using peat products for

preparing of soil mixes in growing seedlings, about finding raw materials

for its preparation is important.

The aim of research is to study the influence of the composition of

soil mixes on the survival rate previously recovered plants in growing

seedlings of potatoes, as well as the healing of seedlings at planting it in the

ground.

The method of researches. The study was conducted in the

laboratory of Adaptive horticulture, storage and standardization of the

Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS during 2008-2009 years. On

early maturing potato variety Tyras and Malynska bila according to the

"Methodical recommendations for conducting research on potatoes"

(Nemeshaevo, 2002), by setting laboratory and field experiments, using

mathematical methods of analysis of variance, confirming the reliability of

research results [5, 6].

In the experiment as components of the substrate was used peat,

sand, soil, humus, Organic (organic fertilizers), Coconut soil (natural

coconut fiber) in different ratios. Pots of 150 ml filled with the studied

substrates, followed by rearing plants occurred at 20-23 оC, relative

humidity 70-80 % and fluorescent lamps with luminous 3-4 ths. suites and

16 hour of photoperiod. With the formation of 4-5 leaves and plants reach a

height of 8-10 cm exercised in transplanting cultivation structure, which

creates optimal conditions for the growth and development of potato plants.

Repeated 4-single, 10 plants each; planting scheme was 70x15.

The results of researches. The highest rooting plants and regenerants

of potato seedlings (Table 1) were noticed when using a soil mixture

consisting of coco soil, Organic and soil (95-90 %).

Survival rate of plants-regenerants of variety Malynivska bila grown in

soil after planting mix in all the studied variants by 5-10 % compared to the

control (80 %) of its value after landing in cultivation facilities increased by

9-19 % (control – 70 %). Increased survival rate of seedlings obtained in

terms of cultivation structures observed in the variants, based Coconut soil +

Organic (85-89 %). Compared to the control survival rate in soil mixtures

increased by 10 %, and in terms of cultivation facilities – at 15-19 %.

1. – Effect of soil composition on survival rate of potato plants, %,

average for 2008-2009 years

Survival rate * №№

variants The composition of soil mixes

plants-

regenerantsseedling

variety Tyras

1 Peat + soil + sand (control) 75 70

2 Peat + humus + sand 85 78

3 Coconut soil + peat + soil 87 85

4 Coconut soil + Organic + soil 95 90

5 Coconut soil +Organic + sand 90 85

variety Malynivska bila

1 Peat + soil + sand (control) 80 70

2 Peat + humus + sand 85 79

3 Coconut soil + peat + soil 87 80

4 Coconut soil + Organic + soil 90 89

5 Coconut soil +Organic + sand 90 85

* – 7-10 days after planting.

Placement of 1 m2 20 potato plants to yield significant growth 1.03-

2.70 kg/m2 (control – 0.67 kg/m

2) to variety Tyras observed at bringing into

the soil mixes of Coconut soil (Table 2). However, the presence of the drug

in Organic substrate leads to increase yield by 78-153 %, while the use of

peat by only 43 %.

The increase in yield in these variants was due to an increase in the

number of tubers to pieces 0.3-2.8 pcs/bush, but with the increase of tubers

decreased their average weight.

2. – Effect of the composition of soil mixtures on plant productivity-

regenerants in growing seedlings of potato, 2008-2009

The yield №№

variant

The composition of

soil mixes kg/m

2 % of

control

Number

of tubers

pcs/bush

The

average

weight of

tubers, g

variety Tyras

1 Peat+soil+sand

(control) 0,67 - 3,9 8,9

2 Peat + humus + sand 0,88 131 4,6 8,8

3 Coconut

soil+peat+soil 1,03 143 5,1 8,3

4 Coconut soil +

Organic + soil 1,70 253 6,7 8,7

5 Coconut soil +

Organic + sand 1,19 178 4,2 9,5

SSD05 0,05 0,71 1,43

variety Malynivska bila

1 Peat+soil+sand

(control) 0,67 - 4,2 7,2

2 Peat + humus + sand 0,81 121 4,3 7,6

3 Coconut

soil+peat+soil 1,01 151 4,3 9,1

4 Coconut soil +

Organic + soil 1,99 297 5,5 7,0

5 Coconut soil +

Organic + sand 1,39 207 5,4 7,1

SSD05 0,05 0,8 1,12

This trend continued in growing seedling varieties Malynivska bila.

Seedlings that were grown in pots on in pots on soil mixes, which include

Coconut soil was marked by higher productivity compared to the control

(0.67 kg/m2) and was 1.01-1.99 kg/m

2.

Conclusions. Use a soil mixture consisting of coco soil, Organic and

soil promotes rooting of plant-regenerants conditions during the transition

from in vitro to in vivo conditions in a variety Tyras 20 %, and white

varieties Malynivska 10-19 % and increase yields at 153-197 %, depending

on the variety.

Bibliography.

1. Каrpenkо О. І. Rozmnozhennya ozdorovlenykh sortiv kartopli

metodom zhyvtsyuvannya / О. І. Каrpenkо // Каrtoplyarstvо. – 2003. –

Vyp. 32. – S. 94-99.

2. Ryazantsev V. B. Oderzhannya ozdorovlenogo vykhidnogo

nasinnevogo material dlya vidtvorennya elity kartopli / [Ryazantsev V. B.,

Vermenko Yu. Ya., Коstyuk І. І., Lyashenkо S. А.] // Каrtoplyarstvо

Ukrainy: nauk. vyrob. zhur. – 2006. – № 1-2. – S. 18-22.

3. Nechyporenkо М. М. Produktyvnist vykhidnykh ozdorovlenykh

roslyn kartopli za riznykh sposobiv ikhnogo kultyvuvannya /

М. М. Nechyporenkо // Каrtoplyarstvо. – К. : Agrarna nauka, 2007. – Vyp.

36. – S. 140-144.

4. Semenova Z. А. Vliyanie sostava substrata na formirovanie pervogo

klubnevogo pokoleniya kartofelya / Z. А. Semenova. – Minsk. – S. 486-491.



6. Metodychni rekomendatsii shchodo provedennya doslidzhen z

kartopleyu : Nemishaeve, 2002.

Н.Г. Духіна

Вплив складу ґрунтових сумішей на приживлюваність

оздоровлених рослин при вирощуванні розсади картоплі.

Резюме. Представлено результати досліджень з використання

різних видів ґрунтосуміші при пересаджуванні рослин-регенерантів із

умов in vitro в умови in vivo з метою кращого їх приживлення.

Н.Г Духина

Влияние состава почвенных смесей на приживаемость

оздоровленных растений при выращивании рассады картофеля.

Резюме. Представлено результаты исследований с

использованием разных видов почвосмесей при пересадке растений-

регенерантов из условий in vitro в условия in vivo с целью лучшей их

приживаемости.


UDC: 633.15:631.5:632.51

О.V. Zavertalyuk, Senior Research

Dnipropetrovsk’s research station of IVM of NAAS

CROP CAPACITY FORMATION OF DISSILIENT CORN GRAINS

DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF SOWING AND METHODS OF

WEEDS CONTROLLING

It is presented the researches results of the effect of sowing time,

methods of infestation controlling on biometrics, productivity and cost-

effectiveness of dissilient corn growing.

Keywords: popcorn, herbicides, biometric parameters, yield of

grain, economic efficiency.

Introduction. In recent years, there is increasing demand for popcorn.

Compared to the dent form it accumulates in the grain more (13.0-18.5 %)

protein. Use grain for making popcorn, cereal and high quality cereals and

various confectionery products [1, 2]. When growing popcorn important to

determine the response to sowing. In different soil and climatic conditions have

conducted field experiments for reaction to sowing maize hybrids of different

maturity groups of dent form, silicon and sugar subspecies [3, 4, 5]. Effect of

sowing time on grain yield formation of popcorn been insufficiently studied.

The results of the studies already indicate a high efficiency of

agricultural practices caring for crops of corn – pre-emergence and post-

harrowing, cultivation of row [6]. However, the high pollution potential arable

soil layer (0-30 cm), which is low moisture averaged 1.14 billion pcs/ha

agricultural practices can not only protect crops from weeds [7]. Research

institutions have developed agronomic and chemical methods of crop

protection from weeds and flint corn toothed subspecies. The measure to

control of weed-infested when popcorn is grown is poorly understood.

The aim. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of

agronomic and chemical control measures on weed-infested features of

formation of yield of popcorn cultivation indicators of economic efficiency.

© Zavertalyuk О.V., 2014.

Methods of research. The study was conducted in 2009-2011 years

at the Dnipropetrovsk experimental station of the Institute of Vegetables

and Melons of NAAS of Ukraine. Soil – black soil plain low humus

medium loam on loess. The content of humus in the layer of 0-30 cm –

3.1 %, hydrolytic acidity 0.84-1.40 mg/100 g soil.

The conditions of weather during the growing season of maize

characterized by irregular rainfall, high maximum air temperatures,

especially in 2010 (June-August to 38.0-42.0 oC). The most favorable for

hydrothermal regime was during the growing season of maize in 2011.

Experiment is two-factor. Factor A – sowing: early (at a temperature

of soil at a depth of 10 cm 8-10 °C); the best (at a temperature of 12-14 °C).

Factor B – in controlling the weed-infested of events: no herbicides

(control); front'yer soil herbicide, 1.4 l/ha and post dialen (standard);

options with the introduction of herbicide harness ground only at doses of

2.5 and 2.0 l/ha and post esteron as well as examples of mechanized care of

crops (pre-emergence, post-harrowing, two row cultivation) with manual

weeding without them. Discount land area is 10 m2, repetition – six times.

When you have conducted studies have used conventional methods, the

method of research affairs in vegetables and melons [8, 9, 10].

The predecessor is spring barley. Already sow a middle hybrid of

popcorn Gostynets. General agriculture growing corn for common areas,

except the studied factors. Soil herbicides made by pre-sowing cultivation,

after germination in the phase of 3-5 leaves in maize.

The results of experiments. Depending on sowing and weed-infested

crop control measures varied indicators of plant height and leaf surface. On

average, the option for care of crops (factor A) optimal advantage of the early

period was 25 cm and 4.1 dm2 respectively (tab. 1). A noticeable difference

between sowing of these indicator was under control (no herbicides), standard

version (soil herbicide front'yer and post dialen) – 32-42 cm 4.4-5.0 dm2

respectively. On average, sowing time (factor B) in variants with the

introduction of post-herbicide esteron, 0.7 l/ha on a soil background harnesses

(2.0 or 1.5 l/ha) at the reference height variation rates of plants and leaf surface

one plant exceeded the control at 31-33 cm and 8.2-9.5 dm2 respectively.

Under the influence of two hand weeding these figures were increased by 21

cm and 4.4 dm2. In the version with the introduction of herbicide harness, 2.0 l

ha and esteron 0.5 l/ha of plant height and leaf area per plant was the highest,

higher than the reference version 12 cm and 3.4 dm2 respectively.

With the already listed in Table 1 data also shows that the average

embodiments care of crops (factor A) grain yield of popcorn hybrid

Gostynets with early sowing was 0.51 t/ha compared to less optimal.

Differences between sowing were greater in the control (no herbicides) and

variants with the introduction of herbicide harness only – 0.80-0.88 t/ha.

Adding soil herbicide harness dose of 2.5 or 2.0 l/ha provided the increase

in grain yield of popcorn hybrid Gostynets (on average by a factor B) on

1.87-2.06 t/ha. A larger effect was obtained in embodiments in which the

used soil and after emergence of seedlings herbicides, especially when

making a soil herbicide harness, 2.0 l/ha and post esteron 0.5 l/ha. Against

the background without additional herbicides of two harrowing and inter-

row cultivation one provided increased yields by 0.91 t/ha, under the

influence of two hands weeding yield of grain was increased to 1.66 t/ha.

These factors affect the performance of the economic efficiency of

growing grain. Production costs per 1 ha were slightly higher with optimal

seeding time. Among the options with the introduction of herbicide

production costs were highest at the reference version. Data are presented

in Table 2 show that the optimum sowing time compared to earlier 1.2

times less than the cost of production appeared to be 1 ton of grain, 3990

uah/ha more conventionally obtained net income. The cost per unit of

production was the lowest in the version which used a soil herbicide

harness (2.0 l/ha) and after esteron ladder (0.5 l/ha). This version was

received the largest net profit of roughly one hectare, was the best indicator

of profitability. Holding two hand weeding on a background of mechanical

care of crops then led to an increase in production costs, but when did

increase at this time grain yield economic indicators improved.

Сonclusions.

1. For optimum sowing time (soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm

12-14 °C) compared with early (soil temperature of 8-10 °C) at 25 cm was

greater plant height, 4.1 dm2 leaf area per plant, and it was marked increase

in yield of grain and improved economic performance.

2. Conducting only mechanized care of crops (without herbicides)

resulted in a decrease of biometric indicators, reducing yield of grain,

deterioration of economic indicators. Without the use of pre-emergence

herbicides appropriate conduct and post-harrowing, cultivation of row two,

two hand weeding.

3. The highest yield of grain of popcorn hybrid Gostynets (4.45 t/ha

at early sowing and 4.75 t/ha at the optimum) with the best performance

product cost (1161 and 1097 uah/t, respectively), so to net income (30436

and 32789 uah/ha) was obtained in the variant using a soil herbicide

harness (2.0 l/ha) and after esteron ladder (0.5 l/ha) and holding one inter-

row cultivation.

Bibliography.

1. Ivanov I. E. Pidvyshchennya yakosti zerna kukurudzy /

І. E. Іvanov. – К. : Urozhay, 1975. – 84 s.

2. Payych Z. Rezyltaty selektsii rozlusnoi I tsukrovoi kukurudzy /

Z. Pаyych // Kukurudza I sorgo. – 1993. – № 5. – S. 6-7.

3. Ivashchuk P. V. Vplyv pogodno-klimatychnykh umov

Zakhidnogo Lisostepy na formuvannya produktyvnosti gibrydiv kukurudzy

/ P. V. Ivashchuk // Visnyk agrarnoi nauky. – 2007. – № 8. – S. 75-78.

4. Pashchenko Y. M. Vplyv inkrustatsii nasinnya I strokiv sivby na

formuvannya produktyvnosti gibrydiv kukurudzy riznykh grup styglosti /

Y. M. Pashchenko, О. І. Коrdin // Byuleten Instytutu zernovogo

gospodarstva UAAN. – 2005 – № 26-27. – S. 78-82.

5. Kiver V. Kh. Vyrobnytstvo kharchovoi kukurudzy v Ukraini /

V. Kh. Kiver, І. М. Semenyaka // Visnyk agrarnoi nauky. – 2004. – № 7. –

S. 26-30.

6. Yakunin O. P. Еfektyvnist mekhanichnykh pryyomiv doglyadu za

posivamy kukurudzy z riznymy morfobiologichnymy oznakamy /

О. P. Yakunin, Y. V. Ambrozyak // Byuleten Instytutu zernovogo

gospodarstva UAAN. – 1999. – № 9. – S. 32-35.

7. Іvashchenkо О. О. Gerbologiya: napryamy doslidzhen /

О. О. Іvashchenkо // Zakhyst roslyn. – 2000. – № 4. – S. 3-4.

8. Dospekhova V. A. Metodika opytnogo dela // B. А. Dospekhov. –


9. Metodishcheskie rekomendatsii po provedeniy polevykh opytov s

kukuruzoy / [sost. Filev D. S., Tsykov V. S., Zolotov V. I. I dr.]. –

Dnepropetrovsk, 1980. – 54 s.

10. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi /

Za red. G. L. Bondarenka, К. І. Yakovenka. – Kh. : Оsnovа, 2001. – 369 s.

О.В. Заверталюк

Формирование урожайности зерна кукурузы лопающейся в

зависимости от срока посева и приемов контролирования сорняков.

Резюме. Приведены результаты исследований по влиянию срока

посева, приемов контролирования засоренности посевов на

биометрические показатели, урожайность и экономическую

эффективность выращивания зерна кукурузы лопающейся.

О.В. Заверталюк

Формування врожайності зерна кукурудзи розлусної залежно

від строку сівби та заходів контролювання бур’янів.

Резюме. Наведено результати досліджень щодо впливу строку

сівби, заходів контролювання бур’янів на біометричні показники,

врожайність та економічну ефективність вирощування зерна

кукурудзи розлусної.

1. – Effect of sowing time and measures to care for the crops biometric parameters

and yield of grain (average for 2009-2011)

Protect plants from weeds (В)

entering of herbicides Height of plant,

cm

Leaf area per

plant, dm2

Yields of grain,

t/ha

№ o

f

var

ian

ts

ground after emergence

of seedlings inte

r-ro

w

cult

ivat

io

han

ds

wee

din

g

1*) 2 1 2 1 2

0 0 1

control

1 0 164 206 25,3 30,3 1,07 1,87

Front'yer, 1,4 l/ha Dialen, 2,0 l/ha 2

standard

1 0 200 232 33,8 38,2 3,52 4,02

3 Harness, 2,5 l/ha 0 1 0 205 227 31,2 36,3 3,09 3,97

4 Harness, 2,0 l/ha 0 1 0 206 229 32,4 37,8 2,92 3,76

5 Harness, 2,0 l/ha Еsteron, 0,7 l/ha 1 0 208 230 35,6 39,0 4,03 4,39



8**) 0 0 2 0 189 213 31,0 36,5 2,16 2,61

9**) 0 0 2 2 213 231 37,4 39,1 3,88 4,20

Average 201 226 33,3 37,4 3,23 3,74

sowing (A) 2,2-2,7 0,73-1,04 0,086-0,114

care of crops (B) 4,6-5,7 1,55-1,87 0,148-0,232

SSD095, t/hа

for:

interaction (AB) 6,9-8,0 2,19-2,56 0,210-0,321

Note. *) Sowing (A): 1 – early; 2 – optimal.

**) harrowing to the ladder after ladder.

2. – Economic efficiency of cultivation of grain depending on sowing and

measures of weed control (average for 2009-2011)

Protect plants from weeds (В)

entering of herbicides The cost of

grain, uah/t

Conventionally

net profit of

uah/ha

The level of

profitableness,

%

№ of

varia

nts ground after emergence of

seedlings inte

r-

row

han

ds

wee

din

g

1х) 2 1 2 1 2

1 Control (without herbicides) 1 0 3831 2283 4461 10690 109 250

Front'yer, 1,4 l/ha Dialen, 2,0 l/ha 2

standard

1 0 1637 1475 22399 26231 389 442

3 Harness, 2,5 л/га 0 1 0 1543 1258 19951 26765 418 536

4 Harness, 2,0 л/га 0 1 0 1625 1278 18615 25275 392 526

5 Harness, 2,0 л/га Еsteron, 0,7 л/га 1 0 1273 1181 27111 29936 529 577



8**) 0 0 2 0 2058 1705 12834 16431 289 369

9**) 0 0 2 2 1604 1515 24818 27237 399 428

Average 1778 1447 20832 24822 405 479

Note. x

) Sowing (A): 1 - early; 2 - optimal. xx

) harrowing to the ladder after ladder


UDC: 635.64:631.563

O.A. Zadorozhna, Candidate of Biological Sciences,

T.P. Shyyanova, Sciences Researcher

Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev of NAAS,

O.M. Shabetya, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences,

S.M. Udovychenko, Sciences Researcher


STATE OF THE SOLANACEAE SEED VIABILITY DURING

STORAGE UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

Defined high storage seed germination of Solanum lycopersicum,

Solanum melongena, Physalis ixocarpa, Solanum dulcamara under

controlled seed moisture content conditions during 4-13 years. For the

tomatoes seed better storage are proved at 3-3,5 % moisture content. For

eggplant – 2,2-3 %. There are no advantages for storage for Solanaceae

seeds with controlled moisture content in low positive temperatures before

the unregulated temperature of Eastern Steppes of Ukraine.

Keywords: nightshade, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena,

Physalis ixocarpa, Solanum dulcamara, storage, temperature, moisture.

Introduction. Vegetable crops of nightshade family (Solanaceae),

including tomato, eggplant, physalis occupy an important place in human

nutrition. In Ukraine vegetables are grown on an area of about 0.5 million

hectares, which is 1.5 % of the general acreage. Harvest tomatoes on them

were 2.3 million tons, 97.8 ths. tons of eggplant (FAOSTAT Database,

2012). For the successful selection of appropriate solanaceous stock must

have the original germplasm diversity. The conservation of such

germplasm is usually held in genetics bank in the form of seeds. Seeds gene

pool of cultivated plants, including the Solanaceae, is expected to keep for

a long time under the right conditions [10]. The recommendations of the

known standards are general and for storing of the diversity of seed are

© Zadorozhna O.A., Shuyanova O.M., Shabetya V.V., Udovychenko S.M., 2014.

necessary to consider the peculiarities of individual crops, storage

conditions of working seed collections. In this regard, there is a need for

monitoring of seeds germination which is stored in genbank in order to

optimize the storage conditions and to continue longevity of seeds during

storage.

For the ability of long-term seeds storage are important biological

characteristics of seeds [3]. It is believed that in the uncontrolled conditions

seed germination of tomato are able to maintain eight years in average, and

for eggplant – three-four years [6, 7]. We can assume that the difference in

the ability to store the viability of tomato and eggplant in uncontrolled

conditions is caused by differences in the biochemical composition of

seeds. The influence may have morphological features of tomato plants [5].

The data on the term storage of physalis seeds and nightshade in

uncontrolled conditions we couldn’t found.

There are data on the results of long-term seeds storage of the

tomato, eggplant over 20 years [8]. Found that after 22 years storage of

tomato seeds with moisture content 3.3 % at the room first and then the

positive low temperature (5-7 °C) maintained a germination level of 98 %.

After 23 years of eggplant seeds storage at 2.3 % moisture content the

germination level was 97 % if stored in airtight containers and at room at

first, then the at positive low temperature (5-7 °C).

It is determined that chemical composition of the cell membrane has

significant impact on the ability of seeds storage [11]. There are data on

seed longevity forecasting attempts tomatoes [14]. Has been confirmed the

impact of seed moisture and temperature storage for further durability seed

tomatoes [9]. There was works on continuation attempts of seeds longevity

of tomato [12, 13].

The aim of research. Determine the viability level of tomato,

eggplant, physalis, nightshade seeds under controlled storage conditions to

optimize their further storage.

The aim of research. The material for the study was the tomato

(Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds of the varieties: Lisen UL0200014,

Amiko UL0200019, Koral UL0200041, Antey UL0200060, Dokhodnyy

UL0200096, Viktoryna UL0200295, Kometa UL0200541, Katrin

UL0200545, Fateeva 3 UL0200550, breeding material СХ4 UL0200033,

Pomodoro da industria N6 UL0200107. Fruits of these varieties have round

(the majority) or plum-like form. They are medium or early ripening.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seeds of varieties Almaz UL5400001,

Gelios UL5400070, Com UL5400079, land races UL5400086, accessions

with unknown status Helflong Purple UL5400028, Black Bountiful

UL5400048, Stripedguadelonge UL5400065, Eggplantvar Kaserugava

UL5400081, Stripedguadklope UL5400240 were investigated also. The

fruits of eggplant were most middle-ripening. Physalis seeds (Physalis

ixocarpa Brot. Ex Hornem.) of varieties: Borovskoy UL0300002, landrace

UL0300003; bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara L.) UL0400001

were investigated also.

Seeds that arrived for storage were desicated at the temperature no

higher than 25 oC (as opposed to industrial regimes [3]) and stored in an

airtight container under the positive low temperature 4 °C or unregulated

temperature of the eastern steppes of Ukraine. In some cases, accessions of

seeds were transferred to the chamber where the temperature was minus

20 oC. To determine the viability of the seeds at storage beginning seeds

tested between filter paper at 25 °C under appropriate [DSTU 4138-2002,

4]. Periodic testing of viability (monitoring) held on average once every 5

years. The results were processed using the methods of variation statistics

[1]. To compare two samples used criterion of sampling particles.

The results of researches. The germination of tomatoes seeds with

3-3.5 %, moisture content which were stored under controlled conditions

during 6-9 years was about 90 % (Figure 1). So after storage of tomato

seeds accession UL0200096 during four years in a sealed container in the

depository with fixed temperature there was 10 % germination decreasing

(t = 3.47). In the next two years of storage there was no change of

germination. Storage of seed accessions UL0200550 and UL0200295 with

similar moisture content, at a low positive temperature during seven-nine

years has led to an increasing in similarity to 6-40 %. The increasing of

seed germination at low positive temperatures is known for other crops,

because the destruction of possible inhibitors of growth during the seeds

storage [15].

Tomatoes seeds storage at 3.6-4 % moisture content in airtight

containers n uncontrolled temperature conditions or at the positive low

temperature (4 oC) during 4-10 years resulted in minor changes in

germination or no effect on it (Figure 2, 3 ). After tomatoes seeds storage at

3,6-4 % moisture content at low temperatures of positive 4 oC during three

to four years in accessions UL0200541 and UL0200041 no effect on their

germination and accessions UL0200107 and UL0200545 germination

caused reducing by 8 and 7 %, respectively (t = -3; t = -3,6) (Fig. 2).

After 3-4 years of storage there were no changes of germination level

for the accession UL0200019 and germination reduction for samples

UL0200033, UL0200060, UL0200014 7, 5 and 16 %, respectively

observed (t = -2,4; -2,3; -6,3). After further storage of up to 10 years

observed an 6% germination increasing of UL0200019 (t = -2,1); 14 %

increasing of the accession UL0200033 (t = 4,9 %); 6 % of the accession

UL0200014 (t = 2,1), and 3 % in the accession UL0200060 (t = 1,3). It

should be noted that in the last two samples is increasing similarity was

obtained one year after transferring the depository of negative temperature

minus 20 °С. By this time, the similarity was essentially unchanged from

the time when it controlled the third or fourth year of storage. So for tomato

seed samples from 3.6-4 % moisture before it were set preferences for

subsequent storage at low temperatures of positive conditions including

unregulated temperatures in winter watch negative.

Advantages in storing of varieties seed with round shape fruit on

plum-like forms of fruit or vice have not been determined. There were no

advantages in storage in seeds with different ripening fruit also.

After four years of storage at low positive temperature of eggplant seed

accessions with 2-3 % moisture content: UL5400028, UL5400086, UL5400098

found 6, 15 and 14 % germination, respectively (t = -3.2; -6.2; -4.9 respectively)

(Fig. 4.). Seeds accession UL5400001 with similar moisture content shows 7 %

germination increasing (t = -2.5) after the storage during four years in

unregulated conditions of temperature. In accessions UL5400048, UL5400079,

UL5400081 seeds with moisture content 2-3 % after four years of storage at low

positive temperature there were no germination changes. Further storage of all

these accessions in the same conditions to 9-13 years in most cases did not lead

to further germination changes (Fig. 4). Decreasing are reported in some cases

only. So after ten years, it decreased by 22 % in the accession UL5400086 only

(t = 8.7).

The storage of eggplant seed accessions with undetermined moisture

content at low positive temperatures after four to five years of storage

resulted to germination decreasing for accessions UL5400200, UL5400240,

UL5400065 8, 9, and 7 %, respectively (t = 3; 3,9; 2,2 respectively). The

accession UL5400070 after four years storage demonstrated an 5 %

germination increasing (t = -2.1), which will further unchanged.

Thus, our observations suggest that the best indexes of high

germination level were in the accessions UL5400001, UL5400028,

UL5400048, UL5400079, UL5400081 at moisture content 2,2-2,8 %.

Moreover, the advantages were not found in seed storage at low positive

temperatures before the unregulated temperature conditions.

Seed of Physalis ixocarpa storage during five years under positive

low positive temperature did not lead to decreasing of seed germination,

which was at the level of 97 %. Moisture content of seeds after drying for a

given sample was not determined.

Germination seeds of Solanum dulcamara, which were stored during

eight years at low positive temperature with the positive and undetermined

moisture content, also did not change during this period of storage and was

located at the level of 96 %.

Conclusions. The data indicate a high germination level after 4-13

storage years of tomato, eggplant, physalis, bittersweet nightshade seeds.

The best for long-term storage is 3-3.5 % moisture content for tomatoes

seed, 2.2-3 % for eggplant seeds. There is no advantages of nightshade

seeds storage at low positive temperature before uncontrolled temperature

conditions.

Bibliography.

1. Volf V. G. Statisticheskaya obrabotka opytnykh dannykh. – М. :

Коlos, 1966. – 255 s.

2. Zhyznesposobnost semyan / Е. Roberts ; per. s angl.

N. А. Еmelyanovoy ; pod. red. dok-ra s.-kh. nauk М. К. Firsovoy. – М. :

Коlos 1978. – 410 s.

3. Lyuta Yu. О. Optymizatsiya rezhymiv vysushuvannya nasinnya

tomata / Yu. О. Lyutа, N. P. Kosenko // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo :

mizhvid. temat. nauk. zb. / UAAN; Instytut ovochivnytstva I

bashtannytstva. – Kh. : ІОB, 2013. – Vyp. – 58. – S. 217-221.

4. Mezhdunarodnye pravila analiza semyan; per. s angl.

N. N. Antoshkinoy. – М. : Коlos, 1984. – 311 s.

5. Syvorakshа О. А. Sortovi osoblyvosti formuvannya vrozhayu ta

yakosti nasinnya pomidora: avtoref. dis. kand. s.-g. nauk : 06.01.06

«Оvochivnytstvо» / Syvorakshа О. А. Nats. аgrar. un-t. – К., 2003. – 19 s.

6. Zhuk O. Ya., Sych Z. D. Nasinnytstvo ovochevykh kultur //

http://agromage.com/

7. Tarakanov G. I. Ovoshchevodstvo / Tarakanov G. I.,

Mukhin V. D., Shuin К. А. – М. : Коlos. – 2002. – 472 s.

8. Khoroshaylov N. G Dlitelnoe khranenie semyan mirovoy

kollektsii VIR / N. G. Khoroshaylov, N. V. Zhukovа // Byulleten VIR. –

1978. – Vyp. 77. – S. 9-19.

9. Alhamdan A. M. Influence of Storage Conditionson Seed Quality

and Longevity of Four Vegetable Crops/ Alsadon A. A., Khalil S. O.,

Wahb-Allah M. A. // American-Eurasian J. Agric. &Environ. Sci. – 2011. –

№ 11 (3). – Р. 353-359.

10. Draft Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food

and Agriculture // Commissionon Genetic Resources for

FoodandAgriculture. – Rome, 2013, 15-19 April. – Rome, 1994. - 17 p.

11. Golovina E.A. Membrane chemical stability and seed longevity/

E. A. Golovina, Henk Van As Folkert A. Hoekstra // EurBiophys J. – 2010.

– 39. – Р. 657-668.

12. Gurusinghe S. Enhanced Expression of BiPIs Associated with

Treatments that Extend Storage Longevity of Primed Tomato Seeds /

S. Gurusinghe // J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. – 2002. – 127. – № 4. – Р. 528-534.

13. Pandey D. K. Liquid preservatives to improve longevity of

tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) seeds / D. K. Pandey // Scientia

Horticulturae. – Vol. 62. – № 1, April. – 1995. – Р. 57-62.

14. Sinício, R. Longevity equation for tomato seeds /

J. F. Lopes, D. J. H.; Silva, A. P. Mattedi, // Seed Science and Technology.

– Vol. 37. – N 3. – October 2009. – Р. 667-675.

15. Zadorozhna O. A Seed viability level of maize genepool

accessions after long-term storage / Zadorozhna O. A., Shiyanova T. P.,

Vakulenko S. M. // Генетичні ресурси рослин. – 2013. – № 13. – С. 85-96.

О.А. Задорожная, Т.П. Шиянова, О.H. Шабетя,

С. М. Удовиченко

Состояние жизнеспособности семян пасльонових при хранении

в контролируемых условиях.

Резюме. Определен високий уровень сохранения всхожести

семян томата, баклажана, физалиса клейкоплодного, паслена сладко-

горького в контроируемых условиях влажности семян в течение 4-13

лет. Для семян томатов лучшей для хранения оказалась влажность 3-

3,5 %. Для семян баклажана 2,2-3 %. Для семян пасленовых с

контролируемой влажностью преимуществ хранения в условиях

низкой положительной температуры по неконтролируемой

температурой в условиях восточной Лесостепи Украины не выявлено.

О.А. Задорожна, Т.П. Шиянова, О.М. Шабетя, С.М. Удовиченко

Стан життєздатності насіння пасльонових при зберіганні в

контрольованих умовах.

Резюме. Визначено високий рівень зберігання схожості насіння

помідору, баклажану, фізалісу клейкоплодого, пасльону солодко-

гіркого в контрольованих умовах вологості насіння протягом 4-13

років. Для насіння помідорів кращою для зберігання виявилась

вологість 3-3,5 %. Для насіння баклажану 2,2-3 %. Для насіння

пасльонових з контрольованою вологістю переваг зберігання в умовах

низької додатної температури перед умовами нерегульованої

температури в умовах східного Лісостепу України не виявлено.

Fig. 1. – Germination of tomato seed after storage

at 3-3.5 % moisture content

Fig. 2. – Germination of tomato seed after storage at 3.6-4 %

moisture content and low positive temperature

Fig. 3. – Germination of tomato seed after storage at 3.6-4 %

moisture content and uncontroled temperature

Fig. 4. – Germination of eggplant seed germination after storage

at 2-3 % moisture content


UDC: 635.261:631. 523

L.I. Kapustina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

R.G. Melnik, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

M.I. Gubar, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

Section of breeding of vegetables


NEW VARIETY OF WINTER GARLIS

As a result of selective breeding created a new variety of winter

garlic Oleksandriivskyy.

Keywords: garlic, source material, grade, performance.

Introduction. Garlic on the content of dry matter and protein is one

of the first places among the onion crop. Among vegetable foods garlic in

importance is a leading plant and the volume of sales in the global food

market vegetable stands after cabbage, beetroot, carrots, tomatoes and other

vegetables, ranking on a scale of demand seventh [2, 7]. Garlic contains

some elements of nutrition, vitamins, and antibiotic substances – volatile,

are endowed with strong disinfecting properties. Therefore, it is widely

used in medicine and veterinary medicine, as a seasoning in cooking,

salting and pickling vegetables [1].

In Ukraine, the area under garlic makes 19-20 thousand hectares. But

the demand far outstrips supply garlic. Although we need to fully meet

garlic until-we cannot, it falls to import from abroad. The main problem of

farms that are now trying to focus its production on an industrial scale,

there is a shortage of planting material recognized varieties [2].

Therefore, addressing the issue of increasing the production of garlic

through the creation and introduction of new varieties is a priority,

important and relevant today.

The aim of research. Create a variety of medium ripe of winter

garlic, which is resistant to diseases and adverse environmental factors,

with high biologically valuable of components.

The method of researches. The study was conducted at the

Experimental Station of the Kiev department of IVM and breeding of

vegetables at Horticulture Institute of NAAS during 2011-2113 years in the © Kapustina L.I., Melnik R.G., Gubar M.I., 2014.

climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone, soil research areas is a black

soil ashed little humus medium loam. The content of humus in the plow

layer (0-30 cm) is 2.25 %, pH of water extract 5.8-6.2. The content of

mobile forms of: N – 3.6 mg P2O5 – 15.6 mg, K2O – 4.0 mg per 100 g of

soil, the sum of absorbed bases – 20.19 mg-equivalent.

Selection work on creating new varieties of winter garlic carried out

according to the "Methodology Research affairs in Vegetables and Melons"

[3], "Modern methods of selection of vegetables and melons" [4].

Prospective shape evaluated by the method of state strain testing [5].

Source material is local forms of winter garlic, which were selected from

different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. The work was carried out in five

nurseries: collection, selection and pre-testing and basic multiplication.

Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the procedures

described B. A. Dospekhov [6].

The results of researches. As a result of selective breeding, by

clonal selection was obtained from the local in Kirovograd region forms a

new medium ripe, winter resistant, high yielding variety of garlic

Oleksandriivskyy. A new variety of winter garlic belongs to the subspecies

which is the arrow, many flowers. The total plant height is 50-60 cm, fake

stem – 23-28 cm with a dense foliage that has a direct and semi direct

position in relation to the false stem. The color of leaf blades are

moderately green, 30-35 cm long, 2.5-3.0 cm wide. With oral unreal stem

plants goes hand in length and 50 cm. The arrow ends globular

inflorescences which are up to 150 pcs. aerial bulblets. The underground

bulb in shape is round-flap, color coating is light purple scales, the number

of cloves – 6-8 pcs., сolor scales cloves – brown, flesh color cloves – white.

The variety Oleksandriivskyy is a medium ripe, winter resistant, the

growing season is 100 days with a friendly ripening, product yield is

10.05 t/ha, the mass underground bulbs is 56.0-68.0 g, max to 100.0 g, the

mass of one cloves 7.0-10.0 g, is resistant to the most common disease

(Fusarium) (Table 1). Content underground bulbs dry soluble substances –

39.75 %, sugar – 23.05 %, ascorbic acid – 16.65 mg/100 g is recommended

for growing in Steppes of Ukraine.

Conclusions. Created a new medium ripe varieties of winter garlic

Oleksandriivskyy with yield of 10 t/ha, which was transferred to the State

service for the protection varieties of plant of Ukraine.

1. – Characteristics of the main economic characteristics of the new

varieties of winter garlic Oleksandriivskyy

Indicators Year Oleksandri-

ivskyy

Promin

(standard)

± to

standard

Number of days from

germination to mass

drying of lower leaves,

days

2012

2013

average

96

97

96,5

102

96

99

-6

1

-2,5

The total yield, t/ha 2012

2013

average

7,8

12,4

10,1

6,4

7,6

7,0

1,4

4,8

3,1

SSD05, t/ha 2012

2013

1,2

2,3

The product yield, t/ha 2012

2013

average

7,7

12,4

10,05

6,2

7,4

6,8

1,5

5,0

3,25

SSD05, t/ha 2012

2013

1,1

2,1

Mass commodity sub-

terrestrial of bulbs, g

2012

2013

average

44,0

68,0

56,0

35,0

42,0

38,5

9,0

26,0

17,5

Prevalence of disease,

%

2012

2013

average

-

-

-

1,0

0,5

0,75

-1,0

-0,5

-0,75

Winter hardiness, % 2012

2013

average

98

100

99

97

98

97,5

1

2

1,5

Bibliography.

1. Alekseeva M. V. Chesnok. / М. V. Alekseeva. – М. :

Rosselkhozizdat, 1977. – 102 s.

2. Goncharov О. М. sort – vazhlyvyy element vyroshchyvannya chasnyku /

О. М. Goncharov // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo: Mizhvidomchyy

tematychnyy naukovyy zbirnyk. – Kh., 2013. – Vyp. 59. – S. 49-58.

3. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi / [Zа

red. G. L. Bondarenka, К. І. Yakovenka]. – Kh., 2001. – 365 s.

4. Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh kultur / [Pid

red. Т. К. Gorovoi i К. І. Yakovenkа] – Kh. : 2001. – 644 s.

5. Metodyka polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki

rezultatov issledovaniy) / [Pod red. B. A. Dospekhova]. – М. :

Agropromizdat, 1985. – 350 s.

6. Metodyka Derzhavnogo sortovyprobuvannya silskogospodarskykh

kultur [Теkst] / [Pid red. V. V. Vovkodava]. – К., 2001. – S. 311-356.

7. Popkov V. А. Chesnok : biologiya, tekhnologiya, ekonomika /

V. А. Popkov. – Minsk : Nasha Ideya. 2012. – 768 s.

Л.И. Капустина, Р.Г. Мельник, М.И. Губар

Новый сорт озимого чеснока.

Резюме. В результате селекционной работы выведен новый сорт

озимого чеснока Александриевский.

Л.І. Капустіна, Р.Г. Мельник, М.І. Губар

Новий сорт озимого часнику.

Резюме. В результаті селекційної роботи створено новий сорт

озимого часнику Олександріївський.


UDC: 631:527:635.62

І.I. Kolesnik, Candidate of Agricultural Science

Dnepropetrovsk Breeding Experiment Station IVM of NAAS

THE METHOD OF BREEDING OF PUMPKINS ON EARLINESS

The research results have to develop a new method of selection of

muscat Pumpkin direction on earliness. The method can accelerate the

selection process on the basis of earliness 3-4 years through negative

selection during budding and flowering of female flowers to remove from

the population more late biotypes.

Keywords: method of breeding, earliness, Cucurbita moschata,

varietal population, negative selection.

Introduction. Earliness varieties of Cucurbita moschata, the most

thermophilic species of pumpkin needed for dear region of Ukraine,

especially for the northern and central areas of Ukraine where earliness

culture often determines the marketable yield and quality of fruit pulp

chemical composition.

In the selection of pumpkins on earliness are well known methods

that are based on hybridization and repeated mass or individual selection

[1]. The effectiveness of breeding for earliness depends primarily on

finding quick forms, which are used as starting material for hybridization.

Further, the generations splitting will conduct precocious selection of

plants as from free pollination and self-pollination of enforcement (intsuht)

plants within the hybrid population.

In the first case, the drawback is the high probability repeated

pollination precocious of late biotypes, which significantly slows down the

selection process in the direction of creating forms ripening pumpkins. The

disadvantage of the method intsuht which means exclusion during

flowering pumpkin cross-pollination between different plants have high

labor costs for the isolation of female and male flowers within a plant,

carrying a large volume artificial crosses and low fruit set percentage (10-

15 %). In addition, this method does not guarantee 100 % aqueous

pollination own pollen. © Kolesnik II, 2014.

In both methods of work in breeding kennels takes at least 5-6 years.

From literature data it is known that plants of the family Cucurbitaceae closer

to the base of the stem laid the female flowers, the ceteris paribus quickly

formed and mature fruit. In the pumpkin in most cases the most ripening fruits

genotypes formed on the main shoot in the axils of leaf 5-12 [2].

The purpose of research. A new way of accelerating the task of the

selection process and agronomic populations of muscat pumpkins in the

direction of earliness, increasing their phenotypic uniform for friendliness

ripening fruit in the field while maintaining other important features (stable

performance, resistance to major diseases, quality of pulp, morphological

options of fetus, etc.).

The methodology of the experiment. The starting point for

developing a new method was the feasibility of selection for earliness, not

only for the direct, but also features side to maintain biotypes that before

female flowers bloom under the same environmental conditions. The work

carried out in the department of Dnepropetrovsk breeding research station

IVM of NAAS of Ukraine for 2005-2013 years.

The results and discussion. The method was carried out as follows.

Sowings pumpkin performed in optimal time, by hand, 5-6 seeds in

individual cells. Plants were grown at a high agricultural background,

providing them with the same fertilizer and care.

Previously the task later achieved that in the first thinning (during the

emergence of female buds) conducted the first negative selection. In the

nest leaving only those plants that formed the female buds as close to the

cotyledon leaves (in the 5-9-th node of the main stem). All other plants that

do not have at this time the female buds were removed in order to prevent

further their re-pollination of ripening varietal biotypes within populations’

of muscat pumpkin.

In the phase of flowering of female flowers carried a second negative

selection, which aimed to remove from the plant populations that do not

bloom for two to three days early phase of flowering female flowers. Seeds,

remaining after the second varietal cleaning were used for the next

generation. The described procedure was repeated for one or two

generations.

The proposed method has allowed creating a population that is

almost not inferior to commodity quality and standards in fetuses of the

control group of plants, where the selection of plants carried out multiple

mass or individual selections by halves. Already established in this way the

population was characterized not only more ripening (7-10 days) and high

phenotypic uniformity of fruit ripening by friendliness, but the maximum

suitability for mechanical harvesting of fruit.

A positive difference already developed method is that it is aimed at

selection for earliness side features can reduce labor costs and time to level

the genes from the population as a result of late ripeness of pollination only

early biotypes that bloom, and thus reduce the selection process at least 3-4

years.

This method in combination with stabilizing selection of plants and

fruits on a set of important features (morphological signs of productivity,

quality pulp, etc.) as a result of selective breeding within the population

varietal's Novynka x Arabatskyi was established early maturing (115-120

days) variety of muscat pumpkin Dolya which already has fruit yield 25-30

t/ha, dry matter content – 9-12 %, carotene –13-15 mg/%, is highly suitable

for industrial processing for children and general nutrition.

A new method has been tested on other populations of muscat

pumpkin (Balm x Alba, Novynka x Alba, Novynka x Balm, etc.) and show

its high efficiency in the management of breeding with a pumpkin in the

direction earliness. Based on the results of their research received a patent

for utility model [3].

Conclusions. The invention can be used in breeding and genetic

work in creating precocious forms of culture and improving populations of

other cultivated species of pumpkin (solid crust and large) on the basis of

earliness.

The method can accelerate the selection process on the basis of

earliness 3-4 years at the expense of negative selections during budding and

flowering of female flowers to remove from the population more mature

late biotypes, increase phenotypic uniformity populations of muscat

pumpkin for friendliness ripening fruit while maintaining stable

performance and other agronomic traits, making new varieties and lines

pumpkins most suitable for mechanical harvesting of fruits and industrial

processing compared to other populations of muscat pumpkin which

breeding for earliness was conducted by conventional methods.

Bibliography.

1. Metodyka selektsiynogo protsesu ta provedennya polovykh

doslidzhen z bashtannymy kulturamy: Metodychni rekomendatsii /

[Lymar А. О. , Snigovyy V. S., Kashcheev О. Ya. ta in.]. – К. : Agrarna

nauka, 2001. – 132 s.

2. Fursa T. B. Kulturnaya flora SSSR. Tykvennye / Т. B. Fursа,

А. I. Filov. – T. 21. – М. : Колос, 1982, – 279 s.

3. Patent na korysnu model 92158 Ukrainа, MPK7 А 01 Н 1/04.

Sposib selektsii garbuza na skorostyglist / Kolesnik І. І.; zayavnyk I

patentovlasnyk Dnipropetrovska doslidna stantsiya ІОB NААN. –

№ 201312830; zayavl. 04.11.2013; opubl. 11.08 2014. Byul. № 15.

И.И.Колесник

Способ селекции тыквы на скороспелость.

Резюме. Приведены результаты исследований по разработке

нового способа селекции мускатной тыквы в направлении

скороспелости. Способ позволяет ускорить селекционный процесс по

признаку скороспелости на 3-4 года путем проведения негативных

отборов во время бутонизации и цветения женских цветков с целью

удаления из популяции более позднеспелых биотипов.

І.І. Колесник

Спосіб селекції гарбуза на скоростиглість.

