THE GROWTH OF THE NATION1800-1860

ELECTION OF 1800 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson

Adam lost by 8 votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mate) tied House of Reps broke tie Hamilton didn’t like Burr

Convinced Federalist to cast blank votes Jefferson won by two votes

Importance Showed flaw in Constitution 12th Amendment- electors cast separate ballots for President and Vice

President

JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM

1st Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another

Philosophy People should control Government Small and simple best for people Smaller Military and Government Cut government Costs Eliminated Taxes

MARBURY VS. MADISON

Midnight Judges Adams filled courts with Federalist Judges before left office Letters not been delivered Jefferson told Madison not to deliver Marbury sued Madison for not delivering his letter

John Marshal-Chief Justice of Supreme Court Ruled Judiciary Act of 1789 which forced Madison to send

letter was Unconstitutional Why is this decision Important?

Judicial Review- ability of Supreme Court to declare law Unconstitutional

Checks and Balances- Judiciary co-equal branch of Govern.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1803 Napoleon sold to U.S. for $15 mil. Jefferson excepted offer

Not sure He had power to do so Doubled size of U.S.

$.03 per acre $390 Billion in 2003 dollars

Sent Louis and Clark to explore Watch American Stories

WAR OF 1812

Reasons for War France and Britain blockades

Stopped trade for U.S. British Impressment

Taking American Sailors and drafting them into British Navy

British Canadians giving Native Americans guns to fight Americans

WAR OF 1812

President James Madison asked Congress to approve War Military unprepared, no public support British worried about Napoleon not U.S.

1814- sacked Washington D.C.

Treaty Signed Dec. 24, 1814 Battle of New Orleans- Jan. 8th 1815

Andrew Jackson beat British Didn’t know Treaty had been signed

CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

End of Federalist Party- opposed to war Growth of American Industrialization Proved U.S. was free and Independent nation

NATIONALISM

Belief that national interest should be placed ahead of regional interests

James Monroe- 5th President Set Territories and Boundaries 1818 Northern Boundary

49th Parallel Joint occupation of Oregon with Britain

1819 Western Boundary Sabine River North to Arkansas River North to Pacific Ocean

MONROE DOCTRINE

Threat of European powers and Russia trying to gain land in North America

Warned all European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere U.S. would consider any power in West as a

threat to peace and safety of U.S. Promised U.S. would stay out of European affairs

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

North-Industrialization Shipping industry helped create manufacturing

industry Agricultural not as profitable

Specialized in one crop or livestock Bought all other supplies

Two forms of specialization supported each other

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

South- Agriculture Cotton Gin- cotton production profitable Expanded slave trade- need more laborers

Eli Whitney

THE “AMERICAN SYSTEM”

Proposed by Madison and Clay Plan to move U.S. toward Economic Independence

3 Main Points Establish protective tariffs- stop British

competition Re-charter National Bank- unified currency Develop Transportation system- easier travel

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

Missouri Slave State Maine Free State Louisiana Purchase divided at 36 30 N Lat.

South Slavery Legal North Slavery Banned

ELECTION OF 1824 John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson

Corrupt Bargain Henry Clay (Jackson’s Political enemy in same party) Made deal with JQ Adams Became Secretary of State

Split in Democratic-Republican Party Clay-National Republican Party Jackson- Democratic Party

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

Political Power for all classes Common people should participate Spoils System- new administrations hire their own

supporters to replace supporters of previous administration

Jackson gave political jobs to friends and allies

THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

Federal Government Provided funds to negotiate treaties with Native Americans to move west

Cherokee Nation fought Act Supreme Court ruled Act unconstitutional Jackson Ignored ruling and pushed Indians west

anyway

TRAIL OF TEARSFORCED MARCH FROM GEORGIA TO INDIAN TERRITORY

JACKSON’S BANK WAR

Tariff of 1816- taxes on imports reduced manufactured goods from Britain British bought less cotton from South Southerner mad because they were forced to buy

high priced Northern goods North getting rich off of the South Nullification- inoperative, not valid

States sovereign- power to declare Acts of congress unconstitutional

JACKSON’S BANK WAR

2nd Bank of U.S. Tried to decrease power Benefited wealthy not common man Took all Federal money out of Bank Became just another bank

DEALING WITH JACKSON’S LEGACY

Martin Van Buren Won with Jackson’s support Inherited Bank problem Federal Money had been put into “pet banks”

Banks loyal to democrats Printed money without gold or silver to back it Doomed to failure when withdrawals occurred

Panic of 1837 Banks wouldn’t accept paper money Businesses bankrupt 1/3 people lost jobs

DEALING WITH JACKSON’S LEGACY

William Henry Harrison- Whig Won election because Van Buren blamed form

weak economy Died 1 month into Presidency VP John Tyler became President

Former Democrat Stopped Whig reforms