The Growth of the Nation

The Growth of the Nation1800-1860Election of 1800John Adams vs. Thomas JeffersonAdam lost by 8 votesJefferson and Aaron Burr (running mate) tiedHouse of Reps broke tieHamilton didnt like BurrConvinced Federalist to cast blank votesJefferson won by two votesImportanceShowed flaw in Constitution12th Amendment- electors cast separate ballots for President and Vice PresidentJeffersonian Republicanism1st Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to anotherPhilosophyPeople should control GovernmentSmall and simple best for peopleShrunk Military and Govern.Cut government CostsEliminated TaxesMarbury vs. MadisonMidnight JudgesAdams filled courts with Federalist Judges before left officeLetters not been deliveredJefferson told Madison not to deliverMarbury sued Madison for not delivering his letter John Marshal-Chief Justice of Supreme CourtRuled Judiciary Act of 1789 which forced Madison to send letter was UnconstitutionalWhy is this decision Important?Judicial Review- ability of Supreme Court to declare law UnconstitutionalChecks and Balances- Judiciary co-equal branch of Govern.

Louisiana Purchase1803 Napoleon sold to U.S. for $15 mil.Jefferson excepted offer Not sure He had power to do soDoubled size of U.S.$.03 per acre$390 Billion in 2003 dollarsSent Louis and Clark to exploreWatch American Stories

War of 1812Reasons for WarFrance and Britain blockadesStopped trade for U.S.British ImpressmentTaking American Sailors and drafting them into British NavyBritish Canadians giving Native Americans guns to fight Americans

War of 1812President James Madison asked Congress to approve WarMilitary unprepared, no public supportBritish worried about Napoleon not U.S.1814- sacked Washington D.C.Treaty Signed Dec. 24, 1814Battle of New Orleans- Jan. 8th 1815Andrew Jackson beat BritishDidnt know Treaty had been signed

Consequences of WarEnd of Federalist Party- opposed to warGrowth of American IndustrializationProved U.S. was free and Independent nationNationalismBelief that national interest should be placed ahead of regional interestsJames Monroe- 5th PresidentSet Territories and Boundaries1818 Northern Boundary49th ParallelJoint occupation of Oregon with Britain1819 Western BoundarySabine River North to Arkansas River North to Pacific Ocean

Monroe DoctrineThreat of European powers and Russia trying to gain land in North AmericaWarned all European powers to stay out of Western HemisphereU.S. would consider any power in West as a threat to peace and safety of U.S.Promised U.S. would stay out of European affairs

Regional DifferencesNorth-IndustrializationShipping industry helped create manufacturing industryAgricultural not as profitableSpecialized in one crop or livestockBought all other suppliesTwo forms of specialization supported each otherRegional DifferencesSouth- AgricultureCotton Gin- cotton production profitableExpanded slave trade- need more laborers

Eli WhitneyThe American SystemProposed by Madison and ClayPlan to move U.S. toward Economic Independence3 Main PointsEstablish protective tariffs- stop British competitionRe-charter National Bank- unified currencyDevelop Transportation system- easier travel

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Slave StateMaine Free StateLouisiana Purchase divided at 36 30 N Lat.South Slavery LegalNorth Slavery Banned

Election of 1824John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew JacksonCorrupt BargainHenry Clay (Jacksons Political enemy in same party)Made deal with JQ AdamsBecame Secretary of StateSplit in Democratic-Republican PartyClay-National Republican PartyJackson- Democratic PartyJacksonian DemocracyPolitical Power for all classesCommon people should participateSpoils System- new administrations hire their own supporters to replace supporters of previous administrationJackson gave political jobs to friends and alliesThe Indian Removal ActFederal Government Provided funds to negotiate treaties with Native Americans to move westCherokee Nation fought ActSupreme Court ruled Act unconstitutionalJackson Ignored ruling and pushed Indians west anyway

Trail of TearsForced march from Georgia to Indian Territory

Jacksons Bank WarTariff of 1816- taxes on imports reduced manufactured goods from BritainBritish bought less cotton from SouthSoutherner mad because they were forced to buy high priced Northern goodsNorth getting rich off of the SouthNullification- inoperative, not validStates sovereign- power to declare Acts of congress unconstitutionalJacksons Bank War2nd Bank of U.S.Tried to decrease powerBenefited wealthy not common manTook all Federal money out of BankBecame just another bankDealing with Jacksons LegacyMartin Van BurenWon with Jacksons supportInherited Bank problemFederal Money had been put into pet banksBanks loyal to democratsPrinted money without gold or silver to back itDoomed to failure when withdrawals occurredPanic of 1837Banks wouldnt accept paper moneyBusinesses bankrupt1/3 people lost jobsDealing with Jacksons LegacyWilliam Henry Harrison- WhigWon election because Van Buren blamed form weak economyDied 1 month into PresidencyVP John Tyler became PresidentFormer DemocratStopped Whig reforms