Резюме. Наведено результати досліджень з розробки нового

способу селекції мускатного гарбуза в напряму скоростиглості. Спосіб

дозволяє прискорити селекційний процес за ознакою скоростиглість

на 3-4 роки шляхом проведення негативних відборів під час

бутонізації і цвітіння жіночих квіток з метою видалення із популяції

більш пізньостиглих біотипів.


UDC: 631:527:635.62

І.I. Kolesnik, Candidate of Agricultural Science

Dnepropetrovsk Breeding experiment station IVM of NAAS

GENETIC RESOURCES OF GREAT FRUITFUL PUMPKIN

IN BREEDING FOR SEED PRODUCTION

Already deals with the results of the study on genetic resources in

breeding of pumpkin for seed productivity. Was established line of Kr-RL

pumpkin seed type of application.

Keyworlds: pumpkin, breeding, seed production, seed variety, line,

hybrid, genetic marker.

Introduction. Large reserve in solving problems that are known

today in breeding and seed paper with pumpkin (increase yield and seed

quality, seed monitoring market) is the transition to heterosis breeding.

For the conditions of Steppe and Forest-steppe of Ukraine as areas

that are most favorable to the cultivation of pumpkin seeds, remains

relevant establishing a competitive hybrid pumpkin seed productivity of 8-

10 kg seeds per 1 hectare.

High speed renovation assortment F1 of watermelon, melon and

squash in foreign companies due to the optimal distribution of the selection

process through specific stages: continuous replenishment genetics bank

baselines; applications for the formation of new hybrids on certain models;

creating hybrids tested and the best choice; breeding lines and hybrids;

realization of seed [1]. In Ukraine, the study on pumpkin seed production

devoted to research D. I. Sokolova, I. I. Kolesnika and Z. D. Sycha [2, 3].

Heterosis effect on seed yield was found to of many intervarietal hybrids.

But the main issue is to develop a simple and effective way of growing

heterosis seeds – still not solved. So in turn become new tasks: 1) creation

of genetically lines aligned with high short circuit capacity for seed; 2)

development of effective methods of seed production and reduce the cost of

hybrid seed.

In heterosis breeding of great fruitful of pumpkin seed is possible to

use different signal features that are associated with leaf morphology

(dissected leaf, silver leaf, yellow-green color of the first leaves), stems © Коlesnik І.І., 2014.

(long hypocotyls, bush form). Use lines with recessive color of fruits and

seed makes it possible to distinguish the following line in the collection of

fruit and seed selection.

The aim of research. The study of genetic diversity of great fruitful

of pumpkin seeds in terms of performance. Select and create genetic

resources for heterosis breeding seed directly use. Conducting of

hybridization of lines are perspectives for different models. Reproduction

and improving maternal and male lines heterosis hybrids seed purposes.

The methodology of the experiment. The work performed during

2010-2014 years in heterosis breeding kennels: collection (60 samples),

intsuht lines (60 lines), hybridization (for 3-models get hybrids),

reproduction and male parent lines (15 lines), competitive test (21 hybrid

seed use). The study was performed on proven in melons methods [4-9].

Breeding work methods were intsuht, individual and family, and negative

selection of free pollination).

The results and discussion. Seed production of collection numbers

depend on the genetic characteristics of the variety and weather conditions

year. The amplitude of the fluctuations in yield from one plant seeds of

C. maxima variants was 10-101 g interconnection traits (seed production of

more than 100 g/plant and weight of 1000 seeds) found 10 sources (Zevs,

Altair, Volzkyy siryy 92, Rozhevyy banan, Sachyno, Michurynets, K-4311,

La Banda, Rug Vif Kvinslend blu, Narodnyy).

In heterosis breeding of interest are genetic markers. Collection

"signal" includes signs: gray leaf (gene grl), dissected leaf (genes lo-1 and

Lo-2), a light yellow color of corolla (gene ly).

As a result of the new line was obtained material for heterosis breeding

was rejected promising line method intsuht found and fixed lines in the

offspring of valuable features. Was defined seed productivity in 60 lines of

different generations of inbreeding (I1-I6.). In 16 lines seed yield per plant was

100-150 g, in 4 more than 150 g (158-178 g). In plants I1 inhibition was

observed. In older generations (third-sixth) noted signs of partial depression in

size and weight of the fruit and seed yield valuable. Besidea of performance,

and its basic elements (weight of the fetus and the number of fruits) lines was

analyzed by linear parameters of seeds. Research seed productivity of large

linear material productive species showed significant variability pumpkin lines

for fruits containing seeds of different lines (Table 1). For generations of seed

production varied: the first – 38.5 (magnitude of the analyzed fruits 4-132 g);

third – 54 g (46-121 g), the fifth – 42g (3-116), sixth – 45 g (7-97). Within each

generation personal selection method were selected fruit with seed yield more

than 80 g.

In the area creating hybrids F1 seed designation used different mating

systems: components crossing were 3 types of parent forms: 1) for female

type; 2) line with two marker signs (bushiness and dissected leaf); 3) line

with a set of dominant economically important traits. Hybridization was

performed with tear off of male buds and flowers on the parent form.

In nursery trials studied 21 large productive hybrid types on a

background of parental forms. Hybrids purpose of seed yield was estimated

by commodity fruit yield seeds from one plant and per unit area, seed

parameters (color, size) in dry soluble substances resistant to bacteriosis

(Table 2).

Hybrids of pumpkins in 2013 formed a relatively high commodity

yields (291-454 kg/ha). The average yield of hybrids was 341 kg/ha. For

commodity yield fruits isolated 5 hybrids: G-11 (398 kg/ha), G-8

(408 kg/ha), G-9 (423 kg/ha), G-7 and G-18 (by 454 kg/ha). The high yield

seeds (more than 6 kg/ha) was marked in 7 hybrids: G-21 (6.0), G-10 (6.5),

G-13 (6.9), G-14 (7. 2) G-7 (7.4), G-18 (7.7), G-1 (7.8).

In 2014, marketable fruit yield of 370 kg/ha and more hybrids

showed numbered 1 (371 kg/ha), 20 (400 kg/ha), 8 (402 kg/ha), 14

(420 kg/ha), 21 (422 kg/ha), 18 (556 kg/ha). High seed productivity noted

in hybrids № 17 (7.0 kg/ha), № 15 and № 21 (by 7.2 kg/ha), № 8

(7.4 kg/ha), № 14 (7.5 kg/ha), № 9 and № 20 (7.9 kg/ha), №9 (8,6 kg/ha).

Over 2 years of research on seed yield (at 6-8 kg/ha) identified 6

hybrids: G-1, G-13 (by 6.3 kg/ha), G-10 (6.5 kg/ha), G-21 (6.6 kg/ha), G-

14 (7.4 kg/ha), G-7 (8.0 kg/ha), which is 3,0-4,7 kg/ha more than standard

Valok (3.3 kg/ha).

To create hybrids with high seed productivity propagated small bush

fruitful and long stem form of pumpkin of fruitful type Cucurbita maxima

Duch. with large white seeds. Coarsely seed lines represent great interest as

the parent form hybrids. As a male hybrid components are supported by

lines that are warm dense growths of complex dominant or recessive traits.

Based on the methods of selection and improved intsuht 15 lines of

seed directly use. Below are descriptions of lines – components of hybrids

with high seed productivity.

Line SvCh. Dedicated to the bush varieties Sviten own selection.

Bush plant lines form a rather large (6-8 kg) red fruits (dominant trait), with

large (mass 1000 – 300-360 g) white seeds. There is resistant to powdery

mildew (lesion score – 1.0-1.2) and bacteriosis (0.6). It features a very early

formation of female flowers before the flowering of male flowers.

Line KH. Highly productive line dedicated to the simple hybrid,

which was created with the participation of a variety Volzhskyy siryy 92.

The fruit are gray, large. Fruit yield 50-60 t/ha. Seeds are white, large,

weighing 380-430 g, are resistant to powdery mildew (0.4-1.0 points) and

bacteriosis (0.8 points).

Line Vs KH. Coarsely seed of line, which is based on a variety

Volzhskyy siryy 92 is resistant to cracking and fruit against powdery

mildew. Fruits of gray, flattened. Seeds are broadly oval, white and large

(400-440 g).

Line Zhdana BH. Type are large fruitful. Central line are ripe, table

(110-120 days, 11.0-12.0 s.r.r.). Generates of fruit are gray color. The pulp

is red-orange, dense and very sweet. Seeds are white (dominant trait).

There is high in carotene. When storing fruits blush. is resistant to powdery

mildew (lesion score – 0.1). Well ripen in the field in the Northern of

Steppe zone.

At the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine has

been prepared and submitted to a complex line of pumpkins features that

are valuable for breeding hybrid seed type of application. New line Kr-RL

(Cucurbita maxima Duch. var. maxima) created by individual selection of

bush varieties Krayan.

Line 2 is represented by plants with marker signs – bushiness and

dissected leaf, which markedly evident in stage 3-5 true leaves you. The

fruit is gray, small and medium in size and weight (3-5 kg). It features

abundant early flowering of male flowers. Seeds are white, average (mass

of 1000 pcs. are 250-280 g). The average seed productions are 60-80 g per

plant.

Plants of the new line of Kr-RL are a shrub, with dissected leaves, fruits

are gray, flattened and white seeds are large. The new line is second original

form class Krayan the yield of fruit, but a combination of two extremely

valuable marker signs (bushiness and dissected leaf) and high performance

combinational ability for seed, is a promising line for heterosis breeding as

maternal or paternal form during the subsequent creation of hybrid seed

direction of. Early is ripe (within species of large fruitful pumpkin) – 118 days,

is phenotypic aligned. It is relatively resistant to environmental stress. There is

a friendly flowering, both male and female flowers. It is highly suitable for

mechanized cultivation between rows and combines harvesting the fruit.

As a result of testing line had the following parameters: total yield –

35.0 t/ha, commodity – 32.0 t/ha, the average weight of commodity of

fruits – 2.8 kg, the growing season is 120 days; dry matter content – 8.0 %,

carotene – 4.0 mg %; resistance to powdery mildew – 7 points, bacteriosis

– 7 points, cold resistance – 7 points, drought and heat resistance – 7

points; seed production – 6.0 kg/ha (Table 3).

Conclusions. With the combination of traits (seed production of

more than 100 g/plant and weight of 1000 seeds) have found 10 sources

(Zevs, Altair, Volzhskyy siryy 92, Rozhevyy banan, Sachyno, Michurynets,

K-4311, La Banda, Rug Vif Kvinslend Blu, Narodnyy).

Already was defined seed productivity in 60 lines of different

generations inbreeding (I1-I6). In 16 lines seed yield per plant was

100-150 g, 4 more than 150 g (158-178 g).

Over 2 years of research on seed yield (at 6-8 kg/ha) identified 6

hybrids: G-1, G-13 (by 6.3 kg/ha), G-10 (6.5 kg/ha) G-21 (6.6 kg/ha) G-14

(7.4 kg/ha), G-7 (8.0 kg/ha), which is 3.0-4.7 kg/ha more than standard

Valok (3.3 kg/ha).

To the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

transferred pumpkin with a set of signs of selection for hybrid seed type of

application. New line of Kr-RL (Cucurbita maxima Duch. var. maxima)

created by individual selection of bush varieties Krayan.

Bibliography.

1. Каvun, dynya, garbuz / Sych Z. D., Коlesnik І. І., Didenko V. P. //

Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh I bashtannykh kultur. – Kh., 2001. –

644 s.

2. Sokolov D. I. Tykvа – semyaproduktivnost, vykhod masla I ego

zhurnokislotnyy sostav / D. I. Sokolov // Маterialy mizhnar. nauk. konf.

20-21 lyutogo 1996 r. – Gola Prystan, 1996. – S. 150-152.

3. Коlesnik І. І. Bagatonasinnevyy garbuz – perspektyvna oliyna

kultura dlya Ukrainy / І. І. Коlesnik, Z. D. Sych // Маterialy mizhnar. nauk.

konf. 20-21 lyutogo 1996 r. – Gola Prystan, 1996. – S. 44-46.



5. Metodyka selektsiynogo protsesu ta provedennya polovykh

doslidzhen z bashtannymy kulturamy: Metodychni rekomendatsii /

[Lymar А. О., Snigovyy V. S., Kashcheev О. Ya. ta in.]. – К. : Agrarna

nauka, 2001. – 132 s.

6. Didenko V. P. Stvorennya geterozysnykh gibrydnykh populyatsiy

F1 kavuna z vykorystannyam materynskykh liniy monotsiynogo typu /

V. P. Didenko, О. А. Brytik // Metodychni vkazivky. – Kherson : Literа,

2002. – 11 s.

7. Shyrokiy unifitsirovannyy klassifikator SEV kulturnykh vidov

roda Cucurbita L. (tykvа) / [ sost. Yuldasheva L., Korneychuk V. (SSSR);

Pekarkovа Е. (CHSSR)]. – L. : VIR, 1989. – 21 s.

8. Fitopatologicheskaya otsenka selektsionnogo materiala ovochnykh

kultur (Metodicheskie ukazaniya) / [Kollektiv avtorov]. – Kh. : UNIIOB,

1990. – 52 s.

9. Dospekhov B. А. Metodika polevogo opyta / B. А. Dospekhov –

М. : Коlos, 1979. – 416 s.

И.И. Колесник

Генетические ресурсы тыквы крупноплодной в селекции на

семенную продуктивность.

Резюме. Освещены результаты работы по изучению

генетических ресурсов в селекции на семенную продуктивность.

Создана линия тыквы Кр-РЛ семенного типа использования.

І.І. Колесник

Генетичні ресурси гарбуза великоплідного в селекції на

насіннєву продуктивність.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати роботи по вивченню генетичних

ресурсів гарбуза в селекції на насіннєву продуктивність. Створено

лінію гарбуза Кр-РЛ насіннєвого типу використання.

1. – Economic and biological characteristics of some lines

first-sixth of intsuht generation

Seed

productivity, g Number of line,

sample average min max

I1

L-14142, Narodnyy 62 34 100

L-14145, Goliaf 82 16 120

L-14158, Krypnoplidnyy 91 64 105

L-14159, Krypnoplidnyy 76 53 111

L-14164, Rekord 96 36 132

L-14165, Rekord 59 44 100

L-14186,

Gvatemalskyy syniy banan

73 56 95

average for generation 38,5

I3

L-14226, La Banda 70 76 66 92

L-14231, Krayan 77 69 84

L-14235, Тroyanda 92 67 121

L-14240, к-4311 100 80 115

L-14243, Mistseva z Gretsii 70 46 111

average for generation 54

I5

L-14274, Valok 105 94 116

L-14281, к-4311 76 46 108


I6


2. – Characterization sortolineynyh F1 hybrids

large pumpkin 2013-years

The yield of fruits,

q/ha

The yield of

seeds, q/ha Number

of hybrid

2013/

2014 average

2013/

2014 average

Seeds

for

color

Seeds for

size

Valok 240/250 255 3,1/3,5 3,3 white average

G-1 352/371 362 7,8/4,8 6,3 white large

G-2 311/334 323 4,7/5,0 4,9 white large

G-3 291/343 317 3,1/6,2 4,7 white large

G-4 367/289 328 4,6/4,6 4,6 white large

G-5 378/276 327 3,8/5,0 4,4 white large

G-6 306/292 294 4,6/5,4 5,0 white large

G-7 454/310 382 7,4/8,6 8,0 white large

G-8 408/402 405 4,0/7,4 5,7 white large

G-9 423/257 340 2,3/7,9 5,1 white large

G-10 337/272 305 6,5/6,5 6,5 white large

G-11 398/370 384 2,9/5,0 4,0 white large

G-12 352/310 331 4,6/6,1 5,4 white large

G-13 306/307 307 6,9/5,7 6,3 white large

G-14 352/420 386 7,2/7,5 7,4 white large

G-15 316/336 326 5,1/7,2 6,2 white large

G-16 321/212 267 3,1/4,8 4,0 white large

G-17 357/279 318 3,1/7,0 5,1 white large

G-18 454/556 505 7,7/6,6 7,2 white large

G-19 372/202 287 3,6/2,4 3,0 white large

G-20 321/400 311 3,2/7,9 5,6 white large

G-21 337/422 380 6,0/7,2 6,6 white large

SSD0.05 46/64 0,4/0,2

average 348/328 338 4,9/6,0 5,4

3. – Characterization of a new line of pumpkin of large fruitful Kr-RL in

comparison with the original form Krayan, 2012-2013 years

The level of expression of traits

the average for the 2012-2013 years Economically valuable

properties Line Кr-RL Variety Kayan

Yield and its components:

total yield, t/ha 32,5 (30,0–35,0) 37,5 (35,0–40,0)

commodity yield, t/ha 30,0 (28,0–32,0) 35,0 (33,0–37,0)

average weight of marketable

fruit, kg

2,65 (2,50–2,80) 3,50 (3,30–3,70)

The growing season (days) 118 (115–120) 128 (125–130)

Quality (biochemical composition

and technological properties)

dry matter, % 7,5 (7,0–8,0) 7,5 (7,0–8,0)

carotene, mg % 6,0 (5,0–7,0) 3,5 (3,0–4,0)

suitability for mechanical

harvesting of fruits, ball

9 9

Resistance to biotic factors

mildew, ball 7 5

bacteriosis, ball 7 5

Resistance to abiotic factors

cold resistance, ball 7 7

drought, ball 7 7

heat resistance, ball 7 7

Seed production, q/ha 6 4


UDC: 631.42.2:635.21

V.A. Koltunov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences,

V.V. Boroday, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor,


T.V. Danilkova, Aspirant, Head of forecasting methodological state of

phytosanitary inspection of Lviv region

CHANGES IN THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC SOIL MICROFLORA

AT THE APPLICATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL

PREPARATIONS IN AGROCOENOSIS OF SOLANUM

TUBEROSUM L. IN WESTERN STEPPE LVIV REGION

The using of microbiological preparations Phytozids, Planriz,

Diazofit and Fosfoenterin in the agrocenosis of Solanum tuberosum L.

region reduced the population density of the pathogens of genera Fusarium

and Alternaria in the soil, increased the total number of saprophytic

microorganisms in Western Steppe of Lviv region. It was proved that using

of Planriz + Ridomil Gold was more effective than one fungicide.

Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., phytopathogenic microflora,

microbiological preparations.

Introduction. Diseases are one of the major factors that reduce of

commodity quality of potatoes, vegetables and fruit and cause great losses

during their transportation and storage. Placement in storage the

substandard products at the fall cause losses in the spring. Therefore,

decrease of the number of pathogenic organisms in the soil and potato

tubers is necessary during the growing season [2, 4]. In recent years, more

attention is paid to the development of methods of environmental

protection of the products to be considered as an alternative to chemical

methods of protection, affecting the ecology agrophytocenoses. Biological

preparations allow obtaining clean products that contain natural effective

strains which cannot cause a man distant genetic effects like unnatural

chemically synthesized tools [1, 3, 6, 9].

The aim of research. The impact of biological preparations on the

growth and development of modern potato varieties requires the further

research and study in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine. The © Koltunov V.A., Boroday V.V., Danilkova T.V., 2014.

study of the microbial soil conenose peculiarities at growing potatoes at the

treatment of biological products Planryz and mixtures of Planryz + Diazofit

+ Fosfoenterin (FMB). The study of the comparative assessment of the

ratio of spore-forming and non-spore bacteria, actinomycetes,

phytopathogenic and saprophytic fungi at growing early variety

Skarbnitsya and middle-variety Lileya depending on the processing of

biological products, the timing of planting in the Western-Steppe of Lviv

region was the task of research.

The method of researches. The study was conducted during 2009-

2012. The biological products of Planryz was studied – from bacteria

Pseudomonas fluorescence strain AR-33, 2.0 l/ha, Diazofit (active

ingredient – bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter, 0.2 l/ha), Fosforoenteryn

– biological products based on phosphorus bacteria Enterobacter

nimipressuralis 32-3 (FMB – fosforomobilizator 0,2 l/ha). As biological

control using Fitotsyd (based on Bacillus subtilis, 1 l/ha), chemical –

Rydomil Gold MTS68 WG, 2.5 l/ha. The tubers before planting and during

budding and after flowering – plants were treated by preparations [2, 4].

Experiments conducted on the 1-st (27-30 April), 2-nd (12-15 May)

planting dates. The micro flora of soil was studied using the method of

successive dilutions soil suspension ranked last in elective nutrient medium

further records of colonies that grew on them, the study of morphological

and cultural properties of selected isolates [7, 8]. Statistical analysis of the

data was performed by a computer program Excel.

The results of researches. Members of the genus Fusarium

appeared the most common pathogenic among micromycetes in the spring

before planting tubers (their number ranged in 30.0-47.5 % among the main

allocated micromycetes). Also, a significant proportion of dry spot

occupied pathogens Alternaria spp. – 15.2-20.8 % Penicillium spp.,

Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma spp. met among of the saprophytes (Table 1,

2). Weather conditions were in most cases favorable for plants in the

Forest-Steppe zone of the Western in Lviv region for growing potatoes in

the 1 planting. The hydrothermal coefficient, estimated us (1.1-1.4),

showed that their definitions close to optimal performance in most cases

(1.0-1.5) [4]. The third decade of April (1st term landing) was the best

available planting potatoes in the Forest-Steppe zone of Western in Lviv

region. May planting inhibit plant growth and development, leading to a

significant reduction in the yield of tubers, increases the incidence of fungal

and bacterial diseases during the growing season [2, 4].

Application of microbiological preparations Fitotsyd, Planryz,

Diazofit and Fosforoenteryn reduced of infection load (the number of the

genera Fusarium and Alternaria) in the soil during potatoes growing. The

most effective action had a composition of microbial preparations Planryz

+Diazofit + Fosforoenteryn. The using of this composition decreased the

number of Fusarium and Alternaria rot compared with control in a Lileya

on average in 1,6-7,2 times, in a Skarbnytsya – in 6,1-11,5 times. The using

of Planryz approached to this variant at the efficiency (respectively 1.3-2.5

and 2.5-4.8 times). The biological products were mainly effective for

biological control Fitotsyd. The efficiency of inoculation can be improved

at the using of sharing multiple strains with different rhizobacteria

properties and mechanisms of interaction with the plant. It based on the

expansion of ecological plasticity and multi-band compatibility of bacterial

inoculums with the plant and using of the principles of additively and

synergism in the interaction between the plant and several associates [5,

10]. Increased effectiveness of general introduction of the nitrogen-

assimilating bacteria and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria compared to

monocultures described relatively long ago. Their additive and synergistic

effects caused by activation of mineral nutrition of plants and optimization

of its balance sheet through intensive absorption of nitrogen and phosphate

fertilizers and nitrogen-fixing activity and increased survival rate in roots

[1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11].

It is known that the increase of pesticides load leads to reduction of

the eco-trophic groups’ number of microorganisms, significantly change

the ratio between them, violation of the functional connections in agro-

ecosystems, and reduce the biological activity in the soil [1, 3, 9]. The

using of chemical fungicide Rydomil Gold increased the number of

pathogens Alternaria and Fusarium in the soil compared with controls

(respectively 2,6-8,2 % against 2,1-9,6 % in controls). The mixture of

Planryz and chemical fungicides Rydomil Gold MTS increased the

efficiency of pesticide, for example the number of phytopathogens in the

soil in Lileya decreased an average in 1,0-5,0 times, Skarbnytsya – in 4,2-

5,8 times. It is known that the complex of readily available organic carbon

and energy sources mixtures actively enters in the rhizosphere of roots and

makes it high microbiological activity and formation of specific

rhizosphere microbial communities that differ from the soil microbiota. The

diversity of these communities is determined by quantitative and qualitative

composition of root secretions, depending on the genotype of plants,

growing conditions, complex of soil and climatic factors [5, 10]. The

biological preparations were more effectively at growing more resistant to

disease Skarbnytsya compared to Lileya in the Western Forest-Steppe.

Microbiological preparations may be used to increase the rotation

suppressive soils towards pathogens. The suppression of soil connects with

the active development of saprotrophic microflora, such as fungi of the

genus Trichoderma, which produces the antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes

and can inhibit the growth of phytopathogens in the plants rhizosphere [1,

5, 9]. The applying of biological preparations increased of soil pool of

micromycetes Trichoderma spp. at compared with the control and

application of a fungicide (respectively 3.7-9.1 thousand/g, compared to

1.1-2.7 thousand/g).

The protection systems of potatoes against the deceases during the

storage should be ecologically adapted, consider the development of plant,

pathogens, the soil microbiota in specific agro-ecological conditions, plant

response to limiting factors, be based on the well-founded strategy of the

rational using of energy and material resources.

Conclusions. The using of microbiological preparations Fitotsyd,

Planryz, Diazofit and Fosfoenteryn reduced of infection load (the number

of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria) in the soil during potatoes growing

in the soil in the Western-Steppe of Lviv Region. The most effective action

had a composition of microbial preparations Planryz +Diazofit +

Fosforoenteryn. The using of this composition decreased the number of

Fusarium and Alternaria rot compared with control in a Lileya on average

in 1,6-7,2 times, in a Skarbnytsya – in 6,1-11,5 times. The using of mixture

of Planryz and chemical fungicides Rydomil Gold MTS increased the

number of pathogens compared with one fungicide.

Bibliography.

1. Biopreparaty v selskom khozyaystve (metodologiya I praktika

primeneniya mikroorganizmov v rastenievodstve I kormoproizvodstve) /

Tikhonovich I. A., Kozhemyakov А. P., Chebotar V. К. I dr. – М. :

Rosselkhozakademiya, 2005. – 154 s.

2. Boroday V. V. Efektyvnist zastosuvannya biopreperativ pry

vyroshchuvanni kartopli zalezhno vid strokiv sadinnya, gruntovo-

klimatychnoi zony v umovakh Lvivskoi oblasti / Boroday V. V.,

Danilkova Т. V., Коltunov V. А. // Novitni vyroshchyvannya

silskogospodarskykh kultur : zb. nauk. prats – Vyp. 14 – К., 2012. – S.

141-145.

3. Volkogon V. V. Biopreparaty kompleksnoi dii pry

vyroshchuvanni kartopli / V. V. Volkogon, S. B. Dimova // Visn. аgrar.

nauky. – 2005. – № 10. – S. 29-32.

4. Koltunov V. А. Rist, rozvytok I vrozhaynist kartopli zalezhno vid

meteorologichnykh umov vyroshchuvannya I strokiv sadinnya /

[Koltunov V. А., Danilkova T. V., Voytseshyna N. І., Boroday V. V.] //

Каrtoplyarstvо. – 2011. – Vyp. 40. – S. 212-223.

5. Kulikov S. N. Biopreparaty s raznym mekhanizmom deystviya

dlya borby s raznymi vreditelyami kartofelya / [Kulikov S. N.,

Alimova F. К., Zakharona N. G, Nemtsev S. V., Varlamov V. P.] //

Prikladnaya biokhimiya I mikrobiologiya. – 2006. – T. 42. – № 1. – S. 86-

92.

6. Kurdish І. К. Perspektyva zastosuvannya mikrobiv-antagonistiv u

zakhysti agroekosystem vid fitopatogeniv / І. К. Kurdysh //

Silskogospodarska mikrobiologiya : Zb. nauk. prats. – Chernigiv :

TSNТЕІ, 2011. – Vyp.13. – S. 23-41.

7. Metody pochvennoy mikrobiologii I biokhimii / [Pod red.

D. G. Zvyagintsevа]. – М. : МGU, 1991. – 304 s.

8. Nekotorye novye metody kolichestvennogo ucheta pochvennykh

mikroorganizmov I izucheniya ikh svoystv / [Pod red.

Yu. M. Voznyakovskoy]. – L., 1982. – 52 s.

9. Patika V. P. Ekologichni osnovy zastosuvannya biologichnykh

zasobiv zakhystu roslyn yak alternatyvy khimichnym pestytsydam /

V. P. Patika, Т. G. Omelyanets // Agroekologichnyy zhurnal. – 2005. –

№ 2. – S. 21-24.

10. Shaposhnikov А. I. Vzaimodeystvie rizosfernykh bakteriy s

rasteniyami : mekhanizmy obrazovaniya I factory effektivnosti

assotsiativnykh simbiozov / [Shaposhnikov A. I., Belimov А. А.,

Kravchenko L. V., Vivanko V. М.] // Selskokhozyaystvennaya biologiya. –

2011. – № 3. – S.16-21.

11. Mantelin S. Plant growth-promoting bacteria and nitrate

availability: impacts on root development and nitrate uptake / S. Mantelin,

B. Touraine // J. Exp. Bot. – 2004. Vol. 55. – P. 27-34.

В.А. Колтунов, В.В. Бородай, Т.В. Данилкова

Изменения фитопатогенной микрофлоры почв при применении

микробиологических препаратов в агроценозе Solanum tuberosum L. в

условиях западной Лесостепи Львовской области.

Резюме. Применение микробиологических препаратов

фитонцидов, планриз, Диазофиту и Фосфоентерину в агроценозах

Solanum tuberosum L. в условиях Западной Лесостепи Львовской

области способствовало снижению плотности популяций в почве

возбудителей родов Fusarium и Alternaria, увеличению общего

количества сапрофитных микроорганизмов. Совместное применение

Планриза и Ридомила Голд оказалось более эффективным по

сравнению с одним фунгицидом.

В.А. Колтунов, В.В. Бородай, Т.В. Данілкова

Зміни фітопатогенної мікрофлори ґрунтів за застосування

мікробіологічних препаратів в агроценозі Solanum tuberosum L. в

умовах західного лісостепу Львівської області.

Резюме. Застосування мікробіологічних препаратів Фітоциду,

Планризу, Діазофіту та Фосфоентерину в агроценозі Solanum

tuberosum L. в умовах Західного Лісостепу Львівської області сприяло

зниженню щільності популяцій в ґрунті збудників родів Fusarium та

Alternaria, збільшенню загальної кількості сапрофітних

мікроорганізмів. Сумісне застосування Планризу та Ридомілу Голд

виявилось більш ефективним порівняно із одним фунгіцидом.

1. – The impact of biological preparations on the soil microflora during the growing of potatoes

(variety Lileya, Zhovkivsky district, the West-Steppe zone, Lviv region, 2009-2011 years)

Number of microorganisms in 1 g of soil x 103 CFU/g

Micromycetes Variant of

experiment

Total spore-

forming

bacteria

Non

spore-

forming

bacteria

Actino-

mycetes Total Alter-

naria

sp.

Fusa-

rium

sp.

Tricho-

derma

sp.

Peni-

cillium

sp.

Asper-

gillus

spp.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1-st term of planting

Before planting tubers 272,7 11,3 223,4 33,2 4,8 1,6 1,0 2,1 0,0 0,1

The control

(no treatment)

360,3 24,1 286,2 40,0 10,0 2,1 2,0 3,0 2,1 0,8

Biological control,

Fitotsyd

393,6 27,2 313,7 42,2 10,5 1,7 1,5 4,3 1,7 1,3

Chemical control,

Rydomil Gold MTS 68

WG

282,9 19,1 223,4 31,1 9,3 3,3 2,6 2,1 0,9 0,4

Planryz

445,0 32,5 357,1 46,0 9,4 1,6 1,2 3,7 1,8 1,1

Planryz +Diazofit +

FMB

485,8 36,7 393,1 48,2 7,8 1,3 0,0 5,1 1,1 0,3

Duri

ng b

uddin

g

Planryz + Rydomil

Gold MTS 68 WG

243,7 20,2 203,0 15,3 5,2 1,1 0,4 2,5 1,0 0,2

SSD05

0,43 0,10 0,22 0,29 0,23 0,03 0,06 0,02 0,01 0,04

2-nd term of planting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Before planting tubers 307,1 12,4 276,0 11,7 7,0 2,1 1,3 1,8 1,4 0,4

The control

(no treatment)

406,7 23,3 356,7 17,8 8,9 2,4 3,3 2,6 0,0 0,6

Biological control,

Fitotsyd

438,2 27,4 379,1 22,4 9,3 2,0 2,0 3,5 1,8 0,0

Chemical control,

Rydomil Gold MTS 68

WG

293,0 20,1 247,6 15,3 10,0 3,2 2,4 1,1 1,3 2,0

Planryz

423,5 26,7 369,1 19,3 8,4 2,2 1,3 3,7 1,2 0,0

Planryz +Diazofit +

FMB

473,8 28,0 412,3 25,3 8,2 1,8 1,2 4,3 0,9 0,0

Duri

ng b

uddin

g

Planryz + Rydomil

Gold MTS 68 WG

406,7 23,3 356,7 17,8 8,9 2,4 3,3 2,6 0,0 0,6

SSD 05 0,30 0,09 0,28 0,14 0,12 0,04 0,01 0,03 0,01 0,01

2. – The impact of biological preparations on the soil microflora during the potatoes growing

(variety Skarbnytsya, Zhovkivsky district, the West-Steppe zone, Lviv region, 2009-2011 years)

Number of microorganisms in 1 g of soil x 103 CFU/g

Micromycetes Total spore-

forming

bacteria

Non spore-

forming

bacteria

Actino-

mycetes Total Alter-

naria

sp.

Fusa-

rium

sp.

Tricho-

derma

sp.

Peni-

cillium

sp.

Asper-

gillus

spp.

Variant of

experiment

1-st term of planting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Before planting tubers

276,0 14,2 230,7 17,9 13,2 5,1 2,0 3,2 1,7 1,2

The control

(no treatment)

459,3 30,1 378,2 22,5 28,5 9,2 9,6 5,1 2,7 1,9

Biological control,

Fitotsyd

500,5 42,2 403,7 32,6 22,0 6,3 5,1 6,2 3,3 1,1

Chemical control,

Rydomil Gold MTS

68 WG

391,2 25,3 320,1 20,2 25,6 7,2 8,2 2,7 3,5 4,0

Planryz

525,0 35,4 434,5 36,7 18,4 3,5 2,4 7,3 4,1 1,1

Planryz +Diazofit +

FMB

537,7 36,1 450,2 36,2 15,2 0,8 1,0 9,1 3,5 0,8

Duri

ng b

uddin

g

Planryz + Rydomil

Gold MTS 68 WG

522,4 30,1 449,2 25,8 17,3 2,0 2,3 6,5 4,1 2,4

SSD05

0,22 0,10 0,12 0,10 0,08 0,03 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,01

2-nd term of planting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Перед посадкою бульб 254,1 11,5 221,6 13,0 8,0 3,8 1,4 2,1 0,3 0,4

The control

(no treatment)

453,9 24,0 385,9 19,4 24,6 7,3 8,7 4,9 2,4 1,3

Biological control,

Fitotsyd

496,1 28,7 420,3 28,5 18,6 5,1 4,9 5,9 2,5 0,2

Chemical control,

Rydomil Gold MTS

68 WG

375,8 20,5 316,4 17,9 21,0 7,1 7,7 0,0 3,1 3,1

Planryz

538,7 31,6 459,2 32,5 15,4 2,9 1,8 6,5 3,8 0,4

Planryz +Diazofit +

FMB

557,9 33,0 477,8 34,8 12,3 1,2 1,4 6,1 3,3 0,3

Duri

ng b

uddin

g

Planryz + Rydomil

Gold MTS 68 WG

452,0 28,2 387,1 22,9 13,8 1,5 1,5 5,9 2,8 2,1

SSD 05 0,21 0,08 0,20 0,11 0,07 0,03 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,01


UDC: 635.1./.7.044:635.646:631.811.98

К.М. Коnovalekо, Junior Sciences Researcher,

О.І. Оnychenkо, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences


PECULIARITIES OF INTERACTION OF MICROORGANISMS ON

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE SOIL AND QUALITY OF

EGGPLANT UNDER FILM GREENHOUSES

It was found that by using permanent greenhouse soil when growing

eggplant in film greenhouses use of microbial agents on different

backgrounds mineral nutrition increases the intensity of the activity of

decomposition of cellulose soil, increases yield fruit at 0,91-3,03 kg/m2

ensure product quality improvement (increase in dry matter content and

total sugar).

Keywords: microbial agents, film greenhouse, eggplant,

decomposing of cellulose activity of soil, productivity, quality products.

Introduction. Obtaining the high quality of competitive agricultural

products remains relevant, especially at the prospect of Ukraine's access to

international markets and the need to protect their own products by

manufacturer [1].

Vegetable protected ground for intensive production technologies

accompanied by high human pressure on greenhouse soil, it causes an

imbalance of microbial communities, causing weakening of mineralization

and increased de nitrification processes and affects soil fertility, availability

of basic nutrients, plant productivity and product quality [2].

The current level of microbiology can determine ways to improve

product quality through ongoing optimization of biological processes and

comprehensive use of agrocenosis.

Using natural features agrocenoses by intensive technologies gives

ecosystem. Introduction of microbial agents in plant growing technology

provides increased quantity and improve the quality of agricultural products.

Activation of plant-microbial interactions is a powerful factor in increasing

the productivity of farmland, but not used in the practice of agricultural

production [3, 4]. © Коnovalenkо К.М., Оnyshchenkо О.I., 2014.

The biological activity of the soil is an important component of its

fertility and includes the number of bacteria of different ecologicaltrophyc

groups, their biomass and complex biological processes of synthesis and

decomposition, resulting in complex compounds are converted into forms

that are available for power plants and microorganisms.

An important indicator of biological activity of the soil is the

intensity of mineralization of organic substances that enter the soil with

organic fertilizers, plant and animal remains. As already mentioned organic

matter tissue is the main source of energy for all living soil.

The study of associative interaction in the productive system

organism-plant-soil makes it possible to use technology to improve the

microbial preparations and ensure the stability of their actions in the future

to quality vegetable production [3].

The aim of research – investigate the impact of microorganisms on

optimization of biological activity of soil quality and plant products in

terms of greenhouses.


laboratory of soil secure of the Institute Vegetables and Melons of NAAS

for 2012-2013 years in film greenhouses without heating on plants of

eggplant varieties Premer.

Composition greenhouse soil, humus 20 % + peat 20 % + turf ground

60 %.

Studies were conducted on two backgrounds mineral nutrition,

optimal: – N – 130, P2О5 – 80 K2О – 270 (mg/100 g water extraction) and

reduced – N – 100, P2О5 – 50, K2О – 110. The content of organic matter

was 18 – 22 %, рН – 6.5 – 6.8.

Scheme experiments included the following option:

1. Processing of water (control).

2. FMB (Phosphorus mobilizing bacteria) – a drug based on free-

living bacteria Pseudoruonas polimixa.

3. BSP (Biopolitsyd) – a drug based on the strain of bacteria

Pacnibacillus.

4. Ekobatsyl – the drug is manufactured from bacteria of the genus

Azospirillum and Azotobacter.

5. Baktopaslon – bacterial drug is made on the basis of the

consortium strains of Azotobacter Vinelandi and Azotobacter chrocococum.

6. ABT – bacterial drug is made from bacteria of the genus

Azotobacter and phytohormonal supplements.

Drugs used for the treatment of seeds before sowing (1:30) and

suspension for the treatment of roots (1:50) before planting in the ground

for permanent cultivation.

Repeated studies are three fold. Area of research areas is 5 m2.

Technology of eggplant is generally accepted for the zone. Scheme planting

plants is 80x60-35. Age seedlings are 55-60 days.

Cellulose decomposition activity measured soil application method [5].

The results and discussion. For permanent use of greenhouse soil is

already certified impact of events on the biological activity of the soil. The

intensity of cellulose decomposition without introducing microbial agents on a

background full of mineral nutrition has reached 15 % of initial weight loss of

tissue at early flowering was 46% in the phase of biological maturity (Table 1).

Against the background N100P50K110 destructive of cellulose activity of soil

decreased to 11 and 34 %.

Introduction to the technology of cultivation techniques are additional

soil mulching with straw and application of microbial agents. They have

contributed to the activation of tissue expansion during the growing season of

plants eggplant. Thus, soil mulching during treatment with mineral fertilizers

has provided a tendency to enhance the process of cellulose decomposition;

while the intensity of the decomposition fiber averages 13 % at the beginning

of flowering, 28 % is in the phase of technical maturity and 34 % in the phase

of biological maturity eggplant.

All microbial drugs have been testing, except Biopolitsyd

significantly affect the intensity of cellulose decomposition within a certain

background mineral nutrition. In the context of complete mineral nutrition

(N130P80K270) highest decomposition of cellulose activity has provided

options where used FMB and Ekobatsyl who raised it to the level of 20-

28 % in early flowering and 56-60 % in the phase of biological maturity.

In the context of the use of smaller doses of mineral fertilizers

(N100P50K110) early flowering and technical maturity phase high intensity

fiber expansion has provided use of microbial preparations except

Biopolitsyd. In biological maturity phase of the highest fiber expansion

marked by the introduction Ekobatsyl (54 %), FMB and Baktopaslon

(48 %).

In the context of complex application of fertilizers and mulch

materials high intensity fiber expansion provides the introduction of

microbial drug FMB (25 % at the beginning of flowering, 49 % in phase

biological maturity). Other microbial preparations for background of supply

also contributed to significant progress of cellulose decomposition capacity

of soil.

1. – The intensity of cellulose decomposition by microbial preparations for

making of different backgrounds of mineral nutrition,


Beginning

of

flowering

Technical

maturity

Biological

maturity Microbial

drug

12 13 Av

erag

e 12 13 A

ver

age

12 13 Av

erag

e

Background of mineral nutrition N130P80K270

Control 16 14 15 34 27 31 48 43 46

FMB 26 23 25 42 38 41 57 55 56

Biopolitsyd 19 14 17 35 29 32 51 46 49

Ekobatsyl 22 21 22 40 36 38 61 59 60

baktopaslon 20 19 20 37 35 36 53 52 53

ABT 19 17 18 33 26 30 50 44 47


Control 13 9 11 24 25 25 37 31 34

FMB 23 15 19 38 31 35 49 47 48

Biopolitsyd 19 10 15 29 25 27 43 41 42

Ekobatsyl 21 18 20 36 34 35 52 55 54

baktopaslon 17 22 20 32 36 34 45 50 48

ABT 20 19 20 35 32 34 47 43 45

Background N100P50K110 + soil mulching

Control 15 11 13 26 29 28 31 49 36

FMB 25 24 25 32 46 39 40 58 49

Biopolitsyd 19 14 17 28 25 27 37 37 37

Ekobatsyl 20 18 19 37 37 37 39 49 44

baktopaslon 16 20 18 30 40 35 45 53 49

ABT 18 16 17 29 34 32 36 41 39

SSD0,95 1,09 1,6 1,7 1,88 3,21 3,28 2,14 4,63 4,2

The positive impact on productivity of eggplant variety Premer

provided as the use of different backgrounds mineral supply and

application of microbial agents (Table 2).

On average, a factor of mineral nutrition background application

N130P80K270 gives a maximum yield of eggplant fruits (9.10 kg/m2), while

the use of smaller doses of fertilizers stipulates significantly lower levels of

productivity culture (8.09 kg/m2). It should be noted that the combination

of lower doses of fertilizers from soil mulching with straw helps to ensure

eggplant fruit yield at 8.61 kg/m2, which did not significantly differ from

the background high doses of fertilizers.

2. – Effect of microbial agents on eggplant yield for different levels of

mineral nutrition, average for 2012-2013 years

The yield, kg/m2

Background of mineral nutrition (factor A) Microbial drug

(factor B) N130P80K270 N100P50K110

N100P50K110 +

mulching

Average

of factor

В

1. Processing of

water (control)

7,97 6,54 6,91 7,14

2. FMB 9,03 8,43 8,22 8,56

3. Biopolitsyd 9,14 7,74 9,45 8,78

4. Ekobatsyl 10,26 9,90 10,36 10,17

5. Baktopaslon 9,47 8,51 8,72 8,90

6. АBТ 8,71 7,43 8,02 8,05

Average of

factor А

9,10 8,09 8,61

SSD 0,95 of factor А 2012

2013

0,65

0,71

SSD 0,95 of factor В 2012

2013

0,86

0,88

SSD 0,95 of factor АВ 2012

2013

0,92

1,05

The use of microbial preparations had a positive impact on

increasing plant productivity of eggplant. On average for the years of

research microbial preparations contributed to the increase in yield 0.91-

3.03 kg/m2. The highest level of productivity of all backgrounds making

fertilizer provided Ekobatsyl (10.17 kg/m2). In another embodiment, the

use of microbial preparations yield culture was 8.05-8.90 kg/m2, which is

also significantly higher than the control.

Analysis of the chemical composition of fruits showed (Table 3), the

total sugar content significantly increased by using Ekobatsyl on

background N130P80K270 (2,99 %), FMB and Biopolitsyd for making

N100P50K110 (2.63-2.99 %), FMB, Ekobatsyl and Baktopaslon for joint use

N100P50K110 of soil mulching with straw (2.92-3.03 %).

3. – Effect of microbial agents and fertilizer to replace biochemical indices

of eggplant fruit varieties Premer, average for 2012-2013 years

The content of the fruit

Microbial drug general

sugar, % dry matter, %

nitrates, mg/kg

wet weight


Processing of

water 2,75 6,89 114

FMB 2,66 7,86 171

Biopolitsyd 2,66 7,76 289

Ekobatsyl 2,99 8,57 237

Baktopaslon 2,90 7,90 254

ABT 2,93 8,10 200


Processing of

water 2,35 7,03 44

FMB 2,99 7,93 193


Ekobatsyl 2,39 8,02 237


ABT 2,43 8,63 215

Background N100P50K110 + soil mulching (straw)

Processing of

water 2,55 7,24 55

FMB 2,96 7,79 129


Ekobatsyl 2,92 7,83 163


ABT 2,61 7,34 120

SSD0,95 2012

2013

0,26

0,18

0,65

0,58

32

29

MPC, mg/kg s.m. 300

For backgrounds and mineral nutrition N130P80K270 and N100P50K110

use of microbial agents who have learned already provided a substantial

increase in dry matter content in the fruit to the level of 7.72-8.74 %. In the

context of making N100P50K110 soil mulching with straw dry matter content

in fruits significantly increased by the use of drugs FMB, Ekobatsyl and

Baktopaslon (7.79-7.90 %).

The negative aspect is the use of microbial preparations increasing

nitrate levels in their products when applied on different backgrounds

mineral nutrition. Thus, the control (without drugs) nitrate content in fruits

eggplant varied depending on the mineral nutrition within 44-114 mg/kg,

the use of microbial preparations, the figure rose to the level of 120-

289 mg/kg wet weight, but not exceeded the MPC (300 mg/kg wet weight).

Conclusions.

1. For permanent use of greenhouse soil when growing eggplant use

microbial agents, strengthening and mineral nutrition of soil mulching with

straw cellulose promotes activation decomposition activity of soil. High

intensity decay fiber provides the use of microbial preparations FMB and

Ekobatsyl (from 19-25 % in the phase of flowering to 48-60 % in the phase

of biological maturity).

2. High level of yield fruit eggplant provides N130P80K270 use and

sharing of N100P50K110 soil mulching with straw (8.61-9.10 kg/m2). By

entering microbial agents eggplant fruit yield increased by 0.91-3.03 kg/m2.

The highest level of productivity at all backgrounds mineral nutrition

provides the use Ekobatsyl (9.90-10.36 kg/m2).

3. Microbial preparations contributed to the increase in fruit dry

matter (7.72-8.74 %), some increase in nitrate levels (120-289 mg/kg wet

weight) but less than in the MPC. Using Ekobatsyl on background

N130P80K270, FMB and Biopolitsyd on background N100P50K110, FMB,

Ekobatsyl and Baktopaslon on background N100P50K110 of straw mulching

the soil increases significantly the content of total sugars in the fruit (2.632-

3.03 %).

Bibliography.

1. Demidov О. А. Stan I perspektyvy vyrobnytstva ovochevoi ta

bashtannoi produktsii v Ukraini / Demidov О. А., Іvashchenkо О. О.,

Khareba V. V. ta in. – К. : NNTS ІАЕ, 2012. – 72 s.

2. Аgrokhimiya: pidruchnyk / Gorodniy М. М., Melnyk S. І.,

Malynovskyy А. S. ta in. – К. : Аlefа, 2003. – 778 s.

3. Eksperymentalna mikrobiologiya: monografiya /

Volkogon V. V., Nadkernychna О. V., Tokmanova L. М. ta in. [Za red.

V. V. Volkogona]. – К. : Agrarna nauka, 2010. – 145 s.

4. Melnychuk Т. М. Perspektivy primeneniya mikrobnykh preparatov v

ovoshchevodstve / Т. М. Меlnychuk // Selektsiya, semenovodstvo i

tekhnologii vyrashchivaniya ovoshchnykh kultur v Krymu : sb. tr. nauch.-

prakt. konf. – Simferopol, 2008. – S. 49-52.

5. Mishustin Е. N. Applikatsionnye metody v pochvennoy

mikrobiologii / Е. N. Mishustin, I. S. Vostrov. – М. : Naukа, 1971. – 198 s.

К.Н. Коноваленко, О.И. Онищенко

Особенности взаимодействия микроорганизмов на

биологическую активность и качество продукции баклажана в

условиях пленочных теплиц.

Резюме. Определено, что при бессменном использовании

тепличных грунтов при выращивании баклажана в пленочных

теплицах применения микробных препаратов на различных фонах

минерального питания повышает интенсивность

целюлозоразлогающей активности почвы, увеличивает урожайность

плодов на 0,91-3,03 кг/м2, обеспечивает улучшение качества

продукции (повышение содержания сухого вещества и общего

сахара).

К.М. Коноваленко, О.І. Онищенко

Особливості взаємодії мікроорганізмів на біологічну активність

грунту та якість продукції баклажана в умовах плівкових теплиць.

Резюме. Встановлено, що за беззмінного використання

тепличних ґрунтів при вирощуванні баклажану в плівкових теплицях

застосування мікробних препаратів за різних фонів мінерального

живлення підвищує інтенсивність целюлозорозкладальної активності

ґрунту, збільшує урожайність плодів на 0,91-3,03 кг/м2, забезпечує

покращення якості продукції (зростання вмісту сухої речовини та

загального цукру).


UDC: 635.649:631.527

N.P. Kuraksa, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

L.V. Pylypenko, Junior Researchers


PARAMETERS OF ADAPTABILITY OF SWEET PEPPER

Have been analyzed the adaptive ability of older generations and

lines of sweet pepper. Have determined the overall (OAC) and specific

adaptive capacity (SAC), the stability of the genotype (Sgi), ecological

plasticity coefficient (bi)) and breeding value of genotype (BVG) on a

number of attributes. already allocated adaptive to growing conditions,

with high levels of productivity and fetal genotype Ugolek weight, high

stability, plasticity and selective value of the yield of designs - Zlata ×

Paryzh, Lada × Citrina, by weight of the fetus and the growing season –

Orlenok × Nasko 2020 for growing season - hybrid Zlagoda F1, the degree

of lesion fading yellow – Zlata × Antey, to green –

California WG × Rodzynka.

Keywords: line, adaptability, flexibility, breeding value, the degree

of damage.

Introduction. Pepper is a valuable and popular culture that has

economic value, is widely grown in many countries in the open and

protected ground. It has a high nutritional, taste, technological merits. The

annual commodity production of pepper in the world is more than 22 mln.

tons. The main area of focus is Asia 57 % [1]. Ukraine produces fruits of

sweet pepper 150 ths. tons [2]. In Ukraine pepper is one of the key places in

vegetable and is the traditional and most common culture [3, 4]. One of the

problems of the food industry is to expand and improve the quality of

canned products. In the global food market trend of gradual increase in the

consumption of vegetables and fruits that are carriers of biologically active

compounds. According to the Kiev Institute of Food Hygiene for normal

living person needs in the year 134 kg of vegetables, including the share of

sweet pepper for about 20 kg [17].

Top breeding and seed company in the world each year offer new © Kuraksa N.P., Pylypenko L.V., 2014.

high quality and yielding hybrids and varieties for different climatic

conditions. Forms formation process of creating new plants and better

forms, distant hybridization, hybridization, heterosis are relevant today and

are reflected in the development of innovative technologies and methods

for rapid creation of fundamentally new quality of initial material for

breeding [5]. Quality as the most economically and environmentally

effective means of increasing the quantity and quality of the crop plays an

important role in reducing their annual fluctuations. Significant factor

limiting the cultivation of pepper in the open ground, the temperature is the

lack of resources or drastic fluctuations, especially at the beginning and end

of the growing season. For normal growth and development of plants

peppers need to have the sum of active temperatures during the growing

season at 3000 °C.

Nowadays, the actual breeding for adaptability, which develops not

only to stabilize regardless of changing environmental conditions, crop

yield, but also other agronomic characteristics, such as biochemical

composition of fruits. Particularly significant is the reduction in yield due

to the variability of rainfall, the amount of active temperatures and more.

Almost all models are important universal type of use, high flexibility,

resistance to adverse environmental factors and disease.

The environmental focus of modern plant breeding and research

necessitates the involvement of wild species as sources of resistance to pests,

diseases, abiotic environmental factors, as well as increasing the overall

adaptive capacity. Since regulate all environmental factors is not possible, the

combination of potentially high productivity and resistance to unregulated

environmental factors, along with resistance to disease and product quality,

an important task of selection. Thus, it is important to know the variability,

the manifestation of signs and relations between them in this environment.

The main feature that defines adaptability to cultivation area is the length of

the growing season [7]. A number of researchers found a link between

resistance to some viruses and abiotic environmental factors [8]. There are

many different varieties, but remains relevant improvement assortment by

genetic involvement in the selection of sources, what are marked resistance

to diseases, pests and abiotic factors [6].

The aim of research – to establish the parameters of adaptability of

quantitative and qualitative traits distinguish plastic breeding form.

The method of researches. Selection work carried out under

practical policies of selection and seed growing Solanaceae crops in the

open and under glass [9, 10], methods of field experiments in the

Vegetables and Melons [11], State quality testing methods [12], scheme of

the breeding nurseries, obtaining hybrids, valuation of fixed signs generally

answered methodological developments and recommendations [9, 12, 13].

Resistance to diseases studied by techniques of IVM of UAAN [14] in the

laboratory of immunity. Chemical evaluation conducted in accredited

laboratory analytical measurements. Processing of experimental data was

performed by Dospyehov B. A. [15], adaptively parameters calculated by

the method proposed Kylchevskyy A.V. and Hotylova L.V. [16].

The results of researchers and discussion. To select the best for the

future of breeding material was determined overall (OAC) and specific

adaptive capacity (SAC), the coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi),

stability (Sgi), and the breeding value of genotype (BVG) with the number

of features in the last three years.

Yields as one of the main features are very dependent on climatic

factors. Therefore samples during 2011-2013 years it varied over a wide

range – from 6.2 to 31 t/ha (Table 1). In 2011, the yield of sweet pepper

fruits was the lowest, which contributed to the difficult weather conditions.

With the growing period from May 2011 to October 3, the average daily

temperature ranged from 14.3 ° C to 26.9 °C under long-term from 12.1 °C

to 21.6 °C. In early June there was no rain. In July, as rain was not enough

just 17.0 mm per month in long-term 73.3 mm. In August, there was no

rain in the first week and almost second (4.0 mm) in September rainfall was

not. Against the background of severe drought the average temperature

during the growing season is much higher than long-term. Fluctuations

maximum temperature was also significant – from 33 °C to 40 °C.

Minimum soil temperature ranged from 3 °C to 12.5 °C in May-June and

reached 1.0 °C in September. Sharp fluctuations in air temperature and

ground against the background of very low rainfall, caused inhibition of

plant growth and development, influenced seeds and their sowing qualities.

Such conditions have hampered the formation of the fruit, leading to a

decrease in their average mass yield. However, it should be noted samples

with yields above 20 t/ha - Ugolok and Zlata × Paryzh. In 2012-2013 and

yield genotypes increased to 14.2-33.3 t/ha. Weather conditions vegetation

periods of the years were more sensitive and less prone to sharp

fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, and generally during irrigation,

were susceptible to the culture of pepper.

Low stability samples differed with parameters Sgi above 40 –

Zlagoda F1, California W.G. × Rodzynka, Zlata × Antey, Dobrynya ×

Valyusha.

The most stable genotypes were the yield – Lada × Citrina, Ugolok,

Zlata × Paryzh, Lada. High ecological plasticity samples were Ugolok,

Orlenok x Nasko2020, Zlata × Paryzh, Lada, Zolotoy dozhd × Obriy,

Valyusha × Antey, Lada × Citrina, where ecological plasticity ratio does

not exceed 1 and was within 0.09-0.84. High breeding of value is on the

basis of yield with genotypes – Zlata × Paryzh, Ugolok, Orlenok ×

Nasko2020, Lada × Citrina.

The average weight of the fetus, as one of the components of yield,

over the years has undergone similar changes, and had the largest range of

fluctuations – from 40 g to 120 g. The lowest fetal weight was observed

also in 2011. The mass of the fetus below 70 g samples were 65 %, and in

2012 and 2013 with the fruit weight was not at all and ranged from 71 to

125 g. Large fruitful samples (over 100 g) ranged from 50 % in 2013 to 80

% in 2012, in 2011 only one sample.

The average value of this index over the three years in the samples

ranged from 66 to 112 g total adaptive capacity ranged from – 24.45 to

21.55. The more stable from year to year weight of the fruit, the other

higher the OAC.

Not stable with low plasticity by weight of the fruit samples were –

Zlagoda F1, Zolotoy dozhd × Obriy, Zlata x Antey.

Stable under weight of fruit genotypes were: Ugolok, Orlenok x

Nasko2020, Zlata × Antey, L-12 × Bogatyr. Green plastic for years on the

grounds of fetal weight were the samples – Zlata x Antey, Ugolok, Orlenok

x Nasko2020, Lada, L-12 x Bogatyr. Selection valuable genotypes by

weight of the fruit is – Ugolok, Orlenok x Nasko2020, Zlata × Antey,

California W.G. x Rodzynka where BVG exceeded 72 % (Table 2).

The majority of the samples along the length of the growing season

belonged to the early ripe group. The length of the growing season from

mass germination to technical maturity during the years of research in

genotypes ranged from 79 to 103 days. The relatively low stability and

plasticity have samples – Ugolok, Zlata x Antey, Zolotoy dozhd × Obriy,

Dobrynya × Valyusha. High stability samples which differed figure Sgi

level 9-20 % (Table 3). Green plastic during the growing season are

samples – Orlenok x Nasko2020 (b = 0,04), Zlagoda F1 (b = 0,28), Zlata ×

Paryzh (b = 0,44), Valyusha x Antey (b = 0,55), California W.G. x

Rodzynka (b = 0,61). High breeding value of genotypes differed – Orlenok

x Nasko2020, Zlagoda F1, Lada.

Over the years, researches on plants of sweet pepper wilt disease

observed lesions of various kinds. The most widespread were green and

yellow fading. The degree of affection yellow fading for years of

researches does not exceed 20.0 % (Table 4). In 2011, 20 % were not

affected by yellow fading. Not affected by fading over 35 % of samples in

2013. High stability of this indicator marked specimens’ Zolotoy dozhd ×

Obriy, Zlata × Antey, Lada × Antey. Plastic yellow lesions on the degree of

wilting were only 4 samples in which ecological plasticity ratio not

exceeding 0.9. The largest breeding values of genotypes were Zlata ×

Paryzh, Zlata × Antey. The degree of lesion green fading for years of

studies was not significant and reached 20.0 % and the number of samples

that were resistant to this type of decay, increased to 71 % in 2012

(Table 5). High stability and ecological plasticity in the degree of lesion

green wilting had only one sample - California W.G. × Rodzynka (Sgi and

b = 0), which is for 3 years no fading. Plastic to defeat the green plastic to

defeat the green wilting were also Zlata × Paryzh, L-12 x Bogatyr,

Valyusha x Antey and Dobrynya x Valyusha. Breeding value of genotypes

was within 0.41-1.30. Most valuable in the degree of lesions were fading

green genotypes, which exceeded the figure of Sgi 1.

Conclusions.

Thus, adaptive to growing conditions, the most stable plastic and

valuable genotype selection on the basis of yield and fruit weight is like

Ugolok. High stability, flexibility and breeding value of the yield samples

with Zlata × Paryzh, Lada × Citrina, by weight of the fetus and the growing

season – Orlenok × Nasko2020, during the growing season hybrid Zlagoda

F1, the degree of affection yellow fading - Zlata × Antey, to green –

California W.G. × Rodzynka.

Bibliography.

1. Ovochevodstvo. – Мinsk, 2010. – Т. 17. – 408 s.

2. Kapustina R. N. Perspektivnye gibridy sladkogo pertsa dlya yuga

Rossii [Tekst] / R. N. Kapustina, А. А. Volkov // Vestnik ovochevoda. –

2009. – № 2. – S. 2-5.

3. Kravchenko V. А. Perets solodkyy. Baklazhan: selektsiya,

nasinnytstvo, tekhnologiya [Теkst] / V. A. Kravchenkо, О. V. Prylipkа. – К. :

Za drugа, 2009. – 160 s.

4. Selektsiya I semenovodstvo ovochnykh kultur: Sb. nauch. tr. [Sb.

Materialov Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauch.-praktich. konfer.

posvyachennoy S. I. Zhegalova (sentyabr 2011 god]. – М. : VNIISSОК,

2011. – Vyp. 44. – 176 s.

5. Bukharova A. R. Otdalennaya gibridizatsiya ovochnykh

paslenovykh kultur [Tekst] / А. R. Bukharovа, А. F. Bukharov. –

Michurinsk : МichGAU, 2008. – 274 s.

6. Kravchenko V. А. Selektsiya I nasinnytstvo ovochevykh kultur u

zakrytomu grunti [Теkst] / V. A. Kravchenko, О. V. Prylipka. – К. :

Agrarna naukа, 2002. – 261 s.

7. Ivanov М. М. Kachestvo plodov pertsa sladkogo v usloviyakh

Nizhnego Povolzhya [Теkst] / Ivanov М. М., Avdeev Yu. I.,

Avdeev A. Yu. // Selektsiya I semenovodstvo ovochnykh kultur. – М. :

VNIISSOK, 2009. – Vyp. 42. – S. 114-118.

8. Katalog sortiv roslun, prudatnykh dlya poshyrennya v Ukraini u

2011 r. – К. : Аlfа, 2011. – 335 s.

9. Kravchenko V. А. Metodyka I tekhnika selektsiynoi roboty z

tomatom [Теkst] / V. A. Kravchenko, О. V. Prylipka. – К. : Agrarna naukа,

2001. – 82 s.

10. Меtodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi [Za


11. Metodyka Derzhavnogo sortovyprobuvannya

silskogospodarskykh kultur (kartoplya, oochevi ta bashtanni kultury [Pid.

red. V. V. Volkodava. – К., 2001. – Vyp. 4.

12. Меtodicheskie ukazaniya po izucheniyu I podderzhaniyu miriviy

kollektsii ovochnykh paslenovykh kultur (tomat, perets, baklazhany). – L. :

VIR, 1977.

13. Delyanki I skhemy poseva v selektsii, sortoispytanii I

pervichnom semenovodstve ovochnykh kultur. Parametry OST 4671-78. –

М. : Коlos, 1979.

14. Fitopatologicheskaya otsenka selektsionnogo materiala

ovochnykh kultur : Metodicheskie ukazaniya. – Kh., 1990. – 51 s.



16. Kilchevskiy A. V. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya rasteniy /

А. V. Kilchevskiy, L. V. Khotyleva. – М. : Тekhnologiya, 1997. – 372 s.

17. Koltunov V. А. Zberigannya garbuzovykh plodiv : nauk.

vydannya / V. A. Koltunov, L. M. Puzik. – Kh. : KHNAU im. V. V.

Dokuchaeva, 2004 – 365 s.

Н.П. Куракса, Л.В. Пилипенко

Параметры адаптивности перца сладкого.

Резюме. Проведен анализ адаптивной способности старших

поколений и линий перца сладкого. Определена общая (ОАС) и

специфическая адаптивная способность (САС), стабильность генотипа

(Sgi), коэффициент экологической пластичности (bi) и селекционная

ценность генотипа (СЦГ) по ряду признаков. Выделены адаптивные к

условиям выращивания, за высокими показателями урожайности и

массы плода генотип Уголек, с высокой стабильностью,

пластичностью и селекционной ценностью по урожайности образцы –

Злата × Париж, Лада × Citrina, по массе плода и вегетационным

периодом – Орленок × Наско2020, по вегетационному периоду –

гибрид Злагода F1, по степени поражения желтым увяданием – Злата ×

Антей, к зеленому – California WG × Родзынка.

Н.П. Куракса, Л.В. Пилипенко

Параметри адаптивності перцю солодкого.

Резюме. Проведено аналіз адаптивної здатності старших

поколінь та ліній перцю солодкого. Визначено загальну (ЗАЗ) та

специфічну адаптивну здатність (САЗ), стабільність генотипу (Sgi),

коєфіціент екологічної пластичності (bi)) та селекційну цінність

генотипу (СЦГ) за низкою ознак. Виділено адаптивний до умов

вирощування, за високими показниками урожайності і маса плоду

генотип Угольок, з високою стабільністю, пластичністю та

селекційною цінністю за врожайністю зразки - Злата × Париж, Лада ×

Citrina, за масою плода та вегетаційним періодом – Орленок × Наско

2020, за вегетаційним періодом – гібрид Злагода F1, за ступенем

ураження жовтим в’яненням – Злата × Антей, до зеленого – California

W.G. × Родзинка.

1. – Parameters of adaptability samples the yield of pepper

Yield, t/ha Index

The name of sample 2011 2012 2013

X

averageOAC SАСi Sgi bi BVGі

Zlata × Antey 11,7 19,1 25,8 18,87 -1,34 49,74 37,38 1,08 7,95

Ugolok 20,5 23,5 19,5 21,17 0,96 4,33 9,83 0,09 17,94

Ladа × Antey 13,3 30,6 22,5 22,13 1,92 74,92 39,11 1,31 8,74

Оrlenok × Naskо2020 15,8 24,5 24,0 21,43 1,22 23,86 22,79 0,84 13,87

Zlagodа F1 11,7 27,2 31,0 23,30 3,09 104,53 43,88 1,74 7,47

California W.G.× Rodzynka 11,7 18,0 27,2 18,97 -1,24 60,76 41,10 1,10 6,90

Zlata × Paryzh 22,2 30,0 30,2 27,47 7,26 20,81 16,61 0,79 20,41

Lada 11,3 14,2 17,8 14,43 -5,78 10,60 22,56 0,48 9,39

Zolotoy dozhd × Оbriy 13,0 21,8 20,0 18,27 -1,94 21,61 25,45 0,78 11,07

L-12× Bogatyr 6,2 25,7 18,0 16,63 -3,58 96,46 59,05 1,55 1,43

Valyushа × Аntey 17,1 16,8 28,0 20,63 0,42 40,72 30,93 0,55 10,76

Ladа ×Citrina 14,3 16,9 16,2 15,80 -4,41 1,81 8,51 0,22 13,72

Zlatа × Аntey 10,9 26,4 26,4 21,23 1,02 80,08 42,15 1,55 7,38

Dobrynya × Valyushа 9,7 33,3 24,8 22,60 2,39 142,87 52,89 1,91 4,10

2. – Parameters of adaptability samples of pepper fruit by weight

Average fruits weight, g Index


X

averageOAC σ

2SАСi Sgi bi BVGі

Zlata × Antey 85 107 105 99,00 8,21 148,00 12,29 0,55 77,69

Ugolok 120 102 114 112,00 21,21 84,00 8,18 -0,39 95,94

Ladа × Antey 54 119 92 88,33 -2,45 1066,33 36,97 1,51 31,13

Оrlenok × Naskо2020 95 110 93 99,33 8,55 86,33 9,35 0,29 83,06

Zlagodа F1 43 108 48 66,33 -24,45 1308,33 54,53 1,33 2,97

California W.G.× Rodzynka 87 130 120 112,33 21,55 506,33 20,03 1,04 72,92

Zlata × Paryzh 62 105 100 89,00 -1,79 553,00 26,42 1,07 47,81

Lada 40 71 93 68,00 -22,79 709,00 39,16 0,91 21,36

Zolotoy dozhd × Оbriy 53 125 84 87,33 -3,45 1304,33 41,35 1,61 24,07

L-12× Bogatyr 57 80 72 69,67 -21,12 136,33 16,76 0,54 49,21

Valyushа × Аntey 52 95 105 84,00 -6,79 793,00 33,52 1,15 34,67

Ladа ×Citrina 71 134 122 109,00 18,21 1119,00 30,69 1,54 50,40

Zlatа × Аntey 57 145 90 97,33 6,55 1976,33 45,67 1,94 19,46

Dobrynya × Valyushа 64 100 104 89,33 -1,45 485,33 24,66 0,94 50,74

3. – Parameters of adaptability samples of pepper at longest of growing season

Growing season, days Index


X

averageOAC σ


Zlata × Antey 90 102 80 90,67 -1,33 121,33 76,85 1,75 0,84

Ugolok 103 93 81 92,33 -3,00 121,33 86,96 2,10 -0,83

Ladа × Antey 90 86 79 85,00 4,33 31,00 27,84 1,10 13,18

Оrlenok × Naskо2020 89 85 87 87,00 2,33 4,00 11,11 0,04 15,55

Zlagodа F1 84 80 80 81,33 8,00 5,33 9,76 0,28 20,84

California W.G.× Rodzynka 97 95 91 94,33 -5,00 9,33 28,64 0,61 6,92

Zlata × Paryzh 89 92 94 91,67 -2,33 6,33 18,87 -0,44 10,25

Lada 89 85 80 84,67 4,67 20,33 22,18 0,86 14,81

Zolotoy dozhd × Оbriy 97 95 81 91,00 -1,67 76,00 62,27 1,78 3,32

L-12× Bogatyr 96 92 81 89,67 -0,33 60,33 50,66 1,57 5,82

Valyushа × Аntey 89 98 88 91,67 -2,33 30,33 41,31 0,55 6,59

Ladа ×Citrina 90 92 81 87,67 1,67 34,33 33,80 1,15 10,16

Zlatа × Аntey 97 92 88 92,33 -3,00 20,33 35,60 0,82 7,14

Dobrynya × Valyushа 97 96 81 91,33 -2,00 80,33 65,58 1,83 2,69

4. – Parameters of adaptability samples of pepper on the degree of lesion of yellow wilting

The degree of lesion of yellow

wilting, % Index

The name of sample

2011 2012 2013 X

average OAC σ


Zlata × Antey 2,5 4,1 6,0 4,20 -0,01 0,15 17,16 0,66 1,84

Ugolok 16,6 15,7 0 10,77 0,82 3,29 58,64 -5,68 1,12

Ladа × Antey 0 1,1 0 0,37 -1,12 0,07 22,55 -0,90 0,87

Оrlenok × Naskо2020 14,0 13,3 0 9,10 0,61 2,67 56,60 -5,12 1,10

Zlagodа F1 0 4,1 0 1,37 -0,85 0,53 51,18 -2,51 0,63

California W.G.×

Rodzynka 6,6 2,1 20,0 9,57 0,76 2,05 47,18 5,35 1,47

Zlata × Paryzh 4,8 6,0 20,0 10,27 0,94 1,42 37,13 3,54 1,91

Lada 0 1,1 15,0 5,37 -0,12 2,62 75,27 4,64 0,39

Zolotoy dozhd × Оbriy 2,6 1,0 3,0 2,20 -0,50 0,10 17,67 1,15 1,43

L-12× Bogatyr 0 1,1 9,0 3,37 -0,40 1,30 61,00 3,09 0,63

Valyushа × Аntey 3,6 1,1 10,0 4,90 0,03 0,89 40,97 3,55 1,27

Ladа ×Citrina 6,4 0 15,0 7,13 0,30 2,27 58,50 5,79 0,93

Zlatа × Аntey 8,7 3,1 3,0 4,93 0,11 0,40 26,74 0,12 1,69

Dobrynya × Valyushа 8,6 0 0 2,87 -0,57 1,47 71,29 0,31 0,38

5. – Parameters of adaptability samples of pepper on the degree of lesion of green wilting

The degree of lesion of green wilting, % Index The name of sample

2011 2012 2013 X average OAC σ2SАСi Sgi bi BVGі

Zlata × Antey 3,7 0 8,0 3,90 0,10 1,01 48,87 1,55 1,19

Ugolok 0 0 8,0 2,67 -0,29 1,33 69,28 1,64 0,67

Ladа × Antey 5,0 0 10,0 5,00 0,29 1,37 51,90 1,78 1,25

Оrlenok × Naskо2020 9,6 0 15,0 8,20 0,79 2,44 56,77 2,28 1,41

Zlagodа F1 0 0 13,3 4,43 -0,03 2,58 83,33 2,28 0,54

California W.G.× Rodzynka 0 0 0 0,00 -0,96 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00

Zlata × Paryzh 8,0 0 0 2,67 -0,29 1,33 69,28 -0,16 0,67

Lada 0 12,1 0 4,03 -0,09 2,29 80,74 -1,94 0,57

Zolotoy dozhd × Оbriy 0 0 20,0 6,67 0,23 4,28 94,27 2,94 0,41

L-12× Bogatyr 0 2,3 4,0 2,10 -0,28 0,40 37,32 0,41 1,14

Valyushа × Аntey 4,5 2,1 0 2,20 -0,26 0,45 39,63 -0,67 1,12

Ladа ×Citrina 1,9 2,3 20,0 8,07 0,74 2,66 60,38 2,28 1,30

Zlatа × Аntey 5,8 0 10,0 5,27 0,35 1,41 51,43 1,77 1,29

Dobrynya × Valyushа 8,0 0 0 2,67 -0,29 1,33 69,28 -0,16 0,67


UDC: 631.82:635.64:635.646

О.V. Kuts, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

N.V. Melnychuk, Junior Sciences Researcher


USE OF COMPLEX FERTILIZER IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF

TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT

It was found that the use of complex fertilizers in tomato fertilizer

system ensures total productivity growth in 17.2-21.7 % relative to the

background making N120P120K90 and does not affect the biochemical

composition of the product. At cultivation of use of complex fertilizers

eggplant makes sustainable growth and productivity and increasing the

ascorbic acid and nitrate reduction in fruit.

Keywords: tomato, eggplant, complex fertilizers, yield, biochemical

composition.

Introduction. In order to function and deliver high quality yield of

vegetable plants should be provided with all necessary macro- and

micronutrients. The use of fertilizer plants only with the introduction of

fertilizers and involvement in the process of optimization of supply

micronutrients only groundwater reserves often stipulates low yield or

deterioration of product quality. Now for growing technologies of eggplant

and tomato recommended fertilizer system with the introduction of

chemical fertilizers only [1-7]. For full coverage of vegetables necessary

nutrients recommended water-soluble complex fertilizers with

micronutrients chelate-based parameters but their use in the technology of

growing vegetables is not always defined.

The aim of research – prove scientifically optimize system power

plants of tomato and eggplant with the use of complex fertilizers in terms of

the Left-bank at Forest-steppe of Ukraine.

© Kuts O.V., Melnychuk N.V., 2014.


laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Analytical Measurement of

Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS during 2008-2012 years at a

typical little black soil humus hard loam to loam loess.

Scheme of experiment with tomato plants using the recommended

dose of scatter N120P120K90 and its background foliar feedings complex

fertilizers "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" with a dose of 2 kg/ha (producer

– "ICL Fertilizers", Israel), "Raykat (start, growth, final)" 500 and

1000 ml/ha, "Mikrokat Ca + B" and "Mikrokat Zn + B" with a dose of

500 ml/ha (producer - "Atlantyka Agrikola", Spain). Terms of dressings: 3-

4 + organogenesis stage in phase 8-9 leaves + 15-20 days after the second.

Rate of working fluid is 200 l/ha.

In studies with eggplant plants using mineral fertilizers locally

N70P60K45 on their background and spent feeding complex fertilizers

"Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" to 2 kg/ha and "Reakom" to 6 l/ha in three

terms (intensive growth, flowering, fruit formation beginning).

Technology of tomato and eggplant is common for conditions

steppes of Ukraine (method of seedling of cultivation, planting density

41-45 ths. plants/ha, scheme of planting 70x35 cm, sprinkler irrigation is a

way). The variety of tomato is Kremenchutskyy, eggplant – Almaz.

The results of researches. It was found that the scatter in the

background making N120P120K90 provides general growth of tomato yield of

5.5 t/ha or 38.5 % compared to control yield of 14.3 t/ha (Table 1). Holding

foliar feedings of complex fertilizers also provides total productivity

growth culture within 3.4-4.3 t/ha or 17.2-21.7 compared to the background

making macro fertilizers. Using three terms "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy"

provides an increase in gross yield of 3.4 t/ha of fertilizer "Raykat (start,

growth, maturation)" – 3.6 t/ha, and the introduction of "Mikrokativ (Ca +

B and Zn + Mn)» – 4.3 t/ha. There was marked synergy shared use


paslonovyy", fertilizer group "Raykat" and "Mikrokat",

although there is a trend of positive influence them.

Marketability of fruit using of complex fertilizers was 86-90 %,

while making only N120P120K90 – 86 % under control – 84 %.

Fertilization did not significantly affect the content of soluble dry

matter, total sugars in the fruits of tomato (Table 2).

1. – Effects of complex fertilizers on the yield of tomato

(average for 2008 and 2010 years)

The total yield, t/ha

Increase in

the

background

The fertilizers

20

08

20

10

aver

age

t/ha %

Mar

ket

abil

ity

, %

Without fertilizer (control) 6,2 22,3 14,3 - - 84

Background – N120P120K90

(in scatter)

11,1 28,5 19,8 - - 86

Background +2 kg/ha "Nutrivant

Plyusтм

paslonovyy" in three terms

14,6 31,7 23,2 3,4 17,2 86

Background + 2 kg/hа


paslonovyy in

three terms + «Raykaty» in three

terms at 500 ml/hа

13,3 34,1 23,8 4,0 20,2 87

Background + «Raykaty» in

three terms at 1000 ml/hа

13,5 33,2 23,4 3,6 18,2 88

Background + mikrokat Са+В

(500 ml/hа) in faze 8-9 leafs +

mikrokat Zn+Mn (500 ml/ha) after

15-20 days after second

12,8 34,0 23,4 3,6 18,2 88

Background + 2 kg/hа


paslonovyy"

in three terms + mikrokat Са+В

(500 ml/hа) in faze 8-9 leafs +

mikrokat Zn+Mn (500 ml/ha) after

15-20 days after second

13,6 34,6 24,1 4,3 21,7 90

SSD0,95 1,12 2,80

The use of a scatter on this N120P120K90 and background of complex

fertilizers fertilizing "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" + "Raykaty" an

"Raykaty", "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" + Mikrokat Ca + B + Zn + Mn

cause reduction in fruit ascorbic acid (17.56-18.67 mg/100 g) with respect

to the control variant (20.81 mg/100 g). It is more likely associated with the

phenomenon of "dilution", decrease of ascorbic acid in the fruit with a high

level of productivity. In applying separately "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" and separately fertilizer group "Raykaty" in tomato fruits

increased acidity (0.41-0.42 %).

2. – Effect of complex fertilizers on the change of biochemical parameters

Of tomato fruits (average for 2008 and 2010 years)

The content of the fruit The fertilizers D

ry s

olu

ble

sub

stan

ces,

%

Co

mm

on

sug

ar, %

Asc

orb

ic a

cid

,

mg

/10

0 g

Aci

dit

y, %

Without fertilizer (control) 6,21 4,20 20,81 0,35

Background – N120P120K90

(in scatter)

5,79 4,02 18,59 0,35

Background + "Nutrivant

Plyusтм

paslonovyy"

6,41 4,28 19,64 0,41


Plyusтм

paslonovyy" +

«Raykaty»

6,34 4,19 17,56 0,38

Background + «Raykaty» 5,74 3,98 18,38 0,42

Background + mikrokat Са+В

+ mikrokat Zn+Mn

5,61 4,01 20,36 0,39


Plyusтм

paslonovyy" +

mikrokat Са+В + mikrokat

Zn+Mn

6,09 4,35 18,67 0,30

SSD0,95 2008 р.

2010 р.

0,60

0,62

0,24

0,40

1,12

1,95

0,06

0,05

If growing of tomatoes is marked synergism use of fertilizers and

foliar feedings complex water-soluble fertilizer, the technology of

cultivation of eggplant observed only positive trend (Table 3). Thus, the

use of fertilizers locally N70P60K45 provides an increase in the total yield of

eggplant fruit 5.8 t/ha, share locally and N70P60K45 foliar feedings of


paslonovyy" or "Raykat" contributes to overall

productivity culture in 5.0-6.2 t/ha. Using of "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" marked tendency to increase productivity and improve

marketability eggplant production to the level of 98.2 %.

3. – The dependence of the yield of eggplant use

of complex fertilizers (average 2010-2012 years)

The total yield, t/ha

The fertilization

20

10

20

11

20

12

aver

age

incr

ease

,

t/h

a Marketability

(average

2010-2012

years), % Without of fertilizers 13,9 8,6 21,7 14,7 - 93,8

N70P60K45 (locally) 16,9 12,9 31,6 20,5 5,8 95,3

N70P60K45 (locally) +


paslonovyy"

18,3 13,3 31,3 20,9 6,2 98,2


«Reakom» 16,3 13,3 29,5 19,7 5,0 95,9

SSD0,95 1,52 2,63 2,45

As a result, studies have found that foliar feedings of complex

fertilizers on macro- and micronutrients improves biochemical composition

of fruits eggplant (Table 4).

On the dry matter content of total sugars in the use of micronutrients

is not significantly affected; the average for the experiment dry matter

content was 8.96-9.44 %, total sugar – 2.51-2.61 %, monosaccharides –

2.48-3.21 %. It was noted that the use of only mineral fertilizers

(N70P60K45) observed a significant reduction of ascorbic acid in fruit

eggplant with 2.32 mg/100 g to control the level of 1.69 mg/100 g, whereas

the use of "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" and "Reakom" provide increase

this indicator to 2.10-2.50 mg/100 g. Use of complex fertilizers

"Reakom"causes a significant decrease in nitrate content in fruits of

eggplant to 137 mg/kg, whereas the control and the use of nitrates was

N70P60K45 152 -154 mg/kg wet weight.

4. – Effect of fertilization on changes of biochemical indexes of eggplant

fruit (average 2010-2012 years)

Conclusions.

1. Holding foliar feedings of complex fertilizers "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy", "Raykat (start, growth, maturation)" and "Mikrokat (Ca + V

and Zn + Mn)» provides overall productivity growth in tomato 3.4-4.3 t/ha or

17.2-21.7 % relative to the background making N120P120K90.

2. Application of complex fertilizers did not affect the accumulation of

nutrients in fruits of tomato.

The content of the fruit, %

The fertilizers

dry

so

lub

le

sub

stan

ces

com

mo

n s

ug

ar

mo

no

sacc

har

id

es

sucr

ose

asco

rbic

aci

d,

mg

/10

0g

nit

rate

s, m

g/k

g

of

raw

mat

eria

l

Without of fertilizers 9,42 2,61 2,48 0,200 2,32 154

N70P60K45 (locally) 9,16 2,51 2,65 0,137 1,69 152



paslonovyy"

8,96 2,52 2,58 0,032 2,10 202


«Reakom» 9,44 2,56 3,21 0,040 2,50 137

MPC, mg/kg 300

SSD0,95 2010

2011

2012

1,02

0,85

0,75

0,29

0,32

0,20

0,22

0,25

0,19

0,011

0,019

0,031

0,23

0,13

0.32

20

12

17

3. The use of complex fertilizers "Nutrivant Plyusтм

paslonovyy" and

"Reakom" do not contribute significantly to the growth yield of eggplant, but

provide increased content of ascorbic acid and nitrate reduction in fruit.

Bibliography.

1. Aliev D. Udobrenie baklazhanov / D. Aliev // kartofel I ovoshchi.

– 1968. – Vyp. 4. – S. 29-30.

2. Agafonov E. V. Udobrenie baklazhanov na chernozeme

obyknovennom / [Agafonov Е. V., Bogachev А. N., Chernov А. Ya.,

Farskiy B. S.] // Agrokhimiya. – 2008. – № 1. – S. 36-45.

3. Babich V. А. Udobrennya baklazhanu na zroshuvanykh zemlyakh u

Donetsiy oblasti / V. А. Babych // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo: Resp.

mizhvid. temat. nauk. zbirnyk. – К. : Urozhay, 1975. – Vyp. 19. – S. 19-22.

4. Goncharenko V. Yu. Udobrennya ovochevykh kultur /

[ Goncharenko V. Yu., Sevastyanova V. V., Тkach L. О., Khodeeva L. P.,

Gushchа М. А., Sklyarevskyy М. О., Gurovа Z. І., Avdeev V. P. ]. – К. :

Urozhay, 1989. – S. 40-41.

5. Маlyshkinа М. S. Vliyanie razlichnykh doz mineralnykh udobreniy na

urozhaynost baklazhanov / М. S. Маlyshkinа // Ovoshchnye I bakhchevye

kultury: sbornik nauchnykh trudov vsesoyuznogo NII oroshaemogo

ovoshchevodstva I bakhchevodstva. – 1974. – Vyp. 12. – S. 240-243.

6. lugishina E. G. Optimalnye dozy mineralnykh udobreniy pri

vyrashchivanii tomatov Kross 525 / Е. G. Lugishyna // Konservnaya i

ovoshchesushylnaya promyshlennost. – 1981. – № 4. – S. 35-36.

7. Dzhafarova V. А. Urozhaynost tomata v zavisimosti ot form i

srokov khraneniya fosfornykh udobreniy / V. А. Dzhafarovа,

I. А. Ibragimov // Khimiya v selskom khozyaystve. – 1973. – № 3. – S. 24.

О.В. Куц, Н.В. Мельничук

Использование комплексных удобрений в технологии

выращивания томата и баклажана.

Резюме. Установлено, что применение комплексных удобрений

в системе удобрения томата обеспечивает повышение валовой

урожайности на 17,2-21,7 % относительно фонового внесения

N120P120K90 и не влияет на биохимический состав продукции. При

выращивании баклажана применения комплексных удобрений

обусловливает положительную тенденцию роста урожайности и

способствует повышению содержания аскорбиновой кислоты и

снижение содержания нитратов в плодах.

О.В. Куц, Н.В. Мельничук

Використання комплексних добрив в технології вирощування

томата та баклажана.

Резюме. Встановлено, що застосування комплексних добрив в

системі удобрення томату забезпечує зростання загальної урожайності

на 17,2-21,7 % відносно фонового внесення N120P120K90 та не впливає

на біохімічний склад продукції. При вирощуванні баклажану

застосування комплексних добрив обумовлює позитивну тенденцію

зростання урожайності та сприяє підвищенню вмісту аскорбінової

кислоти та зниження вмісту нітратів в плодах.


UDC: 631.527:635.64:631.6

Yu.О. Lyuta, Candidate of Agricultural Science,

N.O. Kobylina, Candidate of Agricultural Science

Institute of irrigated agriculture of NAAS

THE EVALUATION OF PERSPECTIVE LINES OF TOMATOES

OF SELECTION AT INSTITUTE OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE

OF NAAS

Were the characteristics of the newly formed perspective lines of

tomato with high adaptive and productive potential, which in yields

exceeding standards for grades 11-19 %, for physical and mechanical

properties and fruit quality parameters meet the requirements for varieties

that are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

Keywords: tomato, selection, perspective lines, physical and

mechanical properties, quality of the fruit.

Introduction. Today tomatoes for Ukraine are strategic vegetables,

under which every year take away the biggest agricultural land (including

vegetables) – up to 80 thousand hectares. Gross yield is 1.5 mln. tons. More

than 2/3 tomato production falls on the steppe zone, and Kherson region

has traditionally been a leader in this area (30-40 % of the total gross yield)

[1]. Tomato paste, which is produced in Ukraine, especially fruits that grew

in the southern region, is in great demand on the international market due to

its high quality. For high quality tomato products manufacturers are

increasingly focused on new varieties and hybrids of tomato industrial type

that are adapted to the area of cultivation.

One of the activities of the Institute of irrigated agriculture is NAAS

selection work culture of tomato. In recent years a number of new high-tech

varieties that are suitable for growing in the south of Ukraine, 7 of which

are listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine:

Naddipryanskyy 1, Kimmeriets, Таym, Кumach (medium early),

Inguletskyy, Sarmat, Legin (middle ripe). All varieties of intensive type are

sensitive to high levels of agricultural technology, irrigation. There are

already recommended for cultivation in the open ground in the areas of

steppe and forest-steppe of Ukraine. Nevertheless, the evidence insufficient © Lyuta Yu.O, Kobylina N.O., 2014.

number of varieties and hybrids of tomato domestic breeding that could

compete with foreign counterparts and to meet the growing needs of the

consumer tomato products. Therefore, our research has focused on further

study of the genetic and adaptive features of manifestation of breeding and

economic characteristics of the gene pool, improving breeding techniques

to improve the efficiency of new tomato varieties with high productivity

and quality of fruit that will be suitable for mechanical harvesting, adapted

to the south of Ukraine.

For mechanical harvesting of tomatoes is essential that efforts are

directed to lead to fetal stem. With very little effort the separation fruit

crumble, and at large is their partial separation. Some scientists recommend

choose in machine sorts efforts lead to fetal stem from 0.9 to 2.0 kg [2, 3].

A similar view is shared by other researchers [4, 5]. V. A. Kravchenko

believes in breeding for suitability for mechanical harvesting must be

chosen examples, which are easily separated from the fruit stalk, that

phenotype should have a gene j-2, efforts to lead the fetus should be 1.2-

2.2 kg resistivity at crushing at least 70 g per 1 g of fetal weight, strength

skin on the piercing – not less than 140 g/mm2 [6].

According to R. Kh. Bekov [7], S. Kamimura, A. Yoshikawa, K. Ito

[8, 9] the strength properties of the fruit are not only related to the chemical

composition, but also with their internal structure. Varieties with strong

fruit already have small cell structure of pulp, thick cell walls and the outer

wall of the epidermal cells. The strength of the fetus also depends on its

anatomical features - the outer pericarp development, internal mezokarp,

volume and number of seed cells lokuli fluid that fills them [10].

On the strength of the fruit is also influenced by conditions of

cultivation of tomato [11]. By increasing the water supply plants decreases

the strength of the skin and pulp to piercing, crushing and shock action.

Increased amounts of phosphorus contribute to the strength of the skin and

pulp, and enhanced nitrogen nutrition reduces the strength of the skin, but

increases the strength of pulp [12].

The purpose of research is to evaluate promising lines of tomato, to

select the best of them to create new varieties with high adaptive and

productive potential, suitable for mechanical harvesting in the south of

Ukraine.

The methodology of research. Research conducted on irrigated land

of research field by laboratory of horticulture of IIA of NAAS. The soils

are dark brown slightly saltwort medium loam content in the 0-30 cm, layer

of humus 2.5 %, nitrate nitrogen 0.5, mobile phosphorus 6.0, exchangeable

potassium 40 mg per 100 g of absolutely dry soil (by Machyhin). Farming

equipment is common for the area.

Selection work carried out by the complete scheme selection process

according to current methodological guidelines [13, 14], guided by modern

methods of selection of vegetables and melons [15], Methodology of

research in vegetable and melon [16], the Methodology of State-quality

trial crops [17], methods of examination grades to the difference,

uniformity and stability [18]. Biochemical analysis of tomato fruit was

carried out in the laboratory of mass analysis of IIA of NAAS, certificate

attestation №RCH-062/2012. The reliability of the results obtained was

evaluated mathematical and statistical methods on B. A. Dospehov [19].

The results of research. Studies have shown that the growing season

advanced lines of tomato was within 105-110 days (Table 1).

As the total yield in average years of research have been the best line

(Titan x Shchit) x Rio Fuego (72.8 t/ha), (SH-4 x Antey) x L 885

(72.0 t/ha), Rio Grande x Naddnipryanskiy 1 (74.5 t/ha), (Veneta x SH-2) x

Rio Fuego (75.6 t/ha), Naddnipryanskiy 1 x Rio Fuego (74.7 t/ha), (IS-134

x Pertsevydnyy) x Roma (74.2 t/ha) and etc., which are on 5-11 % higher

than variety Naddnipryanskiy 1 (st) and on 12-19 % variety Lagidnyy (st).

These samples were ripening friendliness 76-83 % and 82-91 % of fruit

marketability.

Analysis of biochemical indicators of quality of fruits showed that

the best lines were: (Titan x Shchit) x Rio Fuego (5.82 % soluble dry

matter, 3.32 % sugar, 20.84 mh-% ascorbic acid), (SH-4 x Antey) x L 885

(6.00 % soluble dry matter, 3.67 % sugar, 21.87 mh-% ascorbic acid),

Naddnipryanskiy 1 x Rio Fuego (5,90 % soluble dry matter, 3.46 % sugar,

23.56 mh-% ascorbic acid), (IS-134 x Pertsevydnyy) x Roma (6.10 %

soluble dry matter, 3.50 % sugar, 22.06 mh-% ascorbic acid) and others

against 5.3 % soluble dry matter, 3.08 % sugar and 18.45 mh-% ascorbic

acid in a variety of standard Lagidnyy and 5.60 % soluble dry matter,

3.33 % sugar and 21.96 mh-% ascorbic acid in a variety-standard

Naddnipryanskiy 1.

1. – Characteristics of the best looking tomato lines for complex agronomic traits (average for 2012-2014 years)

The content in fruits

The name of sample

Gro

win

g s

easo

n, d

ays

Th

e to

tal

yie

ld, t/

ha

Fri

end

lin

ess

of

rip

enin

g,

%

Mar

ket

abil

ity

, %

Th

e w

eigh

t o

f th

e fe

tus,

g

So

lub

le d

ry m

atte

r,

%

Sug

ar,

%

Asc

orb

ic a

cid

, %

Aci

dit

y, %

pH

of

juice

(Тitan х Shchit) х Rio Fuego 108 72,8 82 85 62 5,82 3,32 20,84 0,50 4,28

(SH-4 х Аntey) х L-885 106 72,0 81 87 63 6,00 3,67 21,87 0,53 4,31

Petо 86 х Novichok 108 74,6 77 84 78 5,55 3,33 20,9 0,40 4,26

Rio Grande х Naddnipryanskiy 1 110 74,5 80 86 79 5,86 3,27 21,71 0,48 4,31

Petо 86 х L-54 108 71,4 76 82 65 5,75 3,34 22,90 0,48 4,42

Naddnipryanskiy 1 х Rio Fuego 106 74,7 79 87 74 5,90 3,46 23,56 0,44 4,28

Еrliston х L-1754 105 72,2 78 84 75 5,55 3,40 22,85 0,45 4,29

(IS-134 х Pertsevydnyy) х Roma 106 74,2 82 84 62 6,10 3,50 22,06 0,49 4,27

Rio Fuego х Naddnipryanskiy 1 105 74,8 80 91 91 5,99 3,53 22,72 0,50 4,22

Venetа х SH-2 107 71,2 83 88 69 5,84 3,35 22,23 0,44 4,28

Rio Fuego х SH-3 108 74,3 82 88 73 5,90 3,40 21,68 0,47 4,20

(Venetа х SH-2) х Rio Fuego 110 75,6 80 92 84 5,90 3,33 20,70 0,49 4,20

Naddnipryanskiy 1 (st) 109 67,8 83 89 62 5,68 3,33 21,96 0,46 4,23

Lagidnyy (st) 102 63,7 84 85 59 5,32 3,08 18,45 0,51 4,26

SSD05 4,3

Already found that in selected samples effort to lead a fruit from the

stalk were within 1.3-1.7 kg. The coefficient of variation was within 9.4-

14.2 %. The degree of variability of this trait was negligible in samples

Peto 86 x Novichok (V = 9.4 %) and SH-4 x Antey (V = 9.8 %), while the

remaining samples - average. The smallest effort to lead a fruit from the

stalk was in the samples: Peto 86 x Novichok – 1.2 ± 0.03 kg, Rio Fuego x

Naddnipryanskiy 1 – 1.3 ± 0.06 kg, the largest – in Naddnipryanskiy 1 x

Rio Fuego – 1,7 ± 0.08 kg.

Thus, all the best in performance samples effort to lead a fruit from

the stalk meets the requirements that are recommended for varieties that

are suitable for combine harvesting.

2. – The effort that was spent on the lead for fetal stem of the best samples

of tomato, kg (average 2012-2014 years)

The strength of tomato fruit peel on piercing identified using manual

dynamometric needle with a diameter of 1.0 mm of chop. From each

selected sample of 30 ripe and each of them did 5-10 punctures along the

greatest diameter. Distance between punctures was at least 1 cm needle

placed perpendicular to the surface of the fruit.

The name of sample Efforts are spent on lead

of fetal stem, kg V, %

(Тitan х Shchit) х Rіо Fuego 1,4± 0,07 10,6

(SH-4 х Аntey) х L-885 1,6± 0,06 12,8

Petо 86 х Novichok 1,3± 0,03 9,4

(Venetа х SH-2) х Rio Fuego 1,4± 0,05 13,5

Rio Fuego х Naddnipryanskiy 1 1,3± 0,06 12,3

Petо 86 х L-54 1,6± 0,04 14,2

Naddnipryanskiy 1 х Rio Fuego 1,7± 0,08 13,6

SH-4 х Аntey 1,4± 0,05 9,8

(IS-134 х Pertsev.) х Roma 1,6± 0,07 12,6

Venetа х SH-2 1,4± 0,05 11,7

Rio Fuego х SH-3 1,5± 0,06 13,4

Naddnipryanskiy 1 (st) 1,3± 0,04 10,8

Lagidnyy (st) 1,4± 0,05 12,5

Study found that the sampled had high strength peel of the fruit.

This figure was within 185-239 g/mm2, the coefficient of variation was

9.0-14.5 %. The degree of variability of this trait was negligible in samples

(Veneta x SH-2) x Rio Fuego (V = 9.0 %), SH-4 x Antey (V = 9.2 %), Rio

Fuego x Naddnipryanskiy r 1 (V = 9.4 %), Peto 86 x Novichok (V =

9.7 %), Rio Fuego x SH-3 (V = 9.9 %), while the remaining samples –

average.

The greatest strength of the fruit peel samples were characterized

by: (SH-4 x Antey) x L-885 - 230 of 5.9 g/mm2; (Veneta x SH-2) x Rio

Fuego – 239 5.0 g/mm2; Rio Fuego x Naddnipryanskiy 1 – 228 of 2.9

g/mm2.

It should be noted that all the samples that were selected for the

study as the best in performance, in terms of the strength of the skin on the

piercing answered those that should have tomato varieties for mechanical

harvesting - namely, not less than 140 g/mm2.

3. – The strength of tomato fruit peel on piercing, g/mm2

(average 2012-2014 years)

The name of sample The strength of the skin

for piercing g/mm2

V, %

(Тitan х Shchit) х Rіо Fuego 185± 6,5 10,8

(SH-4 х Аntey) х L-885 230± 5,9 13,5

Petо 86 х Novichok 216± 5,0 9,7

(Venetа х SH-2) х Rio Fuego 239± 5,0 9,0

Rio Fuego х Naddnipryanskiy 1 228± 2,9 9,4

Petо 86 х L-54 215± 4,8 14,5

Naddnipryanskiy 1 х Rio Fuego 218± 6,2 10,8

SH-4 х Аntey 196± 3,3 9,2

(IS-134 х Pertsev.) х Roma 217± 3,8 12,3

Venetа х SH-2 196± 5,0 11,4

Rio Fuego х SH-3 208± 3,5 9,9

Naddnipryanskiy 1 (st) 185± 3,7 9,7

Lagidnyy (st) 160± 5,6 12,9

Conclusions. As a result of selective breeding by selection synthetic

obtained promising new lines of tomato (Titan x Shchit) x Rio Fuego, (SH-

4 x Antey) x L-885, Peto 86 x Novichok, Rio Grande x Naddnipryanskiy

1, (Veneta x SH-2) x Rio Fuego, Naddnipryanskiy 1 x Rio Fuego (IS-134

x Pertsevydnyy) x Roma, Veneta x SH-2, Rio Fuego x SH-3, adapted to

the south of Ukraine, which in total exceed the yield of variety-standards

Naddnipryanskiy 1 and Lagidnyy respectively, 5-11 % and 12-19 %, for

physical and mechanical properties and quality indicators meet the

requirements for fruit varieties suitable for combine harvesting. The best

lines will serve as source material for new varieties with high adaptive and

productive potential, suitable for mechanical harvesting in the south of

Ukraine.

Bibliography.

1. Romashchenko M. І. Kraplynne zroshennya ovochevykh kultur I

kartopli v umovakh Stepu Ukrainy / Romashchenko M. І., Shatkovskyy А. P.,

Ryabkov S. V. – К. : DIA, 2012. – 248 s.

2. Kvasnikov B. Selektsiya tomatov / Kvasnikov B., Bekov R.,

Zaytsev A. // Mezhdunarodnyy s.-kh. zhurnal. – 1968. – № 2. – S. 56-63.

3. Avdeev Yu. I. Selektsiya tomatov / Yu. I. Avdeev. – Кishinev :

Shtiintsa, 1982. – 284 s.

4. Meysey G. Voprosy produktivnosti I kachestva ovochnykh kultur

/ G. Meysey, B. Baldi. – Sofiya, 1967. – S. 79-86.

5. Pyankov A. I. Fiziko-matematicheskie svoystva rasteniy, pochv I

udobreniy / А. I. Pyankov. – М., 1970. – S. 52-54.

6. Kravchenko V. А. Меtodyka I tekhnika selektsiynoi roboty z

tomatom / V. A. Kravchenko, О. V. Prylipka. – К. : Agrarna nauka, 2001.

– 84 s.

7. Bekov R. Kh. Otsenka iskhodnogo materiala I podbor sortov pri

selektsii tomato dlya mekhanizirovannoy uborki : аvtoref. dis. nа soiskanie

nauch. Stepeni kand. s.-kh. nauk: spets. 06.01.05 – Selektsiya I

semenovodstvo / R. Kh. Bekov. – М., 1968. – 20 s.

8. Kamimura S. The tomatoes / Kamimura S., Yoshikawa H.,

Kю Ito // Bull. Hort. Res. Stat. – 1972. – № 7. – P. 73-108.

9. Kamimura S. Morioka Iwate / Kamimura S., Yoshikawa H.,

Kю Ito // Bull. Hort. Res. Stat. – 1973 . – № 8. – P. 13-16.

10. Zhuchenkо А. А. Genetika tomatov / А. А. Zhuchenkо. –

Кishinev : Shtiintsa, 1973. – 663 s.

11. Моkriy V. I. Vliyanie fiziko-matematicheskikh svoystv na

transportabelnost plodov tomato v usloviyakh Moldavskoy SSR : аvtoref.

dis. nа soiskanie nauch. Stepeni kand. s.-kh. nauk: spets. 06.01.06 –

Оvochevodstvо / V. I. Mokriy. – М., 1971. – 21 s.

12. Musaev T. V. Моlodye ovochevody proizvodstvu /

Т. V. Musaev, Ya. G. Iskanderov. – Таshkent, 1971. – S. 86.

13. Kravchenko V. А. Меtodyka selektsii ovochevykh Roslyn

rodyny paslonovykh (Solanaceae L.) / Kravchenko V. A., Gorovа Т. К.,

Yakovenkо К. І. – Kh., 2001. – S. 252-287.

14. Меtodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii sortov I geterozisnykh

gibridov ovochnykh kultur. – L. : VIR, 1974. – 214 s.

15. Меtodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii sortov I gibridov tomata

dlya otkrytogo I zashchishchennogo grunta. – М. : VASKHNIL, 1986. –

112 s.

16. Меtodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi /

[Za red. G. L. Bondarenka, К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Kh. : Оsnovа, 2001. –

369 s.

17. Меtodyka Derzhavnogo sortovyprobyvannya

silskogospodarskykh kultur (kartoplya, ovochevi ta bashtanni kultury). –

К., 2001. – Vyp. 4. – 104 s.

18. Меtodyka ekspertyzy sortiv na vidmitnist, odnoridnist ta

stabilnist (VOS). Ovochevi, bashtanni kultury ta kartoplya // Оkhorona

prav na sorty Roslyn. Ofitsiynyy byuleten / Minagropolityry Ukrainy,

Derzhsluzhba z okhorony prav na sorty rolslyn. – К., 2004. – № 1, ch. 2. –

252 s.

19. Dospekhov B. А. Metodika polevogo opyta / B. А. Dospekhov.

– М. : Agropromizdat, 1985. – 350 s.

Ю.А. Лютая, Н.А. Кобылина

Оценка перспективных линий томата селекции Института

орошаемого земледелия НААН.

Резюме. Изложены результаты оценки перспективных линий

томата селекции Института орошаемого земледелия НААН.

Выделены образцы с высоким адаптивным и продуктивным

потенциалом, которые по урожайности превышают сорта-стандарты

на 11-19 %, по физико-механическим свойствам и показателям

качества плодов отвечают требованиям для сортов, пригодных для

механизированной уборки.

Ю.О. Люта, Н.О. Кобиліна

Оцінка перспективних ліній томата селекції Інституту

зрошуваного землеробства HAAH.

Резюме. Наведена характеристика новостворених

перспективних ліній томата з високим адаптивним і продуктивним

потенціалом, які за урожайністю перевищують сорти-стандарти на

11-19 %, за фізико-механічними властивостями і показниками якості

плодів відповідають вимогам для сортів, придатних для

механізованого збирання.


UDC: 632.938.1:635.63 631.4:631.544.4

O.F. Maryutin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

State phytosanitary inspection in Kharkiv region,

E.S. Shevchenko, CJSC TM "Zmiivska vegetable factory"

PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF

SUBSTRATES FOR GROWING OF CUCUMBER PLANTS IN

GREENHOUSES BLOCKS

The results have been studies on the effect of substrates on the

formation of the complex phytopathological and yields of cucumber plants

in greenhouses blocks.

Keywords: greenhouses blocks, substrate, hybrids of cucumber

plants, drip irrigation, root rot, powdery mildew, ascochyta, prevalence

and development of disease, harvest the fruits of cucumber.

Introduction. The intensive use of greenhouse structures encourages

researchers and manufacturers in development and implementation of new

technologies for growing vegetables, including cucumber plants. Selecting

greenhouse substrate as an integral technological level is important.

Analysis of the literature on the use of substrates [1, 7, 9, 10] shows that

greenhouse vegetable production in Ukraine and abroad 90 years of the

twentieth century in all types of greenhouses used mainly greenhouse soil.

How to use straw as substrate assembled. This substrate is used

primarily in greenhouses with no subsoil heat. Through fermentation of

straw in it formed an optimum temperature and water-air mode, neutral

environment for plant roots of cucumber [10]. Using straw has several

advantages. First of all, it is an organic fertilizer. Second, it can be used in

different types of greenhouses and other vegetables or to improve the

physical and chemical properties of light soils. Along with this widely

used straw not in packs with appropriate technological measures.

Along with traditional substrates, which are soil and straw as

substrate using peat [9].

In the last 10 years of leading foreign and domestic greenhouses are

switching to alternative artificial and natural substrates [1, 7], mostly

mineral wool [7]. For the first time this came substrate used in the © Maryutin O.F., Shevchenko E.S., 2014.

production of greenhouse structures of Denmark. He later joined the

practice in other states, including in Ukraine. The major technological

index of the substrate is that it allows you to maintain basic technological

requirements while growing cucumber plants in greenhouses.

In many countries, including in Ukraine, while growing cucumber

plants found widespread adoption coconut substrate [1]. One of its most

important properties is high air capacity during its saturation with water

when using drip irrigation.

Analysis of available information on the use of growing medium

cucumber greenhouses shows that all substrates used in vegetable

greenhouses have certain advantages and disadvantages. Information on

the effect on the formation of cucumber plants phytopathological complex

is fragmented indirect nature.

There is well-known that the root system of cucumber plants in

greenhouse shaped substrate and is genetically controlled in close

cooperation between the above ground plant organs. Pathogenic fungi as

independent biological systems have to react and adapt to technological

changes in the cultivation of cucumber. This may explain the change

phytopathological complex culture that makes it permanent study [3].

Phytopathological monitoring of cucumber plants, made in different types

of greenhouses within the Left-bank of Ukraine, showed a variety of

species composition of diseases that occur each year and cause significant

economic damage [2].

The aim of research. The method of researches. The purpose was

impact assessment were substrates for the formation of complex

phytopathological of cucumber plants in greenhouses agrocenoses. The

objects of the study were greenhouse substrates: soil, straw, cotton,

synthetic, substrate of coconut. In winter and spring changes of culture was

grown hybrid Atlet in summer and autumn - Kurazh.

Research performed by field studies in industrial greenhouses blocks

of CJSC TM "Zmiivska vegetable factory" and CJSC "Teplychnyy" in

Kharkiv region during 2007-2011.

Research, monitoring performed under generally accepted methods

regarding greenhouses [4, 5, 6, 8].

The results and discussion. The results of experimental studies

were performed in a production block greenhouses, summarized and

presented in Table 1 and 2.

Analytical analysis of research results are presented in Table 1

shows that depending on the type of greenhouse substrate

phytopathological complex of plant cucumber shaped differently than the

prevalence and intensity of prevailing diseases fungal etiology. Thus, root

rot were registered on soil and straw substrates. While growing of

cucumber on other substrates disease was absent. In soil substrate first cell

disease is usually manifested in the second or third decade of January.

Dynamics of increase in the prevalence of the disease was observed until

the second or third decade of March. Since of April, it decreased

significantly at the end of the month and new sources of disease are not

manifested.

During growing of cucumber on straw substrate prevalence of root

rot was different. The table shows that transplanting in greenhouses is

usually occurred in the first week of April. Plants which were manifested

symptoms of root rot in early plant growth (second or third decade of June,

10-12 days after planting). The increasing prevalence of the disease was

observed in the first-second decade of May. In the summer months there

was no disease. The total percentage of plants showing symptoms of root

rot reached 6.8 %.

The analysis of the incidence of powdery mildew on plants and

ascohyta of cucumber on the studied substrates indicates that the mildew

on the soil substrate was shown in the first and second half of March, two

months after the growing season. In a straw substrate where seedlings

landed in early April, the first disease manifested month after planting

plants in the greenhouse production. It should be noted that in the first

embodiment, the intensity of the disease was in the range of 3.5 % to

85.0 %, while these figures on a straw substrate fluctuated within

5,0-55,4 %. In terms of mineral wool and prevalence of powdery mildew

on cucumber plants were similar to the embodiment of the soil substrate.

For substrate of coconut disease usually manifested in the first or second

week of April, but the intensity distribution is rapidly growing.

1. – Comparative phytopathological impact assessment substrate in irrigation of cucumber plants Atlet F1,

Kurazh F1, the prevalence of diseases dominant fungal etiology in greenhouses blocks

at CJSC TM "Zmiivska vegetable factory", CJSC "Teplychnyy" in Kharkiv region in 2007-2011 years

Number of variants, type of substrate in greenhouse

Soil Straw Mineral wool Coconut

Prevalence of disease, %

The

dynamics

of the

develop-

ping of

diseases,

month,

decade

Root

rot

Oidium Asco-

hyta

Root

rot

Oidium Asco-

hyta

Root

rot

Oidium Asco-

hyta

Root

rot

Oidi-

um

Asco-

hyta

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

I - - - - - - - - -

II - - - - - - - - -

Jeny-

ary

III 0,6-

1,0

- -

Growing without soil

heating - - - - - -

I 1,7-

2,0

- - - - - - - -

II 2,0-

2,8

- - - - - - - -

Febry

-ary

III 3,0-

3,2

- - - - - - - -

I 3,2-

3,8

3,5-8,0 - Laying of bales

- 3,0-7,0 - - - - March

II 4,0-

4,5

10,0-

12,0

- - 7,0-8,5 - - - -

Continuation of table 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

III 4,0-

5,0

14,5-

15,0

- - 9,0-10,0 - - - -

I 1,4-

1,0

200-

22,0

1,2-

3,0 Planting a seedling

- 12,5-

13,0

1,0-

2,0

- 0,5-2,0 0,5-

1,8

II 1,0-

0,5

28,0-

30,5

3,0-

4,0

0,2-

0,5

- - - 16,0-

20,0

3,0-

6,0

- 2,0-3,0 2,0-25

April

III - 30,0-

32,5

10,0-

12,0

1,5-

2,0

- - - 21,5-

25,0

7,0-

10,5

- 3,5-7,0 2,5-

4,0

I - 35,0-

40,0

18,5-

20,0

2,0-

2,5

- 2,4-

4,0

- 26,0-

30,2

19,0-

22,0

- 10,5-

12,0

4,0-

8,0

II - 40,0-

45,0

25,0-

27,0

2,5-

3,0

5,0-6,0 5,5-

8,0

- 30,0-

34,0

25,5-

35,0

- 15,0-

28,5

10,0-

16,5

May

III - 45,0-

50,5

35,0-

40,0

1,0-

0,5

10,0-

12,5

9,0-

12,5

- 35,5-

36,0

46,0-

50,0

- 30,0-

32,0

25,0-

37,0

I - 53,0-

55,0

45,0-

50,0

- 15,0-

17,0

15,0-

30,0

- 40,5-

47,0

50,0-

60,0

- 30,0-

42,5

40,0-

44,5

II - 60,0-

70,0

65,0-

80,0

- 25,5-

30,0

30,0-

50,0

- 50,6-

62,5

60,0-

75,0

- 40,0-

60,0

70,0-

85,0

June

III - 80,0-

85,5

90,0-

95,0

- 40,0-

55,5

60,0-

85,0

- 75,0-

80,0

80,0-

85,5

- 60,0-

77,0

90,0-

100,0

2. – Comparative assessment of the impact on the dynamics of substrates,

total fruit yield of cucumber plants Atlet F1 in winter-spring changes of

culture in greenhouses blocks at CJSC TM "Zmiivska vegetable factory",

CJSC "Teplychnyy" in Kharkiv region (average of 2007-2011 years)

Dynamics of the yield, kg/m2 by month Number of

variants,

type of

substrate in

greenhouse

Febry-

ary March April May June

Total yield,

kg/m2

Soil 2,21-2,5 4,83-5,0 5,9-6,0 6,0-6,2 7,61-

7,82 26,53-27,52

Straw 2,59-2,15 4,61-4,67 5,72-5,53 6,89-7,95 4,51-

7,56 24,32-27,86

Mineral

wool 1,93-1,97 6,08-5,92 7,2-6,94 8,05-6,92

7,8-

8,37 31,15-30,12

Substrate of

coconut 1,9-2,4 5,05-6,1 7,0-7,27 6,88-8,06

7,93-

8,55 29,72-32,38

SSD05 4,6

It is necessary to point out that mildew in some years and was shown

on cucumber seedlings as winter-spring and summer-autumn changes of

culture. Find out pattern of the display of powdery mildew was not

possible. The overall index for the studied substrates on powdery mildew is

that at the conclusion of the growing season of cucumber disease

prevalence rate for them was the same factor – within 55.5-85.0 % disease

mostly wore focal character.

Considering the prevalence of sheet ascohyta on plants of cucumber,

it was found that all investigated substrates disease manifested in 30-50

days after the onset of fruiting plants. After completion of the growing

season in winter and Spring changes of culture regardless of substrate

prevalence of sheet ascohyta reached 95.0-100 %.

According to our research found that different types of greenhouse

substrates have different effects on the formation phytopathological state of

cucumber plants in greenhouses and block dynamics of the dominant

complex diseases.

In spite of introduction of new technologies for growing cucumber

plants, including new types of substrates can be predicted that the place of

traditional soil and straw substrates occupy mineral wool, coconut and

other promising substrates to be under influence the complex

phytopathological of cucumber plants.

The main indicator of the usefulness of new technologies cucumber

growing, including greenhouse choice of substrate is harvest. Over the years,

research in the winter-spring changes of culture growing season (January-

decade and decade and July) was five months. Statistics of indicators presented

in Table 2. The table shows that the yield of cucumber fruit was within 26.53-

27.25 kg/m2; on straw substrate – 24.32-27.86 kg/m

2; mineral wool – 30.15-

30.12 kg/m2; substrate of coconut 29.72-32.38 kg/m

2. In summer and autumn

changes of culture (I-II decade of July, direct seeding lasted until the third

decade of October - and decade of November) are 3.0-3.1 months. Harvest on

substrates made: soil – 8.25-8.4 kg/m2; straw – 10.05-10.69 kg/m

2; mineral

wool – 9.36-9.72 kg/m2; substrate of coconut – 10.08-11.24 kg/m

2.

Over the years our research performance downy mildew on cucumber

plants had occasional fade in summer and autumn changes of culture. Due to

reduced growing season changes of culture disease has made an appreciable

economic impact on the rate of yield of cucumber fruit.

For greenhouses in winter-spring changes of culture in cucumber

growing economically important economic indicator is an early harvest.

Analysis of the dynamics of the harvest (February-June) as set out in the

table shows that in February for option soil and crop straw substrates were

respectively 2.21-2.50 kg/m2; 2.54-2.15 kg/m

2. For mineral wool substrate

wake these figures slightly lower compared to a soil substrate to 0.28-

0.53 kg/m2, compared to straw substrate - to 0.66-0.18 kg/m

2. In March-

June harvest on mineral wool and substrate of coconut was significantly

higher compared to the soil and straw substrates that have a positive impact

on the overall yield and fruit cucumber. A similar pattern was observed on

total harvest in the summer-autumn changes of culture, soil substrate –

8.25-8.4 kg/m2; straw – 10.05-10.69 kg/m

2; mineral wool – 9.35-9.72

kg/m2; substrate of coconut – 10.08-11.24 kg/m

2.

Thus, long-term studies performed show that mineral wool and

substrates of coconut during drip irrigation cucumber plants are promising

substrates in new technologies with a growing culture phytopathological

point of view and from the economic and commercial.

Conclusions.

1. Phytopathological complex of diseases that are dominant on

cucumber plants depending on the type of substrate on which they were

grown, was not identical.

2. While growing cucumber plants in soil and root rot straw

substrates was every year. The prevalence of the disease was within 10-12

% in the soil substrate, 6.8 % – on a straw. When growing of cucumber

synthetic wool and substrates of coconut root rot are not registered.

3. Accounting prevalence of powdery mildew on cucumber plants

showed that the substrate is not significantly affected these figures. The

intensity of the disease affected other biotic and abiotic factors.

4. Flaky form ascohyta was annually in the studied hybrids of

cucumber in winter-spring, so in the summer-autumn culture of changes

regardless of the substrate. The prevalence of the disease before the end of

the growing season reaches 80-100 %.

5. Completed registrations of fruits of cucumber plants that are

grown on substrates studied in winter-spring and summer-autumn culture

of changes shown promising mineral wool and substrates of coconut.

Bibliography.

1. Kotsur V. Gruntyly substrat? Opyt Vengrii / V. Kotsur //

Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2010.–№ 6. – S. 30-31.

2. Maryutin O. F. Fitosanitarnyy stan ogirka pry kraplynnomu

zroshenni substrativ u blokovykh teplytzyakh / О. F. Maryutin,

V. D. Shevchenko // Zb. Tez nauk. dop. Molodukh uchenykh Instytutu

ovochivnytstva I bashtannytstva UAAN. – Kh., 2009. – S. 56-58.

3. Maryutin O. F. Rol korenevoi systemy u formuvanni

fitopatologichnogo kompleksu ogirka v teplychnykh agrotsenozakh /

О. F. Маryutin // Innovatsii v ovochivnytstvi: dosyagnennya I perspektyvy:

Zb. tez mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. / Instytut ovochivnytstva I

bashtannytstva NAAN. – Kh., 2010. – S. 81-82.



5. Naumov N. А. Metody mikologicheskikh I fitopatologicheskikh

issledovaniy / N. A. Naumov. – М.; L., 1937. – 270 s.

6. Osvetsymskiy V. Mineralnaya vata v teplichnom proizvodstve /

V. Osvetsymskiy // Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2010. - № 12. – S. 66-68.

7. Rudenko N. М. Metodika otsenki ustoychivosti sortov

tykvennykh kultur k muchnistoy rose / N. М. Rudenkо, N. S. Gorshkova. –

М., 1970. – 5 s.

8. Taranov V. V. Promyshlennoe proizvodstvo ovoshchey v

zimnikh teplitsakh na sfagovom torfe / V. V. Taranov // Promyshlennoe

proizvodstvo ovoshchey v teplitsakh. – М. : Sofiya, 1977. – S. 66-71.

9. Shatalov F. P. Vyrashchivanie in greenhouses on straw bales /

F. P. Shatalov, R. V. Оgarkova // Industrial production of vegetables in

greenhouses. – М. : Sofia. – 1977. S. 33-51.

А.Ф. Марютин, Е.С. Шевченко

Фитопатологическая и хозяйственная оценка субстратов при

выращивании растений огурца в блочных теплицах.

Резюме. Изложены результаты исследований о влиянии

субстратов на формирование фитопатологического комплекса и

урожай растений огурца в блочных теплицах.

О.Ф. Марютін, Є.С. Шевченко

Фітопатологічна і господарська оцінка субстратів при

вирощуванні рослин огірка у блокових теплицях.

Резюме. Висвітлені результати досліджень щодо вивчення

впливу субстратів на формування фітопатологічного комплексу і

урожай рослин огірка в блокових теплицях.


UDC: 635.64:631.147

Т.М. Miroshnichenko, Postgraduate Student,

Т.V. Іvchenko, V.L. Chernenko, Candidates of Agrarian Sciences


IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF TOMATO SAMPLES RESISTANCE

TO FUSARIUM WILT

The possibility of rapid assessment of tomato samples resistance to

Fusarium wilt by the calluses reaction to the content of FCF of pathogenic

fungus in the culture medium in vitro was shown. A visual scale for assess

the impact of toxins complex of F. oxysporum FCF on callus growth and

development was created. The results of the assessment coincide with the

results of the assessment by CMEA phytopathological method.

Key words: tomato, Fusarium wilt, assessment of resistance.

Introduction. Fusarium wilt, pathogens which are fungi Fusarium

solani and Fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most harmful diseases of

solanaceous plants in general and tomato in particular. On the territory of

Ukraine, especially in dry years, losses of tomato yield because of impact

of these pathogens reach 20-30 % in greenhouses and in the open field.

Extremely high air temperatures and humidity in greenhouses create

extremely favorable atmosphere for the Fusarium wilt development and

dissemination. At the same time, modern zoned in Ukraine tomato cultivars

are not adapted to the new conditions of cultivation and showing a low

resistance to this disease. Because of that, investigations to find resistance

sources and donors to Fusarium wilt of tomato are relevant to breeding

practice. In this regard, there is a need for reliable laboratory rapid methods

for assessment of breeding samples resistance to Fusarium.

Assess the resistance of tomato to Fusarium wilt is carried out by

methods of artificial infection seedlings, individual shoots or mature plants

that are grown in infectious background by inoculum (15-day live-culture

© Miroshnichenko Т.М., Іvchenko Т.V., Chernenko V.L., 2014.

of fungal pathogen). The degree of damage of plants by disease is

determined after 30 and 60 days. Overall characteristics of the sample

resistance level can be obtained after 2-3 years of research [1].

A disadvantage of this method is the need for a significant amount of

infectious material, long-term studies and the risk of losing susceptible to

Fusarium genotypes that have other valuable features.

Also, evaluation of the resistance of tomatoes to Fusarium wilt can

be determined in vitro by the growth of pollen tubes on the selective

medium [2]. But this method can evaluate resistance only at the

microgametophyte level (state the fact whether or not resistance only).

Thus it is necessary to consider the time of the object suitability for

analysis (term viability of pollen, fertility rate).

In modern scientific literature published several experimental works,

which demonstrate the efficiency of using of various methods of artificial

infection in assessment and selection of sustainable forms of agricultural

plants in vitro. They are based on the determination of the general and

specific reactions of callus lines or regenerated plants on pathogens

artificial infection in conditions, controlled by explorer [3, 4, 5].

A promising way to assess resistance to Fusarium wilt is the

cultivation of tomato callus clones in vitro on selective nutritional media

with the addition of the fungal culture filtrate (FCF) of fungi – agents of

diseases. Research conducted by V. P. Miroshnichenko, proven efficacy of

this approach in creating source breeding forms of tomato resistant to

Alternaia [6]. The advantage of this method is the ability to assess large

amounts of material obtained from a minimum of seeds; independence of

the season and the availability of winter greenhouses; opportunity not only

to determine the level of sample resistance to Fusarium wilt, but also select

and propagate perspective clones in vitro.

The aim of research was to determine the effectiveness of the

assessment of tomato breeds resistance to Fusarium wilt and develop the

parameters of rapid method for breeds screening in vitro.

The method of researches. The studies were conducted according to

standard methods [7]. For the study was used 7 samples of different

genotypes of tomato: a hybrid F7 Zlatovlaska x CDS-5 (K-4138); 5 samples

of androgenic origin, derived from hybrid F1 Svitanok x Volgogradets,

including 2 samples seeds of which were treated with γ-rays (MK-1/5 and

MK-1/10; absorbed dose – 150 Gr), 3 samples – with confirmed resistance

to Alternaria alternata FCF (I5, I7, I31); cultivar Ukrainskiy teplychniy

285 as the standard for greenhouse conditions.

For obtaining seedlings on 100 seeds of each sample were put in a

sterile culture at hormoneless Murashigue-Skoog medium (MS). For cell

breeding using cotyledons of sterile seedlings that were planted in the

induction culture medium BI (medium MS +2 mg/l 6-BAP and

2 mg/l IAA) [7] with the addition as a selective agent 30 and 50 % FCF of

pathogen fungus F. oxysporum. FCF was provided by specialists-

phytopathologists of IVM of NAAS.

Resistant callus clones selection on selective media was taken on-one

time. The number of samples in one variant is 20 pieces, three replications.

Accounting was performed in 30 days after primary explants deposition. The

level of samples resistance to F. oxysporum FCF determined by calculating the

number of explants that survived in each variant compared with the control (no

FCF) and identifies the influence of selective media with different

concentrations of FCF to callusogenesis and morphogenesis in tissue culture of

tomato. The point of morphogenesis was determined on a 5-point scale,

developed in the laboratory of biotechnology of IVM of NAAS.

Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by B. A. Dospeсhov [8].

The results of researches. Our studies determined the relationship

between the level of susceptibility of tomato samples to Fusarium wilt and

calluses reaction to the content of F. oxysporum FCF in the culture medium

in vitro. Results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of different

concentrations of F. oxysporum FCF on the number of viable explants is

individual for each sample (Table 1), and it is a factor B – genotype – is

determinative. Thus, the viability of tomato explants in the media with FCF

is dependent, primarily, on samples genetic resistance to Fusarium wilt.

For factor A – the environment – a significant difference was defined

only for sample I7 between the control and the variant of 50 % content of

FCF. Survival of explants on variants was 85.2 and 17.2 %, respectively.

The difference in variations in other samples did not exceed SSD05 that is

within the error of experiment. This result can be explained by low FCF

pathogenicity of used pathogens strain. However, viability of callus clones

of all the samples in the control variant is higher than in the variants with

the addition of FCF, and there is the tendency to reduce the number of

viable explants with increasing of selective agent concentrations in culture

medium. Analysis of variance confirms the presence of significant

relationships between these parameters. By analyzing the viability

parameters samples MK-1/5 and K-4138 allocated among researched as the

most resistant – the number of viable calluses of these breeds in the

experimental variants with 30 and 50 % containing the selective agent

practically does not differ from controls.

The standard cultivar Ukrainskiy teplychniy 285 completely lost on

selective media. The most sharp decrease in the number of viable explants

characteristic genotypes MK-1/10 and I7. This indicates their susceptibility

to Fusarium wilt. The low absolute survival rates of genotype K-4138 can

be explained by naturally weak response to culturing in vitro.

Selective effect of F. oxysporum FCF manifested in processes of

callusogenesis and morphogenesis. Significant differences in terms of the

average callus volume were identified between versions of medium and

between genotypes. In our opinion, this indication is most clearly reflects

the individual genotypes sensitivity to Fusarium wilt.

Adding a selective agent caused reducing the average callus volume

of all genotypes (table 2). For example, this parameter rate of the sample

MK-1/5 was 804.8 mm3 in the control variant, in the variant with FCF 30%

– 276.0 mm3, and with 50 % – only 66.5 mm

3. Genotype MK-1/10 had

respectively 476.7, 128.3 and mm3. The strongest depressing effect of FCF

to this trait manifested on genotypes MK-1/5, I5, MK-1/10 and I7.

The average point of morphogenesis also significantly decreased

with the concentration of FCF increasing. Thus, for genotype MK-1/5, this

index was reduced from 5 to 2 from the control to variant with FCF 50 %.

For genotypes MK-1/10 and I7 in medium with 50 % content of pathogen

morphogenesis was not observed at all. An exception is the genotype I5,

which morphogenesis in vitro did not change depending on the

concentration of F. oxysporum FCF in culture medium. In all variants of

the experiment the average point of morphogenesis was equal 2. Thus

individual sensitivity of each sample of tomato to the studied pathogen

express through complex changes in parameters of explants viability.

In the result of research a 5-point scale for visual assessment the

impact of complex toxins of F. oxysporum FCF on growth and

development of explants was developed. It combines estimation of the

number of viable explants and the intensity of callusogenesis: point 0 –

highly resistant, tissue development not differ from cultivation in control

variant; 1 point – resistant, to 25 % of chlorosis tissues, intensive callus

increase; point 2 – moderately resistant, to 50 % of chlorosis tissues, the

moderatecallus growth; point 3 – susceptible, to 75 % of chlorosis tissues,

callus growth is suppressed; point 4 – highly susceptible, more than 75 %

of chlorosis tissues, there no callus growth. The samples were divided by

the level of resistance in culture in vitro as follows: highly susceptible –

Ukrainskiy teplychniy 285, MK-1/10; susceptible – I5; moderately resistant

– K-4138, I7, I31; resistant – MK-1/5. Genotype MK-1/5 was characterized

by the highest level of resistance during the study.

Resistant callus clones were selected in the studied genotypes in both

variants of selective medium, regenerated plants were obtained. Then adapted

to natural conditions pot plants were obtained that were planted in the glass

greenhouse to get seeds. In 2013, the results of field phytopathological

assessment of their progeny for resistance to Fusarium wilt by CMEA method

coincided with the results of the experiment (Table 3). Thus, the developed

scale can be used for the preliminary assessment of the resistance of tomato

samples. In addition, the proposed method makes it possible to conduct the sell

breeding to resistance of tomato to Fusarium wilt in parallel with the

assessment, which speeds up the breeding process. The experimental results

were used in develop of method recommendations “Sell technologies of

creation of main vegetable plants source breeding material in vitro”.

Conclusions. The proposed express-method of assessment allows

obtaining reliable data on the levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt of tomato

samples and hybrid combinations at different stages of the selection process.

Bibliography.

1. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii sortov I gibridov tomato dlya

otkrytogo I zashchishchennogo grunta. – М. : VASKHNIL, 1986. – S. 54-57.

2. Pat. 3848 Belarus. – С1 А01Р1/00, А01Н1/04. Sposob otsenki

ustoychivosti tomato k fusarioznomu uvyadaniyu / [Anokhina V. S.,

Piskun S. G., Poliksenova V. D., Timoshenkо М. К.]. – оpubl. 03.06.2001.

3. Kalashnikovа Е. А. Kletochnaya selektsiya rasteniy na

ustoychivost k gribnym boleznyam: dis. doktora biol. nauk: spets. 03.00.23

/ Е. А. Каlashnikovа. – М., 2003. – 279 s.

4. Biologiya kletok rasteniy in vitro I biotekhnologiya : sb. nauch. tr. IX

mezhdunar. konf., 8-12 sentyabrya 2008 g. / IFR im. К. А. Timiryazevа, MGU im.

М. V. Lomonosovа. – М. : ООО «ID FBК-PRESS», 2008. – S.156, 410.

5. Pat. 94034770 Rossiyskaya federatsiya, MPК 6 А01Н1/04,

А01G7/00. Sposob otbora rasteniy, ustoychivykh k fitopatogenu /

[Vedeneevа М. L., Tikhonovа Т. V., Маrkelovа Т. S., Кirillovа Т. V.]. –

оpubl. 27.05.1997.

6. Pat. 62592 Ukrainа, МPК А01Р1/04 (2006.01). Sposib stvorennya

stiykykh proty alternariozu vykhidnykh form tomata /

[Miroshnichenko V. P., Ivchenko T. V., Chernenko V. L.,

Chernenkо К. М.]. – opubl. 12.09.2011, Byul. № 17.

7. Miroshnichenko V. P. metodyka doslidzhen v kulturi izolovanykh

tkanyn ovochevykh roslyn / Miroshnichenko V. P., Sergienko О. F.,

Ivchenko T. V. [ta in.]. – Меrefа : ІОB UААN, 2004. – 25 s.

8. Dosrekhov B. А. metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami

statisticheskoy obrabotki resultatov issledovaniy) / B. А. Dospekhov. – М. :

Коlos, 1979. – 416 s.

Т.М. Мирошниченко, Т.В. Ивченко, В.Л. Черненко

Оценка устойчивости образцов томата к фузариозному

увяданию в культуре in vitro.

Резюме. Показана возможность проведения экспресс-оценки

устойчивости образцов томата против фузариозного увядания по

реакции каллусов на содержание ФКЖ гриба-возбудителя болезни в

питательной среде в культуре in vitro. Разработана шкала для

визуальной оценки влияния комплекса токсинов ФКЖ F. oxysporum на

рост и развитие каллусов. Результаты скрининга совпадают с

результатами фитопатологической оценки по методике СЭВ.

Т.М. Мірошніченко, Т.В. Івченко, В.Л. Черненко

Оцінка стійкості зразків томата до фузаріозного в’янення в

культурі in vitro.

Резюме. Показана можливість проведення експрес-оцінки

стійкості зразків томата до фузаріозного в’янення за реакцією калюсів

на вміст ФКР гриба-збудника хвороби у живильному середовищі в

культурі in vitro. Розроблена шкала для візуальної оцінки впливу

комплексу токсинів ФКР F. oxysporum на ріст і розвиток калюсів.

Результати скринінгу співпадають з результатами фітопатологічної

оцінки за методикою РЕВ.

1. – The number of viable explants of tomato in culture media with

different content of fungus F. oxysporum FCF, pcs.

(average for 2012-2013 years)

Factor А: medium Factor В:

genotype МS without

FCF, control

MS+30 %

FCF

MS+50 %

FCF

Average in

factor В

МК-1/5 83,3 80,3 79,8 81,1

МК-1/10 68,3 55,8 33,0 52,4

I 5 66,7 53,3 33,3 51,1

I 7 85,2 35,5 17,8 46,2

I 31 93,5 52,3 48,7 64,8

К-4138 25,5 15,0 10,1 16,9

Average in

factor А 70,4 48,7 37,1 52,1

SSD 05 А 61,4

SSD05 В,

АВ 10,2

2. – The average callus volume of tomato samples in culture media with

different content of fungus F. oxysporum FCF, mm3


Factor А: medium Factor В:

genotype МS without

FCF, control

MS+30 %

FCF

MS+50 %

FCF

Average in

factor В

МК-1/5 808,5±10,1 270,6±17,8 66,0±9,5 381,7

МК-1/10 482,5±35,3 131,3±3,9 5,9±1,1 206,6

I 5 636,7±14,2 308,5±8,5 76,0±1,7 340,4

I 7 410,0±15,4 330,0±18,9 2,0±0,4 247,3

I 31 216,2±10,4 163,4±10,9 112,1±10,4 163,9

К-4138 119,3±15,1 89,2±6,4 57,8±4,0 88,8

Average in

factor А 445,5 215,5 53,3 238,1

SSD05 А 105,8

SSD05 В,

АВ 17,7

3. – The level of resistance of tomato samples to Fusarium wilt in vitro and

in vivo

Resistance in vitro Resistance in vivo

Breeding

sample Damage

% Point

Level of

resistance /

susceptibility

Damage

% CMEA

Level of

resistance /

susceptibility

Ukrainskiy

teplychniy

285

100,0 4 highly

susceptible 48,5 3

low

resistance /

average

susceptibility

МК-1/10 77,7 4 –//– 46,3 3 –//–

I 5 67,3 3 susceptible 37,1 3 –//–

I 7 38,2 2 moderately

resistant 20,6 5

average

resistance /

weak

susceptibility

I 31 32,1 2 –//– 16,3 5 –//–

К-4138 28,4 2 –//– 6,9 7 high / practical

resistance

МК-1/5 19,5 1 resistant 4,2 7 –//–


UDC: 635.63:631.527

V.М. Nesin, Sciences Researcher,

О.V. Pozniak, Junior Sciences Researcher,

Experimental Station «Mayak» ІVM of NAAS

NEW VARIETY OF CUCUMBER NEZHINSKIY 23

Results of selection work on creation of a variety of cucumber

Nіzhinskiy 23 are considered, its morphology and a biometry and the

economic characteristics is resulted.

Keywords: vegetable, selection, cucumber, variety.

Introduction. Cucumber is one of the main vegetables in the open as

well as a protected ground. It contains 94-96 % water, a small amount of

solids and vitamins, about 15 biologically active substances and mineral

salts. The use of cucumber helps to improve appetite and the absorption of

other products, as in the fruit are available enzymes necessary for better

absorption of vitamin B1, and alkaline salts that reduce gastric acidity. The

fruits are recommended for kidney and liver. Juice of cucumber is useful in

rheumatic diseases; high potassium content helps to remove water from the

human body, regulates and facilitates the work of the heart [1].

At the Nizhyn district in Chernihiv region through national selection

was created by variety of cucumber Nizhynskyy mistsevyy that has been

standard quality to salting type. Based on this variety was evolved famous

production of nizhynskiy cucumber. At the end of the twentieth century (after

all, commercially – and to nowadays) growing varieties of cucumber

nizhynskiy types of sort in the region as a whole in the state stopped due to low

resistance to pseudoperonospora (downy mildew), which epiphytotics

observed since the late 80's the last century. However, due to lack of raw

materials and manufacturing declined. Its recovery is based on varieties and

hybrids of foreign selection (mainly, though now been established domestic

cucumber assortment of high quality to salting and relative resistance against

harmful diseases).

Over time, marked the entry grade Nizhynskiy mistsevyy relative

stability against pseudoperonospora, tend to change as a result of constant © Nesyn V.M., Poznyak A.V., 2014.

population selection toward an earlier entry into fruiting plants.

This makes it possible to increase the number of selected fruits in a

massive spread of the disease, created relatively stable forms – varieties,

hybrids, lines.

In order to preserve local varieties of cucumber Nizhynskiy

conducted search and selection work research institutions located in the

region, including research station "Mayak" at Institute of Vegetables and

Melons of NAAS.

Thus, the selection and experimental station "Mayak" (now ES

"Mayak" IVM of NAAS), which was established in seed farm Kotovskyy at

village Kruty of Nizhyn district, Chernihiv region by order of the Ministry

of Agriculture of the USSR № 192 of April 26, 1974 with the aim of

improving the technology of mechanized cultivation and harvesting

vegetable seeds and fodder root crops in areas Poleis USSR, from the very

beginning of the establishment under thematic programs carried out research

work with variety of cucumber of national selection for Nizhynsky

mistsevyy study various aspects: morphologically-held biometric description

of the variety of the population, maintenance of a variety of clean, selection

and seed-growing work on varietal population. Currently, all these areas are

revived and included in thematic research plan for 2011-2015 years.

In 2005, a variety of cucumber Nizhynsky mistsevyy was registered

at the National Center for plant genetic resources of Ukraine (Certificate of

registration of specimen gene pool of plants in Ukraine № 177 / Request

№ 000249 of 14.03.02 year. – № of registration at the National catalog is

UL 3700137).

An important step in the study of varieties of cucumber Nizhynskyy

mistsevyy in modern conditions is its registration at the State register of

plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine. This is due to the fact

that under current legislation varieties that are not included in the register

cannot be grown at the territory of Ukraine. In 2009, to the State service for

the Protection of plant varieties by experimental station "Mayak" of Institute

of vegetables and melons of NAAS was filed Application for registration of

the variety and its recognition supports stations. Analysis of the results of

field studies on Yakymivskiy State variety station in 2010 and in 2011

showed that the homogeneity of the variety is within normal limits; in 2012

examination grade in State variety station was completed positively.

So there is every reason to expect that variety of famous cucumber

Nizhynskyy mistsevyy, that was a standard type for pickling for several

centuries, will remain in history, and will be revived, maintained and

improved. At least in ES "Mayak" IVM of NAAS it is de facto. Thus, the

revival of cucumber production based on it (and new forms of nizhynskyy

types of sort of properties have classic variety) are real [9].

However, at the experimental station "Mayak" IVM of NAAS is taking

extensive research work on the creation of modern assortment of cucumber

varieties such as Nizhynskyy [7, 8, 10].

The aim of research: creation of varieties and hybrids of cucumber for

pickling type (type of sort Nizhynskyy), high yield, long period of economic

life, relative resistance to the most harmful diseases primarily

pseudoperonospora (downy mildew), which are adapted to growing

conditions in the areas of the Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine.

The method of researches. The object of research: breeding of

cucumber. Subject of research: collectible varieties samples of cucumber

breeding material. Breeding work carried out at the experimental field research

station "Mayak" IVM of NAAS at village Baklanove at Nizhyn district,

Chernihiv region in accordance with generally accepted methodological

guidelines [2, 4, 5, 11]. Evaluation of morphological characters performed by

the method of examination of the diversity, uniformity and stability (DUS) State

service for the protection of plant varieties of Ukraine [3, 6].

The results of researches. As a result of breeding work at the

experimental station "Mayak" IVM of NAAS created a new variety of

cucumber Nizhynskyy 23, which is allocated for scientific and technical

expertise in the expert institutions of the State veterinary and phytosanitary

service of Ukraine in 2013. When you create a class method applied

individually-family selection of classic variety Nizhynskyy mistsevyy.

In the nursery source material in 2005 there are 42 families studied

of varieties Nizhynskyy mistsevyy and further work towards the creation of

a new class families identified by 7 indicators early maturity, yield of fruits,

moderate (relative) resistance to downy mildew (pseudoperonospora), high

taste the fruit in salted form, high seed productivity.

In 2006-2010 assessed and breeding families rejection atypical

varieties and forming a defined population in the model class

morphological and biometric characteristics and economic indicators.

For sample homogeneity in breeding nursery conducted individual

family selection on morphological and agronomic traits. Promising varieties

for 2011-2013 studied in the nursery competitive varieties tested.

Morphological identification of description variety Nizhynskyy 23.

Type of growth plant is indeterminate, branched stems, stem length is

180 cm. The provisions of the leaf blade in the space are horizontal. Leaf

length is 15 cm. The shape of the upper blade apex of the leaf blade is dull.

Sandwiched plate is green color of moderate intensity. Blisters leaf blade is

moderate undulation edges are absent or weak; serration edges of the leaf

blade is weak.

The plant, according to the article is monoecious. Number of female

flowers per node is usually one.

The color of the outer covering of the ovary is black. Partenite carpio

is available. The fruit is greens, the length is short - 8 cm (sort of belongs to

the gherkin type) with a diameter of 3 cm; cross-sectional shape is angular

greens (three sided) shape-based fruit is dull, rounded shape is tops. The

main color of the skin of the fruit in the phase of technical maturity is green

moderate intensity. Ribbing fruit is moderate, no seam, wrinkles on the

surface of the fruit is missing. Type of cover fruit – only spikes, their

location is very dense. On the surface of the fruit available are medium hills.

The strips on the surface of the fruit of medium length; spots available,

distributed mainly bands occupy 2/3 of the length of the fetus are tight.

Plaque on fruits is moderate. Over the length of the stalk is short.

The main color of the skin of the fruit in the phase of physiological

maturity (seed) is brown.

The economic characteristics of the new varieties of cucumber

Nizhynskyy 23.

Created grade of cucumber Nizhynskyy 23 is medium later, from mass

germination to early fruiting is 45 days. Seeds ripen through 85-100 days.

Duration bearing is 56 days.

The results of sort competition test on natural of epiphytoties background

pseudoperonospora of new varieties of cucumber Nizhynskyy 23 shown in

Table 1.

The newly created variety of cucumbers Nizhynskyy 23 is characterized

by high commodity and total yield of fruits: 33.6 t/ha and 28.4 t/ha, respectively,

the predominant source grading 13.8 and 15.4 % respectively in the

commercialization of 84.5 and 83.3 %. The period from mass germination to

early fruition 45 days, the standard is 42 days. Fruiting period of new varieties is

56 days. The resistance against to pseudoperonospora of variety Nizhynskyy 23

is high – 7 points, at the level of the standard (in the original sort average

resistance – 5 points).

1. – The economic characteristics of varieties of cucumber Nizhynskyy 23 in

nursery of varietal competitive testing (average 2011-2013 years).

The indicators Dzherelo

(standard) Nizhynskyy 23

Yield, t/ha

total yield 29,5 33,6

SSD05 2,3

commodity 24,6 28,4

marketability, % 83,3 84,5

Quantity days of mass

germination to early fruiting 42 45

Fruiting period, days 52 56

Resistance against

pseudoperonospora, points 7 7

Tasting assessment

of fruits, ball

fresh

salt

4,6

4,7

4,9

5,0

The results of biochemical analysis of new varieties of fruits

Nizhynskyy 23: dry matter content of 4.92 %; total sugar 2.26 %; ascorbic

acid 13.29 mg/100 g; nitrate 40 mg/kg (data analysis laboratory of mass

analysis IVM of NAAS, Kharkiv).

Tasting fresh fruits rating – 4.9 points, salty – 5.0 points. New

varieties of pickles qualities at the level of local varieties Nizhynskyy 23

and proposed for implementation to complement the classic variety.

The economic effect of the introduction of new varieties of

production is 18 ths. uah/ha.

Quality offered grown in open ground under Steppes and Polesie of

Ukraine. Areas of implementation: agricultural enterprises of different

ownership and management, processing (canning) enterprises, the private

sector.

Conclusions. As a result of selective breeding for ES "Mayak" IVM

of NAAS created and transferred to the system of the State of varieties trials

variety of cucumber Nizhynskyy 23 with a fruiting duration 56 days period

from mass germination to early fruition 45 days, with a total yield of fruits

33.6 t/ha , marketable yield of 28.4 t/ha; dry matter content in the fruits of

4.92 %, ascorbic acid 13.29 mg/100 g, nitrate 40 mg/kg; fresh fruit tasting

score 4.90 points, salty – 5.0 points.

Bibliography.

1. Маmchur F. І. Ovochi I frukty v nashomu kharchuvanni /

F. I. Mamchur. – Uzhgorod : Каrpatu, 1988. – S. 35-40.

2. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi // [Zа

red. G. L. Boldarenka, К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Kh. : Оsnovа, 2001. – 369 s.

3. Metodyka provedennya ekspertyzy sortiv na vidmitnist,

odnoradnist ta stabilnist (VOS) (ovochevi, bashtanni kultury ta kartoplya) //

Okhorona prav na sorty roslyn: Ofits. byul. – К. : Аlefа, 2004. – Vyp. 1. –

Chast. 2. – 252 s.

4. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii I semenovodstvu

geterozisnukh gibridov ogurtsa // [Pod red. О. V. Yurinoy]. – М. :

VNIISSОК, 1985. – 56 s.

5. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po sozdaniyu sortov ogurtsa s

kompleksnoy ustoychivostyu k boleznyam. – М. : VNIISSОК, 1983. – 18 s.

6. Morfologichni oznaky silskogospodarskykh kultur dlya

vyznachennya vidmitnosti, odnoridnosti ta stabilnosti sortiv roslyn //

Okhorona prav na sorty roslyn: Ofits. byul. – К. : Аlefа, 2006. –

Vyp. 1. - Chast. 3. – 280 s.

7. Poznyak O. V. Konkurentozdatnyy sortyment ogirka posivnogo

selektsii Doslidnoi stantsii «Маyak» ІОB NAAN Ukrainy / О. V. Poznyak,

М. P. Petrenkо // Genetychni osnovy selektsii, nasinnytstva I

biotekhnologiy: nauka, osvita, praktyka : tezy mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf.,

prysvyach. 100-richchyu z dnya narodzhennya vydatnogo vchenogo,

selektsioneraа, zasluzhenogo pratsivnyka vyshchoi shkoly, doktorа s.-g.

nauk, profesora Zelenskogo Mykhayla Oleksiyovycha (21-24 travnya 2012

r., m. Kyiv). – К. : NUBiP, 2012. – S. 35-37.

8. Poznyak O. V. Selektsiya ogirka posivnogo na Doslidnoi stantsii

«Маyak» ІОB NAAN Ukrainy : dosyagnennya I perspektyvy /

О. V. Poznyak, М. P. Petrenko // Stan I perspektyvy formuvannya

sortovykh roslynnykh resursiv v Ukraini : tezy Pershoi mizhnar. nauk.-

prakt. konf., prysvyach. 10-y richnytsi vid Dnya utvorennya Ukrainskogo

instytutu ekspertyzy sortiv roslyn (11-13 lypnya 2012 r., m. Kyiv). –

Kamyanets-Podilskyy : PP «Меdobory-2006», 2012. – S. 145-147.

9. Poznyak O. V. Slavetnyy ogirok iz Nizhyna / О. V. Poznyak //

Nizhyn : Vydavets Lysenko М.М., 2013. – 96 S. + 8 іl.

10. Poznyak O. V. Stvorennya vykhidnykh form ogirka posivnogo:

zbagachennya genofondu і vykorystannya v selektsiynykh programakh /

О. V. Poznyak, М. P. Petrenko // Innovatsiyno-investytsiynyy rozvytok

roslynnytskoi galuzi – stan ta perspektyvy: tezy V mizhnar. nauk.-prakt.

konf. Molodykh vchenykh (4-6 lypnya 2012 r., m. Kharkiv,

ІR іm. V. Ya. Yureva NAAN). – Kh. : Маgdа LTD, 2012. – S. 66-67.

11. Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh I bashtannykh kultur //

[Za red. Т. К. Gorovoi і К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Kh., 2001. – 644 s.

В.Н. Несин, А.В. Позняк

Новый сорт огурца Нежинский 23.

Резюме. Изложены результаты селекционной работы по

созданию сорта огурца Нежинский 23, приведены морфолого-

биометрическая и хозяйственная характеристики нового сорта.

В.М. Несин, О.В. Позняк

Новий сорт огірка Hіжинський 23.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати селекційної роботи по

створенню сорту огірка Ніжинський 23, приведена морфолого-

біометрична та господарська характеристики нового сорту.


UDC: 635.25:631.82:631.53.04

А.V. Novikovа, Junior Sciences Researcher

Institute of Agriculture of the Northern East of NAAS

INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIME AND APPLICATION OF

FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF ONION BY WINTER

METHOD OF GROWING

The results have studies on the relationships of the elements of

performance technological methods of growing onion. Found that getting

yield at 25.0 t/ha provides the use of fertilizers by sowing seeds

N82P72K110 in I decade of August.

Keywords: onions, method of winter cultivation, fertilizer, date of

sowing.

Introduction. Today in Ukraine and the world is becoming popular

and is gaining widespread method of winter growing of onions as

commercial products obtained from spring cultivation method is

insufficient to meet the needs of consumers throughout the year. The main

advantage of this method is the possibility of obtaining fresh products

(goods onions) for six weeks before the production of the conventional

method of cultivation. It should be noted that winter onion plants tolerate

low temperatures, without snow – up to minus 15 °C and in the presence of

snow cover at least a few centimeters even lower [3, 5]. In good weather

conditions and the full complex of technological measures cultivation of 1

hectare can get 14-25 tons of bulbs [4].

In his writings, doctor of agricultural Science Z. D. Sych indicates

that winter crops of onions argoclimatic zones almost all areas of Ukraine,

except Polesie, because there is a risk soaking crops during the autumn

rains. The author recommends the very early product for use onion varieties

and hybrids, intended for autumn sowing. He argues that seeding for

"onion-snowdrops" is best done in July-August.

The aim of research Develop basic elements of technology growing

of onion (grade composition, fertilizer system, the timing of planting, using

rocker cultures) to get over early production in the North-Eastern of Forest

steppe of Ukraine [1, 2]. © Novikova А.V., 2014.

The method of researches. Research conducted in the fields of grain

and vegetable crop rotation at the Institute of Agriculture of the Northern

East of NAAS during 2012-2014 years. In conducting field experiments

area sown area was 10 m2, discount – 5 m

2 (onions on turnip). Repeated –

six times.

The scheme of the experiment consisted of planting seeds in two

periods (5 and 15 of August) on different backgrounds fertilization, without

fertilizer (control), N60P60K60, N82P72K110, processing stubble predecessor

destructor Fitontsyd-r + N60P60K60 + pre plant treatment of seeds by

Emistym C. Onions of varieties Tkachenkivska in rainfed conditions.

The results of researches. As a result of studies have found that

sowing and fertilizer partially norms affect biometric parameters of plant

onion cultivation method (Table 1). Thus, in the phase of 5-6 true leaves

plant height at sowing onion at 5 of August, depending on the rules

fertilizer was 36.2-42.6 cm, number of leaves per plant ranged between 4.4-

4.8 pieces, the total length of leaves – 146-263 cm. By sowing seeds at 15

of August biometric parameters were lower plants. Thus, depending on the

use of fertilizers plant height ranged 26.6-28.6 cm, number of leaves – 3.0-

4.0 pcs./plant, their total length – 69.2-87.4 cm.

Accordingly, are changes and lots of plants, leaves and bulbs. For

earlier sowing (5 of August), depending on fertilizing plants formed with a

mass 35.59-66.41 g, weight of leaves – 16.2-31.88 g, weight of bulbs –

13.14-42.13 h, by sowing seeds at 15 of August formed with a mass smaller

plants 23.71-38.14 g, leaf weight – 4.05-7.22 g and weight of bulbs –

19.66-30.95 h

Note that by sowing 5th of August most positive impact on the

growth and development of plants onion has N60P60K60 application

separately and in combination with N60P60K60 trim stubble predecessor

destructor Fitoncyd-r and seed treatment Emistym C. For the later sowing

the greatest impact on biometric parameters few plants use N82P72K110;

thus formed plants with a height of 28.4 cm total length sheets – 82.0 cm,

mass of plants – 38.14 g. But the use of a complex volatile Fitontsyd-r +

N60P60K60 + Emistym C boosted the number of leaves per plant

(4.0 pcs./plant), their total length (87.4 cm) and weight (7.22 g).

1. – Biometric performance of onion plants for cultivation in winter mode

phase of 3-5 true leaves (average for 2013-2014)

Weight, g

Variant of experiment Plant

height

Number

of

leaves

cm,

Total

length

of the

leaf,

cm

of

plant

of

leafs of bulbs

5 of August

N60P60K60 42,0 4,4 229,6 35,59 22,45 13,14

N82P75K110

36,2 4,6 145,6 58,33 16,20 42,13

Destructor of stubble

Fitontsydr+N60P60K60+Еmistym

С

42,6 4,8 263,4 66,41 31,88 34,53

15 of August

N60P60K60 28,0 3,0 69,2 23,71 4,05 19,66

N82P75K110

28,4 3,2 82,0 38,14 7,19 30,95

Destructor of stubble

Fitontsydr+N60P60K60+Еmistym

С

26,6 4,0 87,4 31,57 7,22 24,35

On average, two years of research, regardless of sowing seeds the

highest of yield of onion for its winter cultivation provides a dose of

fertilizer use N82P75K110 (Fig. 1). At the same time sowing seeds at 5 of

August yield of onion was 25.0 t/ha, sowing at 15 of August – 17.0 t/ha,

while the rest of fertilizer yield ranged between 9.7-11.8 t/ha.

Note also that the use of a complex destructor of stubble Fitoncyd-r

and Emistym C causes increase productivity of onion 1,0-2,1 t/ha

introducing only relatively fertilizers N60P60K60.

Conclusions. In rainfed conditions at the Northern-Eastern of Forest-

steppe of Ukraine harvesting of onion method of sowing on 5 of August

background making N82P72K110 gives a yield at 25.0 t/ha. Conducting

processing of stubble destructor-volatile production and processing of

seeds, the regulator Emistym C for background use N60P60K60 improves the

yield of onion on 10.0-20.4 %.

10,0 9,7

25,0

17,0

11,0 11,8

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

5 аugust 15 аugust

t/hа

N60P60K60 N82P75K110 Fitotsid-Р + N60P60K60 + Emistim С

SSD0,95 for 2013 – 0,84 t/hа, for 2014 – 1,17 t/hа Fig. 1. – Effect of sowing seeds and fertilizer application on yield of onion

of winter cultivation method (average 2013-2014 years)

Biblyography.

1. Sych Z. D. Surovaya zima ne pomekha dlya gibridov ozimogo luka

Ibis F1 I Imago F1 / Z. D. Sych // Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2010. – № 7. – S. 26-29.

2. Sych Z. D. Podzimnie I zimnie posevy – dopolnitelnyy put

polucheniya rannikh ovoshchey / Z. D. Sych // Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2007. –

№ 11. – S. 26-29

3. Usik G. Е. Osobennosti formirovaniya urozhaya repki pri

podzimnem poseve / G. E. Usik, S. И. Botsyy // Vestnik

selskokhozyaystvennoy nauki. – 1974. – № 12. – S. 20-24.

4. Felchinski К. Vyrashchivanie ozimogo luka / К. Felchinski //

Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2005. – № 9. – S. 42-43.

5. Salter P. J. Comparative studies of different production systems

for early crops of bulb onions / P. J. Salter // Rertic. Sc. – 1976. – V. 51. –

№ 3. – P. 329-339.

А.В. Новикова

Влияние сроков посева и применения удобрений на

урожайность лука репчатого при озимом способе выращивания.

Резюме. Приведены результаты исследований взаимосвязей

элементов продуктивности с технологическими приемами

выращивания лука репчатого озимого. Установлено, что получение

урожайности на уровне 25,0 т/га обеспечивает использование

удобрений N82P72K110 при посеве семян в I декаде августа.

А.В. Новікова

Вплив строків сівби та застосування добрив на урожайність

цибулі ріпчастої за озимого способу вирощування.

Резюме. Наведено результати досліджень стосовно

взаємозв’язків елементів продуктивності з технологічними прийомами

вирощування цибулі ріпчастої озимої. Встановлено, що отримання

урожайності на рівні 25,0 т/га забезпечує використання добрив

N82P72K110 за сівби насіння в І декаді серпня.


UDC: 635. 64:631. 528:632.

O.I. Оnishchenko, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences


N.V. Sotyk, Candidate of Agrarian Sciences

Institute of Horticulture of UAAN

S.S. Yaremenko, Junior Sciences Researcher


SUSCEPTIBILITY ALTERNARIA SOLANI (ELL. ET MART)

NEERG ON TOMATOES IN KIEV REGION

The results of researches of stability of selection standards of tomato

to the exciter of early dry spotted are expounded, lines to which the field

stability is incident relatively and which will be used in a selection process

at creation of hybrids and sorts are selected.

Keywords: tomato, pathogen, Alternaria, late blight, variety.

Introduction. A drastic change in climatic conditions of Ukraine

promotes intensive development and increased severity blight and late blight

on tomatoes. The disease is recognized early blight on tomatoes fungus genus

Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart) Neerg [1]. This pathogen is the most common

form of leaf blight on tomatoes but also causes disease and other plant organs:

cotyledons and true leaves, petioles, stems, and fruit.

Crop losses from the disease are 20-30 %, and 40-50 years of

epiphytotic [2]. On the development of early blight is largely affected by

weather conditions. Optimal conditions for the development of the

pathogen Alternaria temperature is 24-28 °C and the humidity in the range

of 70-100 %. During the growing period, the pathogen forms several

generations of conidia, which contributes to the rapid spread of the disease

[7]. Environmental classification of infectious diseases related to blight

aerogenic-certified (by V. A. Chulkina, 1991).

According E. A. Vlasova and other scholars (1979) pathogen weakly

affects low-yielding, sterile, medium and late-type samples with

indeterminate bush. In the context of Ukraine's genetic resistance to

Alternaria tomato poorly studied. This is explained by the fact that the © Оnishenko O.I., Shotik N.V., Yaremenko S.S., 2014.

disease in the territory of Ukraine, though it was the case, but did not cause

significant damage to tomato producers and little attracted the attention of

plant pathologists. Resistance to Alternaria is controlled by one pair of

genes with partial dominance of susceptibility. Resistant varieties are

against this pathogen to date virtually none.

The method of researches. The aim of our research was to study the

varieties of tomato in relation to late blight and Alternaria, to evaluate

samples in the field and highlight the relatively stable in order to use them

in the selection process. Studies carried out in conditions of the Kiev region

in the 2007-2013 years on the tomato plants in the field. The study involved

the varieties and hybrids of the collection, competitive, preliminary,

hybrids F1 and other nurseries. The main techniques that have been used in

our selection process were: the study sample selection on the main

economically valuable traits [4], the state variety trials [5], evaluation of

disease resistance [2]. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by

B. A. Dospekhov [3]. The evaluation for resistance breeding material was

carried out in the field under natural infection.

The results of researches. Over the period 2007-2013 years in the

field rated more than six thousand tomato varieties and hybrids of different

ecological and geographical origin in order to create a collection of sources

of resistance to Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart) Neerg and late blight.

During the period of research for seven years weather conditions for plant

growth and development and yield formation of tomato fruits were quite

colorful. [6] The studies breeding material for the resistance to Alternaria

was distributed in the following groups of samples: relatively stable (with

the degree of development of the disease up to 25 %) – accounted for 0.1 %

of the analyzed; weakly susceptible ( amount of disease from 25.1 % to

37.5 %) – 0.2 %; moderately susceptible (from 37.6 to 50.0 %) – 2.2 %;

susceptible ( from 50.1 to 75%) – 22.0 %; highly susceptible (from 75.1 %

or more) – 75.4 %. As seen from the above data evaluation of plant

susceptibility to the pathogen Alternaria resistant samples were found.

According to the results of phenological observations established that

marked varieties and hybrids are relatively stable and slightly susceptible to

Alternaria included in the group of early and medium ripe varieties during

their growing season ranges from 99-113 days, and yields were 50,2-

82,0 t\ha (Table 1).

The studies of late blight severity on 420 samples of tomato were

presented in Table 2. Already was established that Ph. infestans is consists

of two races T0 and T1, which are differentially responsive to the varieties

of tomatoes. To characterize the breeding material for resistance already

assessed to late blight in artificial lesions on detached leaf.

To study the nature of inheritance of resistance to the pathogen

Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart) Neerg and selection of resistant forms held a

series of crosses. Selected in the collection nursery relatively resistant varieties

were crossed with varieties evolved complex agronomic traits. In the studied

combinations of pathogen resistance is inherited as a dominant, intermediate or

recessive trait. Obtained a new source material is stable and low susceptibility

against Alternaria, which is the study in breeding nurseries.

Conclusions. In the 2007-2013 years is estimated more than 6000

varieties and hybrids for resistance to tomato blight under natural infection.

Resistant to the studied samples of tomato pathogen have been identified, but

the analysis has allowed prototypes split into groups and select the stability

tolerance, which can later be used in the selection process as donors.

Bibliography.

1. Gorovaya T. K. Sovremennye metody selektsii ovochnykh I

bakhchevykh kultur / T. K. Gorovaya, K. I. Yakovenko. – K. : Osnova,

2001. – S. 114-133.

2. Geneticheskie resursy I selektsiya rasteniy na ustoychivost k

boleznyam I abiotichekim faktoram. – Leningrad, 1981 – 231 s.


M . : Kolos, 1979. – 415 s.

4. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po izucheniyu I podderzhaniyu mirovoy

kollektsii. – Leningrad, 1988 – 39 s.

5. Metodika gosudarstvennogo sortoispytaniya

selskokhozyaystvennykh kultur. (Kartofel, ovoshchi I bakhchevye kultury).

– K., 2001. – 369 s.

6. Meteorologicheskie dannye meteoposta Kievskoy opytnoy stantsii

(2006-2012 gg.)

7. Raychuk T. M. Sukhaya pyatnistost tomatov / T. M. Raychuk,

V. G. Sergienko. – Karantin I zashchita. – 2004. – № 12. – S. 5-7.

1. – Economically valuable signs of the finest examples of tomato, evolved

on the basis of resistance to blight (average 2007-2013 years)

The yields

Name of varieties and

hybrids

The

developme

nt of the

disease,

%

t/ha ± to

St

Average

weight

of fruit,

g

The period

of

vegetation,

days

Lagidnyy-standard 32,0 6,9 85 107

Syayvo x Mykolka 28,0 7,4 0,5 95 110

Zakaznyy 280 x Boyan 23,0 7,5 0,6 115 104

Rio Fuego x Zoren 26,0 7,8 0,9 103 102

Mobil x Svitanok 27,0 6,6 -0,3 125 100

ВВ510 х Amiko 48,5 8,1 1,2 99 98

Ont 811 х Lagidnyy 44.5 8,3 1,4 85 106

Boyan х Morkovnyy 39,5 7,8 0,9 88 107

Zolotoe ryno х line 15 44,5 7,8 0,9 132 116

Iskorka х

Zakaznyy 280

31,0 6,9 - 144 114

Myrolyubovskiy 44,5 6,5 -0,4 136 115

Nema Mech х Danilo 43,5 6,8 0,1 105 114

Zakaznyy 280 х Dolya 27,0 8,1 1,2 77 111

Boyan х Svitanok 28,0 7,8 0,9 88 109

Uragan x

L. pimpenefolium

22,0 6,8 0,1 86 113

SSD0,5 0,4

2. – Rating sample studied tomato to major conditions of diseases in

Ukrainian (average 2007-2013 years)

Sensitive lines, pcs.

The degree of

resistance lines

The

development

of disease,%

early dry spot

(natural

conditions)

phytophthora

(infection)

Relatively stable <25 46 18

Weakly susceptible 25,1-37,5 57 27

Average susceptible 37,6-50,0 155 242

Susceptible 50,1-75,0 94 98

Strongly

susceptible 75,1 > 25 35

О.И. Онищенко, Н.В. Шотик, С.С. Яременко

Вредоносность к Alternaria solani (Ell et Mart) Neerg на томатах

в Киевской области.

Резюме. Изложены результаты исследований восприимчивости

селекционных образцов томата в отношении возбудителя

альтернариоза и фитофтороза, выделенные линии, которым

свойственна относительная полевая устойчивость, которые будут

использованы в селекционном процессе при создании новых сортов и

гибридов.

О.І. Онищенко, Н.В. Шотік, С.С. Яременко

Шкідливість до Alternaria solani (Ell et Mart) Neerg на томатах в

Київській області.

Резюме. Викладено результати досліджень сприйнятливості

селекційних зразків томата щодо збудника альтернаріозу і

фітофторозу, виділені лінії, яким властива відносна польова стійкість,

які будуть використані в селекційному процесі при створенні нових

сортів та гібридів.


UDC: 635.932:631.527

О.V. Poznyak, Junior Sciences Researcher,

L.V. Chaban, Sciences Researcher

Experimental Station «Mayak» ІVM of NAAS

ENRICHMENT DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED OF

ASSORTMENTS OF ARTEMISIA TARRAGON

Already deals with the results of breeding to create competitive

varieties of Artemisia tarragon Unenezh and Yanychar, which is

recommended for development of agro formations in all forms of ownership

and management and the private sector in the areas of the Forest-steppe

and Polesie of Ukraine.

Keywords: vegetable, selection, Artemisia tarragon, sort of.

Introduction. One of the problems of domestic vegetable assortment

policy is weak at home. Supply structure is represented mainly cultures of

"borsch set" (tomato – 21 %, cabbage – 17.9 %, onion – 10.4 %, table beet –

8.4 %, carrot – 8 %), while the production of vitamin products, including the

species range greens, salad, spicy taste cultures is extremely insufficient.

Their share in the total gross production is 6.2 % (for comparison – in some

European countries the figure ranges from 25 to 35 %) [4].

Thus, at the present stage of development of the agricultural sector

remains important task of improving the structure of cultivation and

consumption of vegetables by introducing a new culture of kinds of

vegetables, creating little common varieties of plant species for different

growing areas to expand the range of distribution and introduction

production [7]. By the spicy taste of plants, which is held breeding work at

the experimental station "Mayak" Institute of Vegetables and Melons of

NAAS belongs of Artemisia tarragon [8]. The need for this type of

involvement in the selection process due to at least two reasons: the need to

create local varieties of Artemisia tarragon that are suitable for eating fresh

(green products) and updating and expanding the assortment to obtain high

quality raw material in the context of spicy cucumber production revival for © Poznyak O.V, Chaban L.V., 2014.

pickles based on the classic varieties of cucumber Nizhynskyy mistsevyy

and newest assortment of sort types (in this direction on ES "Mayak" IVM

of NAAS where the extensive research).

The assortment of Artemisia tarragon of domestic selection is

limited: the State register of plant varieties that are suitable for distribution

in Ukraine as of 08.14.2013 year was made only two varieties – Smaragd

and Travnevyy (both are breeding at Nikita Botanical Gardens of NAAS

were made to register in 2004) [2]. The varieties of Artemisia tarragon

foreign breeding in Ukraine is not a registered one. Ukraine has grown

mostly local populations and assortment of foreign origin, which is grown

from seed. Intensive importation it seeds to note the market over the past

decade (including illegally as individuals and commercial firms). By the

90-s of the twentieth century in Chernihiv region for the canning industry,

particularly in Nezhyn palm area was zoned sort of Artemisia tarragon

Grybovskyy selection of VNDISNOK (Moscow) [9], so the region is

widespread population of tarragon, starting form which is precisely this

sort. However, due to lack of work on primary and reproductive seed of the

variety, there is every reason to say: local material supported population

loses inherent in the original class agronomic characteristics, is

heterogeneous and degenerating/turns wild.

Artemisia tarragon or tarkhun (Artemisia dracunculus L.) is a

perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Asteraceae). Synonymous species

name "tarragon" with registration forms submitted to the system of the

varieties tested in the registration of the variety and the rights to it was

removed in 2013. For food use young people are not stiff herbaceous

shoots and leaves. Specific slightly spicy aroma and pungent spicy piquant

pungent taste of the plant has provided essential oils, which include

estrahol and terpenes. The greatest number of essential oils contained in the

tips of shoots during flowering. Tarhun leaves are rich in vitamins,

particularly contain carotene, ascorbic acid, rutin, and biologically active

substances – alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarin and more.

In cooking, young green of Artemisia tarragon used in salads, as seasoning

for meat and fish dishes, added to soups, sauces, flavored sandwiches. Shoots in

technical maturity (more mature, stiff) is indispensable spice in pickling

vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes and zucchini), mushrooms, fermented cabbage,

cooking marinades. Substances contained in the leaves, inhibit the growth of

lactic acid bacteria. When using spices stored color products, improves the taste

and aroma of vegetables. Consumption of Artemisia tarragon promotes the

formation of gastric juice, improves sleep, improves appetite and normalizes the

function of the endocrine glands. In folk medicine, herb use as anthelmintic,

edema, to prevent scurvy, treatment of edema, skin care neck. The plant

eliminates bitter medicine [1, 3, 5].

The method of researches: of Artemisia tarragon create varieties of

high productivity, frost, high coefficient of vegetative propagation, flavoring

and aromatic qualities to be adapted to the growing conditions in the areas of

the Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine.

The results of researches. The object of research: selection of Artemisia

tarragon. Subject of research: collectible varieties samples (clones), population

and selection (generative seed) material of Artemisia tarragon. Breeding work

conducted on the experimental field research station "Mayak" IVM of NAAS

village Baklanove in Nizhun district, Chernihiv region in accordance with

generally accepted methodological recommendations based on the biological

characteristics of the type [6, 11]. In breeding perennial spicy flavor vegetables,

including of Artemisia tarragon, various methods are effective of clonally

selection of local population or introduced from other parts of the source

material. Evaluation of morphological characters held by the method of

examination for diversity, uniformity and stability (DUS) of State service of

protection plant of varieties of Ukraine [10].

The results of researches. As a result of breeding work at the

experimental station "Mayak" IVM of NAAS there were two varieties

Unenezh and Yanechar of Artemisia tarragon, which are submitted to the

scientific and technical expertise in the expert institutions of the State

veterinary and phytosanitary service of Ukraine in 2013. When creating

varieties were used methods of clonal selection of population material

originating from different regions of Ukraine.

Growing and evaluating individual progenies performed with

increased feeding area (planted under the scheme 70x70 cm), which made

it possible to clone the first year of vegetation to fully realize the potential

performance show morphological identification characteristics of selected

families clones, respectively conduct more thorough selection of clones

performance metrics and homogeneity.

Special attention when assessing vegetative progeny in the areas of

the Northern Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine paid evaluating clones of

each family that has been selected for hardiness for at least 2 years in

contrast wintering conditions (lack of snow for a long time, the presence of

long periods of temperatures below -20 0C, frequent thaws causing

appearance of "windows" in the snow cover in winter and early spring

periods, lower temperature in the second-third decade of March to -10 °C

and below, the appearance of ice cover, etc.). When wintering in more stable

conditions and for the evaluation of clones selected from the source material

originating in the southern regions, as well as evaluating seedling

propagation by seed (generative offspring), the period for assessment

hardiness extended to 3 years.

For varieties (populations of clones) that form seeds in a Northern

Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine (annually, in some years, very rare),

decisions about how to breeding promising forms – only vegetative, vegetative

and by seed (generative), mainly seeds, generative only for breeding purposes)

took evaluation progeny derived from seeds, in terms of uniformity and

stability morphological identification signs.

The variety Unenezh of Artemisia tarragon was created by clonal

selection from ekoform – local populations originating from in Chernihiv

region.

The plant habit is compact for height 150 cm (height in the phase of

technical maturity of 45 cm), the average number of generative stems. Type

of branching is more than three shoots. The stem is thick, in the phase of

technical maturity – the average diameter of 0.5 cm; greenish-brown color

with a display of anthocyanins. The shoots of the first order is of medium

length, shoots the second order – there, are third – no. The plant is strongly

leafy. The leaves on the shoots are sessile, without stalks, isolated, placed

alternately; in shape leaf blade narrowly lancelet, bluish color; leaf blade

length 10 cm, width 1 cm. The shape of leaf bases are wedge shaped plate,

no pubescence. The inflorescence is a moderate density. The flower is

yellow. A seed in a Northern Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine is not

formed, propagated only vegetative.

Yield of green mass in the phase of technical maturity (up woodiness

shoots) is 36.0 t/ha, including the first collection of 21.8 t/ha; mass of green

mass of one per meter 1260 g; is recommended to cut by two.

According to biochemical analysis already conducted in an accredited

laboratory of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS, in the green

mass (not stiff riding of shoots) the variety Unenezh a phase of regrowth of

green weight after the first cut contained: 38.42 % dry matter, total sugar

1.24 %, ascorbic acid 19.95 mg/100 g, nitrate 801 mg/kg (at the maximum

allowable concentration of 2000 mg/kg).

The variety Unenezh of Artemisia tarragon ensure economic efficiency

in growing green weight compared with the local population 19,060 uah/ha,

which suggests appropriate introduction of new varieties in production.

Variety Yanychar of Artemisia tarragon were obtained by clonal

selection of introduced ecoform – local populations originating from

Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

The plant habit is compact for height 100 cm (height in the phase of

technical maturity of 50 cm), with lots of generative stems – the second year

of vegetation over 70. Type branching is more than three shoots. The stem is

of medium thickness, in the phase of technical maturity – thin, with a diameter

of 0.4 cm; light green color without showing anthocyanins. The shoots of the

first order is isolated, placed alternately; in shape leaf blade narrowly

lanceolate, green color of moderate intensity; leaf blade length 10.5 cm, width

1 cm. Shape of leaf blade based is narrowed, no pubescence. The

inflorescence is not tight. The flower is a yellow-red color. Seeds in a

Northern Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine formed in some years, mainly

vegetative propagated recommended method.

Yield of green mass in the phase of technical maturity (up woodiness

shoots) is 44.0 t/ha, including the first collection of 18 t/ha; mass of green

mass of one per meter 1530 g; is recommended to cut by three.

According to biochemical analysis, which was performed in

accredited laboratory in the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS,

in the green mass (not stiff riding shoots) of variety Yanychar in phase of

regrowth of green weight after the first cut contained: 31.51 % dry matter,

total sugar 0.76 %, ascorbic acid 21.0 mg/100 g, nitrate 994 mg/kg (at MPC

2000 mg/kg).

A new variety Janissaries of Artemisia tarragon ensure economic

efficiency in growing green weight compared with the local population of

35900 uah/ha, so the introduction of new varieties in production is

appropriate.

Varieties Unenezh and Yanychar of Artemisia tarragon are

recommended for implementation in agro formations of all forms of

ownership and management and the private sector in the areas of the

Forest-steppe and Polesie of Ukraine in an open and secure (distillation of

green mass of roots in the off-season period) soil; is suitable for eating

fresh (green products) and used as a spice in canning and pickling

vegetables.

Conclusions. As a result of breeding work at the experimental station

"Mayak" IVM of NAAS was created and passed to a system of state testing

two varieties Unenezh and Yanychar of Artemisia tarragon: who are

competitive, designed to update the assortment of native species and

recommended for development of agro formations in all forms ownership

and management and the private sector in the areas of the Forest-steppe and

Polesie of Ukraine.

Bibliography.

1. Volodarska А. Т. Vitaminy na gryadtsi / А. Т. Volodarskа,

М. О. Sklyarevskyy. – К. : Urozhay, 1989. – S. 95-98.

2. Derzhavnyy reestr sortiv roslyn prydatnykh do poshyrennya v

Ukraini u 2013 rotsі (stanom na 14.08.2013 r.). – К. : Derzhvetfitosluzhbа,

2013. – S. 418 / [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu :

http://vet.gov.ua/sites/default/files/ReestrEU-2013-12-7_full.pdf.

3. Dudchenko L. G. Pryano-aromaticheskie i pryano-vkusovye

rasteniya / Dudchenkoо L. G., Kozyakov А. S., Kryvenkoо V. V. – К. :

Naukova dumka, 1989. – S. 189-190.

4. Kornienko S.. І. Ovochevyy rynok : realii ta naukovi perspektyvy /

S. І. Коrnienkо // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo: mizhvid. temat. nauk.

zb-k. – Kh. : Pleyadа, 2013. – Vyp. 59. – S. 7-22.

5. Mashanov V. I. Pryano-aromaticheskie rasteniya / V. I. Mashanov,

А. А. Pokrovskyy. – М. : Agropromizdat, 1991. – S. 89-92.

6. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi // [Zа

red. G. L. Bondarenka і К. І. Ykovenkа]. – Kh. : Оsnovа, 2001. – 369 s.

7. Poznyak O. V. Selektsiyno-metodologichni rozrobky yak osnova

zbilshennya asortymentu maloposhyrenykh vydiv ovochevykh roslyn v

Ukraini / О. V. Poznyak // Osnovy biologichnogo roslynnytstva v

suchasnomu zemlerobstvi: materialy mizhnar. nauk. konf. (21-22 chervnya

2011 r.), Uman / Zb-k nauk. prats Umanskogo nats. un-tu sadivnytstva. –

Uman : Umanske komunalne vydavnycho-poligrafichne pidpryemstvo

Cherkaskoi obl. rady, 2011. – S. 182-187.

8. Poznyak О. Zrealizovanist selektsiynykh program u konteksti

rozshyrennya vydovogo ta sortovogo riznomanittya pryano-smakovykh

ovochevykh kultur (na prykladi polynu estragonu) / О. Poznyak //

Formuvannya strategii naukovo-tekhnichnogo, ekologichnogo I sotsialno-

ekonomichnogo rozvytku suspilstva : materialy ІІ mizhnar. nauk.-prakt.

internet-konf. (5-6 grudnya 2013 r.), ternopilska DSDS ІКSGP NAAN, m.

Теrnopil. – Теrnopil : Кrok, 2013. – S. 34-36.

9. Rayonovani sorty silskogospodarskykh kultur po Ukrainskiy RSR na

1990 rik / [Vidp. za vypusk V. V. Volkodav]. – К. : Urozhay, 1989. – S. 112.

10. Rakhmetov D. B. Metodyka provedennya ekspertyzy sortiv

polyny estragonu (Artemisia dracunculus L.) na vidmitnist, odnoridnist I

stabilnist / [Rakhmetov D. B., Коrablovа О. А., Kharaim N. N.,

Nevkryta N. V.]. – 10 s. // [Elektronnyy resurs]. – tochka dostupu. –

http://sops.gov.ua/uploads/files/documents/Metodiki/ 132.pdf.

11. Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh I bashtannykh kultur //

[Za red. Т. К. Gorovoi і К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Kh., 2001. – 644 s.

А.В. Позняк, Л.В. Чабан

Обогащение отечественного сортимента полыни эстрагона.

Резюме. Представлены результаты селекционной работы по

созданию конкурентоспособных сортов полыни эстрагона Унэнэж и

Янычар, которые рекомендованы к внедрению в агроформированиях

всех форм собственности и хозяйствования и в частном секторе в

зонах Лесостепи и Полесья Украины.

О.В. Позняк, Л.В. Чабан

Збагачення вітчизняного сортименту полину естрагону.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати селекційної роботи по

створенню конкурентоздатних сортів полину естрагону Уненеж і

Яничар, які рекомендовані до освоєння в агроформуваннях усіх форм

власності і господарювання та у приватному секторі в зонах Лісостепу

і Полісся України.


UDC: 635.356-156:632.953

L.М. Puzik, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,

V.А. Bondarenko, Lecturer

Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev

APPLICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES DURING

CABBAGE BROCCOLI STORAGE

In the article the means of post-harvesting cabbage broccoli processing

with antimicrobial substances such as solutions of lemon, sorbic, benzoic acids

and ascorutinum is suggested. It is determined that processing with 0.05 %

solution of sorbic acid and with 0,2 % solution of benzoic acid enables to

prolong the storage period of cabbage broccoli heads to 5-10 days, while

processing with ascorutinum solution – to 10-15 days.

Keywords: cabbage broccoli, antimicrobial substances, storage.

Introduction. After harvesting cabbage at the farms, it is carried

from the field to the storehouse, where the amount of products necessary

for delivery to its destination place in accordance with the signed contracts

is concentrated throughout the day. It may be a cannery, a fruit and

vegetable storehouse, a shop, a market place etc. If too large amount of

cabbage is delivered to the cannery, it may not be processed at once, so part

of it is waiting to be processed, at the best, under the canopy, but more

often – in the open area. In the same way products are kept at the market

until they are sold. Daytime air temperature during the hottest summer days

usually ranges from 25 to 30 °С and nobody can guarantee that cabbage

will be processed or sold the day it’s been delivered.

In case of product delivery to the fruit and vegetable storehouses, it

gets into better conditions. Thus, fruits and vegetables which are stored up

in large amounts (that why they are kept at economic storage temperature

regime of 10-12 °С), are loaded into one camera with various fruit and

vegetable products, gradually being sold through the sale chains.

Specializes shops, supermarkets, as a rule, have small refrigerating

chambers, in which temperature is kept within 0-1 °С, that is optimal for

cabbage vegetables. Products, stored there, are gradually sold.

Therefore, in conditions of mass storage of vegetables at the stock © Puzik L.М., Bondarenko V.А., 2014.

places it is essential to prolong the storage period due to deceleration in

products of both microorganisms’ development, and oxidizing and

hydrolytic processes. Chemical substances including antiseptics,

fungicides, bio preparations, membrane-forming coating, and antioxidants

may play such a role. Antiseptic substances influence the development of

microbiological disease agent [1, 2]. Herewith, the development of all

groups of microorganisms, causing fruit and vegetable products’ spoiling –

rotten bacteria, molds, and to some extent, yeast, is suppressed. By the

content, chemical antiseptic substances are mostly acids. For processing of

fruit and vegetable products it is advisable to use propanoic and jasmonic

acids [3-7], J. Adams, F. Meczrjwski [8] – acetic and phosphoric acids, B.J.

Roselle, T.E. Ward, D.K. Rollins – poly carbon acids and ethanol [9],

sulfurous acid [1] which is blocking active groups of oxide-restoring

enzymes of microorganisms and causes structural changes in the

cytoplasm, and consequently, they are dying.

Up-to-date world trends in food industry promote attempts in

application of sorbic, benzoic acids as well as their salts, lemon acid. These

acids are rather elaborately characterized in works of Е. Liuk and М. Yager

[10].

The aim of research. The aim of the research work was to study the

influence of lemon, sorbic, benzoic acids as well as ascorutinum on the

storage period of cabbage broccoli heads.

The method of researches. The research was conducted in 2011-2013

years at the Horticulture and Storage Department of KNAU named after

V.V. Dokuchaev. Object of the research is the process of keeping trade

quality of cabbage broccoli in conditions of post-harvesting processing

with antimicrobial substances. Subject of the research – cabbage broccoli

heads of Ironman F1, Agasi F1, Bomont F1 hybrids, grown on the university

experimental field.

Cabbage was stored in refrigerating chamber with the temperature

0 ± 1 оС and relative air humidity 90-95 %. After previous cooling, cabbage

heads were processed with 0,5 % solution of lemon acid, ascorutinum,

0,2 % solution of benzoic and 0,05 % solution of sorbic acids. After

cabbage was exposed to wind and the remains of solution were removed, it

was packed. Simultaneously, cabbage was put for storage without being

processed in boxes, which were spread and covered with polyethylene film

(control). Repetition – three times. Trade evaluation of cabbage was

conducted due to RST USSR 1483-89 “Fresh cabbage broccoli. The

technical conditions”. The criterion of taking products off storage is losing

weight by no more than 10 % and damage by microorganisms up to 10 %.

The results of researches. It is proved by the research that minimally

efficient concentrations of substances with antimicrobial characteristics

recommended in literature, [10] influence the storage of cabbage broccoli

positively. Duration of storage is prolonged by 5-15 days depending on

hybrid peculiarities (Table 1).

1. – Storage of cabbage broccoli in dependence on its processing with

antimicrobial substances, %

Variant of

experiment

Storage

term, days

Pest

damage, %

Losing

weight,

%

Product output,

%

Ironman F1

1 v 20-25 7,6-9,2 3,4-4,9 86,2-89,0

2 v 30 9,8 3,8 86,4

3 v 20-25 4,2-8,8 1,4-2,4 89,0-93,4

4 v 20-25 2,8-5,7 1,9-2,7 91,7-94,5

5 v 35-40 6,6-10,5 3,3-4,2 86,2-89,2

Agasi F1

1 v 15-20 5,3-7,1 3,2-4,7 89,2-90,0

2 v 25-30 9,7-16,4 3,4-4,8 80,2-85,5

3 v 20-25 11,1-17,5 2,1-3,3 79,2-86,8

4 v 20-25 10,2-15,1 2,2-3,5 81,4-87,6

5 v 30-40 5,6-12,8 3,6-5,2 83,6-90,3

Bomont F1

1 v 25-30 4,9-16,2 3,6-4,8 79,1-91,5

2 v 30 8,0 2,8 89,2

3 v 25-30 4,4-10,5 1,3-2,1 88,2-93,5

4 v 25-30 2,9-8,1 1,7-2,4 90,2-94,7

5 v 35-40 5,8-8,0 2,5-3,4 89,5-91,4

Note: 1 v – Unprocessed cabbage (control), processed with solution

of acid: 2 v. – lemon, 3 v. – sorbic, 4 v. – benzoic; 5. v. – with ascorutinum.

It is determined that processing cabbage with solution of sorbic acid

had more influence on losing cabbage mass, which was 1,4-2,4 % for 20-25

days of Ironman F1 hybrid, and 1,3-2,1 for 25-30 days of storage of

Bomont F1. Processing with benzoic acid increased mass loss

insignificantly, which ranged from 1.7 to 3.5 %, depending on hybrid

peculiarities. Larger losses of cabbage mass during its storage were

observed while processing with solutions of lemon acid and ascorutinum,

and amounted 2.5–5.2 %. Processing of cabbage with antimicrobial

substances reduced damage caused by diseases and increased storage life of

cabbage broccoli heads. Processing with ascorutinum had significant

influence. In conditions of processing with sorbic and benzoic acids the

output of products of hybrid Ironman F1 became higher: 93.4-94.5 % after

25 days of storage and 93.5-94.7 % after 30 days of storage of Beaumont

F1. It is determined by dispersive analysis that the output of standard

cabbage broccoli products 10% depends on its post-harvesting processing

with antimicrobial substances. Peculiarity of a hybrid makes up 2%, other

factors (weather conditions during vegetation period, elements of agro

techniques, storage conditions) – 23 % (Fig. 1).

2%

особливість

гібриду

23% інші

фактори

65%

взаємодія

факторів

10%

обробка

речовинами

Fig. 1. Share of factors’ influence on storage of cabbage broccoli

The hybrid Agasi F1 turned out to be less sensitive to the influence of

antimicrobial substances in comparison with other hybrids. In all variants

of the experiment, with the same storage time, losses from damage caused

by microorganisms exceeded almost twice and even more.

processing with

substances

interrelation

of factors

23 % other

factors

2%

peculiarity

of a hybrid

Conclusions. The research proved the effective influence of post-

harvesting cabbage broccoli processing with antimicrobial substances at the

lowered storage temperature on its storage life. Duration of cabbage storage

increased by 1.6-1.8 times and reached 30-40 days, depending on hybrid

peculiarities and antimicrobial substance. Share of standard products

increased by 3.5-5.5 %. At the same time, output of standard products

amounted 80.2-89.2 % (hybrid Bomont F1 – 89.2 %) while processing

cabbage with solution of lemon acid. Processing cabbage heads with

solutions of antiseptics 0.05 % with sorbic and 0.2 % with benzoic acids

increased the output of standard products to 94.7 %, whereas by hybrid

Agasi F1, it reduced to 79.2-87.6 % in conditions of processing with

ascorutinum the output of marketable products amounted 83.6-91.4 %

depending on the hybrid.

Results of the research give the basis for recommendation to store

cabbage broccoli hybrids Ironman F1 and Bomont F1 in refrigerators, as

well as for its post-harvesting processing with 0.5 % solution of lemon acid

and ascorutinum.

Bibliography.

1. Kudryashov A. A. Mikrobiologicheskie osnovyi sohraneniya

plodov i ovoschey / A. A. Kudryashov. M. : Agropromizdat. 1986. – 190 s.

2. Novobranova T. I. Razrabotka mer borbyi s gribnyimi boleznyami

plodov pri hranenii / T. I. Novobranova, R. F. Telegina // Trudyi

VASHNIIL. – M. : Kolos, 1979. – S. 284-291.

3. Pat. 2127968 Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, MPK6 A 01 F 25/00.

Sposob obrabotki rastenievodcheskoy produktsii pered zakladkoy na

hranenie / O. I. Kvasenkov, A. I. Kulnev ; zayavitel i patentoobladatel Inzh.

– marketing. firma Bioteks-Senris Ltd. – № 97118389/13; zayavl. 05.11.97;

opubl. 27.03.99, Byul. № 9.

4. Pat. 2195828 Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, MPK7 A 23 V 7/05.

Sposob proizvodstva zapasov iz sochnogo rastitelnogo syirya

/ O. I. Kvasenkov ; zayavitel i patentoobladatel Kuban. gos. tehnol. un-t. –

№ 2001112014/13 ; zayavl. 07.05.01 ; opubl. 10.01.03.


Sposob zagotovki rastitelnogo syirya / O. I. Kvasenkov; zayavitel i

patentoobladatel VNII konservyi. i ovoschesush. prom – ti. – №

2001112560/13 ; zayavl. 07.05.01; opubl. 10.01.03.


Sposob hraneniya plodov i ovoschey / Yu. F. Roslyakov, O. I. Kvasenkov ;

zayavitel i patentoobladatel Kuban. gos. tehnol. un-t. – № 97117691/13;

zayavl. 27.10.97 ; opubl. 27.11.98. Byul. № 33.

7. Pat. 2120207 Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, MPK6 A 01 F 25/00.

Sposob podgotovki plodov i ovoschey k hraneniyu / Yu. F. Roslyakov,

O. I. Kvasenkov; zayavitel i patentoobladatel Kuban. gos. tehnol. un-t. – №

97118001/13 ; zayavl. 27.10.97 ; opubl. 20.10.98. Byul. № 33

8. Pat. 5151286 SShA, MKI 5 A 23 V 7/10. Process for packing

acidified fruits and vegetable / J. Adams, F. Meczkowski; Campbell Soup

Co. – № 675164; zayavl. 26.03.91 ; opubl. 29.09.92, NKI 426/324.

9.Pat. 5151286 SShA, MPK 7 A 23 V 7/154. Microorganism

reduction methods and compositions for food / B. J. Roselle, T. E. Ward,

D. K. Rollins; The Procter and Gamble Co. – №831778/09; zayavl.

1211.99 ; opubl. 10.08.04, NPK 426/335.

10 Lyuk E. Konservantyi v pischevoy promyishlennosti. Svoystva i

primenenie. / E. Lyuk, M. Yager. – S.-P. : GIOR, 2000. – 255 s.

Л.М. Пузик, В.А. Бондаренко

Применение антимикробных веществ при хранении капусты

брокколи.

Резюме. В статье предложен способ послеуборочной обработки

капусты брокколи веществами антимикробного действия: растворами

лимонной, сорбиновой, бензойной кислот и аскорутина. Установлено,

что обработка 0,05 % раствором сорбиновой и 0,2 % раствором

бензойной кислот позволяет продлить срок хранения головок капусты

брокколи на 5-10 дней, а обработка раствором аскорутина на 10-15 дней.

Л.М. Пузік., В.А. Бондаренко

Застосування антимікробних речовин під час зберігання капусти

броколі.

Резюме. У статті запропонований спосіб післязбиральної

обробки капусти броколі речовинами антимікробної дії: розчинами

лимонної, сорбінової, бензойної кислот та аскорутину. Встановлено,

що обробка 0,05 % розчином сорбінової та 0,2 % розчином бензойної

кислот дозволяє подовжити строк зберігання головок капусти броколі

на 5-10 діб, а обробка розчином аскорутину – на 10-15 діб.


UDC: 635.63:631.527

О.V. Sergienkо, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

L.D. Solodovnyk, L.О. Radchenkо, Junior Sciences Researcher


PERSPECTIVE LINE OF CUCUMBER CORNICHONS TYPE

FOR HETEROSIS BREEDING CONDITIONS OF OPEN FIELD

Was covered the results of the assessment of parental lines of

cucumber gherkin type on the main agronomic characteristics to create

competitive heterosis hybrids for conditions of open ground.

Keywords: cucumber, line, early maturity, yield, marketability,

sustainability.

Introduction. Few vegetables are in Ukraine on many popular, like

cucumbers [1, 2]. In the open field grown short fruitful for pickles (large

tubercles, black thorn), salad, pickle (white thorn, small- or large tubercles,

without bitterness) and universal (large tubercles, black thorn, without

bitterness) type designation cucumbers. The best will always be considered

with cucumber open ground of universal significance that can

simultaneously use fresh, salting and pickling to [3, 4].

Leading position in the ranking varietal cucumber bee pollinate take

gherkins beam. Their main advantages are many and fruits ovary, small

fruits, gherkins pickles high quality, high yield. The nodes gherkins beam is

formed by an average of 2-3 to 5-8 or more ovaries. At one plant can grow

to 400-500 or more ovaries [5].

Currently, the market of Ukraine received foreign breeding hybrids

that draw appearance, most advanced foreign multifloral hybrids (2 to 5

flowers in the node). However, these hybrids do not fully meet the

requirements of Ukrainian consumers (not suitable for pickles, long fruitful,

with a simple pubescence, their fruit has a rough texture of the skin and

pulp, etc.). Therefore, an important issue is the establishment of hybrid

gherkin type: mature early (38-45 days), number of fruits in the node more

© Sergienkо О.V., Solodovnyk L.D., Radchenko L.О., 2014.

than 3, length 8-10cm fruit, pubescent complex large tubercles, leaves

green or dark green, thick fruit peel is thin or moderate resistant to downy

mildew and bacteriosis, hynoetsyoses high that requires parental valuable

source material forms that are consistent with the objectives of heterosis

breeding.

The aim of research: create of hynoetsyoses lines of cucumber

gherkin type for use in heterosis breeding of hybrids to create competitive

conditions for open soil.

The method of researches. Research conducted during the 2012-

2013 years at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS. The bases

for the creation of original material are varieties and hybrids of domestic

and foreign selection and proper breeding material. Breeding work carried

out in accordance with generally accepted methods [6, 7, 8]. Testing of new

genotypes was performed according to the methods of state testing crops

[9]. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance for

B. A. Dospekhov (1985) [10].

The results of researches. Research work was conducted in the

creation of new generations of paternal gherkin type: early mature, female

and predominantly female flowering type, with high marketability of fruit,

plastic to growing conditions, relatively resistant to bacteriosis and downy

mildew with further use when creating new competitive hybrids cucumber

which are suitable for recycling.

The results of the assessment was conducted 7 lines compared with

varieties-standard Dzherelo (Ukraine), which is marked with high fruit

quality characteristics to pickles. Following the evaluation by the complex

agronomic indicators were allocated a number of lines to be used in

heterosis breeding characteristics are given in Table 1.

From the analysis of the data table, it was determined those in terms

of total and marketable yield, distinguished line: F7І3 G 57/718-11

(20.8 t/ha) and F8I6P 57/745-11 (22.5 t/ha), which significantly exceeded

the standard variety Dzherelo on this basis. At the level of the standard, the

yield was line F6I2 R D 96/2-95. Marketability highest (92 %) was recorded

F9I7A line L2 and F8I5B1802. The lowest yield (11.2 t/ha), marketability

(71 %) and fruit weight (37 g) was F7I4CHP line. Marketability other

samples was 80-82 %. By early ripeness evolved line F7І3 G 57/718-11,

which for the first decade of fruiting provided yield 10.4 t/ha, accounting

for 50 % of the total yield that determines its value as a component of

improving early maturity in hybridization. The average weight of

marketable fruit in these samples ranged from 46-56 g.

Determined that all samples are early ripe (from mass germination

to first collect 37-42 days) and were morphologically aligned with the

attractive appearance of fruits with high taste (4.7-5.0 points).

1. – Characterization of samples cucumber of gherkin type for

agronomic characteristics (average 2012-2013 years)

The yield

total marketa-

bility

The total

yield for the

first decade

of fruiting Name of

sample

t/hа

%

for

St

t/hа

%

for

St

Marketa-

bility, %

t/hа

%

for

St

The

average

weight

of the

fruit, g

Dzherelо

St 18,7 100 16,1 100 86 4,9 100 58

F7I4CHP 11,2 60 7,9 49 71 5,4 110 37

F7І3 G

57/718-11 20,8 111 16,7 104 80 10,4 212 52

F6I2 R D

96/2-95 17,4 93 14,3 89 82 5,8 119 50

F9I7А L2 16,6 89 15,2 95 92 5,1 104 52

F8I5B1802 16,7 89 15,3 95 92 4,8 98 49

F9I5Fan 15,5 83 12,7 79 82 4,0 82 46

F8I6P

57/745-11 22,5 120 18,4 114 82 4,7 96 56

SSD05

2012 3,2 4,2 3,6

SSD05

2013 1,4 2,9 1,6

Weather conditions during the growing season of cucumber were

unfavorable for growth and development. This has a negative impact on

productivity and reduced fruit of fruiting period to 23-27 days.

On average for the years of research on complex agronomic traits

evolved three relatively stable (5, 7 points) line gherkin type: F7І3 G

57/718-11, F8I6P 57/718-11 and F6I2 R D 96 2-95 are recommended for use

of heterosis breeding to create new competitive hybrids of cucumber.

Here show characterization of these lines:

The line F7І3 G 57/718-11 – early ripe (the first 40 days of collection).

The total yield is 20.8 t/ha, heading 16.7 t/ha, in the first decade of fruiting 10.4

t/ha. Marketability is 80 %. In terms of overall yield line had excess over the

standard variety Dzherelo 11 %, commodity – 4 %, for the first ten days of

fruiting – 112 %. The content of soluble dry matter 4.1 %, total sugar 1.13 %.

Resistant are to downy mildew and bacteriosis (5 points on a CMEA scale).

Tasting fresh fruits rating is 4.5 points. Taste good (5 points). The plant is

predominantly female flowering type, with a bouquet female flower – three in

the node. The fruit is green cylindrical, short prolific (7 cm). The surface of the

fruit is large tubercles, complex white pubescence. The average weight of

marketable fruit is 52 g. Line characterized by female type of flowering

combined with marker signs: white spikes and lemon-yellow – mother plants

(rrC-) and complex agronomic traits.

The line F8І6 P 57/745-11 – early ripe (the first 42 days of

collection). The total yield is 22.5 t/ha, heading 18.4 t/ha in the first decade

of fruiting 4.7 t/ha. Marketability is 82 %. In terms of overall yield line has

exceeded over the standard variety Dzherelo 20 %, commodity – by 14 %.

During the first decade of fruiting line was at the standard. Resistant is to

downy mildew and bacteriosis (7 points on a CMEA scale). Tasting fresh

fruits rating is 4.8 points. Taste is excellent (5 points). The plant is

predominantly female flowering type, with a bunch of female flowers –

three in the node. Fruit is cylindrical, short prolific (8-9 cm). The surfaces

of the fruit with large tubercles, hairs are difficult black. The average

weight of marketable fruit is 56 g.

The line F6І2 R D 96 2-95 – early ripe (the first collection 41 days). The

total yield is 17.4 t/ha, heading 14.3 t/ha in the first decade of fruiting 4.8 t/ha.

Marketability is 82 %. For yield is than standard variety Dzherelo. Soluble dry

matter content is 4.5 %, total sugar 1.75. Relatively is stable against downy

mildew and bacteriosis (5 points on a CMEA scale). Tasting fresh fruits rating is

4.4 points. Taste is good (5 points). The plant is predominantly female flowering

type, with a bunch of female flowers – three in the node. Fruit is cylindrical,

short prolific (8 cm). The surface of the fruit is large tubercles, hairs complex

black. The average weight of marketable fruit is 50 g.

Conclusions. As a result of selective breeding had created a number of

lines hinoetsiynyh cucumber gherkin type of complex agronomic traits. They

have value as a parent form when creating heterosis hybrids of cucumber gherkin

type and is designed for use as the parent form while creating competitive bee

pollination heterosis hybrids of cucumber for open soil. They are included in the

selection process for the subsequent formation of competitive heterosis hybrids

of cucumber gherkin type. Based on the lines already established a number of

hybrid combinations of the first generation.

The line F8І6 P 57/745-11 was transferred in 2013 to NCGRPU

(Evidence for № 252 at 3 of December 2013 year).

Bibliography.

1. Yurina O. V. Оgurtsy / О. V. Yurina // Moskovskiy rabochiy. –

М., 1976. – 88 s.

2. Zolotarev V. Оgurtsy / V. Zolotarev // Moskovskiy rabochiy. – М.

– 1963. – 80 s.

3. Medvedev A. V. Geterosisnye gibridy ogurtsa s kompleksnoy

ustoychivostyu k zabolevaniyam [Теkst] / А. V. Medvedev,

А. А. Medvedev // materialy mizhnar. konf. «Optymizatsiya selektsiynogo

protsesu na osnovi genetychnykh moduliv». – Kh., 1999. – S. 98-101.

4. Yuldasheva L. М. Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike I

selektsii [Теks] / L. М. Yuldashevа. – L. – 1971. – Т. 45. – V. 1. – S. 196.

5. Marchenko O. Z. Osoblyvosti selektsii partenokarpichnykh sortiv

ogirkiv / О. Z. Marchenko // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo. – К., 1972.

– Vyp.14. – S. 40-43.

6. Dosvid vyrobnytstva ta marketyngu ovochiv v Ukraini // [rezultaty

doslidzhen proektu agrarnogo marketyngu zа 2004-2005 rr.]. – К., 2006. – 396 s.

7. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii I semenovodstvu geterosisnykh

gibridov ogurtsa [Теkst] / [Pod red. О. V. Yurinoy]. – М., 1985. – 56 s.

8. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po selektsii оgurtsа [Теkst] / Yurina

О. V. , Korganova N. N., Ermolenko I. V. I dr. – М. : Аgropromizdat,

1985. – 54 s.

9. Suchasni metody selektsii ovochevykh I bashtannykh kultur / [Za

red. Т. К. Gorovoi, К. І. Yakovenkа]. – Kh., 2001. – S. 311-356.

10. Metodyka Derzhavnogo sortovyprobuvannya silskogospodarskykh

kultur [Теkst] / [Pid red. V. V. Vovkodava]. – К., 2001. – S. 311-356.

11. Dospekhov B. А. Metodika polevogo opyta [Теkst] /

B. А. Dospekhov. – М. : Коlоs, 1985. – 335 s.

О.В. Сергиенко, Л.Д. Солодовник, Л.А. Радченко

Перспективные линии огурца корнишонного типа для

гетерозисной селекции в условиях открытого грунта.

Резюме. Освещены результаты оценки родительских линий

огурца корнишонного типа по основным хозяйственно-ценным

признакам для создания конкурентоспособных гетерозисных гибридов

в условиях открытого грунта.

О.В. Сергієнко, Л.Д. Солодовник, Л.О. Радченко

Перспективні лінії огірка корнішонного типу для гетерозисної

селекції в умовах відкритого ґрунту.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати оцінки батьківських ліній огірка

корнішонного типу за основними господарсько-цінними ознаками для

створення конкурентноспроможних гетерозисних гібридів для умов

відкритого ґрунту.


UDC: 635.615:631.527:.635.006.015.5

Z.D. Sych, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor


S.M. Kybrak, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

Bilotserkivskiy National Agrarian University

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TASTE QUALITY

OF MELON FRUIT AT CULTIVATION IN FILM GREENHOUSES

ON SOLAR HEATING

The data on biochemical parameters and tasting score of melon fruit

collection nursery in growing conditions in film greenhouses on solar

heating. Allocated variety samples with high content of soluble dry matter,

sugars and low content of nitrates in fruits. These are as Roxolana F1,

Chajka, Uzhnaja zvezda, Uzhanka.

Keywords: melon, greenhouse, variety, hybrid, soluble dry matter,

ascorbic acid, nitrates, tasting score.

Introduction. Among melon crops in our country melon fruit are in high

demand after watermelon, thanks to its taste and nutritional value. This is a

valuable dietary foodstuff, which also has medicinal properties [1, 5].

Delicious fruit of melon should have 8-10 % or dry soluble

substances. [12] The content of easily digestible sugars (20 %) is higher

than in watermelon fruit, but unlike the sugar fructose is presented not

sucrose, which is less sweet.

Due to the seasonal nature of melon consumption currently there is a

partial transition of producers to cultivating her in buildings of closed

ground. To grow it are economically only in greenhouses without using

technical heating from early- maturing varieties and hybrids [9, 11].

However, the assortment of melons, listed in the "National Register of plant

varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine" for buildings of closed ground

is limited. Early-maturing varieties, which were grown in greenhouses and

hotbeds, contain less sugar and vitamins in fruits and are less tasty. This

product is not in high demand in the market [1, 2, 3]. So important is the

selection of varieties and hybrids of melon with high taste and low content

of nitrates in fruits for cultivation in film greenhouses without technical © Sych Z.D., Kybrak S.M., 2014.

heating, but on solar heating.

The aim of research was to choose the promising early ripening

varieties and hybrids for melon cultivation in film greenhouses on solar

heating with high content of dry soluble substances, sugars, ascorbic acid,

low levels of nitrates in fruits and their high taste.

The method of researches. Experimental work has been done during

2009-2011 years at the Kyiv Experimental Station IOB of UAAS on the

topic "Choose assortment of melons for film greenhouses and improve the

technology of its cultivation using rootstocks" (the number of state

registration 0106U005462).

The research laid in film greenhouses on solar heating with area of

500 m2. The predecessor is sweet pepper. The seedlings were grown in winter

and spring glass greenhouse. The seeds were sown in plastic pots 10x10 cm

during the second decade of April. Melon seedlings planted in greenhouse

when temperature of soil in the morning at a depth of 10cm was 14-15 °C.

Plants formed in part on the trellis according to the method of L. M. Shulgina

[8].

The samples in collectible nursery were evaluated according to the

"Method of studying the collection of melons" [6, 7]. It's been about 40

variety samples of melon. The control were: hybrid Rada F1 and variety

Titovka (for early-ripening and middle-ripening), Samarska (for middle-

ripening). The repeated in the nursery is single.

During the mass fruiting defined chemical composition and taste

quality of fresh fruits with optimum ripeness, when these figures are the

highest in these varieties and hybrids. For chemical analysis in biological

maturity phase were collected three fruits of every variety samples [6].

From each fetus was taken the segments from different parts (top and

bottom). The fruit was cut down from the stem through the middle of "spots" that

in each half in equal amounts entered and cleared the shadow of the fetus. These

segments were crushed, mixed and weighed for further analysis. Biochemical

analyzes were conducted in the laboratory of mass analyzes by the methods: the

content of soluble dry matter – refract metric method (GOST 28562-90);

sugar content – by Bertrand cyanide method (GOST 8756.13-87); the

content of ascorbic acid – by Murri (GOST 24556-89); the amount of

nitrates – potentiometrically ion selected electrode (GOST 29270-95).

Taste quality of pulp of varieties and hybrids evaluated tasting

commission composed of 10 persons by tasting fresh fruits [119]. Total

tasting score on a scale from one to nine defined as the total score of

appearance, texture, juiciness and taste of fruit.

The first and last fruit of melon harvested selectively, next – at

regular intervals. Maturity of fruit was determined by the ease of separation

the fruit from the stalk, softening their final parts, yellowing, the emergence

and strengthening of the hybrid inherent flavor.

Mathematical treatment of the data was performed according to the

method described in the works of B. A. Dospehov, Z. D. Sych [3, 10].

The results of researches. According to results of researches was

determined that variety samples of melon in collectible nursery differed on

biochemistry and tasting score (Table). Among varieties and hybrids were

allocated valuable with the high content of soluble dry matter, sugars,

ascorbic acid and the low levels of nitrates in fruits. The highest content of

dry matter and soluble sugars on the early ripening varieties had hybrid

Roxolana F1 – 12.1 and 6.2 % accordingly (Table 1).

1. – Biochemical composition and taste quality of melon hybrids in

collectible nursery (the average for 2009-2011 years)

Name of variety

or hybrid

Dry

soluble

matter, %

Sugar

(total),

%

Ascorbic

acid,

mg/100 g

Nitrates,

mg/kg

Taste

score,

point

Early-middle hybrid (70-80 days)

Rada F1 (control 1) 10,3 5,2 19,9 165 6,2

Assol F1 9,5 4,9 33,4 189 5,4

Spokusa F1 9,3 4,7 19,7 191 5,0

Roxolana F1 12,1 6,2 38,8 90 7,0

Goldi F1 9,3 4,7 25,6 127 6,0

Early-middle hybrid (80-90 days)

Titochka (control 2) 9,4 4,8 20,6 77 5,2

Goprynka 10,9 5,3 17,6 126 5,5

Chayka 11,5 5,4 27,6 157 6,3

Evdokiya 9,4 4,6 26,0 121 5,0

Yuzhnaya zvezda 11,6 5,5 27,8 153 5,8

Middle-ripening hybrid (90-100 days)

Samarska (control 3) 9,7 5,0 26,9 103 5,2

Yuzhanka 12,9 6,5 23,5 80 7,2

Alina 9,4 4,8 24,6 162 4,8

Valenciano 10,2 5,3 29,3 177 5,3

All other hybrids contained in fruit dry matter and soluble sugars

almost as much as the control Rada F1 10.3 % and 5.2 % accordingly. The

content of ascorbic acid in fruit of melon was negligible in control of

hybrid RadaF1 and Spokusa F1 – 19.9 and 19.7 mg/100 g. The highest

figures were in variety sample Roxolana F1 – 38.8 mg/100 g of wet weight.

The presence of nitrate, the levels of which were slightly higher

than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) 90 mg/kg, was almost

in all hybrids, except Roxolana F1 (90 mg/kg). This can be explained by

their accumulation in plants under the influence of low light shading film

provided. But their content is low, as it is recommended for the fruits that

come from open ground. MPC of nitrates in fruits of melons for

greenhouses is not regulated by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. For

example, in the fruit of cucumber and tomato allowable concentration is

respectively 400 and 300 mg/kg of wet weight, and in the open field – 200

and 150 mg/kg [6].

As a result of tasting evaluation was determining the samples with

the high score. These can include hybrid Roxolana F1 (7.0) and Goldi F1

(6.0), to the control hybrid Rada F1 tasting score was 6.2 points.

The content of dry soluble matter and sugars in the fruits of

middle-ripening varieties were not high enough.

The highest figures were characterized varieties Goprinka, Chayka,

and Yuzhnaya zvezda. The level of soluble dry matter ranged from 10.9 to

11.6 %, and sugar – 5.3-5.5 %.

The plants of melon in middle-early varieties accumulated in the

fruit rather small levels of ascorbic acid.

The highest it has been in varieties Yuzhnaya zvezda and Chayka

and were 27.8 and 27.6 % accordingly. The lowest level of ascorbic acid

was in fruits of Goprynka – 17.6 %.

The content of nitrates for middle-early ripening variety samples

was from 121 and 157 mg/kg. The lowest amount of nitrate accumulated in

the fruit of variety Titovka (control 2) – 77 mg/kg.

The best taste quality got variety Chayka (6.3 points), since this

variety samples had the highest content of sugar (5.4 %). Variety Yuzhnaya

zvezda, had lower tasting score (5,8 points), although the level of sugars in

the fruit was on level with variety Chayka – 5.5 %. This is due to the fact

that the fruits in variety Yuzhnaya zvezda were not very attractive.

In fruits of middle-ripening varieties the level of soluble dry matter

ranged from 9.4 (variety Alina) to 12.9 % (variety Yuzhanka). The most

high content of sugars accumulated in the fruit variety Yuzhanka – 6.5 %,

which led to the fairly high of tasting score – 7.2. This variety is

characterized by the least amount of nitrates in fruits – 80 mg/kg.

Conclusions. As a result of biochemical research were allocated

varieties and hybrids with high content of soluble dry matter (from 11.5 to

12.9 %), sugar (from 5.4 to 6.5 %), low levels of nitrate (90 mg/kg, or on

the level) and variety samples with high taste (from 5.8 to 7.2 points).

These include hybrid Roxolana F1 and varieties Chayka, Yuzhnaya zvezda,

Yuzhanka.

Bibliography.

1. Bobos I. M. Pidbir sortymentu ta agrobiologichne obgruntuvannya

elementiv tekhnologii vyroshchuvannya kavuna I dyni v plivkovykh teplytsyakh:

dis. kandydata s.-g. nauk : 06.01.06 / Bobos Iryna Makarivna. – K., 2003. – 253 s.

2. Derzhavnyy reestr roslyn, prydatnykh dlya poshyrennya v Ukraini

u 2005 rotsі / [gol. red. V. V. Volkodav]. – К. : Аlefа, 2005. – 243 s.


M. : Kolos, 1979. – 415 s.

4. Catalog sortiv roslyn, prydatnykh dlya poshyrennya v Ukraini u

2006 rotsі / [pidgot. V. V. Volkodav ta in.]. – К. : Аlefа, 2006. – 355 s.

5. Kubrak S. М. Vyroshchuvannya dyni v plivkovykh teplytsyakh na

sonyachnomu obigrivi / S. М. Kubrak // Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Natsionalnogo

naukovogo tsentru «Instytut zemlerobstva UAAN». – 2006. – Vyp. 3-4. – S. 91-94.



7. Metodyka selektsiynogo protsesu ta provedennya polovykh doslidiv z

bashtannymy kulturamy: metodychni rekomendatsii / [tekst pidgot. Lymar А. О.,

Snigovyy V. S., Kashcheev O. Ya. ta in.]. – К. : Agrarna nauka, 2001. – 132 s.

8. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po vyrashchivaniyu bakhchevykh

kultur v usloviyakh ukrainy / [pod red. L. М. Shulginoy]. – К., 1990. – 26 s.

9. Sych Z. D. Klasyfikatsiya selektsiynykh zrazkiv dyni metodom

bagatomirnoi statystyky za umovy vyroshchuvannya v plivkovykh teplytsyakh

na sonyachnomu obigrivі / Z. D. Sych, S. М. Кubrak // Visnyk Bilotserkivskogo

derzhavnogo agrarnogo universytetu. – 2007. – Vyp. 46. – S. 75-79.

10. Sych Z. D. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po statisticheskoy

otsenke selektsionnogo materiala ovoshchnykh I bakhchevykh kultur /

Z. D. Sych. – Kh. : IOB UAAN, 1993. – 72 s.

11. Shulgina L. М. Spravochnik ogorodnika / L. М. Shulginа – Kh. :

Foliо, 2006. – 350 s.

12. Smaak onder zoek steeds professionaler aangepakt // Groenten en

Fruit. – 1990. –Vol. 45, № 35 – P 30-31.

З.Д. Сыч, С.М. Кубрак

Химический состав и вкусовые качества плодов дыни за

условий выращивания в пленочных теплицах на солнечном обогреве.

Резюме. Приведены данные о биохимических показателях и

дегустационной оценке плодов коллекционного питомника дыни при

условии выращивания в пленочных теплицах на солнечном обогреве.

Выделено сортообразцы с высоким содержанием сухого растворимого

вещества, сахаров и низким содержанием нитратов в плодах. Это

такие, как Roxolana F1, Чайка, Южная звезда, Южанка.

З.Д. Сич, С.М. Кубрак

Біохімічний склад та смакові якості плодів дині за вирощування

у плівкових теплицях на сонячному обігріві.

Резюме. Наведено дані про хімічні показники та дегустаційну

оцінку плодів колекційного розсадника дині за умови вирощування в

плівкових теплицях на сонячному обігріві. Виділено сортозразки з

високим вмістом сухої розчинної речовини, загального цукру та

низьким вмістом нітратів в плодах. Це такі, як Roxolana F1, Чайка,

Южная звезда, Южанка.


UDC: 635:631.1:339.13

L.А. Теrekhinа, E.М. Іlinovа, Candidates of Agrarian Sciences


RESEARCH AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

OF TRANSFER INNOVATION OF HORTICULTURE

IN AGRICULTURE

This article has highlighted scientific meetings of the increase in

innovation tools and their implementation in agricultural production.

Keywords: vegetable, innovation, product innovation, production

implementation.

Introduction. At the heart of innovation development of agro-

industrial areas are new knowledge and technologies, they are the main

source of economic growth. The innovative shaped by objective factors: the

availability of natural and human resources, geographic location of

features. Of particular importance is the formation of innovative climate

information channels and transmission infrastructure innovation in

agricultural production. This innovative activity of research institutions,

including the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS, is to design and

implement effective mechanisms for transforming organizational and

economic relations with scientists’ agrarian [1].

Difficult economic conditions prevailing in the agricultural sector,

significantly impede the development of the market of innovative products,

reduce the economic indicators of the use of new scientific knowledge, and

as a result, reduce returns stakeholders [2].

Innovation policy in agriculture is realized by developing and

implementing strategic programs using technologies in production and

processing of agricultural products, improvement of certification and

standardization and bringing them closer to international standards, increased

commercialization of research results and innovative products [3].

The purpose and objectives. Improve measures raising innovative

changes, effective use of scientific achievements in various fields of AIC

for introduction of completed scientific and transfer of innovation in © Ilinova E.M., Terekhina L.A., 2014.

agricultural production using marketing of intellectual research output

based on socio-economic situation of agricultural areas of the country.

The method of researches. As part of the research was used abstract

logical method, methods of scientific intuition, morphological analysis,

comparison, synthesis method and generalizations monographic method of

questioning.

The results of researches. Research carried out at the Institute of

Vegetables and Melons of NAAS during 2011-2014 years. Today the

institute plays an important role in the development of innovative products

in the agricultural sector. The activities are aimed at providing scientific

vegetable sector of agriculture as the Kharkiv region and Ukraine as a

whole. Break the links between research institutions and commodity

producers today are the main reason that manufacturers do not have the

capacity not only to apply scientific achievements fully in their practice,

but at all times to meet with them. Only the advertising and promotion of

scientific achievements and excellence allows you to change the situation at

this stage.

To promote innovation, scientific guidance of economic activity in

the region, and excellence are the scientists of the Institute at scientific

conferences, take part in round tables and seminars for managers and

specialists of agricultural enterprises, farmers read a series of lectures. So in

2014 the Institute participated in 46 exhibitions, 40 conferences, seminars,

symposiums and meetings. Was organized appearances on radio and

television – 18, published 227 articles in scientific journals of Ukraine, 8 –

in the CIS countries issued interdepartmental thematic of scientific

journals, 3 books, 2 collections of abstracts of scientific conferences.

At the Institute was established advisory group for advice on

cultivation and seed production of vegetable and melon plants. During the

year, scientists’ institution has provided over 800 consultations on

technology growing vegetables and melons, farming, plant protection,

fertilizing vegetable crop rotation systems, organizational and technological

measures to conduct field work, and so on.

Institute scientists work out methods accelerate research in plant

breeding and seed production, improve the modern energy-saving

technology of growing seedlings of commodity production in the open and

under glass and original seeds of vegetable and melon plants develop

methods for the intensification of economic relations in commodity

vegetable and seed production of elite seeds of varieties and hybrids of

vegetables and melon plants. Technologies include:

- use of modern high-yielding varieties and hybrids with high quality

products that are resistant to adverse environmental conditions;

- implementing of tillage in crop rotation, use of fertilizers, irrigation

water and other resources;

- integrated plant protection from pests, diseases and weeds;

- the use of machines with the highest performance indicators in the

performance of manufacturing operations.

The Institute cooperates with a network of basic facilities in Odessa,

Zhitomir, Khmelnitsky, Poltava, Lviv, Kyiv, Kharkiv regions with common

seed cultivation and trade of vegetables. In 2014 the Institute was signed 56

licensing agreements for the cultivation of vegetable production for the

2011-2014 years. Was created and submitted to the qualified examination

of 28 varieties and hybrids of vegetables and melons, listed in the State

register of plant varieties of Ukraine – 30 varieties breeding at institute with

good and excellent quality, they are technological, their products are

suitable for canning, pickles, jams and juice production, and most

importantly, they have adapted to local growing conditions.

In order to defend the market, expanding the application, advertising,

recruitment market vegetables seed breeding domestic selection, retrieval

and transfer of innovative consumer products in 2014 in different climatic

zones of Ukraine was launched 22 demonstration polygons vegetables. For

the Forest-steppe zone was set up in landfills regions: Kharkiv, Sumy,

Cherkasy, Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi. For the zone of Polesie is in Chernihiv

region. For the zone of Steppe is in Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk and

Zaporizhia. This is where consumers can research products visually

verifying the effectiveness of the competitiveness of vegetable production.

Note that innovative activity means all, without exception,

innovation process, since the emergence of scientific and technical ideas

and completing spread scientific product. Therefore, to determine the

direction of new scientific and technological development and evaluation of

completed scientific researchers Institute of Intellectual using marketing

research products based on socio-economic situation of agricultural areas of

the country.

Conclusions. For the successful transfer of scientific development is

the most effective form of various ongoing communications, collaboration

of scientists from farming. Greater attention should be paid with the needs

of direct consumers research products and develop innovative products that

are in demand. After all, only the application of knowledge, professional

skills, recommendations scholars’ vegetable industry will enter the global

level.

Bibliography.

1. Makarenko P. М. Agrobiznea v ovocheproduktovomu

pidkompleksi Ukrainy / Маkarenkо P. М., Кryvoruchkо V. І.,

Кyrylenkо G. І. – К. : Nyvа, 1997. – 138 s.

2. Dyakonov N. P. Analiz sprosa, meropriyariya transfera razrabotok

I nauchnoe soprovozhdenie innovatsyy / Dyakonov N. P.,

Roztorguev V. А., Тymchuk V. М. // Ovochivnytatvo I bashtannytstvo :

mizhv. temat. nauk. zb. / Instytut ovochivnytstva I bashtannytstva. – 2009.

– № 55. – S. 273-280.

3. Terokhina L. А. Innovatsii dlya galuzi ovochivnytstva /

Terokhina L. А., Ruchkin О. V., Rudnytskа Т. О. // Ovochivnytatvo I

bashtannytstvo : mizhv. temat. nauk. zb. / Instytut ovochivnytstva I

bashtannytstva. – 2011. – № 57. – S. 225-230.

Л.А. Терёхина, Е.М. Ильинова

Научно-организационные основы трансфера инноваций

овощеводства в сельскохозяйственном производстве.

Резюме. В статье освещены научно-организационные

мероприятия по повышению уровня инновационных разработок и

инструментарий их внедрения в агропромышленное производство.

Л.А. Терьохіна, Є.М. Ільїнова

Науково-організаційні засади трансферу інновацій овочівництва

в сільськогосподарське виробництво.

Резюме. В статті висвітлено науково-організаційні заходи

підвищення рівня інноваційних розробок та інструментарій їх

впровадження в агропромислове виробництво.


UDC: 635.89:631.465.27:664.8.031

V.V. Harebа, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Academician of NAAS


R.G. Melnik, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,

V.А. Mikchaylichenko, Sciences Researcher


PROCESSING METHODS AND ELEMENTS OF ACCELERATED

GROWTH MUSHROOM

The vesults of the application of the new method keking material

shows that it can significantly speed up the first way mushroom fruiting

and shortens the whole growing cycle of mushroom.

Keywords: casing-material, oyster pleurotus, covering soil substrate.

Introduction. Over the past 10 years, the production of mushrooms

in the world increased by 2 times and reached 12 million tons. Of these,

about 9 million tons are 75 % of the world cultivated mushrooms that are

grown in China. In Europe annually grow about 1 million tons of

mushrooms, of which one third is export and import volumes (44). Import

fungi in Ukraine in 2009 amounted to 1.63 ths. tons, down 58 % compared

to 2000, which strengthened the development of domestic mushroom

industry. Consumption of mushroom products during this period increased

from 0.2 kg to 1.1 kg per person. This rule must match 4-5 kg. This trend

gives reason to expect a further increase domestic production of edible

mushrooms in Ukraine since the proposal meets the needs of the market

less than 70 % [3].

Active development of mushroom in Ukraine formed all the

necessary conditions, including relatively cheap raw materials for the

preparation of the substrate, renting and reconstruction of existing facilities.

In addition, modern mushroom, which is separated into an independent

branch of agriculture, is rather profitable area of production activities. High

yields and the opportunity to spend four or more cycles per year growing of

mushrooms make attractive for manufacturers. The constant use in the

manufacture of new scientific and technological developments can increase © Khareba V.V., Melnik R.G., Mykhaylychenko V.А., 2014.

the yield of mushrooms, reduce manual labor, successfully execute

protection against diseases and pests of mushrooms, mushroom products

expand the range [1]. But you cannot notice the trend of recent years, which

is aimed at use in the first place, energy production technology. As the

global economic crisis, observed in recent years, it allows you to compete

in the market mushrooms, primarily due to lower production costs.

Many have developed energy saving technologies of items substrates

for growing edible mushrooms. So in Europe have become increasingly

popular substrates for growing oyster pleurotus of phase 3. It is colonized

substrate mycelium of the fungus and is ready to spray coating mixture.

Cycle growing at significantly reduced, decreasing the likelihood of defeat

diseases and pests [2].

There are known methods of obtaining rapid fruiting bodies of fungi

growing conditions for oyster pleurotus that involve the use of so-called

"casing-material".

Casing – CAC («Compost Added at Casing») this is the

technological production method, in which the already overgrown

mycelium is well made compost to the soil before applying the coating or

immediately after applying it to compost. For the first time this technology

has been used in Ireland in 1969. After that, most companies that grew

mushrooms on pallets and shelves were used casing method [4]. The idea

casing is more rapid and uniform development of mycelium in the soil for

cover. Without casing-mycelium invades the material covering the ground

with the top layer of compost. With casing-material incubation mycelium

covering soil is mainly of particles casing-material. In practice, the use

casing overgrowth topcoat mycelium usually happens for 2 days faster. The

main advantage of casing is to reduce the time of colonization topcoat, an

opportunity not to carry out its loosening and no recovery period after

loosening the mycelium, and as a result is to reduce the timing of fruiting.

The disadvantage of said method is that by traditional technology when

casing add content to cover ground the start of collecting mushrooms not

significantly reduced. Proceeds production speeds with no more than three

or four days.

The basis of the research has been tasked to significantly reduce the

time period of vegetative growth of oyster pleurotus by a new approach to

application casing. The main objective of these studies is to reduce the

cycle of growing mushrooms without loss of total crop output. This

technology will increase the number of culture changes a year and

significantly improve energy saving production. Besides getting fruiting

mushrooms in earlier periods allows you to adjust appearance of the

product at the right time (for the holidays, when demand for fresh

mushrooms biggest). The essence of the new technological method is

proposed not to casing making the coating layer and the surface of the

substrate, followed casing.

The aim of researches. Research work was performed in the

laboratory of mycology and mushroom processing of department selection

of vegetables Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian

Sciences of Ukraine for 2011-2013 years.

One of the tasks of research was to determine the yield of oyster

pleurotus culture and intensity depending on the timing of casing-material

to the substrate. In this case casing layer served as a "buffer zone" between

the substrate and cover the mixture. That made it possible to grow without

the "stress" of substrate mycelium and grow simultaneously in the coating

layer by accelerating the phase fruiting. Casing studied drawing and coating

mixes, 7th, 9th and 11th day from the start of cultivation. As a control are

set to welcome the traditional application of coating material on the

substrate in 14 days after inoculation. Equally important is to determine the

optimal number casing-material, because it affects the cost-effectiveness of

its application. Therefore, studying the intensity and appearance of the

product yield of oyster pleurotus at different heights are applied of casing.

Was the cost and economic assessment for the height of the layer deposited

of casing-compost from 2 to 5 cm.

For casing material of the highest quality were chosen, well covered

with mycelium blocks. Compost in these blocks is free from pests and

diseases. As casing used compost with a high degree of colonization

mycelium, its compost minimum daily 15-16 colonization is optimally 17-

19-daily. Already selected for casing-material composting units were

moved to the area and clean cut. Shredding (or loosening) was performed

manually. Compost crushed to single straw (2-5 cm long). It is also

possible using special compost shredder. The main requirement is a high

hygiene operation. Preparation of compost for casing is carried out on the

day of application.

The results of researches. With phenological observations we fixed

parameters that help to assess the growth of mycelium and oyster pleurotus

during both vegetative stage and reproductive (Table 1). The intensity of

the growth of mycelium growing period in the coating layer is slightly

different options for the experiment. This factor influenced the yield of

mycelium on the surface of the coating layer, the period of loosening, the

recovery of mycelium, consequently appearance primordia (primordia of

fruiting bodies), the beginning and the end of fruiting. Measurement of

vertical mushrooms mycelium growth showed that the rate of growing

substrate casing started distinguishable in some embodiments. In

embodiments of making it to the 7 day average measurement recorded

growths of mycelium in the smallest range – 30-35 mm respectively. It is

10-15 mm smaller in comparison with the control (without casing), where

the average measurement growths of mycelium was 40-45 mm. The most

ingrowths was achieved with the introduction of options casing on 9th and

11th day – 45-50 mm. Strong growth of mycelium, at this stage, and later

contributed to the release of mycelium on the surface of the coating

material, it’s full-fouling in these versions at an earlier period than other

and quickly recover from loosening. The first primordia formed on day 22

in the form of making casing on day 7 and fruiting started on day 28, which

is 8 days earlier than traditional technology. Growing cycle when making

casing reduced to 8-9 days.

Vintage grown mushrooms are key indicators in the study of the

effectiveness of the proposed measures are. Table 2 shows the results

would yield mushrooms depending on the duration of use casing-material.

In total crop yield was records held by waves of fruiting.

The results are presented in the table show that the highest rates of

productivity mushrooms on average by three waves of fruiting was

obtained on substrates made that adding casing 11 days – 25.7 kg/m2. This

is 1.2 kg/m2 more than control. Adding casing 7 nights based on research

findings led to a decrease in yield of 0.5 kg/m2 compared to the respective

control. Adding casing 9 days allowed obtaining crop at 25.6 kg/m2, which

is 1.1 kg/m2 more than control.

Conclusions. Add casing-material layer 3 cm to the substrate on 9th

day after inoculation allowed to 9 days to reduce the start gathering of

oyster pleurotus. The yield was 25.6 kg/m2, which is more than 1.1 kg/m

2

for the control (24.5 kg/m2). This cycle of cultivation has decreased by 8-9

days. Thus, a possible increase of changes culture growing of oyster

pleurotus from 4-5 to 5-6 for the year is energy is economical and cost

advantageous compared with traditional technology.

Bibliography.

1. Zakharenkо О. Ukrainskoe gribovodstvo: tendentsii razvitiya I

sovremennoe sostoyanie / О. Zakharenkо, А. Chunikhin //

Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2012. – № 6 – S. 78-83.

2. Kosyak О. А. Rozvytok svitovogo rynku grybiv і produktsii ikh

pererobky / О. А. Коsyak // Ekonomika APK. – 2010. – № 9. – S. 146-149.

3. Rynok grybiv Ukrainy. Potochna konyuktura ta prognoz

[Elektronnyy resurs] / R. Tomina. – Rezhym dostupu : http://agroprom-

ua.com/news/885/.

4. Fakhrutdinova F. Tekhnologicheskie stadia protsessa

vyrashchivaniya shampinonov. Vegetativnaya fazа / F. Fakhrutdinovа //

Оvoshchevodstvо. – 2010. – № 2 – S. 74-78.

В.В. Хареба, Р.Г. Мельник, В.А. Михайличенко

Технологические приёмы и элементы ускоренного выращивания

шампиньона двоспорового.

Резюме. Изложены результаты исследования по изучению

нового способа применения кекинг-материала, что позволяет

существенно ускорить время поступления грибов первой волны

плодоношения и сократить в целом цикл выращивания шампиньона

двоспорового.

В.В. Хареба, Р.Г. Мельник

Технологічні прийоми та елементи прискореного вирощування

печериці двоспорової.

Резюме. Викладено результати досліджень з вивчення нового

способу застосування кекінг-матеріалу, що дозволяє суттєво

прискорити час надходження грибів першої хвилі плодоношення та

скоротити в цілому цикл вирощування печериці двоспорової.

1. – The development of mycelium and fruiting of oyster pleurotus using

casing-material (average for 2011-2013)

V

aria

nts

Gro

wth

of

my

celi

um

in c

oat

ing

lay

er o

n d

ay

7, m

m

Fu

ll f

ou

lin

g t

he

coat

ing

lay

er, d

ays

Ter

m r

eco

ver

aft

er

loo

sen

ing

, d

ays

Th

e ap

pea

ran

ce o

f

pri

mo

rdia

, d

ays

Sta

rt o

f fr

uit

ing

, d

ays

En

d o

f fr

uit

ing

, d

ays

Without casing

(control) 40-45 8-9 3 32 36 65

Casing on day

7 after

inoculation

30-35 8-9 3 22 28 56

Casing on 9

days after

inoculation

45-50 7-8 2 22 27 55

Casing on 11

days after

inoculation

45-50 7-8 3 29 30 60

2. – Effect of timing of casing-material to yield of oyster pleurotus

The yield on the waves of

fruiting, kg/m2

Variants

І

wave

ІІ

wave

ІІІ

wave

The total

yield,

kg/m2

To increase

of control,

kg/m2

1 2 3 4 5 6

2011 year

Without casing (control) 11,2 8,4 3,4 23,0 -

Casing on day 7 after

inoculation 8,6 8,9 3,3 20,8 -3,8

Casing on 9 days after

inoculation 10,5 9,3 4,0 23,8 0,8


inoculation

SSD05

11,0 8,5 3,6

23,1

2,4

0,1

2012 year

Without casing (control) 13,2 9,5 3,1 25,8 -


inoculation 12,0 9,9 3,3 25,2 -0,6


inoculation 12,5 10,5 3,6 26,6 0,8


inoculation

SSD05

13,5 9,5 3,6

26,6

0,6

0,8

2013 year

Without casing (control) 13,4 9,7 1,8 24,9


inoculation 12,5 10,7 2,9 26,1 1,2


inoculation 13,1 9,8 3,6 26,5 1,6


inoculation 14,2 10,1 3,1 27,4 2,5

SSD05 (kg/m2) 0,8

Average for 2011-2013 years

Without casing (control) 12,6 9,2 2,8 24,5


inoculation 11,0 9,8 3,2 24,0 -0,5


inoculation 12,0 9,8 3,7 25,6 1,1


inoculation 12,9 9,5 3,5 25,7 1,2


UDC: 635.648:631.5

V.V. Khareba, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences,


A.A. Unuchko, Graduate Student,


BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF OKRA SEEDLINGS

(HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS L.) ARE DEPENDING

ON AGE OF PLANTS

Considered is an influence plant age okra seedlings on biometric

parameters and survival rate of plants. Expounded performance of linear

height of plants, and also chart of seedling survival rate in the opened soil

for years researches. Rotined until then passing, of basic phenophases.

Keywords: okra, seedling age, phenological stage, height of plants,

survival rate of seedling.

Introduction. In the vegetable-growing of the opened soil of Ukraine

on the modern stage of development the search of cheap sources of

albumen, which okra exudes between, has the special interest (Hibiscus

esculentus L.). For wide introduction it in an agricultural production there

is a necessity of development of new elements technologies of growing,

which are directed on the receipt of the maximal productivity [5].

Okra is a valuable delicacy vegetable plant of monogynopaedium of

Mallow (Malvaceae). Earlier a common name was okra, but lately it often

called "hibisk table." Also in the literature there are names "abelmoshus",

"gumbo", "okra", "ladies' fingers". It is very widely widespread in the

world (countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and America). In Ukraine in this

time a plant is popular enough among vegetable growers and gardeners [2].

One of the main properties of okra is high concentration of fiber,

vitamins, minerals (for example calcium, iron, potassium and other) and

mucous substances. It is important that dietary fiber of plant absorb sugar

in the small intestine and regulate blood glucose levels. This plant removes

excess of water from the body, regulating kidney function and eliminating

edema, excess of bile, bad cholesterol, toxins, and therefore it is

recommended for patients with atherosclerosis, obesity, metabolic © Khareba V.V., Unuchko A.A., 2014.

disorders. Eliminates of okra constipation and bloating, strengthens blood

vessels and stimulates the production of probiotics in the small intestine, so

it contributes to the activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Okra is being

suggested to include in the diet of pregnant women, especially during the

period from 4 to 12 weeks of pregnancy when the neural tube is formed

fruit, as this fruit contains large concentration of folic acid [4].

There was created and included in the Register varieties of plant of

Ukraine two varieties of okra: Dibrova and Sopilka by the breeder

researchers at the station "Mayak" on the base of the Institute of Vegetables

and Melons of NAAS. The technology of okra cultivation adapted to

different soil – climatic conditions is absent in Ukraine. One of the main

tasks determination of optimum age of cassette seedlings of okra, and these

researches in Ukraine were not yet conducted Thus, the results of research

are important and relevant to science and industry [3].

The aim of research. Conduct a study of the peculiarities of growth

and development of all age’s of seedling plants of okra varieties Dibrova

and their subsequent impact on the biometric indicators.

The method of researches. The studies were been conducted in

2012-2013 years on the territory of educational and scientific production

laboratory "Test breeding achievements and environmental technology

assessment of growing fruit, vegetables, medicinal and ornamental plants"

(Kyiv), in the Forest-Steppe zone on soils according to the "Methods of

research in the case of Vegetables and Melons" [1]. Pumpkin was the

precursor of plants. Okra plants were been grown according to the

recommendations of the research station "Mayak" of the Institute of

Vegetables and Melons of NAAS. Area of accounting territory was

10,5 m2, repetition of the experiment was four times, accommodation of

options were rendomizations.

Hung seed were begun with 11 of April, from intervals 5-7 days

(with the increase of temperature stair of come in sight before). Since

germination was very high, it immediately plated cells in 4.7 x 5.5 cm at 1-

2 pcs. Cooked soil watered and covered agrofibre. Seedlings planted in the

second week of May when the danger of spring frosts has passed.

The results of researches. Every year in Ukraine is growing interest

to growers’ cassette technology growing seedlings of vegetable crops.

These technologies differ from traditional methods of growing seedlings

both in terms of technological and economic advantages. Seedlings grown

in cassettes, levelled, has a well-developed root system, which is

intertwined with the roots of neigh boring plants and consequently less

damaged during transplantation. Planted in open ground, it is characterized

by high survival rate, because the plants are initially in the same conditions

and at the same time developing.

Influence growing seedlings on the processes of growth and

development plants of okra before the explosing of them in the opened soil

it is possible to estimate the offensive of basic phenophases of plants as a

result of analysis (Table 1).

1. – Dates passage phenophases of growth and development plants of okra,

varieties Dibrova at sowing in cassettes (average for 2012-2013 years)

Age of seeding, days Seedtime Mass shoots

30 15.04 22.04

25 (C)* 20.04 28.05

20 26.04 3.05

15 1.05 8.05

*(C) – control

During a lead through the investigational were set that the offensive

of phenological phases depended of okra seedlings on the terms of sowing

of seed. At providing of seed the necessary amount of moisture and heat,

single stair of plants grown in cassettes on the average for year’s researches

appeared on 7 days.

It is set researches, that a short period of germination of seed of okra

was possible only then, when indexes of day's temperature and humidity

were optimum for the germination of seed. Seedlings of okra were grown in

a spring pellicle heifer on the sun heating.

Information, that we got testify that appearance of mass stair of okra

took place in 7-8 days depending on the term of sowing of seed. The stair

of more early age of seedling appeared before, than more late. We consider

that it can be related to that in an average daily temperature was the more

late timing of sowing higher, that in same queue resulted in more active

influence on the processes of germination of seed. Before in all appearance

of stair is marked on 8 of May, at the plants of seedling age 15 days.

The different terms of sowing of seed are predetermined by

differences between variants on the biometrical indexes of plants (Table 2).

It is possible to set after results, that the biometrical indexes of plants of

rose okra with the increase of amount of days from the date of sowing. In

middle for years researches in the day of landing of seedling in the opened

soil a most height of plants was 7,5 see at plants by age 30 days. It can be

explained the greater size of plants and terms of illumination.

2. – Biometric performance cassette of okra seedling in variety Dibrova of

greenhouses on the solar heating depending on age


Age of

seedling,

days

Height, cm Number of true

leaves, pcs.

Diameter of

root-collar,

mm

Area of

sheets of

plant, cm2

15 6,0 1 1,9 18,2

20 6,7 2 2,0 23,7

25 (C)* 7,1 2 2,1 25,4

30 7,5 2 2,4 18,4

SSD0,5 0,3 - 0,2 2,6

*(C) – control

Seedling age 15 days was the least – 6.0 cm. Thus, by measuring the

length of the stems of plants aged 20 and 25 days was 6.7 and 7.1 cm,

respectively.

The very important index of quality seedling of okra is a diameter of

root-collar. The biometrical measuring testify to the difference in the

diameter of root-collar depending on age of seedling so they were scope

from 1.9 to 2.4 mm. Plants had the thickest and thinnest root-collar by age

15 and 30 days and it was evened 1.9 and 2.4 mm accordingly. At seedling

by age 20 days this sign made 2.0 mm. Consequently the study of influence

of age of seedling on the diameter of root-collar, that seedling had the

thickest root-collar age 30 days.

One of the main indicators of agricultural plants is the number of

leaves and leaf surface area. These data indicate that the number of leaves

in plants okra seedlings growing method ranged from 1 to 2 plants 15-30

days. Plants aged 20, 25 and 30 days per day transplanting formed by 2

leaves.

According to the number of layers and patterns were found in terms

of leaf surface seedlings of okra. The plants of age 15 days had an area of

sheets – 18.24 cm2. The size of this index grew with the increase of age of

plants. The seedling by age 20 and 25 days evened 23.7 and 25.38 cm2

accordingly. Plants 30 days had an area of sheets age – 18.35 cm2. Plants

had a most area of sheets by age 25 days – 25.38 cm2. The less area of

leaves of plants is 30 days explained age that in the moment of explosing

the sheets of seed-lobe died off unlike other variants.

Growing of plants in cassettes allows almost hundred-per-cent to

save the root age of plants, which from the first days of growth in the

opened soil can provide plant moisture and elements of feed which

positively influences on subsequent development of plants.

On the average for years researches of application of cassette

technology of growing of seedling of okra allowed to increase the percent

of survival rate plants to – 99.0 % (fig. 1).

Fig. 1 – Survival rate of seedling okra, depending on age, %

(average for 2012-2013 years).

Researches from influence of age of cassette seedling on its survival

rate' in the opened soil testify that most age of plants is more favourable, as

a percent of plants which got accustomed was higher comparatively with a

control variant on 1 % and was 99.0 % accordingly. By the lowest indexes

of quality – 96.7 % seedling was marked by age 15 days.

Conclusions. The best biometric parameters at the time of planting

in open ground in the third decade of May the plants aged 25 and 30 days,

which in turn allows you to get strong plants and increase survival rate of

plants. When planting seedlings aged 25 days was achieved rooting of

plants – 99 %.

Bibliography.


red. G. L. Bondarenka, К. І. Yakovenka]. – Kh., 2001. – 365 s

2. Zhumaniyazovа М. P. Rost, razvitie I produktivnost

netraditsyonnykh ovoshchnykh kultur v Uzbekistanе, 2008. – 419 s.

3. Maloposhyreni ovochevi roslyny / [Khareba V. V., Poznyak О. V.,

Unuchk О. О., Kharebа О. V]. – Ch. 1. – Vinnytsya : FOP Korzun D. Yu.,

2012. – 48 s.

4. Poznyak O. V. Bamiya (gibisk istivnyy) / Poznyak О. P.,

Kharytskyy М. V., Маlenkо А. М.. – Nizhyn : Aspekt-Poligraf, 2007. – 28 s.

5. Khareba V. V. Tekhnologiya vyroshchuvannya bamii /

V. V. Kharebaа, О. О. Unuchkо // Plantator. –2013. – № 3 (11) – S. 92-93.

В.В. Хареба, А.А. Унучко

Биометрические показатели рассады бамии (Hibiscus

esculentus L.) в зависимости от возраста растений.

Резюме. Рассматривается влияние возраста растений рассады

бамии на биометрические показатели и приживаемость растений.

Освещены показатели линейной высоты растений, а также график

приживаемости рассады в открытом грунте за годы исследований.

Показаны даты прохождения основных фенофаз.

В.В. Хареба, О.О. Унучко

Біометричні показники розсади бамії (Hibiscus esculentus L.)

залежно від віку рослин.

Резюме. Розглядається вплив віку рослин розсади бамії на

біометричні показники та приживлюваність рослин. Викладено

показники лінійної висоти рослин, а також графік приживлюваності

розсади у відкритому ґрунті за роки досліджень. Показані дати

проходження основних фенофаз.


UDC: 631.527; 635.132

V.К. Cherkasova, Sciences Researcher,

О.М. Shadetya, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences


BIOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL VARIETAL SAMPLE OF

VEGETABLES FAMILY CELERY

Covered the results of studies 2010-2013 years biochemical

composition of samples of fresh produce varieties of vegetables celery

family, in dry matter content, total sugar, vitamin C, fiber, nitrate and

allocated resources for breeding.

Keywords: parsnips, fennel, parsley, chemical composition,

evaluation, selection, nitrates, quality.

Introduction. Vegetable plants of the family Celery (carrots, parsley,

parsnips and fennel) are dietary medicinal food. One of the important issues

of our research is to increase the quality of vegetable production due to the

selection of sources for breeding for the content of nutrients plants of the

family celery. Determination of biochemical substances gene pool

vegetables celery family is a major challenge in the selection process, the

new set of complex genotypes useful and productive characteristics. An

important objective was to analyze the content, dry matter, vitamin C, fiber,

total sugar, nitrates collection and selection of samples of fresh produce

plants of the family Celery, set parameters variability of chemical

components and identify sources for breeding for the content of nutrients

[1, 2].

The aim of research. To analyze the content of biochemical

components: dry matter, vitamin C, fiber, total sugar, production of nitrates

in fresh samples of high-grade plants of the family Celery, identify sources

of selection for each feature and their complex.

The method of researches. Experiments on the allocation of

resources to selection for biochemical composition (dry matter, fiber,

vitamin C, total sugar) in vegetable production plants of the family celery

conducted during 2010-2013 years [5, 6, 7]. © Cherkasova V.K., Shabetya O.M., 2014.

The work was carried out at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons

of NAAS under generally accepted methods and operating standards [3, 4].

Selective breeding ground consisted of ten samples dill, parsley ten

samples, four samples parsnips which were sown in early April in breeding

crop rotation at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons. The experiments

were conducted in the fields of the institute. Soil is medium loam humus.

In the laboratory using generally accepted methods of chemical analysis

products according to ISO at accredited laboratory (accreditation certificate is

№ 100-266/2012 from 18.10.2012) and statistically-mathematical variance

confidence interval for accuracy of the results [4, 5, 6, 7].

The results of researches. In 2011-2013 years was analyzed of

fragrant dill breeding nursery and laboratory of root and rare plants.

According to the research breeding nursery, which included of 10 samples

were drawn dill comparative characteristic biochemical parameters (Table

1). Standard grade is Kharkivskyy 85.

As a source for breeding in dry matter by years of research has been

allocated K-95 samples (15.66 %), K-97 (16.76 %), K-106 (16.14 %),

compared to the standard (15.07 %). In 2011 there was a slight increase in

dry matter content, which is caused by weather conditions year.

Total sugar over years of research has not significantly changed. The

best examples were: K-95 (2.32 %), K-97 (2.30 %), K-102 (2.44 %), K-105

(2.38 %), K-106 (2, 22 %) who were at the level of the standard and exceed

grade Kharkivskyy-85 (2.21 %).

For vitamin C, all samples were below the standard Kharkivskyy 85

(125.20 mg/100g), better than other sample proved to K-99

(118.35 mg/100 g).

For years of experiments the high fiber content is exposed samples

K-97 (9.39 %), K-99 (9.34 %), K-100 (9.75 %), K-106 (9.46 %) standard

Kharkivskiy 85 (9.00 %).

1. – Biochemical evaluation of fresh dill products, 2011-2013 years

Dry matter, % Total sugar, % Vitamin С, мг/100г Cellulose, %

№ of

cat.

2011

2012

2013

Х

2011

2012

2013

Х

2011

2012

2013

Х

2011

2012

2013

Х

К-175

Kh.

85 St

14,95 15,14 15,13 15,07 2,09 2,25 2,28 2,21 121,97 128,05 125,6 125,20 9,20 9,14 8,65 9,00

К-95 15,60 15,67 15,70 15,66 2,25 2,35 2,37 2,32 102,64 104,38 103,99 103,67 9,55 9,43 7,98 8,99

К-96 14,13 14,25 14,27 14,22 1,87 2,02 2,10 2,00 101,46 118,28 115,88 111,87 9,40 9,28 8,54 9,07

К-97 16,72 16,77 16,80 16,76 2,27 2,29 2,35 2,30 52,79 54,88 56,89 54,85 9,70 9,53 8,95 9,39

К-99 14,95 14,80 14,79 14,85 1,82 2,00 2,12 1,98 111,59 120,59 122,87 118,35 9,80 9,78 8,44 9,34

К-100 13,81 13,75 13,81 13,79 1,52 1,68 1,72 1,64 109,68 121,87 118,97 116,84 10,05 10,11 9,1 9,75

К-101 13,15 12,96 13,00 13,04 1,91 2,21 2,30 2,14 104,98 111,63 109,9 108,84 9,10 9,09 8,99 9,06

К-102 13,80 13,72 13,85 13,79 2,37 2,44 2,51 2,44 94,43 96,28 95,75 95,49 9,30 9,27 9,0 9,19

К-105 15,00 14,91 15,02 14,98 2,32 2,38 2,43 2,38 92,08 95,24 94,98 94,10 8,90 9,00 8,78 8,89

К-106 15,84 16,28 16,31 16,14 2,15 2,23 2,28 2,22 90,03 92,11 93 91,71 9,90 9,84 8,65 9,46

SSD 0,75 0,76 0,74 - 0,11 0,10 0,12 - 4,92 5,22 5,21 - 0,48 0,47 0,44 -

As a source for breeding of fragrant dill for biochemical signs can

recommend: K-97, K-95, K-99, K-106.

Analyzed parsley leaves breeding nursery and laboratory of root and

rare plants. According to the research breeding nursery, which included of

10 samples of parsley (Table 2) and 3 parsnips (Table 3, 4) was prepared

for comparative characteristic biochemical parameters.

For the dry matter content in the leaves of parsley allocated samples

K-275 (21.82 %), K-281 (22.05 %), K-251 (22.96 %), K-267 (23.71 %),

were higher than the standard variety Popelyushka (20.27 %).

The content of sugars allocated sample K-281 (1.92 %), other

samples were significantly below the standard (1.70 %), sample K-239

(1.72 %) was the same standards.

In terms of vitamin C sample K-238 (185.32 mg/100 g) was not

inferior to standard (189.65 mg/100 g), other samples were significantly

lower than 86.31 to 122.83 mg/100 g.

The content of β-carotene in leaves of parsley on years of research

was in parsley leaves (13.12-15.05 mg/100 g). It highlighted samples of

K-251 (14.22 mg/ 100 g), K-267 (14.02 mg/100 g), K-238

(14.66 mg/100 g), K-239 (15.05 mg/100 g), K-275 (14.84 mg/100 g),

K-281 (14.24 mg/100 g), which significantly exceeded the standard K-271

(13.80 mg/100 g).

As a source for selection for complex content of nutrients in the

leaves of parsley allocated samples of K-281, K-239, K-239, K-267, K-251,

K-275.

In 2011-2013 years was analyzed varietal selection parsnip of

samples (Table 3, 4). The analysis of vitamin C in samples was above

standard variety Petryk (8.63 mg/100 g).

Index of dry matter by 3 years is exceeded of standard (25.11 %) in

samples of K-28 and K-33, respectively (26.70 % and 27.53 %).

The content of total sugars in samples of roots parsnip was equally

standard (8.20 %).

The content of nitrates in samples parsnip was noted that they do not

exceed the MPC and just sample K-33 exceeded the standard (262 mg/kg)

to 43 mg.

2. – Biochemical evaluation of parsley leaves, 2010-2013 years

№ of

cataloge β- carotene, mg/100 g Dry matter, % Total sugar, % Ascorbic acid, mg/100 g

2011 2012 2013 Х 2011 2012 2013 Х 2011 2012 2013 Х 2011 2012 2013 Х

к-st271 13,4 14,01 13,98 13,80 20,03 20,00 20,78 20,27 1,77 1,64 1,82 1,70 172,56 197,2 199,2 189,65

к-251 12,99 14.65 15,02 14,22 22,99 22,86 23,02 22,96 1,19 1,08 1,16 1,17 78,27 89,3 96,3 87,96

к-267 13,44 14,12 14,43 14,02 23,68 23,70 23,74 23,71 1,57 1,62 1,58 1,59 113,53 117,5 120,3 117,11

к-269 12,76 13,45 13,16 13,12 20,12 20,19 20,22 20,18 1,48 1,43 1,52 1,48 160,59 181,3 1,79 114,56

к-238 14,15 14,89 14,93 14,66 20,63 20,58 20,70 20,64 1,35 1,28 1,37 1,33 173,74 192,8 189,5 185,35

к-274 13.45 13,76 13,90 13,70 20,33 20,34 20,42 20,36 1,48 1,56 1,53 1,52 116,58 127,2 124,7 122,83

к-239 15,02 14,90 15,23 15,05 20,20 20,26 20,31 20,26 1,65 1,74 1.70 1,72 97,09 103,7 112,4 104,40

к-3233 13,55 13,87 14,21 13,88 19,68 19,73 19,80 19,74 0,98 1,02 1,15 1,05 85,72 92,1 93,6 90,47

к-275 14,65 14,54 15,33 14,84 21,60 21,89 21,96 21,82 1,38 1,45 1.50 1,45 81,82 88,6 88,5 86,31

к-281 13,74 14,20 14,78 14,24 21,85 22,03 22,26 22,05 1,86 1,93 1.90 1,92 90,27 98,4 97,86 95,51

SSD05 0,32 0,34 0,34 - 0,63 0,67 0,68 - 0,07 0,07 0,08 - 2,07 2,21 2,18 -

3. – the content of vitamin C and dry matter in roots of parsnip,

2010-2013 years*

Vitamin С, mg/100 g Dry matter, %

№ of

cat.

2010

2011

2012

2013

Х

2010

2011

2012

2013

Х

К-29

st

8,47 8,53 8,35 9,17 8,63 25,26 24,88 25,31 24,98 25,11

К-28 9,14 9,23 9,22 9,30 9,22 26,68 26,53 26,78 26,80 26,70

К-33 8,91 9,07 9,10 9,02 9,03 27,37 27,54 27,61 27,83 27,59

SSD 0,08 0,09 0,09 0,10 - 0,60 0,62 0,65 0,66 -

4. – The content of total sugar and nitrate in roots of parsnip,

2010-2013 years*

Total sugar, % NO3-, mg/kg

№ of

cat.

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

Х

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

Х

К-29 st 7,39 7,51 8,24 8,20 7,84 260 218 273 297 262

К-28 7,81 7,93 8,04 8,23 8,00 227 243 258 300 257

К-33 7,96 8,07 8,19 8,18 8,10 244 220 309 450 305

SSD 0,10 0,12 0,12 0,14 - 11,3 10,8 12,6 13,6 -

As a source for selection is the recommended K-28 in total sugar

(8.23 %), vitamin C (9.30 %), dry matter (26.70 %) and nitrates

(257 mg/kg).

Conclusions.

As a source for breeding dill for biochemical signs can recommend:

K-97, K-95, K-99, K-106.

As a source for selection for complex content of nutrients in the

leaves of parsley is recommended samples K-281, K-239, K-239, K-267,

K-251, K-275.

As a source for breeding are recommended in roots of parsnip K-28

in total sugar (8.23 %), vitamin C (9.30 %), dry matter (26.70 %) and

nitrates (257 mg/kg).

Bibliography.

1. Kretovych V. А. Osnovy biokhimii rasteniy / V. А. Кretovych. –

М. : Vysshaya shkola, 1980. – 448 s.

2. Sazonova L. V. Korneplodnye rasteniya: morkov, selderey,

petrushka, pasternak, redis, redka / L. V. Sazonova, E. А. Vlasova. –

Leningrad : Аgropromizdat, 1990. – S. 260-267.

3. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvі / [Zа




5. Produkty pererabotki plodov I ovoshchey // Metody opredeleniya

vitamina C : GOSТ 24556-89 (mezhgosudarstvennyy standart). – [Data vvedeniya

v deystvie – 1990-01-01]. – M. : IPК Izdatelstvo standartov, 2003. – 10 s.

6. Produkty pererabotki plodov I ovoshchey // Metody opredeleniya sukhikh

veshchestv I vlagi: GOSТ 28561-90 (mezhgosudarstvennyy standart). – [Data

vvedeniya v deystvie – 1991-07-01]. – M . : IPК Izdatelstvo standartov, 2003. – 9 с.

7. Zagalnyy tsukor – metodika MOZ-2001.

8. Ermakov A. I. Metody biokhimicheskogo issledovaniya rasteniy /

А. I. Ermakov / – Л. : Аgropromizdat, 1972. – S. 107-109.

В.К. Черкасова, О.H. Шабетя

Биохимический потенциал сортообразцов овощных растений

семейства Сельдерейных.

Резюме. Высветлено результаты исследований 2010-2013 гг.,

биохимического состава свежей продукции сортообразцов овощных

культур семейства зонтичных, по составу сухого вещества, общего

сахара витамина С, клетчатки, нитратов и выделено источники для

селекции.

Черкасова В.К., Шабетя О.М.

Біохімічний потенціал сортозразків овочевих рослин родини

Селерових.

Резюме. Висвітлено результати досліджень 2010-2013 рр.

біохімічного складу свіжої продукції сортозразків овочевих рослин

родини Селерові, за вмістом сухої речовини, загального цукру,

вітаміну С, клітковини, нітратів та виділено джерела для селекції.


UDC: 635.6:006.83:[631.526.3+631.527.5] (477-292.485)

V.M. Chernetskyi, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,

Head of the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Production,

farm produce storage and processing technology,

Academician of Academy of Higher Education of Ukraine,

O.А. Kostyuk, Assistant,

R.V. Kostyuk, Mechanic at Private Company,

O.O. Vlasyik, Student

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University

CHANGES OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PRODUCT

QUALITY VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF COMMON

BEAN VEGETABLE FABA VULGARIS MILL. FOREST

CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE

The results of investigation of customer value formation of green

bean varieties and hybrids of vegetable bean. It is established that the

conditions of right-bank Forest-steppe Ukraine sort Karadag and hybrids

Green lowland F1 and Bacchus F1 characterized by a high content of green

beans biologically active substances.

Keywords: consumption value, green bean, protein content.

Introduction. In the world there is the problem of supplying

population with food products during the year. One of the means to solve

this problem is growing vegetable plants, vegetable bean, in particular. The

vegetable bean (Faba vulgaris Mill.) is a valuable bean plant [1]. Beans

contain large amount of protein and fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron,

magnesium, carotene, as well as vitamins A, B1, B2, C, Е. Bean does

contain cholesterol, and therefore it is advised to use at diseases of

circulatory system. It also regulates activity of digestion system – due to

fiber it significantly accelerates the process of metabolism, thus it is widely

used in diets.

Given bean plant is important for people food, thanks to high content

© Chernetskyy V.M., Kostyuk O.O., Kostyuk R.V., Vlasyuk O.O., 2014.

of protein and complex of irreplaceable amino acids. Main components of

dry matter are sugar, protein, fiber; ash contains mineral salts of calcium,

potassium, phosphorus, iron, manganese etc. In recent years vegetable bean

began to be used for getting structural plant proteins, which in their turn,

are meat substitutes [2]. It should be mentioned that vegetable bean plays

one of the most important roles in the structure of cultivated area of

vegetable plants in countries of North America, Poland, Germany, and

Portugal [3]. In Ukraine bean is spread mostly at household plots. Such

economically-valuable indicators as high yield capacity, long storage life

and high transportability lead to its spreading. Bean is an essential raw

material in processing industry.

In Ukraine many leading specialists studied elements of vegetable

bean growing technology, among them O. Y. Barabash, who described the

importance of bean production and its food value in farming. Among

modern domestic and foreign scientists, amateur farmers, O.S. Bolotskikh

is the one, who describes bean varieties [4].

Modern approach in the development of growing technology of the

given plant is used by Z.D. Sytch and V.B. Kutovenko [5] and other

scientists. Among foreigners the most popular articles wrote D.A. Bond,

studying bean plants [6].

The aim of research – in terms to establish the impact of the varietal

characteristics of bean vegetable on quality indicators for the formation of

green beans at the right bank of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The method of researches. The research was carried out in 2010-

2012 years on the experimental field of Botanical garden “Podillya” of the

department of fruit and vegetable production, farm produce storage and

processing technology of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. It should

be mentioned that in general for the years of the research, optimal

temperature conditions for the vegetable bean plant development during the

sowing period have formed – full sprouts (+ 8,6..+ 9,6 оС); full sprouts –

budding (+ 13,2…+ 16,8 оС); budding –formation of green beans

(+ 15,6…+ 18,9 оС). During the experiment varieties and hybrids of

vegetable bean were studied:

1. Karadag (standard)

2. Ukrainski slobidski

3. Karmazin F1

4. Zeleni nyzynni F1

5. Bahus F1

Varieties and hybrids refer to the average group of ripening. Variety

Karadag was taken for the standard. The seed during the experiment was sown

in the 2nd

decade of April, using the row method with the inter-row spacing of

45 cm. Field experiments were carried out in accordance with training manuals

in vegetable growing and agronomy [7-9]. Beans were stored at the technical

rate of ripening with the further determining of content of chemical

components by the generally-accepted methods [10-13].

The results of researches. In order to determine the adaptability of

varieties and hybrids to certain soil and climatic conditions, besides

determining the level of plant productivity, it is essential to account the

important indicators of product quality, the main of which are product

marketability and the content of valuable substances. At the same time, an

advantage should be taken not only for highly productive varieties and

hybrids, but also those, which are characterized by high content of valuable

substances in the products.

In the result of the research, characteristics of vegetable bean

varieties and hybrids by the content of main biochemical indicators in the

products in conditions of their growing in Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

are determined (Table 1).

In average for the years of the research, hybrid Bahus F1 stands out

by protein content in beans (24.0 %). But given hybrid didn’t differ much

from Karadag variety and hybrids Zeleni nyzynni F1 and Karmazin F1, in

which the content of protein in beans was 23.4-23.7 %. Protein content in

beans of Ukrainski slobidski variety was 22.7 %, which was the lowest

among the researched varieties and hybrids.

High content of fat in beans was also noted in hybrid Bahus F1

(1.20 %). Hybrid Zeleni nyzynni F1, varieties of Karadag and Ukrainski

slobidski were characterized by the increased content of fat in beans (1.13-

1.16 %), which didn’t differ much from hybrid Bahus F1 by the given

indicator.

1. – Biochemical indicators of vegetable bean products of different varieties

and hybrids (average for 2010-2012 years)

Content in green beans, % Variety, hybrid

pro

tein

fat

fib

er

caro

ten

e,

mg

/100

g

hydro

scop

i

c m

ois

ture

ash

Karadag (st) 23,4 1,13 21,6 6,6 11,1 5,73

Ukrainski slobidski 22,7 1,13 19,4 6,5 10,6 5,40

Zeleni nyzynni F1 23,4 1,16 21,7 6,5 10,7 5,57

Bahus F1 24,0 1,20 22,1 7,2 10,5 5,60

Karmazin F1 23,7 1,11 20,9 6,7 11,1 5,40

SSD0,95 by the years

2,34

2,12

2,24

0,12

0,11

0,10

2,11

2,04

1,93

0,43

0,51

0,58

0,96

0,86

0,81

0,44

0,47

0,49

By the content of starch in beans hybrid Bahus F1 (22.1 %), hybrid

Zeleni nyzynni F1 (21.7 %) and variety Karadag (21.6 %) are allocated.

Variety Ukrainski slobidski and hybrid Karmazin F1 are characterized by

low content of starch in beans (19.4 and 20.95 accordingly).

Significantly higher content of carotene in comparison with the

standard is noted only in hybrid Bahus F1; at the same time, in average

beans contained 7.2 mg/100 g of carotene with the values of the given

indicator of other varieties and hybrids being 6.5-6.7 mg/100 g.

Beans contained 10.5-11.1 % of hydroscopic moisture, which didn’t

depend much on the variety and hybrid. Ash content in beans also didn’t

change significantly, but a positive trend to raising of the given indicator of

variety Karadag (5.73 %), hybrids Zeleni nyzynni F1 (5.57 %) and Bahus F1

(5.60 %) was noted.

Conclusions. Thus, the variety of Karadag and hybrids Zeleni

nyzynni F1 and Bahus F1 are allocated by indicators of content of valuable

substances in beans in conditions of growing vegetable bean varieties and

hybrids in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.

Bibliography.

1. Bolotskikh А. S. Nastolnaya kniga ovoshchevoda /

А. S. Bolotskikh. – 2005. – 28 s.

2. Barabash O. Yu. Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo / [Barabash O. Yu.,

Tsyz О. М., Leontev O. P., Gontar V. Т.]. – К. : 2000. – 152 s.

3. Cubero J. I. Evolutionary trends in Vicia faba. / J. I. Cubero //

Theoretical and Applied Genetics. – 1973. – P. 59-65.

4. Bolotskikh А. S. Boby ovoshchye / А. S. Bolotskikh //

Ovoshchevodstvо. – 2006. – № 11. – S. 32-35.

5. Sych Z. D. Novyy vysokoproduktyvnyy vykhidnyy material bobu

ovochevogo dlya oderzhannya zelenogo goroshku / Z. D. Sych,

V. B. Kutovenkо // Informatsiynyy lystok: Kyivskyy derzhavnyy tsentr

naukovo-tekhnichnoi і ekonomichnoi informatsii (КyivTSNТЕІ). – 2010. – 4 s.

6. Bond D. A. Steuckardt Production of pea, faba bean and chickpea

in Europe / D. A. Bond, L. Monti. – 1988. – Р. 1065-1080.

7. Moyseychenko V. F. // Osnovy naukovykh doslidzhen v agrokhimii /

V. F. Moyseychenko, V. О. Eshchenkо. – К. : Vyshcha shkola, 1994. – 334 s.

8. Dospekhov B. А. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami

statisticheskoy obrabotki rezultatov issledovaniy) / B. A. Dospekhov. – М. :

Аgropromizdat, 1985. – 351 s.

9. Metodyka doslidnoi spravy v ovochivnytstvi I bashtannytstvi / [Za


10. Коrmа, коmbikormа, коmbikormovое syre. Metody

opredeleniya syroy kletchatki : GOSТ 13496.2-91. – [Vzamen GOST

13496,2-80 ; vved.01.01.92.]. – М. : Goskomstandart SSSR, 1991. – 8 s.

11. Kormy dlya tvaryn. Vyznachennya vmistu azotu: obchyslennya

vmistu syrogo bilka metodom К'eldalya : DSTU ISO 5983-2003. –

[Rozroblenyy vpershe; vved. 01.01.04.] – К. : Derzhspozhyvstandart

Ukrainy, 2003. – 18 s. – (Natsionalnyy standart Ukrainy).

12. Kormy dlya tvaryn. Vyznachennya vmistu zhyru : DSTU ISO

6492 – 2003. – [Na zaminu GOST 13496.15-97; vved. 01.01.2004.]. – К. :

Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy, 2003. – 19 s. – (Natsionalnyy standart

Ukrainy).

13. Kormy dlya tvaryn. Vyznachennya vmistu syroi zoly: DSTU ISO

5984: 2004. − [Rozroblenyy vpershe; vved. 01.01.2006] − К. :

Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy, 2005. – 4 s. – (Natsionalnyy standart

Ukrainy).

В.М. Чернецкий, А.А. Костюк, Р.В. Костюк, О.О. Власюк

Изменение биохимических показателей качества продукции

сортов и гибридов боба овощного Faba Vulgaris Mill. в условиях

Лесостепи Украины.

Резюме. Приведены результаты исследования формирования

потребительской ценности зеленых бобов сортов и гибридов боба

овощного. Установлено, что для условий правобережной Лесостепи

Украины сорт Карадаг и гибриды Зеленые низменные F1 и Бахус F1

характеризуются высоким содержанием в зеленых бобах

биологически активных веществ.

В.М. Чернецький, О.О. Костюк, Р.В. Костюк, О.О. Власюк

Зміна біохімічних показників якості продукції сортів і гібридів

бобу овочевого Faba Vulgaris Mill. в умовах Лісостепу України.

Резюме. Наведено результати дослідження формування

споживчої цінності зелених бобів сортів та гібридів бобу овочевого.

Встановлено, що для умов правобережного Лісостепу України сорт

Карадаг та гібриди Зелені низинні F1 і Бахус F1 характеризуються

високим вмістом в зелених бобах біологічно активних речовин.


UDC: 635.649:631.527

О.М. Shabetya, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences,

E.V. Zinchenko, Sciences Researcher


THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE BREEDING OF

GENETIC FUND OF EGGPLANT

The results were to determine the composition and breeding values

genetic fund of eggplant. It was found variability of commercial signs in the

collections of samples and correlations between quantitative characteristics

that allow evaluating and maintaining selection by indirect indicators.

Keywords: genetic resources, genetic fund, collection, structure of

genetic fund, sample collection, eggplant, volatility, correlation.

Introduction. Collection and preservation of genetic diversity of plants is

crucial both for individual countries and for mankind as a whole. The

implementation of breeding programs, whose ultimate goal is primarily solve

food, general economic and even social problems is impossible without reliable

sources of original material, which are banks of plant genetic resources.

Collections of genetic resources are of great scientific and educational and

informative value. Currently of Ukraine breeders face the challenge to create

varieties and hybrids of vegetable plants with complex agronomic traits, the

main ones: high efficiency, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, high quality

of product and competitive ability in market conditions. The solution of such

problems is impossible without a diverse, well-rounded knowledge of the

material studied inheritance and variability features [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. It is

therefore important to conduct analysis of existing genetic fund of eggplant by

category and origin of collection of samples, identification of breeding values of

the samples.

The aim and objectives of the research. In Ukraine, the formation of

the National genetic bank of vegetable and melon plants was started in

1992. In order to optimize the composition and volume of the National

genetics bank, purposeful replenishment, efficient use and conservation of

valuable genetic fund of collections are formed gene fund. In our studies © Shabetya О.М., Zinchenkо E.V., 2014.

was the goal is a comprehensive assessment of collection material,

determine its adaptive potential breeding value and selection of sources with

a set of business features, the most important of which are: high

performance, precocity, disease resistance, high quality of products and high

adaptivity.

The method of researches. Experiments were laid by methods «The

plots and schemes of seeding selection of variety testing and primary seed

of vegetable crops» [8], «Methods of experimental work in Vegetables and

Melons» [9], «Methods of field experience in Vegetables and Melons» [10].

Assessment of samples of collections of biological and morphological

characteristics was performed according to the «Methodology of guidelines

for the study and the maintenance of the collection», «Methods of

examination grades on uneven, uniformity and stability (UUS)» [11].

Technology of collection samples, soil tillage and care of eggplant plants

was carried out according to agreed guidelines for the agricultural region.

The results of researches. The composition of collection of eggplant.

The research was formed eggplant basic collection, which includes

344 sample collections. The collection is represented by botanical species:

Solanum melongena L., Solanum sisymbrifolium Lam., Solanum

aethiopicum L., Solanum linnaeum L., Solanum anguivi Lam., Solanum

ovigerum L. (Solanum melongena primitive form); and subspecies:

Solanum melongena ssp. orentale Fil., Solanum melongena ssp. occidentate

Haz., Solanum melongena ssp. subspotanum Fil. We have defined the

collection by category of samples (Fig. 1). It was found that the largest

group by number of breeding varieties of foreign countries is 142 samples.

The interest for breeding for early maturity and cold resistance are

examples of east-asian subspecies of Japanese and Chinese selection. The

second largest group is breeding lines are mainly of Ukrainian origin.

Fig. 1. The composition of collection of samples of

eggplant by category (data prior to 2012 year)

On the whole variety of samples eggplant was conducted

comprehensive three-year evaluation fully analyzed, compiled "Product of

eggplant gene fund" and included in the passport database 344 sample of

collections from 31 countries (Table 1).

Research has found that in our gene pool eggplant formed the largest

group in number of samples of Ukrainian origin; it is 28.5 % of the total

sample of collection. The second largest group of n sample selection is 21

%. Enough is widely represented in the gene pool of eggplant samples

selection Japan is 13.5 %. Collection samples from China is 20 pcs., which

is about 6 %; examples of Italian origin (17 pcs.) – ~ 5 %; samples from

Germany (16 pcs.) – 4.5 %; samples from France (13 pcs.) – ~ 4.0 %. The

total collection up 1 to 2 % of features samples from India, Spain,

Moldova, Netherlands, Romania and the United States. Collectible samples

of other 15 countries are about 5.5 % and with less than 0.5 % of each

country.

2-28 samples, 9 % 5-6 samples, 2 % 4-87 samples, 28 %

1 – Breeding varieties of foreign countries

2 – Breeding varieties of Ukraine

3 – Local varieties and forms

4 – Selection lines

5 – Wild species

1. – The composition of collection of origin eggplant

(data prior to 2012 year)

Country-originator № p/p code names

Number of collection of

samples

% of the total number

1 AFG Afghanistan 1 <0,5

2 ARM Armenia 1 <0,5

3 AZE Azerbaijan 1 <0,5

4 BDI Burundi 1 <0,5

5 BGR Bulgaria 4 ~1,0

6 CAN Canada 4 ~1,0

7 CHN China 20 ~6,0

8 COL Colombia 1 <0,5

9 DEU Germany 16 ~4,5

10 EGY Egypt 1 <0,5

11 ESP Spain 4 ~1,0

12 FRA France 13 ~4,0

13 GBR Great Britain 1 <0,5

14 GEO Georgia 1 <0,5

15 HUN Hungary 1 <0,5

16 IND India 11 ~3,0

17 ITA Italy 17 ~5,0

18 JPN Japan 47 ~13,5

19 MDA Moldova 4 ~1,0

20 MYS Malaysia 1 <0,5

21 NLD Netherlands 6 ~2,0

22 PAK Pakistan 1 <0,5

23 PRT Portugal 1 <0,5

24 PSE Palestine 1 <0,5

25 ROU Romania 3 ~1,0

26 RUS Russia 72 ~21,0

27 TKM Turkmenistan 1 <0,5

28 TUR Turkey 3 ~1,0

29 UKR Ukraine 98 ~28,5

30 USA USA 5 ~1,5

31 YUG Serbia 2 0,5

Breeding value of collection of eggplant.

We have conducted a comprehensive assessment of gene fund

eggplant. Given the morphological characteristics of bio culture of eggplant

and the results of the experimental data points were identified targeted

introductions collection of samples for the valuable economic grounds. The

analysis of the origin of early maturity of sources found that early ripe

eggplant samples, and with the highest manifestation of this property by 56

% originate mainly from the Far East – Japan, China and India, which are

centers of early mature forms and several of other crops. Of early examples

single ripe of these five plants are originating from other countries with

traditionally high levels of horticulture – Moldova, Hungary, Netherlands,

France, Italy, USA and others. To expand the genetic basis of economic

evidence varieties and hybrids of eggplant is most effectively involve

related species – Solanum dulcamara L., Solanum macrocarpon L., Solanum

sisymbriifolium Tam, Solanum aethiopicum L., Solanum dulcamara, Solanum

sodomaeum, Solanum Incanum L., which are concentrated in genetics bank in

Germany, the Netherlands and other countries. According to the results of a

comprehensive evaluation was isolated sources of economic evidence on

productivity (stable signs "yield" of about 30 t/ha); for early maturity (duration

"and technical maturity ladder" to 105 days); for resistance to fading; heat

resistance.

For the duration of interphase period "ladder-technical maturity" sample

collection of eggplant we were divided into 5 groups: early ripe (100-110

days); medium early (111-120 days), medium ripe (121-130 days), medium

late (131-140 days) and late mature (over 141 days). For breeding for early

maturity, we have the selection of the earliest examples, the length of the

ladder and technical maturity which has not exceeded 100 days (Fig. 2).

5 samples, 1 %

12 samples, 4 %

31 samples, 10 %

44 samples, 14 %

52 samples, 17 %

210 samples, 67 %

0 50 100 150 200 250

Very early

Еarly ripe

Medium early

Medium ripe

Medium late

Late mature

to 100 days 101-110 days 111-120 days

121-130 days 131-140 days >141 day

Fig. 2. Distribution of sample collection eggplant groups of maturity

Analysis of the gene fund already conducted on the basis of eggplant

"The growing season" proved that most variability (in years) period "stairs

and technical maturity" is noted in samples belonging to the group of early

ripe, while the coefficient of variation in samples of group did not exceed

13 %, and in later – 5 %. Overall, the impact of external factors on the basis

of "early maturity" is negligible. We already designed rank correlation

coefficient equal to 0.97, thereby reducing the preliminary assessment of

breeding material on this feature.

As a result of our research most of the analyzed samples had already

unstable display of signs "yield" signs manifestation of this nature provided

a set of complex environments and genetic factors, and unstable climatic

conditions in the Kharkiv region influence factors on sign of "productivity"

was so great that sometimes superior gene type effects and complicated the

assessment and selection of reliable source material for breeding. Already

reveal the existence of different regulations on reaction conditions, the

cultivation.

We have made collection of eggplant distribution in terms of

productivity. Yields have analyzed of samples of eggplant distinguished by

high variability. According to the research collection of in eggplant

majority of samples (82 samples collection, 26 %) were stable with low

productivity. Samples with low and unstable unstable average yield were

around 63 samples (20 %). Samples with unstable high and stable yield

high levels were 38 collection samples – 12 % and 16 collection samples –

5 % respectively of the total number of samples collection of.

Traditionally used in Ukraine fruits of eggplant, which are cylindrical

(or close to it) form of black and purple, dark purple, violet fetus with bright,

white or creamy-white dense fruit pulp. The collection of eggplant is almost

any color of fruits, black and purple, dark purple, green and violet (and with

increasing degree of light intensity increases violet), white and purple, white

and purple striped, white and pink, white, gray, red (in wild species) and green

striped. The latter is usually responsible small oval fruit some examples of

semi wild species of flesh have green color and bitter taste. Specific features of

eggplant are bitter fruit, which accumulates in the fruit during full ripeness.

Currently, most existing varieties and hybrids are not bitter, and are suitable for

use in any of the phases of maturity. A substance that gives the bitterness is

solanine M consists of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, S31N51NO12. It

was found a direct link between the presence of solanine M and green color

fruit pulp. Lack of solanine M can be determined by bright - color white fruit

pulp that is not dark in furthering some time after cutting. According to our

observations it was shown that an increase in fruit solanine M results of high

temperature (over 30 °C) and lack of moisture in the soil.

According to the analysis of complex estimation 314 collection

samples of eggplant, we have defined the basic features of variability

(Table 2).

2. – Variability major signs collection samples of

gene fund of eggplant, (2001-2010 years)

The coefficient of variation,%

Indicator Vmin±Sv Vmax±Sv

The duration "stairs-technical maturity", days 4,0±0,2 13,0±0,9

The yield, t/ha 18,9±1,1 71,5±6,2

The weight of the fetus, g 10,3±0,9 31,9±2,1

The number of fruits per plant, pcs. 14,8±0,7 23,9±1,8

The dry matter content, % 7,4±0,4 17,2±0,5

We have determined that the variability of characteristics such as

"duration of stairs-technical maturity" and "Dry matter content" is not

significant. Therefore, the preliminary assessment is sufficient to reliably

determine the level of manifestation of these attributes.

Has conduct analysis of correlations between different characteristics

of eggplant proved the existence of medium and weak conjugation between

of them. On the one hand it allows selection by circumstantial evidence; on

the other hand, this does not preclude the creation of forms that combine

various desirable characteristics (Table 3).

3. – The correlation coefficients between traits eggplant,

(average of 3 years of studies)

Indicator

Indicator 1 2 3 4 5 6

1. The duration "stairs-technical maturity"

2. Productivity of 1 plant

0,19±0,15

3. The weight of the fruit

0,32±0,16 0,59±0,16

4. Number of fruits per plant

0,38±0,17 0,58±0,17 -0,42±0,20

5. Cold resistance

-0,62±0,14 0,15±0,10 -0,19±0,16 0,15±0,12

6. Heat resistance

0,18±0,15 0,21±0,11 0,37±0,11 0,18±0,15 0,14±0,12

7. Content of

dry matter

0,17±0,12 0,39±0,18 -0,29±0,16 0,41±0,14 0,49±0,17 0,54±0,21

Note: significantly of level to 0.95 %

Conclusions. Classic metrics combined with system analysis has

helped to organize the variety of eggplant genetic fund of. According to the

results of a comprehensive evaluation of collection samples in terms of the

Left-bank of Forest-steppe of Ukraine was defined breeding value of gene

fund of eggplant. It was found variability of commercial signs in the

collection and display of signs influence on abiotic factors. Were

determined correlations between quantitative characteristics that allow

evaluating and maintaining selection by indirect of indicators.

Bibliography.

1. Pustovalova S. V. otsenka perspktivnykh oranzhevoplodnykh liniy

tomata po kachestvy plodov / S. V. Pustovalovа, V. I. Kozak // Geneticheskie

resursy kulturnykh rasteniy v XXI vekе: mezhdunar. ІІ Vavilovskaya konf.,

26-30 noyab. 2007 g. : tezisy dokl. – S.-P. : VIR, 2007. – S. 582-583.

2. Sudin V. М. Vyvchennya zrazkiv natsionalnoi kolektsii rysu z

metoyu vykorystannya v selektsiynomu protsesi / V. М. Sudin,

Z. Z. Petkevych // Genetychni resursy roslyn. – Kh., 2005. – № 2. – S. 129-

134.

3. Ternovyy Yu. V. Osoblyvosti otsinky kolektsiynykh zrazkiv

morkvy stolovoi v zoni Lisostepu / Yu. V. Ternovyy // Metodologicheskie

osnovy formirovaniya, vedeniya I ispolzovaniya kollektsiy geneticheskikh

resursov rasteniy. Geneticheskie resursy ovoshchnykh, bakhchevykh kultur

I kartofelya : mezhdunarod. simpozium, 2-4 оktyabrya 1996 g.: tezisy dokl.

– Kh. : IR im. V. Ya. Yureva, 1996. – С. 199.

4. Tymchuk V. М. Novye podkhody k rabote s kollektsyonnym

genofondom luka repchatogo / [Nymchuk V. М., Shabetya V. V.,

Ivchenko T. V., Buryakovskiy D. L.] // Metodologicheskie osnovy

formirovaniya, vedeniya I ispolzovaniya kollektsiy geneticheskikh resursov

rasteniy. Geneticheskie resursy ovoshchnykh, bakhchevykh kultur I

kartofelya : mezhdunarod. simpozium, 2-4 оktyabrya 1996 g.: tezisy dokl.

– Kh. : IR im. V. Ya. Yureva, 1996. – С. 200.

5. Kharchenko Yu. V. Genetychni resursy stokolosu bezostogo – dzherelo

tsinnykh oznak dlya selektsii / Kharchenko Yu. V., Kocherga V. Ya., Pidvezko V. V.

// Genetychni rasursy roslyn. – Kh., 2008. – № 6. – S. 123-128.

6. Kholod S. G. Rol genetychnykh resursiv roslyn dlya selektsiynoi

roboty z prosom / S. G. Kholod // Nauchnye trudy uchenykh Krymskogo

gosudarstvennogo agrotechnologicheskogo universiteta. – Simferopol, 2005. –

Vyp. 91. – S. 179-184.

7. Shtepa L. Yu. Genofond riznovydnosti petrushky dlya selektsii na

yakist produktsii / Shtepa L. Yu., Gorovа Т. К., Stovbir О. P. // Genetychni

rasursy roslyn. – Kh., 2010. – № 8. – S. 186-192.

8. Delyanki I skhemy poseva v selektsii, sortoispytanii I pervichnom

semenovodstve ovoshchnykh kultur / [Pod red. V. Yu. Goncharenko]. –

М. : Коlos, 1979. – 15 s.


[Pod red. V. F. Belikа]. – М. : Аgropromizdat, 1992. – 311 s.

10. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po izucheniyu I podderzhaniyu

mirovoy kollektsii ovoshchnykh paslen. kultur (tomaty, pertsy,

baklazhany). – L. : VIR, 1977. – 36 s.

11. Metodyka provedennya ekspertyzy sortiv na vidmitnist,

odnoridnist ta stabilnist (VOS) / [Pid red. V. V. Volkodava]. – К. : Min.

Agropolityky Ukrainy, 2004. – 252 s.

О.Н. Шабетя., Е.В. Зинченко

Состав и селекционная ценность генофонда баклажана.

Резюме. Представлены результаты анализа состава коллекций

овощных и бахчевых растений генофонда Украины. Определён состав

коллекционных образцов по категориям и по происхождению.

Предложены пути целенаправленного пополнения и эффективного

использования генофонда.

О.М. Шабетя, Є.В. Зінченко

Склад і селекційна цінність генофонду баклажана.

Резюме. Представлені результати по визначенню складу та

селекційної цінності генофонду баклажана. Встановлено мінливість

цінних господарських ознак у колекціях зразків та кореляційні

залежності між кількісними ознаками, які дозволяють оцінювати та

вести добір за непрямими показниками.


UDC: 635. 611:631.5

K.M. Shevchuk, Job Seeker

Uman National University of Horticulture

STUDDING RANGE OF VARIETIES OF MELON

FOR GROWING IN CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN

STEPPE OF UKRAINE

It is present the results of studding the rangeof varieties of melon in

conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine usingthe drip irrigation. It is

proved that for high yields, economic and energy efficiency it is necessary

to grow hybrids Konstanta F1 and Roksolana F1, and varietyTitovka.

Keywords: melon, varieties, hybrids, plant biometrics, assimilation

surface, yield, quality of fruits.

Introduction.The vegetables contain antioxidants that affect

intracellular fat content and thereby keep the cells and the entire body from

premature wear, aging and disease [1]. Special place belongs

togroundsamong the vegetables in this regard and especially watermelons,

melons and pumpkins.

Melon is valued by the subtlety of flavor and sugar content of the fruit.

The pulp of the fruit contains 6-18,5 % dry matter, 18-21 % sugar, 3-7 %

cellulose and hemicelluloses, 1-4,5 % pectin, vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, carotene,

pantothenic and folic acid. The fruit is rich by mineral elements [2].

The variety have from 30 % to 50 % of influence among the different

elements of growing technology and in extreme weather conditions

(drought, disease epiphytotics) to variety is given a crucial role [3].

Proper selection of the range of varietieslets increase productivity,

improve the quality of the receiving product, extend its income to the

consumer [3]. The necessarily is present for varieties and hybrids study and

select better ones for Southern Steppe of Ukraine since range of varieties

always renovate.

The aim of research. To determine the characteristics of growth and

yield formation of melon depend of variety or hybrid in conditions of

Southern Steppe of Ukraine. © Shevchuk K.M., 2014.

The method of researches. Research was conducted during 2005-

2007 years on the fields of the village Tarasivka Tsurupinskyi district,

Kherson region.

The soil of research field is dark brown, and slightly salty, sandy.

The humus content is 0.8 %. The reaction of soil solution is close to neutral

(pH 6.7). Content of available nutrition in soil are 0.6 mg/100 g of soil

nitrogen, 5.9 and 32.5 mg/100 g of soil phosphorus and potassium

respectively.

The climate is warm, moderately continental. According to Kherson

CMC during the studies the average temperature was 10.3-12.2 оC, and the

sum of effective temperatures above 10 оC is 1672.2-1989.2

оC with higher

rates in 2007.

The average sum of rainfall is 441 mm. Most of them accounted for

the period May-September – 214 mm or 48.5 %. Annual sum of rainfall in

2005-2007 was 466,8 mm, 321,2 mm and 318,9 mm respectively.

The research was conducted according to the "Methods of Research in

Vegetables and Melons" [4]. The leaf surface was determined using a log

scale, measuring the length and width of the leaf and using a shape coefficient.

The coefficient was determined for each variety. For variety Beregynya it was

1,25, for variety Lada it was 1,30; for variety Titovka it was 1,29; for hybrid

Konstanta F1 it was 1,14 and for hybrid Roksolana F1 it was 1,18 [5].

The yield accounting was conducted selectively while fruit ripening

from each plot separately. The lab trials includes definition of brix,

titratable acidity calculated as hydroxysuccinic acid, total contain of sugar

and vitamin C.

The received data were treated statistically by dispersive and correlation

analysis [6]. The economical melon growing efficiency was calculated in

accordance with the technological maps, which were compiled according to

the material costs of crop growing. Bioenergy assessment was conducted

according to the method of O. S. Bolotskikh and M. M. Dovgal.

The trial of study of the range of varieties includesnext variants:

varieties Beregynya, Lada, Titovka (control) and hybrids Konstanta F1,

Roksolana F1, which were incorporated4 repetitions. The accounting plot

surface is 40.32 m2.

In the trial plants were grown by seedlings method. Seedlings were

grown in the cassette with size of cells 4.5 x 4.5 cm. The age of seedlings

before planting was 30 days. The scheme of planting in soil was

0.4 + 2.4 х 0.7 m. Black plastic was used for the mulching. Irrigation was

done by using drip irrigation.

The results of researches. It is observed consistent patternof

influence of research range of varieties due to the average plant biometrics.

The varieties had smaller length of the main stem. 30 days from planting of

seedlings it was 0.72-0.83 m, 90 days it was 1.20-1.22 m. The hybrids had

next numbers: 0.92-0.96 m and 1.41 m accordance, which are significantly

higher than control (SSD05 = 0.04 and 0.09 accordance) (Table 1).

The variety Beregynya has 8.74 m and the hybrid Roksolana F1 has

9.73 m what were significantly differed from other varieties due to the total

length of shoots in the first period (30 days from planting).The consistent

pattern was remained in second period in varieties Beregynya and Titovka

was 36.46 m and 35.72 min accordance, in hybrid Roksolana F1was

36.93 m. The numbers were significantly lower in variety Lada (28.69 m)

and hybrid Konstanta F1 (24.05 m). The root collar was thicker in hybrids.

It was 13.2 mm and 13.4 мм in the first period and 17.3 mm and 17.1 mm

in second one.

It is was found that plants of melon is producing the shoots during

vegetation period from first to third ranges due to the result of assigning of

branching structure (2007). Grade of branching was different in research range

of varieties. Titovka had 98 shoots per plant what was highest. The hybrid

Konstanta F1 with longer main stem had the lowest grade (98 shoots per plant).

In grade Lada also marked by weak branching shoots – their number

by 35% compared to control, especially first-order branching. Of the

studied hybrids stronger branching and growth of shoots was observed in

hybrid Roksolana F1. The variety Lada had low shoots branching. Their

number was 35 % less compared to control. It is observed higher shoots

branching in hybrid Roxolan F1 among research range of varieties.

It if found that variety Titovka and hybrid Roksolana F1had more

intensive growth of plants. It was fixed that variety Ladaweaker vegetative

growth and assimilation surface was smaller as result of forming less

number of leaves. Average leaf area was significantly lower with the

increase in the number of leaves within 90 days from the date of

transplanting (Table 2).

The number of leaves per plant 30 days from planting time in hybrid

Konstanta F1 was 98 pcs due to the average numbers. It was the smallest

number among the research variants, but this hybrid the biggest leaf area

(75.9 cm2). The hybrid Roksolana F1 had the biggest total assimilation surface

8.8 ths. m2/ha what significantly higher than control. It also had the biggest

leaves number (118 pcs.) and surface ofleaf (70.5 cm2).

The number of leaves was 107 pcs./plant due to the variety

Beregynya, it was 116 pcs/plant due to the variety Lada and it was

105 pcs/plant due to the variety Titovka. The surface of leaf was equal to

67.5 cm2 63.4 cm

2 and 69.7 cm

2 accordance and assimilation surface per 1

hectare was 7.6 ths. m2; 8.0 ths. m

2 and 7.5 ths. m

2 accordance.

The number of leaves was increased during next 60 days and it was

from 368 pcs. to 439 pcs. depended from research variant. It is observed

decreasing of leaf surface at 51.2-55.3 % with bigger number due to the

hybrid Konstanta F1 (36 cm2). The total leaf surface per 1 hectare was

13.3 ths. m2 due to the variety Beregynya, it was 10.9 ths. m

2 due to the

variety Lada, it was 14.8 ths. m2

due to the variety Titovka. It was

13.7 ths. m2

due to the hybrid Konstanta F1, it was 13.0 ths. m2

due to the

hybrid Roksolana F1.

Decreasing of leaf surface in second half of vegetation period was

related with increasing their number and increasing load of fruits per plant. The

influence of varietal features was observed in second period of research.

The strong direct correlation dependence recorded between the total

length of shoots and the root collar diameter and length of main stem

according to the correlation pleiades. Dependence between the total length

of shoots and length of main stem was 1.0 due to the hybrid Konstanta F1

after 90 days from planting time.

The bigger dependence was determined for numbers 90 days after

planting time due to the variety Lada and hybrid Roksolana F1. The strong

direct correlation dependence recorded between the assimilation surface

area and leaf number with stronger showing of dependence after 90 days

from planting time, except variety Lada, which had the same figures.

The yield of hybrids Konstanta F1 (44.7 t/ha) and Roksolana F1

(51.7 t/ha) was exceed the trial varieties, especially the hybrid Roksolana F1

where exceeding to control variant was 12.8 t/ha on the average in three

years’ time. The yield of varieties Beregynya(38.7 t/ha) and Lada(35.6 t/ha)

was less from variety Titovka(38.9 t/ha) at 0.5 % and 8.6 % in accordance.

The yield of melon has strong direct dependence from the average

weight of fruits, the load of fruits per plant, the total length of shoots, the

length of main stem, the root collar, the surface of leaf, the leaves number

and the assimilation surface according to the correlation analysis.

Accordant dependences were with the average weight of fruits. The

varieties Beregynya, Lada and hybrid Roksolana F1had average connection

for numbers in 30 days after planting. The variety Titovka had average

dependence of yield from number of fruit per unit of land.

It is fixed mightily gayness in dynamic of fruits ripening during

2005-2007 years. It was depended from variety (hybrid) and weather

conditions. The hybrid Roksolana F1 was characterized faster fruits

ripening (81.8 % of yield during 3 first harvest from total weight) on the

average in three years’ time. 51.9 % of yield was received during third

harvest due to the variety Beregynya (Fig. 1).

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 harvest 2 harvest 3 harvest 4 harvest

Beregynya; Lada;

Titovka (control); Constanta F1;

Roxolana F1.

Sh

are

of

yie

ld,

t/h

a

The variety Lada had later fruits ripening. 45.6 % of yield was

received during last harvest, what at 17 % less than control. The yield of

variety Lada was the lowest among researched varieties during first, second

and third harvest, but increasing of share of yield was inchmeal from 4.9 %

to 40 %. The rest of varieties shaved lecreasing share of yield due to the

last harvest (28.6-29.6), it depended from variety. The smallest share of

yield had hybrid Roksolana F1 it was 18.2 %.

The brix in fruits of hybrid Roksolana F1 was 14.4 %, what was the

biggest number among study range of varieties on the average in three

years’ time. The brix was 13.1 % due to the variety Lada and hybrid

Konstanta F1 what was less from variety Titovka at 0.2 %. The smallest

number was fixed due to the variety Beregynya it was 11.3 % (Table 3).

Fig 1. The dynamic of produce income in dependence variety

(hybrid) and stage of development, average for 2005−2007 years:

The content of sugar in fruits was 8.5-13.6 % and 2.1-5.9 sucrose during

the research years. The bigger content of sugar was 11,7 % due to the fruits of

hybrid Roksolana F1 nevertheless content of sucrose was only 3.3 % what was

the lowest number on the average in three research years. The content of sugar

was equal (10.8%) due to the varieties Lada and Titovka but content of sucrose

was higher due to the variety Titovka (4.1 %). The fruits of Beregynya had the

smallest level of sugar it was 9.6 %. The percent of sugar was the biggest due

to the hybrid Konstanta F1 but it was depended from year it was 5.9 % in 2005,

5.0 % in 2006 and 4.5 % in 2007.

By high content of sugar (11.7 %) the share of sucrose was only

3,3 % due to the fruits of hybrid Roksolana F1, the titratable acidity was

only 1,2 % and at 0,1-0,5 % more due to the rest of varieties. It is not

observed clear dependence between titratable acidity and weather

conditions but was observed fluctuations of numbers due to the varieties

during research years. The biggest number oftitrable acidity was fixed in

fruits of variety Lada in 2006 it was 2.1 %.

The varieties Lada and Titovka had the highest content of ascorbic acid

it was 13.6 mg/100 g and 13.46 mg/100 g in accordance. The fruits of hybrid

Roksolana F1 were characterized lower content of ascorbic acid. More align

content of ascorbic acidamong studied range of varieties was in 2007.

The fruits of hybrid Konstanta F1 had pronounced flavor due to the

degustation, they had very gentle and fleshy meat.

The fruits of variety Lada and hybrid Roksolana F1 were less

flavored but also had gentle and fleshy meat. The fruits of variety

Beregynya were low-gentle and low-flashy and also the lowest overall

score it was 3,5 points with coefficient sugar-acid equal 7. The fruits of

Konstanta F1 were declared the best with overall score equal 4.6 points.

The fruits of varieties Lada, Titovka and hybrid Konstanta F1 had average

overall score it was 4.1 points, 4.2 points and 3.9points in accordance.

The conducted calculation of economic efficiency and bioenergetics

evaluation of growing of selected range of varieties of melon showed that

necessary is growing of hybrids Konstanta F1, Roksolana F1 and variety

Titovka in zone of trial conducting. It related with higher yield. He highest

cost of received yield per hectare was observed due to the hybrids

Konstanta F1 and Roksolana F1 it was 142.45 ths. uah/ha and

130.42 ths. uah/ha in accordance. Present hybrids were characterized the

highest expenses per one hectare, but received cost from yield was

exceeded the cost of expenses.

Cost of fruits per harvest was depended from price and quantity of

harvested fruits inasmuch as the fruits were ripening not at the same time.

The hybrid Roksolana F1 had the lowest cost of production of one

ton of fruits (0.96 ths. uah). It was 120 uah less than control. The variety

Lada had the highest cost of production of one ton of fruits (1.17 ths. uah).

The hybrids Konstanta F1 and Roksolana F1 had the highest profit

91.63 ths. uah/ha and 80.63 ths. uah/ha and level of profitability 180.2 %

and 162,0 % in accordance. The control variant, variety Titovka, had

current characteristics on the level 62.78 ths. uah/ha and 149.1 %.

The hybrids Konstanta F1 and Roksolana F1showed the highest

numbers of coefficient of bioenergetics efficiency they were 2.15 and 2.35

in accordance. The lowest current characteristic was 1.84 due the variety

Lada and control variant had 1.99.

Conclusions. Thus the most developed vegetative mass of plants

was characterized the varieties Beregynya and Titovka on the years of

research. The Roksolana F1 showed bigger growth among the hybrids. The

hybrids Konstanta F1 (38.9 t/ha) and Roksolana F1 (51.7 t/ha) and variety

Titovka (44.7 t/ha) were characterized the highest yield. The fruits of

hybrid Konstanta F1 had the highest degustation rate (4.7 points). It was

related with more balanced content of sugar (10.4 %) titratableacidity

(1.49) and higher content of sucrose (5.1 %).

Thus it is rational to grow the hybrids Konstanta F1, Roksolana F1and

variety Titovka in conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine due to the

advantage of complex of biological characteristic, phyto metric parameters,

yield and quality of fruits.

Bibliography.

1. Gorodniy N. М. Plodoovoshchnye resursy I ikh medico-

biologicheskaya otsenka / Gorodniy N. М., Gorodnyaya М. Ya.,

Volkodav V. V. – К. : Аlfа, 2002. – 448 s.

2. Vavilov N. I. Bakhchevye kultury / N. I. Vavilov. − М. – L. : Izd-

vо АN SSSR, 1960. – S. 292-329.

3. Bobos I. М. Formirovanie sortovogo genofonda v Ukraine /

I. М. Bobos // Nastoyashchiy khozyain. – 2012. – № 3. – S. 24-32.



5. Nichiporovich А. А. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po uchetu I

kontrolyu vazhneyshykh pokazateley protsesov fotosinteticheskoy

deyatelnosti rasteniy v posevakh / Nichiporovich А. А , Kuzmin Z. Е.,

Polozovа L. Ya. – М. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1969. − 94 s.


M . : Kolos, 1979. – 415 s.

К.Н. Шевчук

Подбор сортимента дыни для выращивания в условиях Южной

Степи Украины.

Резюме. Наведено результаты исследований по изучению

сортимента дыни в условиях Южной Степи Украины при

использовании капельного орошения. Доведено, что для получения

высокого урожая, экономической и энергетической эффективности

целесообразно выращивать гибриды Константа F1 и Роксолана F1, а

также сорт Титовка.

К.М. Шевчук

Підбір сортименту дині для вирощування в умовах Південного

Степу України.

Резюме. Наведено результати досліджень з вивчення

сортименту дині в умовах Південного Степу України за використання

краплинного зрошення. Доведено, що для отримання високої

урожайності, економічної і енергетичної ефективності доцільно

вирощувати гібриди Константа F1 і Роксолана F1, а також сорт

Тітовка.

1. – Plant biometric of melon in dependence of variety (hybrid) and stage

of development, average for 2005-2007 years

30 days after transplanting

into the soil


into the soil

Variety

(hybrid) le

ng

th o

f m

ain

stea

m, m

/pla

nt

tota

l le

ng

th

of

sho

ots

,

m/p

lan

t

roo

tco

llar

di

amet

er, m

m

len

gth

of

mai

n

stea

m, m

/pla

nt

tota

l le

ng

th

of

sho

ots

,

m/p

lan

t

roo

tco

llar

di

amet

er, m

m

Beregynya 0,72 8,74 11,9 1,22 36,46 14,8

Lada 0,83 8,43 12,7 1,20 28,69 16,6

Titovka

(control) 0,80 8,18 12,8 1,21 35,72 16,6

Konstanta F1 0,96 7,54 13,2 1,41 24,05 17,3

Roksolana F1 0,92 9,73 13,4 1,41 36,93 17,1

SSD05 0,04 0,39 0,6 0,09 1,48 0,8

2. – The dynamic of left surface growth in dependence variety (hybrid) and

stage of development, average for 2005-2007 years


into the soil


into the soil

Variety

(hybrid)

nu

mb

er o

f

leav

es, p

cs/p

lan

t

leaf

su

rfac

e,

sq. cm

assi

mil

atio

n

surf

ace,

tho

usa

nd

sq

.

nu

mb

er o

f

leav

es, p

cs/p

lan

t

leaf

su

rfac

e,

sq. cm

assi

mil

atio

n

surf

ace,

tho

usa

nd

sq

.

Beregynya 107 67,5 7,6 439 30,2 13,3

Lada 116 63,4 8,0 368 29,4 10,9

Titovka

(control) 105 69,7 7,5 434 34,0 14,8

Konstanta F1 98 75,9 7,6 373 36,0 13,7

Roksolana F1 118 70,5 8,8 403 31,9 13,0

SSD05 6 3,0 0,5 18 1,4 0,8

3. – The content of main components of chemical composition of fruits of melon in dependence variety

(hybrid) and stage of development, average for 2005-2007 years

Variety

(hybrid) brix, % total sugar, %

sucrose,

% titrated acid, %

ascorbic acid,

mg/100 g SAC*

overall score,

point

Beregynya 11,3 9,6 2,2 1,45 11,8 7 3,5

Lada 13,1 10,8 3,8 1,44 13,6 8 4,1

Titovka

(control) 13,3 10,8 4,1 1,30 13,4 8 4,2

Konstanta F1 13,1 10,4 5,1 1,49 12,9 7 4,6

Roksolana F1 14,4 11,7 3,3 1,19 10,3 10 3,9

SSD05 0,03 0,1 0,1 0,02 0,2 1 −

*− sugar-acid coefficient.


UDC: 635:631.145

N.М. Shcherbynа, О.М. Yurlakovа, Sciences Researchers Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS

DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN THE MARKET OF HORTICULTURE

Analysis and implementation of certified seed base for the institute

and studied the demand and supply of vegetable seeds.

Keywords: marketing, supply, demand, market, certified seeds, seed base.

Introduction. The market is the exchange of goods, formed under the laws of commodity-money relations in accordance with the law of supply and demand, competition law and the laws of money. Economic category of "market" acts as a set of relations that arise in circulation as a result of sale of goods.

Marketing is a key element of the market economy mechanism, in which the main role in shaping and planning production and sales of businesses and organizations in agricultural production belongs to consumers [1].

The process of market operation mechanism seeds is the relationship and interaction between the three elements of the market: supply, demand and prices. Market essence of this mechanism is that each element is closely linked to the price, which is the main instrument of influence on supply and demand. The essence of competitiveness seeds define indicators, which are based on production costs, a measure of market saturation in this type of product, purchasing power of consumers [2].

It is known that with an increase in the price of goods demand is typically reduced and vice versa, that demand is inversely depending on the price, which in the vegetable seed usually depends on the quality of seed, its varietal composition and reproduction [3].

In the highly competitive, especially for seed production market always win is the one who manages to quickly identify new needs to resolve the issue of new varieties and hybrids, the required number of seed production and to offer them. So today begins vegetable marketing. © Shcherbynа N.М., Yurlakovа О.М., 2014.

The basic principle of marketing approach is that, above all, consumers want.

In modern conditions only through the selection and implementation – seeds may keep the yield of vegetable and melon plants at a high level and make products that would meet the needs of the population in an environmentally safe and biologically valuable food. Well-established seed provides a 20 % increase in yield of vegetable and melon plants.

High-quality seed is one of the most important conditions of production, which largely depend on the results of agricultural plant species. Also, it is one of the factors increasing food security.

The aim of research. Conduct the analysis of implementation of base seed and certified to the Institute and to examine the demand and supply of vegetable seeds.

The method of researches. Source of the information acting as statistical reports, primary documents and research methods, including a system of statistical and economic methods combined with theoretical aspects of the field of Horticulture.

The results and discussion. Market conditions put high demands on an innovative product that is created by scientists. First, we study the supply and demand for specific types of goods, and the next step is a detailed specification of the parameters of an innovative product which is created that becomes the basis of scientific models of competitive goods.

In order to determine of bestsellers seed weight at the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS analyzed the implementation seeds for 2013-2014 years. The analysis showed that in 2014 was sold 1.5 tons of certified seeds of vegetables and melons in the amount of 229.2 ths. uah., which is 18 % more than in 2013 year.

The most proceeds from the sale of certified seeds were obtained from the sale of watermelons 40 ths. uah. Bestselling are varieties Ogonok, Borchanskyy, Shyroninskyy. The second highest revenue is table beet. It was realized in the amount of 35.4 ths. uah. Bestselling are sort of table beet Bordo Kharkivskyy. The third step takes zucchini variety Chaklun – 32.9 ths. uah. Next is the onion – 32.9 ths. uah. (varieties Globus, Tkachenkivska, Amfora). Sweet pepper – 12.7 ths. uah. (varieties Druzhok, Valyusha, Veleten) (Fig. 1).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

beet zucchini w atermelon cabbage dill carrot sw eet

pepper

radish onion

ths.uah.

2013 2014

Fig. 1. The implementations of certified seeds in 2013-2014 years, ths. uah.

Analysis of the implementation of base seed showed that in 2014

was sold 0.3 tons of seeds in the amount of 138.6 ths. uah., 38 % compared to 2013. Among the most base seed proceeds received from the sale of onion varieties Globus. It was realized in the amount of 50.8 ths. uah. The second position is occupied with parsley root Kharkovchanka (13.5 ths. uah.). The third step takes late cabbage – 9.3 ths. uah. This is a variety of Yaroslavna, Kharkivska zymova, Ukrainska osin. Next comes the carrot – 8,6 ths. uah. (variety Olenka). From the seeds of sweet pepper received 8.2 ths. uah. (varieties Pioner, Snigur, Lada, Poltavskyy). Tomato seeds sold in the amount of 7.9 ths. uah., of varieties Lyubymyy, Altey, Chayka, Zolotoy potok, Malynove vikante and Malynovyy dzvin (Fig. 2).

To ensure the sustainable economic development of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons of NAAS business should be directed to the production of seeds with the highest ratings of vegetables and melons. First of all it is necessary to produce annually 10-20 kg of tomato seeds of each variety. The rate should be placed on varieties of Chayka, Eleonora, Klondayk, Dama, Altey, Udavchik. Especially are varieties Globus, Amfora, Mavka and Lyubchik up to the 100 kg of onion seeds. For carrot seeds should be with varieties Olenka and Yaskrava least 100 kg each class. By late cabbage for successful commercialization should produce 30

kg of seed varieties such rating as Kharkivska zymova, Bilosnizhka and 5-10 kg of other varieties.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

w atermelon cabbage dill carrot cucumber sw eet pepper parsley radish tomato onion

ths.uah.

2013 2014 2013 2014

Fig. 2. The implementations of base seed in 2013-2014 years, ths. uah

Thus, the need to constantly improve and create new varieties of

vegetables that have advantages over existing on the market, creating varieties and hybrids with higher yield and manufacturability adapted to adverse weather conditions and increased resistance to pests and diseases.

Conclusions. The activities of agricultural enterprises in the market economy should be based on profit, competition and fluctuations in stock prices. Only using the principles of marketing, you can create enterprise focused on a real and a potential consumer of goods, constantly introducing innovative design and use of scientific advances in the production of vegetable production.

Bibliography.

1. Marketyng v ovochivnytstvi : [monogr.] / [Kornienko S. І., Romanova L. V., Rud V. P, Gumenyuk A. V.]; za red. S. І. Коrnienkа. – Vinnytsya : TOV «Nilan-LTD», 2014. – 288 s.

2. Terokhina L. А. Innovatsii dlya galuzi ovochivnytstva / Terokhina L. А., Ruchkin O. V., Rudnytskа Т. О. // Ovochivnytstvo I bashtannytstvo : mizhvid. temat. nauk. zb. – Kh. : Pleyadа, 2011. – vyp. 57. – S. 225-231.

3. Shmorgun L. G. Elastychnist popytu і propozytsii na osnovni vydy silskogospodarskoi produktsii na suchasnomu agrarnomu rynku Ukrainy / L. G. Shmorgun // Visnyk agrarnoi nauky. – 2001. – № 8. – S. 70-73.

Н.Н. Щербина, О.Н. Юрлакова Спрос и предложения на рынке овощеводства. Резюме. Проведен анализ реализации сертифицированных и

базовых семян на базе института, изучен спрос и предложение семян овощных культур.

Н.M. Щербина, О.M. Юрлакова Попит і пропозиціЇ на ринку овочівництва. Резюме. Проведено аналіз реалізації сертифікованого та

базового насіння на базі інституту та вивчено попит і пропозиції на насіння овочевих культур.


UDC: [635.63:631.544.4]:58.032

G.І. Yarovyy, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor,

O.F. Maryutin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences State phytosanitary inspection in Kharkiv region

EPIPHYTOTYOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF

HYDROTHERMICAL FACTOR OF AIR

It was found the meaning of hydrothermal factor in

epiphytotyological character of cucumber plant diseases that are

predominant pathogens, fungal etiology. Was generalized and

complemented by ecological and biological parameters of their

development in greenhouse agrocenoses.

Keywords: epiphytotics, humidity, air temperature, hydrothermal conditions, greenhouse farmland, cultivation facilities, dominant pathogens, plants cucumber.

Introduction. Intensification of vegetable significantly changed the traditional approaches to protect plants from pests, especially glass. Along with modern public health requirements for vegetable production function specifications that limit, and in some cases prohibit the use of acaricides, insecticides and fungicides during fruiting plants.

In this regard, has formed a new direction in environmental protection products, which includes not absolute destruction of pests and regulation of their population that is below the economic threshold of harm (ETHH) through integrated application of existing methods and crop protection. The main objective of this protection is minimizing the use of pesticides, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the safe level of their negative effects, to ensure environmental, economic and economic advantages over traditional methods of growing vegetables [8].

Modern greenhouses in Ukraine are represented by traditional types, new and modified greenhouse cultivation facilities. Depending on the type of facilities they formed greenhouse microclimate. In block greenhouses all its parameters are formed artificially in film greenhouses – mediocre influence of environmental factors. To cover the greenhouse film structures © Yarovyy G.І., Maryutin O.F., 2014.

using different translucent plastics. In these greenhouses formed microclimate, which is caused by the spectral characteristics of polimaterial, construction of buildings, their orientation, the presence or absence of artificial heating and weather conditions that are characteristic for each climatic zone. In film structures without artificial heating only heat source is sunlight. In these greenhouses temperature condition is characterized by large amplitude fluctuations during the day. The flow temperature ranges from +25 to +40 °C, which is fundamental for the growth, development and productivity of cucumber plants [7].

The aim of research – determine the influence of hydrothermal factor on epiphytotyological nature of pathogens fungal etiology of cucumber plants that dominate in greenhouse agrocenoses.

The method of researches. In making the research methods used commonly found in vegetable production, mycology and plant pathology in particular: the study of infectious pathogens of cucumber structures, the impact of environmental factors on the development unisexual spores clarify the dynamics of their germination [2, 6].

The results and discussion. Analysis of domestic and foreign sources of phytopathological [1, 3, 4, 5, 9] show that epiphytotyological development of infectious diseases depends on the ecological and biological characteristics of their pathogens. These findings are summarized and we supplemented their results (Table 1).

An analysis of generalized ecological and biological parameters of development, the dominant pathogens of cucumber in the hothouse agrocenoses shows that the vast majority of them intensively at high relative humidity – 90 %. Of particular importance is the presence epiphytotyological on plant organs drop moisture in the form of dew. It was established that in fact all but powdery mildew, infectious structures can grow only in droplets of water followed by penetration of the pathogen in cells of plant-owner. The causative agent of downy mildew has a passive type of infection, all the rest – is active.

1. – Ecological and biological parameters of pathogens fungal etiology of cucumber plants

that are dominate in greenhouse agrocenoses

Title Optimal hydro parameters of

air Type of greenhouses

of disease

pathogen of pathogen

relative humidity,

%

tempe-

rature, оС

The

incubi-

tion

period,

days block of film

Ascochytosis Asсochyta cucumеris Fautr. et Roum > 90 20-22 3-5 + -

Anthracnosis Colletotrichum laqenarium Ell et

Holsted. > 90 22-27 3-4 - +

Oidium Erysiphe сithoraceurum D.C. 80-90 20-25 4-5 + +

Cladosporisis Cladosporicum сucumerinum Ell et

Arth. > 90 20-22 6-7 + +

Corinesporosis Corinespora melonis (Cke) Gussow > 90 20-22 4-5 - +

Downy mildew Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostow. > 95 22-28 3-7 + +

Botrytiniosis Botrytis cinerea Fr. > 90 20-25 3-4 + +

Sclerotiniosis Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (dBy) Korf et

Dumont > 90 20-22 5-7 + +

The optimum temperature range of all pathogens is between

20 ... 27 ° C. In such hydrothermal conditions incubation period lasts three

pathogens to seven days, causing intense accumulation of infectious spore

load propaganda in cultivation facilities, mass infection of cucumber plants.

Therefore, the detection of the first symptoms to epiphytoties its

development is very little time. In an analysis of the state of cucumber

plants phytopathological noted that in the second half of the growing

season, regardless of the type of cultivation facilities it is mixed, causing

the plant-owner prominent infectious load. In such cases, epiphytoties

prevent their development can only use fungicides.

Our experiments, observations have been made in the open and

closed ground, showed that in the absence of optimal hydrothermal

conditions for pathogens of cucumber plants, symptoms fade diseases have

largely uncharacteristic symptoms, pathogen sporulation limited

pathological process is protracted. This disease does not become

epiphytotics character development is of limited economic value.

Over the past decade downy mildew on pumpkin crops in the open

and closed ground gained mostly epiphytotics development [9]. Given the

biological characteristics of the pathogen, it is advisable to study it in

different soil and climatic zones and types of greenhouse cultivation

facilities. As the infectious agent is able to grow only in a drop of water

was studied the effect of temperature on germination intensity

zoosporangia. Table 2 shows the results of our research.

Analysis of the table shows that, unlike spores, most pathogens of

cucumber plants develop in conditions of relative humidity of 90 % or in

the case of liquid bodies of drip-dry. Conidia of Erysiphe cichoracearum

able to germinate if the humidity is much lower – 70-85 %, the incubation

period is three to six days. In water droplets germination does not occur. It

was found that conidia are able to germinate after conidiaholder and then

form the primary exogenous mycelium, which formed the next generation.

For optimal hydrothermal conditions the development of the disease can be

epiphytoties character.

2. – Assessing the impact of temperature on germination of dynamics

fungus zoosporangia of Psеudoperonospora cubensis Rostow

Dynamics of germination of zoosporangia h., % Variants of

experiment,

temperature

of the air, °C 1 3 5 7 9

15-16 0 38 47 60 40

18-20 0 62 80 90 55

20-25 0 25 36 44 18

25-30 0 0 6 0 0

3. – Assessing the impact of hydrothermal factor for germination of

unisexual spores powdery mildew pathogen

(fungus – Erysiphe sithoraceurum DC, f cucurbitacearum Pot)

and duration of incubation period

The variant

germination of conidia relative

humidity of

air, %

temperature

of air, о

С hours quantity,%

the duration of

the incubation

period, days

drops of

water 22-24 is missing 0,0

95-100 22-24 2-3 2,4-3,0 6-9

90-95 22-24 1-2 4,5-5,0 7-9

80-85 22-24 0,2-0,5 7,5-8,5 3-6

70-75 22-24 0,5-1,0 7,0-8,0 3-6

As is seen from the table, regardless of temperature zoosporangia

germinate only after 2.5-3.0 hours while they were in the water drops. The

greatest intensity of their germination is 80-90 % and observed after 5-7 h

at 18-20 °C. In such circumstances, the development of the disease can be

epiphytoties character. In the Table 3 is presented similar research on

powdery mildew pathogen.

Сonclusions.

1. Germination and development of infection structures of the

majority of pathogens of cucumber plants fungal etiology is closely related

to the hydrothermal conditions in greenhouses agrocenoses.

2. No sexual disputes pathogens of cucumber plants formed

throughout their growing season, creating massive and infectious load,

causing epiphytotics disease development under optimal hydrothermal

conditions.

3. Conidia of powdery mildew pathogen of cucumber plants

Erysiphe cichoracearum DC grow most rapidly in the range of 80-90 %

humidity. If the humidity rises above 90 %, their viability significantly

reduced.

4. The temperature factor for greenhouse agrocenoses in infectious

process has indirect value. This is due to the fact that they constantly

supported 22 ... 24 °C, which has a positive effect on the duration of the

incubation period.

5. Significant impact on epiphytotyological process produce stress

factors: sharp fluctuations in day and night temperatures during the

growing season and other suboptimal Agrotechnological activities that

adversely affect the genetic disease resistance of plants cucumber.

Bibliography.

1. Belyaeva V. B. Ob osobennostyakh razvitiya nekotorykh

rasprostranennykh zabolevaniyakh ogurtsa v sooruzheniyakh pod

plenochnym ukrytiem v Moskovskoy oblasti / V. B. Belyaeva,

N. I. Kraeva // Nauch. tr. NII ovoshchnogo khoz-va МSKH RSFSR. – М.,

1973. – Т. 4. – S. 232-237.



3. Bolezni I vrediteli ovoshchnykh kultur v zashchishchennom

grunte / Vladimirskaya М. Е., Elbakyan М. А., Tsyplenkov А. Е. I dr. –

Leningrad, 1980. – 190 s.

4. Grishkevich М. N. Vliyanie vida plenki I sposoba ukrytiya na

bolezneustoychivost ogurtsa / Grishkevich М. N., Zaborа Yu. М.,

Nalobova V. L. // Ovoshchevodstvo. – Minsk. – 1987. – Vyp. 7. – S. 42-46.

5. Dikanev G. P. Nekotorye biologicheskie osobennosti Erysiphe

cichoracearum D.C. / G. P. Dikanev // Sb. tr. asp. I molod. nauch. sotr.

VNIIR. – 1970. – Т. 17. – S. 320-321.

6. Naumov N. А. Metody mikologicheskikh I fitopatologicheskikh

issledovaniy / N. A. Naumov. – М.; L., 1937. – 270 s.

7. Ovochivnytstvo zakrytogo gruntu / [za red. G. L. Bondarenkа]. –

К., 1978. – 237 s.

8. Chulkina V. А. Biologicheskie osnovy epifitotiologii /

V. А. Chulkinа.– М., 1991. – 287 s.

9. Yarovyy G. І. Rol agrotekhnichnykh zakhodiv v epifitotiynomu

rozvytku nespravzhnoi boroshnystoi rosy garbuzovykh kultur /

Yarovyy G. І., Onyshchenkо О. І., Maryutin О. F. // Osnovy formuvannya

produktyvnosti s.-g. kultur za intensyvnykh tekhnologiy vyroshchuvannya:

Zb. nauk. pr. Uman. DAU. Ser. «Agronomiya». – Uman, 2008. – S. 235-

239.

Г.И. Яровой, А.Ф. Марютин

Эпифитотиологическое значение гидротермического фактора

воздуха при выращивании огурца в тепличных агроценозах.

Резюме. Уточнено значение гидротермических условий для

эпифитотиологического характера развития доминирующих болезней

растений огурца грибной этиологии. Обобщены и дополнены

экологические и биологические параметры развития возбудителей

болезней в тепличных агроценозах.

Г.І. Яровий, О.Ф. Марютін

Епіфітотіологічне значення гідротермічного фактора повітря.

Резюме. З’ясовано значення впливу гідротермічного фактора на

епіфітотіологічний характер розвитку домінуючих збудників хвороб

рослин огірка, грибної етіології. Узагальнені і доповнені еколого-

біологічні параметри їхнього розвитку в тепличних агроценозах.

vegetables and melon - iнститут овочiвництва i ...†ssn 0131-0062. vegetables and...

Documents